Developing Parallel Real-Time Applications in the Hamlet Application Design Language

As an applicant to your University's Graduate program in Computer Science, I am very glad to have an opportunity in introducing my study objectives to you.I majored in Computer Science and Technology. During my undergraduate studies, I acquired a comprehensive knowledge of computer hardware in all its complexity. I also learnt of diverse software and their applications. The courses were as follows: Operating Systems, Data Structures, Compilers, Software Engineering, Programming Languages and Practice, DBMS, System Programming and Practice, Data Communication, Digital Logic Design , C or JAVA programming, object oriented programming as well as programming using different tools and so on.作为贵校的计算机科学研究生课程的申请人，我很高兴有一个机会介绍我的研究目标。

我的专业是计算机科学与技术。

在我的本科学习，我获得了计算机硬件的相应复杂全面的知识，我也学到了不同的软件及其应用。

这些课程如下：操作系统，数据结构，编译器，软件工程，编程语言和应用，数据库管理系统，系统编程与实践，数据通信，数字逻辑设计，C和java语言编程，面向对象编程等。

考研词频统计（频率顺序排列）1.此文档的词汇是2009-2014年考研英语中出现的所有词汇（人名地名除外）2.十次一下词汇后不标注次数，以颜色区分3.若考纲中有词未出现在此文档中则其频率为零the 1599of 921a 831to 801and 551in 534that 397is 357be 318for 257it 214are 214as 213on 197many 196have 168with 163by 147not 131from 123they 120their 114but 114we 112an 109has 104at 103one 101or 97do 97can 84which 81about 78social 74our 74all 73its 73what 71should 65you 63 paragraph 62 your 62text 60 media 58 new 58who 56little 54his 54state 54 other 53 such 52so 52would 51will 51when 51 point 5 people 51 change 50 may 49only 48 good 47part 47 there 47 year 47 education 46 he 46 following 46 some 44 tham 44 them 43 write 43 these 43no 43out 43 answer 42 think 41if 40say 40 accord 40 music 40 were 39 word 39company 38 into 38 world 38 business 37 public 37 American 37 also 36law 36 because 36 much 35 direction 35 use 35get 35 federal 35 those 35 child 34up 34study 34 research 33 life 33 science 33 way 33first 32long 32 even 32 market 32 seem 31like 31 influence30 consumer 29 give 29 human 29 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Introduction to Dynamic Parallelism Stephen JonesNVIDIA CorporationImproving ProgrammabilityDynamic Parallelism Occupancy Simplify CPU/GPU Divide Library Calls from Kernels Batching to Help Fill GPU Dynamic Load Balancing Data-Dependent ExecutionRecursive Parallel AlgorithmsWhat is Dynamic Parallelism?The ability to launch new grids from the GPUDynamicallySimultaneouslyIndependentlyCPU GPU CPU GPU Fermi: Only CPU can generate GPU work Kepler: GPU can generate work for itselfWhat Does It Mean?CPU GPU CPU GPU GPU as Co-ProcessorAutonomous, Dynamic ParallelismData-Dependent ParallelismComputationalPower allocated toregions of interestCUDA Today CUDA on KeplerDynamic Work GenerationInitial GridStatically assign conservativeworst-case gridDynamically assign performancewhere accuracy is requiredFixed GridCPU-Controlled Work Batching CPU programs limited by singlepoint of controlCan run at most 10s of threadsCPU is fully consumed withcontrolling launchesCPU Control Threaddgetf2 dgetf2 dgetf2CPU Control Threaddswap dswap dswap dtrsm dtrsm dtrsmdgemm dgemm dgemmCPU Control ThreadMultiple LU-Decomposition, Pre-KeplerCPU Control ThreadCPU Control ThreadBatching via Dynamic ParallelismMove top-level loops to GPURun thousands of independent tasksRelease CPU for other workCPU Control ThreadCPU Control ThreadGPU Control Threaddgetf2 dswap dtrsm dgemm GPU Control Thread dgetf2 dswap dtrsm dgemm GPU Control Threaddgetf2dswapdtrsmdgemmBatched LU-Decomposition, Kepler__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }Programming Model BasicsCode ExampleCUDA Runtime syntax & semantics__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }Code ExampleCUDA Runtime