12.翻译技巧之重复法
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翻译技巧1Repetition重复法:在译文中适当地重复原文中出现过的词语,以使意思表达得更加清楚;或者进一步加强语气,突出强调某些内容,收到更好的修辞效果。
1.为了明确1.1重复名词例1:We have to analyse and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。
例2:He became an oil baron—all by himself.他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王。
1.2重复动词The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too.这一下不仅震痛了他的手,也震痛了他的肩膀。
1.3重复代词重复代词所代替的名词例1:Peter opened his eyes.They were filled with tears.彼得睁开了眼睛,眼里充满了泪水。
例2:I hope that the discussion will not be too long,for it will only waste time.我希望讨论不要太长,太长了只会浪费时间。
重复作代词主语的名词英语中用物主代词its,his,their等等以代替句中作主语的名词时,翻译中往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词,以达到明确具体的目的。
例1:Happy families are all alike,every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.幸福的家庭总是相似的,不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。
例2:Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.强国有大强国的策略,小国也有小国的路线。
重复强势关系代词或关系副词例1:Whoever violates the law should be punished.谁犯了法,谁就应该受惩罚。
英汉翻译技巧——重复译法使用重复法的目的主要有三个:一是使意义明确,二是使译文生动活泼,三是加强语势。
一、使意义明确1.重复名词1) We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.2) It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.3)A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.4)It was he who first repudiated and breached the understanding.5)All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess' ultimate prize.6)They slipped out into the open,avoiding the kitchen, a spacious separate building.2.重复动词1)People forget your face first, then your name.2)Then he spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and in particular of the spread of wealth and work.3)They talked of things they longed for ─ of meat and of hot soup and of the richness of butter.4)He encouraged this bumptious young ma n to write of his own region──of its bleak poverty and of its women old before their time.3.重复代词1)The country has its romantic feeling.2)However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days.3)Whoever works hard will be respected.4)Choose whatever you like.5)Ignoring a problem does not solve it.6)When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive.二、使译文生动活泼1)grotesque2)careless3)in chaos4)street gossip5)rumors6) Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time at sea-side.7) But at that time, she was the only woman there.8) His folks ate up everything he had.三、加强语势1) Would you please please please please please please please stop talking.2)Any my poor fool is hanged. No, no, no life.。
重复法实际上也是一种增词法,只不过所增加的词是上文刚出现过的词。
翻译和写作一样,本应力求简练,尽量省略一些可有可无的词;但有时为了明确、强调或生动,却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。
一、为了明确(一)重复名词1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词1)Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。
2)I had experienced oxygen and / or engine trouble.我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障。
3)They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.他们开始研究敌情,分析敌情。
4)Thus, I wrote "Spain in Arms, 1937" and saw China in revolution in 1925-27, and later in war with Japan.这样,我就写了《战斗中的西班牙(一九三七年)》。
我也看到了一九二五年至一九二七年正在革命的中国,后来又看到了正同日本作战的中国。
2. 重复英语中作表语的名词1)He became an oil baron -- all by himself.他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王。
2)This has been our position -- but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
3)John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。
3. 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用前置词,而将第二个、第三个前置词前的名词省略,翻译时则往往要把此名词重复。
1)The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践,会比从1700个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
2.十种翻译技巧了解完四种翻译方法后,我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧,即重复法(repetition),增词法(amplification),省略法(omission),词类转换法(conversion),词序调整法(inversion),拆译法(division),正说反译和反说正译法(negation),语态变换法(voice changes),引申法和句子成分转译法。
2.2.1重复法(repetition)重复法(repetition)是在翻译中,为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确,文字通顺、流畅,符合目的语习惯的文字,而将某一部分文字反复使用的翻译技巧。
例子:1. You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary manin the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they’ll understand and see that you’re speaking to th em in German. (重复谓语动词)你一定要问一问家庭主妇们,问一问街头玩耍的孩子,问一问集市上做买卖的百姓,听听他们说些什么,他们如何说,你就如何译;这样他们就会理解,就会明白:你是在用德语和他们讲话。
