英汉翻译技巧——重复译法
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翻译技巧之重复法重复法是指在译文中适当地重复原文中出现过的词语,以使意思表达得更加清楚;或者进一步加强语气,突出强调某些内容,收到更好的修辞效果。
下面就一起来看看具体的重复法翻译技巧吧!翻译技巧之重复法1一、重复名词1.重复英语中作宾语的名词Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.他们不太愿意推迟这个会议或者取消这个会议。
2.重复英语中作表语的名词This has been our position—but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。
3.重复英语介词前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用介词,而将第二个、第三个介词前的名词省略,翻译时则往往可以重复这些省略的名词。
The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践,地比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
4.重复定语从句中作先行词的名词英语定语从句常用关系词引导,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(通常是名词、名词短语或代词),一方面在从句中担任一个成分。
汉语中没有关系词,往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。
He gave ma a book which I kept to this day.他曾经送给我一本书。
这本书我一直保存至今。
Yesterday afternoon, I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.昨天下午,我遇到了一位老朋友。
1.重译法(Repetition):为了忠实表达原文的意思,重复某些关键词。
作用:明确;强调;生动。
2. 增译法(Amplification)和减译法(Omission)增加或减少原文的一些词。
目的:使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯。
3. 词类转译法(Conversion)由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类,这种方法不仅指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化。
Eg:(1)n.→v. the promotion of gender equality 促进性别平等(2)adj.→v. be independent of society 脱离社会(3)v.→n. be characterized by 特点是(4)adj→n. eloquent and elegant 既有口才,又有风度(5)n.→adj. independent thinking独立思考的能力注:词类转移要遵守忠实与通顺的原则。
4. 词序调整法(Inversion)翻译时对词序作必要或必不可少的改变,并不只是纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。
5. 正义反译,反义正译(Negation)为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思,把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。
Eg: 正义反译:deny 否决,否定→不给予miss 错过→没赶上(交通工具);没听(看到)或没听(看懂)live up to one’s expectations 不(没)辜负……的希望divert attention from 将注意力从……移开→没有意识到be absent 未出席,没来far from 远非;完全不final 最终的→不可改变的idly 漫不经心地,无所事事地be at a loss 不知所措rather than/instead of 而不是absent-minded 心不在焉的but for 要不是;如果没有(2)反义正译no less than 实在是;正如;不少于no less…than 和……一样;不亚于no other than 只有;正是none other than (用以加强语气) 正是,恰恰是,不是别人,正是……nothing but 只有(是);只不过no choice but 别无选择,只(好)得unfold 展开,呈现disappear 消失,失踪carelessly 马马虎虎地,粗心地6. 分译法(Division)分译法主要用于长句的翻译。
英汉翻译重复发转汉语有个明显的特点,也是英语所少见的,就是同义词语的重复。
这种重复在汉语修辞上称为反复,为的是突出某个意思,强调某种感情,以加强读者的印象。
但是在许多情况下,并非出自修辞需要,而是语言本身所固有的。
在翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实地表达原文意思。
这种反复使用某些词语的翻译方法就叫重复法。
一般说来,重复法有三个作用:一是为了明确,二是为了强调,三是为了生动。
1.名词的重复(1)重复作宾语的名词1)We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.我们应学会如何分析问题、解决问题。
2)A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.一出好戏足以教育人民、鼓舞人民。
3)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障。
4)It is o1)Work while you work,play while you play.该工作时就工作,该玩时就玩。
2)It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.生于社会,不能脱离社会。
3)Dead is the monarch,dead the servant who cringed beforehim,dead the city in which they dwelt.君主死了,在他面前卑躬屈膝、阿谀奉承的侍臣死了,他们居住的这个都城也死了。
ur duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。
2)重复作表语的名词1)Every single woman Iever know is apuzzle to me,as,I have no doubt,she is to herself.我所认识的每一个女人对我来说都是一个谜,而且我毫不怀疑,她自己对她本人也是一个谜。
2.2 练习一参考译文I thought this machine would never be anything but a toy.我原以为这台机器最多只能当成一个玩具,没有什么实用价值。
Early the next morning, after a large breakfast, they departed.第二天一早,饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后,他们便动身了。
第二天一早,他们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐之后,便出发了。
Do as you would be done by.要别人如何待你,你就该如何待人。
(增加原文比较句中省略的部分)This printer is indeed cheap and fine.这部打印机真是物美价廉。
I could knit when I was seven.我七岁时就会织毛衣。
Steel and iron products are often coated lest they should rust.钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈2.2.2重复法一.原文为省略表达:英语中和汉语中都有省略现象。
英语多按语法形式省略以避免重复,多省略所有格、形容词和介词后面的名词,助动词、不定式后面的动词,系动词后面的表语,主谓一致时的主语或谓语等。
译为汉语时,这些省略掉的词语往往要补上,这就构成了汉语的重复。
1.重复名词:例1.Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show themselves in its speech.一个民族的贵族倾向和民主倾向常在其言语中表现出来。
(重复形容词所修饰的名词)例2.We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.我们提倡和平共处的原则,这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。
重译法Repetition (重译法)1.重复名词⼤家都知道,英语句中若两个动词共⽤⼀个宾语,宾语只在第⼆个动词之后出现⼀次。
⽽在汉语中,这样的宾语要在每个动词后出现,定语后的名词也如此。
重复动词后的宾语名词,如:1). We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。
2). Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修改安全规则和卫⽣规则吧。
重复英语中作表语的名词1). John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友,⼜是我的朋友。
2). This has been our position –but not theirs.这⼀直是我们的⽴场——⽽不是他们的⽴场。
3). He became an enterpriser—all by himself.他成为⼀个企业家——⼀个⽩⼿起家的企业家。
重复英语中省略的名词,起到强调和明确的作⽤,更符合译语习惯1). I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.我已经提前完成了交给我的⼯作,他也提前完成了交给他的⼯作。
2). Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.⽆知是恐惧的根源,也是敬佩的根源。
3). Before liberation many people could not read or write.解放前,许多⼈不会读书,也不会写字。
4). But we still have defects, and very big ones.但是我们还是有缺点的,⽽且还有很⼤的缺点。
5). The story of John is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destroyed by the capitalist.约翰的故事是⼀篇充满呻吟和泪⽔的故事,是资本家摧残不幸的⼈们的故事。
英汉翻译技巧——重复译法
使用重复法的目的主要有三个:
一是使意义明确,
二是使译文生动活泼,
三是加强语势。
一、使意义明确
1.重复名词
1) We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.
2) It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.
3)A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.
4)It was he who first repudiated and breached the understanding.
5)All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess' ultimate prize.
6)They slipped out into the open,avoiding the kitchen, a spacious separate building.
2.重复动词
1)People forget your face first, then your name.
2)Then he spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and in particular of the spread of wealth and work.
3)They talked of things they longed for ─ of meat and of hot soup and of the richness of butter.
4)He encouraged this bumptious young ma n to write of his own region──of its bleak poverty and of its women old before their time.
3.重复代词
1)The country has its romantic feeling.
2)However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days.
3)Whoever works hard will be respected.
4)Choose whatever you like.
5)Ignoring a problem does not solve it.
6)When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive.
二、使译文生动活泼
1)grotesque
2)careless
3)in chaos
4)street gossip
5)rumors
6) Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time at sea-side.
7) But at that time, she was the only woman there.
8) His folks ate up everything he had.
三、加强语势
1) Would you please please please please please please please stop talking.
2)Any my poor fool is hanged. No, no, no life.。