syntax & semanticsLaunch is per-thread__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }Code ExampleCUDA Runtime syntax & semanticsLaunch is per-threadSync includes all launches by any thread in the block__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }CUDA Runtime syntax & semanticsLaunch is per-threadSync includes all launches by any thread in the blockcudaDeviceSynchronize() does not imply syncthreadsCode Example__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }Code ExampleCUDA Runtime syntax & semanticsLaunch is per-threadSync includes all launches by any thread in the blockcudaDeviceSynchronize() does not imply syncthreadsAsynchronous launches only__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }Code ExampleCUDA Runtime syntax & semanticsLaunch is per-threadSync includes all launches by any thread in the blockcudaDeviceSynchronize() does not imply syncthreadsAsynchronous launches only(note bug in program, here!)__global__ void libraryCall(float *a,float *b, float *c) {// All threads generate datacreateData(a, b);__syncthreads();// Only one thread calls library if(threadIdx.x == 0) {cublasDgemm(a, b, c);cudaDeviceSynchronize();}// All threads wait for dtrsm__syncthreads();// Now continueconsumeData(c);} CPU launcheskernelPer-block datagenerationCall of 3rd partylibrary3rd party libraryexecutes launchParallel useof resultSimple example: QuicksortTypical divide-and-conquer algorithmRecursively partition-and-sort dataEntirely data-dependent executionNotoriously hard to do efficiently on Fermi3 2 6 3 9 14 25 1 8 7 9 2 58 3 2 6 3 9 1 4 2 5 1 8 7 9 2 58 2 1 2 1 2 36 3 94 5 8 7 9 5 8 3 6 3 4 5 8 7 58 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 8 9 95 eventually...Select pivot valueFor each element: retrieve valueRecurse sort into right-handsubsetStore left if value < pivotStore right if value >= pivotall done?Recurse sort into left-hand subset NoYes__global__ void qsort(int *data, int l, int r) {int pivot = data[0];int *lptr = data+l, *rptr = data+r;// Partition data around pivot valuepartition(data, l, r, lptr, rptr, pivot);// Launch next stage recursively if(l < (rptr-data))qsort<<< ... >>>(data, l, rptr-data); if(r > (lptr-data))qsort<<< ... >>>(data, lptr-data, r); }。

十大场景高频词汇场景一：租房及搬家(103)家具设备(49)drawer 抽屉dish 盘子the dishes 餐具dishwasher 洗碗机tap 水龙头sink 洗碗池spoon 调羹，勺子stove 炉子oven 烤箱alarm clock 闹钟CD player CD机stereo (system) 音响water heater 热水器vacuum cleaner 吸尘器coffee maker 咖啡机refrigerator/fridge 冰箱washing machine 洗衣机electric cooker 电灶gas cooker 煤气灶cooker hood 抽油烟机cassette recorder 录音机telephone 电话air-conditioner 空调central air-conditioner central heating 中央供暖系统electric fan 电扇microwave oven 微波炉radiator 暖气mobile phone 手机satellite TV 卫星电视cable TV 有线电视closed circuit TV 闭路电视carpet 地毯rug 小地毯curtain 窗帘bed linen 床单及枕套pillow case 枕套sheet 被单mattress 床垫pillow 枕头blanket 毯子towel 毛巾coffee table 茶几armchair 扶手椅sofa 长沙发cupboard 橱柜bath 浴缸shower 淋浴toilet 马桶租房要求(54)accommodation 住宿detached house 独立式住宅semi-detached house 半独立式flat/apartment 公寓dormitory/dorm 宿舍hostel 宿舍，招待所home stay 住在当地人家available （指物）可用的或可得到的，可入住的（房子）real estate agency/property agency 房屋中介land lord/lady 房东tenant 房客on lease/for rent 出租deposit 订金，押金rent 房租rental 租金额leak 漏水flicker 闪烁blackout 停电humid 潮湿的pet 宠物insurance 保险lift/elevator 电梯basement 地下室laundry 洗衣房burglar 入室抢劫者surroundings 环境rural 乡村的suburb 市郊outskirts 市区的外围地区urban 市镇的metropolis 大都市downtown 在市区，市区的furnished 房子有家具的unfurnished 房子不配家具的entrance 入口lobby 大厅porch 门廊balcony 阳台emergency/fire gate 紧急出口bed-sit 卧室兼起居室bedroom 卧室living room 起居室sitting room 起居室single room 单人间twin-room 双人间double bedroom 双人间bathroom 浴室kitchen 厨房study 书房garage 车库privacy 隐私residential number 住宅号码decorate 装饰free for heating 