2. We have to analyze and solve problems. (重复宾语)我们必须分析问题,解决问题。
3. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. (重复省略的部分) 无知是畏惧之源,羡慕之根。
4. But we still have defects, and very big ones. (指代内容的重复)但我们仍有不足,而且是很大的不足。
重译法Repetition (重译法)1.重复名词⼤家都知道,英语句中若两个动词共⽤⼀个宾语,宾语只在第⼆个动词之后出现⼀次。
⽽在汉语中,这样的宾语要在每个动词后出现,定语后的名词也如此。
重复动词后的宾语名词,如:1). We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。
2). Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修改安全规则和卫⽣规则吧。
重复英语中作表语的名词1). John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友,⼜是我的朋友。
2). This has been our position –but not theirs.这⼀直是我们的⽴场——⽽不是他们的⽴场。
3). He became an enterpriser—all by himself.他成为⼀个企业家——⼀个⽩⼿起家的企业家。
重复英语中省略的名词,起到强调和明确的作⽤,更符合译语习惯1). I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.我已经提前完成了交给我的⼯作,他也提前完成了交给他的⼯作。
2). Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.⽆知是恐惧的根源,也是敬佩的根源。
3). Before liberation many people could not read or write.解放前,许多⼈不会读书,也不会写字。
4). But we still have defects, and very big ones.但是我们还是有缺点的,⽽且还有很⼤的缺点。
5). The story of John is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destroyed by the capitalist.约翰的故事是⼀篇充满呻吟和泪⽔的故事,是资本家摧残不幸的⼈们的故事。
翻译常用的八种技巧一、常用的翻译技巧1. 重复法(repetition)2. 增译法(amplification)3. 减译法(omission)4. 词类转移法(conversion)5. 词序调整法(inversion)6. 分译法(division)7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation)8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices)1. 重复法汉语重复,英译时也重复;根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性.We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。
Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace.先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。
Nels had it all written out neatly.纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。
青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。
Green grows the grass upon the bank,The willow shoots are long and lank.2. 增译法为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法.增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。
英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。
从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。
I am looking forward to the holidays.我们等待假日的到来。
Much of our morality is customary.我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。
翻译技巧之重复法重复法是指在译文中适当地重复原文中出现过的词语,以使意思表达得更加清楚;或者进一步加强语气,突出强调某些内容,收到更好的修辞效果。
下面就一起来看看具体的重复法翻译技巧吧!翻译技巧之重复法1一、重复名词1.重复英语中作宾语的名词Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.他们不太愿意推迟这个会议或者取消这个会议。
2.重复英语中作表语的名词This has been our position—but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。
3.重复英语介词前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用介词,而将第二个、第三个介词前的名词省略,翻译时则往往可以重复这些省略的名词。
The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践,地比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
4.重复定语从句中作先行词的名词英语定语从句常用关系词引导,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(通常是名词、名词短语或代词),一方面在从句中担任一个成分。
汉语中没有关系词,往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。
He gave ma a book which I kept to this day.他曾经送给我一本书。
这本书我一直保存至今。
Yesterday afternoon, I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.昨天下午,我遇到了一位老朋友。
第23卷 第4期2007年8月 忻州师范学院学报J O U R N A L O F X I N Z H O U T E A C H E R S U N I V E R S I T Y V o l.23 N o.4 A u g.2007 汉英翻译中重复的处理李丽梅(济源职业技术学院,河南济源454650)摘 要:就表达方式而言,汉语多重复,英语多变化。
重复在汉语中出现的频率要远远高于英语,因此在汉英翻译中常常遇见重复这一修辞手段,翻译时又不能一一对等,文章从显性重复和隐性重复两个方面阐述如何处理这一问题。
关键词:重复;显性;隐性;翻译中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1671-1491(2007)04-0061-03 翻译是一个不断创新和精益求精的过程,也是一个永无止境和永存遗憾的事业,单就翻译中的重复问题,就是一个值得认真研究的课题。
唯其如此,我们就应该兢兢业业,不断学习,不断进取,力求使翻译走向完美。
本文就汉语多重复,英语多变化这一特点,从显性重复和隐性重复两个方面分别阐述汉英翻译时如何处理这一问题。
1 显性重复的处理1.1 当重复作为强调修辞手段时为表示强凋、突出重点,加强语气、加深印象、创造特别的意境、形成特殊的节奏,汉译英时就要保留这一手段,这样才能准确传达原文的意思,保持原文的风格。
这常见于某些较严肃的文学作品、诗歌、谚语或政策性文件。
例如:一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。
O n e b o y i s a b o y,t w o b o y s h a l f a b o y,t h r e e b o y s n o b o y.以眼还眼,以牙还牙。
E y e f o r e y e,t o o t hf o r t o o t h.然而现在呢,只有寂静和空虚依旧,子君却决不再来了,而且永远,永远地!(鲁迅《伤逝》)N o wt h e r e i s o n l y t h e o l d s i l e n c e a n d e m p t i n e s s.T z r-c h u n w i l l n o t c o m ea g i n,———n e v e r,n e v e r a g a i n.(杨宪盖,戴乃迭译)该句的重复调强主人公的悲叹和无奈。