免费供暖场景二：求职与问路(80) 求职面试(41)volunteer 志愿者hire 雇用sack/fire 解雇position 职位vacant position 空缺职位replacement 代替者applicant 申请人curriculum vitae/resume 履历job interview 求职面试personnel manager 人事经理recruit 招聘full-time job 全职工作part-time job 兼职工作contract 合同day shift 日班night shift 夜班unsocial hours 非正常工作时间（如早班，晚班）shift work 倒班routine work 例行公事/日常工作commission 佣金pension 退休金payment 报酬salary 薪水wage 工资bonus 奖金welfare 福利client 客户cashier 收银员designer 设计师accountant 会计engineer 工程师window dressing 布置橱窗stock market 股票市场name badge 名字胸章challenging 富有挑战性的stimulating 刺激的interesting 有趣的full of adventure 充满冒险的disabled/handicapped 残疾的council 委员会register 登记identity 身份D.O.B./Date of Birth 出生年月日问路/方位(39)clockwise 顺时针方向的anti-/counter-clockwise direction 逆时针方向on the left/right 在左/右边turn (to the) left/right 向左/右转around (the corner) to theleft/right 在拐弯处向左/右转front 前面behind 在后面beside 在旁边opposite 在对面be on the corner of …street and …avenue 在…街和…街的拐角处parallel 平行的cross 交叉的corridor 走廊path 小路passage 通道aisle 过道step 台阶signpost 路标arrow 箭头escalator 滚梯pedestrian/pavement/sidewalk 人行道zebra crossing 斑马线crosswalk 人行横道overpass 立交桥underpass 地下通道crossroad/junction 十字路口T-junction 丁字路口road 路street 街avenue/boulevard 大街，林荫道lane （乡间）小路，巷子drive （通往住宅的）私人车道square 广场ground floor 首层wing 配楼（与主楼相连）landmark 标志性建筑gym 健身房nursery 托儿所department store 百货商店场景三：办理银行业务(32)bank transfer 银行转账loan 贷款student debt 学生借贷cash 现金currency 流通货币bill/note 纸币coin 硬币cheque/check 支票chequebook/checkbook 支票本traveller’s cheque 旅行支票credit card 信用卡Master Card 万事达卡Visa Card 维萨卡American Express Card 美国运通卡account 账户PIN number 密码activate 激活deposit 存withdraw 取bank statement 银行对账单interest rate 利率ATM/Automatic Teller Machine 自动取款机overdraft 透支mortgage 抵押贷款net 净余的gross 总的interest 利息branch 分支，支行eligible 合格的individual circumstances 个人情况documentation 文件money order 汇票场景四：度假与旅行(131) 度假注意事项(24)casual clothes 休闲服装visa 签证extension 延期non-open time 非对外开放时间jellyfish 水母sunblock/sunscreen 防晒霜sunburnt 晒黑的tan 日晒后的颜色bather 泳衣trunks 泳裤sunglasses 太阳镜tent 帐篷picnic 帐篷expedition 远征，考察excursion 远足，短程旅行get lost 迷路compass 指南针helmet 头盔torch/flashlight 手电筒mosquito 蚊子insect 昆虫repellent 驱虫剂hiking boots 登山靴socks 短袜度假概况(24)recreation娱乐leisure activity 休闲活动hectare 公顷acre 英亩brochure 旅游介绍的小册子directory 目录voyage 航行backpack 双肩背包tour package 背包游go camping 宿营vacant seat 空座extra charge 额外收费heritage 遗产travel agency 旅行社in advance 事先book 预订reservation （旅馆房间等）预定，预约schedule 时间表fare 票款commence the tour 开始旅行cycling route 骑车路线survival 生存embassy 大使馆passport 护照driving license 驾照expire （驾照、护照等）过期度假地(33)resort 胜地southern hemisphere 南半球cave 洞穴cathedral 大教堂castle 城堡botanical garden 植物园safari park （可开车四处观赏的）野生动物园wild-life zoo 野生动物园national park 国家公园bird watching （在大自然中）对鸟的观察研究exhibition 展览会，展览reproduction 复制品sculpture 雕塑rain forest 雨林museum 博物馆art gallery 画廊souvenir 纪念品beach 海滩coast 海岸harbor 海港surfing 冲浪scuba-diving 深水潜水diving gear 潜水设备skiing 滑雪Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院Stonehenge 巨石阵cliff 悬崖ancient 古代的reception 接待demonstration 示范表演local guide 当地导游historical interest 历史景观stadium 体育场Olympic 奥林匹克的度假住处(8)sleeping bag 睡袋Lodge 乡间小舍motel 汽车旅馆hostel 青年旅社cottage 村舍inn 客栈B&B=bed and breakfast 旅游者住在当地人家里，提供床铺和早餐的住房服务cabin 小木屋交通工具(28)mountain bike 山地车bus route map 公交线路图hiking 徒步旅行hitch-hike 搭便车旅行back-packer 背包自助旅行的人coach 长途汽车off-road 越野的four-wheel drive 四轮驱动caravan 房车express (train) 快车economy class 经济舱petrol英=gasoline美汽油cable car 缆车tram 有轨电车trolley 无轨电车shuttle 往返机车taxi/cab 出租车lorry/truck 卡车underground/subway/tube/metr o 地铁ferry 渡轮cruise 游轮wheel 轮子tyre 轮胎make 牌子brake 刹车horn 喇叭gear 车档license plate number 车牌号气候情况(6)chilly 寒冷的humid 潮湿的arid 干旱的mild 温和的tropical 热带的equator 赤道货币(8)currency 流通货币dollar 美元cent 分pound 英镑penny/pence 便士Japanese yen 日元Euro 欧元buck 美元场景五：食物与健康(129) 食物(69)canteen 小卖部，食堂refectory=cafeteria 自助餐厅，食堂buffet 自助餐barbecue 烧烤snack bar 零食店candy bar 糖果店vending-machine 自动售货机spicy/hot 辛辣的chilli 辣椒sweet 甜的sour 酸的bitter 苦的salty 咸味浓的cheese 奶酪red meat 红肉garden salad 蔬菜沙拉fish & chips 炸鱼和土豆条snack 小吃，快餐refreshment 点心pork 猪肉steak 肉排，牛排sandwich 三明治nut 坚果burger/hamburger 汉堡包appetizer 开胃菜main course 主菜dessert 餐后甜点beverage 饮料vegetarian 素食的，素食者sea food 海鲜take-away 外卖drive-in 免下车路边餐厅pub 酒馆，客栈instant coffee 速溶咖啡espresso 蒸馏咖啡，浓咖啡cappuccino 热牛奶咖啡mineral water 矿泉水wine 葡萄酒black tea 红茶skimmed milk 脱脂牛奶yogurt 酸奶curry 咖喱ginger 姜ketchup 调味番茄酱vinegar 醋toast 吐司soup 汤egg plant 茄子broccoli 西兰花cauliflower 菜花celery 芹菜spinach 菠菜cucumber 黄瓜mushroom 蘑菇pumpkin 南瓜lettuce 生菜pea 豌豆lemon 柠檬chewing gum 口香糖fruit juice 水果汁calorie 卡路里calcium 钙fat 脂肪vitamin 维生素protein 蛋白质nutrient 营养物质indigestion 消化不良tissue 组织healthy diet pyramid 健康饮食金字塔健康(60)lung 肺chest 胸腔，胸膛infection 感染yellow fever 黄热病hay fever 枯草热vaccine 疫苗injection 注射chemist/pharmacy/drug store 药店allergy 过敏leprosy 麻风病epidemic 流行的，传染的，流行病chronic 慢性的precaution 预防flu/influenza 流行性感冒ulcer 溃疡clinic 诊所hospital 医院first-aid 急救的patient 病人dentist 牙科医生surgeon 外科医生physician 内科医生drowsy 昏昏欲睡的sore 疼痛的stuffy 窒息的dizzy 晕headache 头痛cough 咳嗽pulse 脉搏blood pressure 血压symptom 症状ward 病房life expectancy 预期寿命prescription 处方penicillin 青霉素aspirin 阿司匹林antibiotic 抗生素pill 药丸tablet 药片herb 草药capsule 胶囊ointment 药膏drop 滴剂poisoning 中毒remedy 治疗法therapy 疗法checkup 身体检查insomnia 失眠arthritis 关节炎fatigue 疲劳twist 扭伤swell 肿胀bruise 瘀伤sneeze 打喷嚏diarrhea 痢疾，腹泻diagnosis 诊断dosage 剂量immune system 免疫系统psychological 心理的场景六：报到、注册与选课(137) 学校概况(64)institute 学院freshman 大一学生sophomore 大二学生junior 大三学生senior 大四学生undergraduate 本科在读生postgraduate 研究生commission 委员会kindergarten 幼儿园student union 学生会facility 设备semester/term 学期assessment 评估secondary education 中等教育higher education/tertiary education 高等教育adult education 成人教育open admission 免试入学制preparatory 预备的graduate school 研究生院open university 夜大，函大fieldwork 实地调查School of Arts and Sciences 文理学院auditor/guest student 旁听生boarder 住宿生bachelor 学士master 硕士doctor 博士alumnus/alumna 男/女校友Alma Mater 母校graduation appraisal 毕业评估graduationceremony/commencement 毕业典礼diploma/graduation certificate 毕业证书degree 学位certificate 证书qualification 资格expert 专家consultant 顾问faculty 教职工的总称teaching assistant 助教dean 学校分院长，系主任principal/president 校长coordinator 协调人lecturer 讲师associate professor 副教授professor 教授school counselor 校辅导员supervisor 论文指导老师career advisor 职业指导员adviser/mentor 导师coeducation 男女同校制度primary/elementary school 小学junior high school 初中senior high school 高中attached middle school 附中technical school 技校polytechnic 理工学院key school 重点中学letter of recommendation 推荐信sponsor 赞助人grant 拨款tuition 学费loan 贷款scholarship 本科奖学金fellowship 研究生奖学金入学报到(26)orientation 新生熟悉情况enrollment 注册，入学register/enroll 登记，报到opening ceremony 开学典礼recreation center 娱乐中心application form 申请表book list 书单give confirmation 确认conference room 会议室overhead projector 投影仪attendance 出勤exemption 免修resit 重考，补考report 报告reference （向读者指示参考书，文章等的）附注，旁注bibliography 书目，索引，文献plagiarism 剽窃，抄袭cheat 作弊auditorium 大礼堂drop out 辍学curriculum 课程syllabus 大纲credit point 学分credit system 学分制score 分数，成绩campus 校园venue 场地teaching facilities 教学设施选课(47)beginner course 入门课foundation/basic course 基础课elementary course 初级课secondary course 中级课intermediate 中级的advanced 高级的compulsory course/required course 必修课optional course/elective course 选修课specialized course 专业课general course 公共课major 主修minor 辅修archaeology 考古学architecture 建筑学astronomy 天文学agriculture 农业geography 地理学geology 地质学chemistry 化学micro-biology 微生物学marine-biology 海洋生物学hospitality 酒店管理botany 植物学zoology 动物学ecology 生态学electronics 电子学mathematics/maths 数学statistics 统计学genetics 遗传学physiology 生理学literature 文学philosophy 哲学history 历史art 艺术，美术sociology 社会学linguistics 语言学psychology 心理学engineering 工程学business 商务，商业law 法学economics 经济学finance 金融学accounting 会计学banking 银行学physics 物理学anthropology 人类学politics 政治学场景七：图书馆、电脑室(81) 图书馆(47)inquiry desk 咨询台folder 文件夹touch-screen information service 触摸信息屏extension 续借后的延长期renew(al) 续借due 到期的overdue 过期的expiry 到期catalogue under title/author 书名目录/著者目录fiction/non-fiction 小说类/非小说类reference book 工具书encyclopedia 百科全书atlas 地图册magnetically coded 磁化的，有条形码的demagnetize 消磁available 可借阅的in stock 有存货，图书馆有stack 书库，书架open shelf 开架书Closed Reserved 非外借图书处out on loan 借出去了reservation list 预约单prospectus 学校介绍，学生手册index 索引front/back cover 封面/封底fly leaf 扉页retrieval 检索audio visual resource center 视听资料室reprint 再版volume 卷abstract 摘要borrow 借用lend/loan 借给newspaper 报纸journal 杂志periodical 期刊category 类别fine 罚款check out 登记并借出return 归还information desk 服务台library card 借书证current/back issues 即期/过期刊物librarian 图书馆员student card 学生证loan period 借书期circulation desk 借书台电脑室(34)internet 互联网website 站点laser printer 激光打印机access to 连接（网络）attachment 附件jam 使塞满，堵塞copier 复印机fax machine 传真机hardware 硬件software 软件network 网络hard disk 硬盘monitor 监视器screen 屏幕keyboard 键盘mouse 鼠标setup 安装uninstall 卸载operation system 操作系统program 程序word/data processing 文字/数据处理user 用户click 点击update 更新manual 指南menu 菜单password 口令virus 病毒web page 网页online 在线email 电子邮件firewall 防火墙log on 登录laptop 笔记本电脑场景八：学习经验交流(35)cram 突击式学习（尤指为应考）distinction 优异pass 及格fail 不及格core books 核心书目motivation 动机handout 分发的印刷品assignment 作业presentation 课堂上专题发言project 课题participation 课堂参与情况，参与tutorial 个别辅导，讨论课office hour （教授与学生）面谈的时间final-examination 期末考核quiz 小测验oral test 口试open-book exam 开卷考pop test 抽考placement test 入学分级考试aptitude test 学能测试discipline 科目English proficiency 英语流利程度supplementary reading material补充阅读材料prescribed textbook 指定课本methodology 方法学debate 辩论seminar 研讨课lecture 讲座schedule/school timetable 课程表course arrangement 课程安排summary 小结repetition 重复review promptly 即时复习attend lecture 参加讲座notice board/bulletin board 公告场景九：学术报告与论文撰写(34)paper/thesis/dissertation 毕业论文essay 短论文draft 草稿deadline 截止日期extension 延期defense 答辩outline 大纲chapter 章research 研究feedback 反馈poll 民意调查survey 调查analyze data 分析数据questionnaire 调查问卷case study 案例调查observation 观察hypothesis 假设statistics 统计valid/invalid 有效的/无效的data/datum 数据investigation 调查open question 开放性问题quantitative 定量的qualitative 定性的significant difference 显著差异interview 访谈respondent/interviewee 被调查者multiple choice question 多项选择题result 结果conclusion 结论interpretation 解释，阐释opinion 观点random selection 随意选取sample 样品，标本，例子场景十：学术讲座(141) 动植物(45)mammal 哺乳动物life cycle 生命周期breed （使）繁殖；品种smelly 发臭的，有臭味的cage 笼子hen 母鸡goat 山羊killer whale 食人鲸pigeon 鸽子squirrel 松鼠swan 天鹅ape 猿frog 青蛙crocodile 鳄鱼kangaroo 袋鼠koala 考拉lizard 蜥蜴ostrich 鸵鸟penguin 企鹅dolphin 海豚whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼bat 蝙蝠dinosaur 恐龙hours 马lion 狮子elephant 大象parrot 鹦鹉snake 蛇tiger 虎migrant bird 候鸟cattle 牛livestock 牲畜endangered species 濒危物种rare species 稀有物种fin 鳍tail 尾巴scale 鳞片fur 毛皮feather 羽毛kelp 海藻，海藻灰（可提取碘的）palm 棕榈pine 松树bloom 开花seed 种子环境(35)loss of soil 土地流失fossil 化石costal 沿海的recycle 再循环waste disposal 废物处理rubbish 垃圾contaminant 污染物fertile soil 沃土fertilizer 化肥evaporate 蒸发irrigation 灌溉solar power 太阳能nuclear power 核能alternative energy 可替代能源carbon dioxide 二氧化碳aluminum 铝population density 人口密度pollution 污染sewage 污水排放consumption 消耗greenhouse effect 温室效应El Nino 厄尔尼诺ozone layer 臭氧层preservation 保存pollutant 污染物environment 环境resource 资源recycling 再循环criterion 标准generation of electricity 发电boom 繁荣sprawl 蔓延wetland 沼泽地marsh 湿地distribution 分布考古(15)tribe 部落profile 外形，轮廓pottery 陶器storehouse/warehouse 仓库craft 手工业，手艺fossil 化石texture 质地conservation 保存flourish 繁荣，茂盛raw material 原材料migration 移民toe 脚趾bacteria 细菌amber 琥珀precious stone 宝石课题报告(46)ageing population 人口老龄化settlement 殖民地innovation 革新commercialization 商业化globalization 全球化utilize 利用moisture 潮湿season 风化timber 木料treaty 条约military 军事的milestone 里程碑internal clock 生物钟charity 慈善depression 抑郁raise 筹集current affair 时事small scale 小规模mature 成熟的container 容器advertisement 广告domestic 国内的slang 俚语expected 预期的duration 持续时间detail 细节approval 正式批准strike 罢工flexibility 弹性，适应性velvet 天鹅绒reinforce 加强donation 捐款，捐赠public awareness 公众意识robot 机器人crisis 关键时刻，危机tunnel 隧道capital 首都，大写字母，资本abuse 滥用，虐待mass media 大众传媒maximum 最大量minimum 最小量juvenile 青少年vote 投票monopoly 垄断telescope 望远镜galaxy 星系，银河其他场景词汇(181) 机场(22)flight number 航班号book the ticket 订票take off 起飞land 降落check in 办理登记手续charter flight 包机book in advance 事先预定make a reservation/book 预定runway 飞机跑道baggage/luggage 行李baggage reclaim 行李提取处departure lounge 候机厅destination 目的地bound for 去，准备去crew 机组成员pilot 驾驶员flight attendant 空中乘务员international/domesticarrival/departure 国际/国内到/出港customs 海关duty-free shop 免税店economy class 经济舱first class 头等舱business class 商务舱体育运动(42)tennis 网球table tennis 乒乓球polo 马球water polo 水球skiing 滑雪water skiing 划水Gym 健身房yoga 瑜伽cycling 骑自行车jogging 慢跑weight training 力量性训练aerobics 有氧操stadium 体育场hi-tech fitness center 高科技健身中心squash 壁球cricket 板球rugby 橄榄球golf 高尔夫球bowling 保龄球billiard house 台球厅snooker 斯诺克hockey 曲棍球ice hockey 冰球skating 滑冰roller blade 直排轮滑badminton 羽毛球baseball 棒球beach volleyball 沙滩排球football 足球treadmill 跑步机track and field 田径tournament 联赛athlete 运动员referee 裁判coach 教练cheer leader 拉拉队长martial arts 武术wrestling 摔跤judo 柔道karate 空手道box 拳击canoeing 划独木舟艺术(20)circus 马戏acrobatics 杂技magic/trick 魔术ballet 芭蕾mime 哑剧comedy 喜剧comedian 喜剧演员guitar 吉他release 发行blockbuster 大片folk song 民歌classic music 古典音乐documentary 纪录片thriller 惊悚片TV chat show 电视聊天节目subtitle 电影字幕concert 演唱会spectator 观众audience 听众sound effect 声效灾难(29)air-crash 空难drought 干旱flood 洪水earthquake 地震volcano 火山tidal wave 海啸hurricane 飓风typhoon 台风disaster 灾难disease 疾病plague 瘟疫death toll/fatality 死亡数news bulletin 新闻公告financial assistance 经济援助rescue 援救wreckage 残骸fire brigade 消防队medical team 医疗队survivor 幸存者hotline 热线ambulance 救护车fire engine 救火车police car 警车theft 偷窃panic 恐慌priority 优先权illegal 非法的cop 警察capital punishment 死刑人物(68)over-weight 胖的sturdy 壮stout 结实的chubby 圆胖的plump 丰满的medium-built 中等身材的slender 苗条的lean 瘦的blond 金发的straight 直发的curly 卷发的beard 下巴上的胡子moustache 嘴巴上的胡子bald 谢顶的dye 染发wig 假发contact lens 隐形眼镜hat 礼帽cap 棒球帽umbrella 伞cane/stick 拐杖dimple 酒窝pimple 青春痘freckle 雀斑mole 痣wrinkle 皱纹chin 下巴cheek 面颊forehead 前额blouse 女士衬衫beauty spot 美人痣scar 疤痕short hair 短发long hair 长发tall/high 高short 矮thin 瘦的average height 平均高度wear a tie 戴领带bow tie 领结T-shirt T恤衫pullover 套头毛衣sweater/jersey 套头衫，运动衫suit 西服/套装jumper 套头外衣trousers 裤子jeans 牛仔裤sandals 凉鞋jewelry 珠宝laugher lines 笑纹thick eyebrows 浓眉long eyelashes 长睫毛high lined forehead 大脑门high cheek bones 高颧骨full lips 厚嘴唇turned-up nose 翘鼻double chin 双下巴crew cut 平头formal clothes 正装casual clothes 休闲服polo shirt 马球衫jacket 夹克sportswear 运动服raincoat 雨衣loose 宽松的tight 紧绷的ponytail 马尾辫pal 朋友。

java面试题英文Java Interview QuestionsIntroduction:In recent years, Java has become one of the most popular programming languages worldwide. Its versatility and wide range of applications have made it a sought-after skill in the IT industry. As a result, job interviews often include a section dedicated to Java. In this article, we will explore some commonly asked Java interview questions and provide detailed explanations and solutions. Whether you are a seasoned developer or preparing for your first Java interview, this article will help you enhance your knowledge and boost your confidence.1. What is Java?Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. It was designed to be platform-independent, which means Java programs can run on any operating system that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Java consists of a compiler, runtime environment, and a vast library, making it a powerful tool for building a wide range of applications.2. Explain the difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM.JDK (Java Development Kit) is a software package that includes the necessary tools for developing, compiling, and running Java applications. It consists of the Java compiler, debugger, and other development tools.JRE (Java Runtime Environment) is a software package that contains the necessary components to run Java applications. It includes the JVM and a set of libraries required to execute Java programs.JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is a virtual machine that provides an execution environment for Java programs. It interprets the Java bytecode and translates it into machine code that can be executed by the underlying operating system.3. What is the difference between a class and an object?In object-oriented programming, a class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the properties and behaviors that an object will possess. An object, on the other hand, is an instance of a class. It represents a specific entity or concept and can interact with other objects.4. What are the features of Java?Java is known for its robustness, portability, and security. Some key features of Java include:- Object-oriented: Java follows the object-oriented programming paradigm, allowing developers to build modular and reusable code.- Platform-independent: Java programs can run on any platform that has a JVM, including Windows, Mac, and Linux.- Memory management: Java has automatic memory management through garbage collection, which helps in deallocating memory occupied by unused objects.- Exception handling: Java provides built-in mechanisms for handling exceptions, ensuring the smooth execution of programs.- Multi-threading: Java supports concurrent programming through multi-threading, allowing programs to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.5. Explain the concept of inheritance in Java.Inheritance is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming, where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class, known as the superclass or base class. The class that inherits these properties is called the subclass or derived class. In Java, inheritance allows code reuse, promotes modularity, and enables hierarchical classification of objects.There are several types of inheritance in Java, including single inheritance (where a class inherits from only one superclass) and multiple inheritance (where a class inherits from multiple superclasses using interfaces).6. What is the difference between method overloading and method overriding?Method overloading refers to the ability to have multiple methods with the same name but different parameters within a class. The methods can have different return types or different numbers and types of arguments. The compiler determines which method to call based on the arguments provided during the method call.Method overriding, on the other hand, occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation for a method that is already defined in its superclass. The signature of the overridden method (name, return type, and parameters)must match exactly with that of the superclass. The overridden method in the subclass is called instead of the superclass's method when invoked.Conclusion:In this article, we have explored some common Java interview questions and provided detailed explanations and solutions. Understanding these concepts will not only help you ace your Java interview but also enhance your overall programming skills. Remember to practice coding and explore real-world scenarios to strengthen your understanding of Java. Good luck with your Java interviews!。

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1地名&地址词汇一、地址post code、zip code、road 、avenue、street、lane、drive、square boulevard、circus二、地名（一）英国（大不列颠）U.K./the United Kingdom/Great Britain London 伦敦、England 英格兰、Liverpool 利物浦、Manchester 曼彻斯特、Sheffield 谢菲尔德、Birmingham伯明翰、Coventry 考文垂、Leeds 利兹、Scotland 苏格兰、Glasgow 格拉斯哥、Edinburgh 爱丁堡、Wales 威尔士、Cardiff 加的夫 / 卡迪夫、Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰、Belfast 贝尔法斯特、Bristol 布里斯托尔、Bath 巴斯（二）爱尔兰 IrelandDublin 都柏林（三）澳大利亚 AustraliaCanberra 堪培拉、Queensland 昆士兰州、Brisbane 布里斯班New South Wales 新南威尔士州、Sydney 悉尼、South Australia 南澳大利亚州、Adelaide 阿德莱德、Victoria 维多利亚州、Melbourne墨尔本、West Australia西澳大利亚州、Perth 珀斯（四）新西兰 New ZealandWellington 惠灵顿、Auckland 奥克兰（五）加拿大 CanadaOttawa 渥太华、British Columbia 不列颠哥伦比亚省Victoria 维多利亚、Vancouver 温哥华、Alberta 艾伯塔省、Edmonton 埃德蒙顿、Ontario 安大略省、Toronto 多伦多Quebec 魁北克省、Montreal 蒙特利尔（六）美国 United States of AmericaWashington D. C 华盛顿特区、New York 纽约、Boston 波士顿Atlanta 亚特兰大、Seattle 西雅图、Los Angeles/L.A. 洛杉矶Chicago 芝加哥、Detroit 底特律、Houston 休斯敦、Philadelphia费城、Alaska 阿拉斯加（七）其它Berlin 柏林、Rome罗马、Bali 巴厘岛、Malaysia 马来西亚Antarctic 南极区、Western Europe 西欧、Antarctic 南极洲2地图题clockwise、anti-/counter-clockwise direction、on the left/rightturn (to the)left/right、around(the corner) to the left/right front、behind、beside、be on the corner of …street and …avenue parallel、cross、corridor、path、passage、aisle、signpost、arrowelevator、escalator、pedestrian crossing、zebra crossing、crosswalkpelican crossing、pavement/sidewalk、overpass、underpass cloverleaf、road、street、lane、boulevard、drive、opposite step、intersection/crossroad /junction、T-junction、ground floorwing、annexe、landmark、nursery3机场场景flight number、book the ticket、take off、land、check in、charter flightbook in advance、make a reservation/book、runway、taxi、baggage reclaim、departure lounge、destination、bound for、crewpilot、flight attendant、steward/stewardess、nternational/domestic arrival/departure、customs、duty-free shopeconomy class、first class、business class4聚会活动（和吃喝有关的词汇）一、地点common room、canteen、refectory、driving-in restaurant、pub snack bar、candy bar、vending-machine二、味觉sweet、sour、bitter、salty三、食品cheese、red meat 、garden salad、fish&chips、snack、refreshment pork 、steak、sandwich、nut、vegetable burger/hamburger、appetizermain course、dessert、beverage、vegetarian、seafood 、take-away curry、yogurt、ginger、ketchup、vinegar、toast、soup、dough aubergine / egg plant、broccoli、cauliflower、celery、rape、spinachcucumber、mushroom、pumpkin、lettuce、asparagus、lentil、pea chewing gum、lemon、hot meal、espresso、cappuccino、mineral water、wine、black tea、skimmed milk、fruit juice四、其它calorie、calcium、sodium、fat、vitamin、protein、dietary fiber nutrient、cereal 、amino acid、metabolism、indigestion、tissuehealthy diet 、pyramid5旅游场景一、注意事项casual clothes、visa、extension、non-open time、jellyfish、sunblocksunburnt、tan、bather、trunks、sunglasses、tent、picnic、expedition、excursion 、get lost、compass、helmet、torch、mosquito、insectstinger、repellent、hiking boots、socks 、irritation二、度假概况recreation office、hectare、acre、grain、cereal、brochure、domesticbackpack、voyage、package tour、directory、leisure activity、excursion、profile、vacant seat、extra charge、heritage、travel agency、reservation、schedule、fare、commence the tour、handicapped、conference room、cycling route、survival、intact embassy、cot、leisure、itinerary、passport、driving license、expirego camping三、度假地southern hemisphere、cave、feed animal、safari park、bird watchingharbor、exhibition、reproduction、sculpture、diving gear、rain forestbeach、coast、vineyard、museum、souvenir、art gallery、surfing skiing、Great Barrier Reef、Sydney Opera House、Uluru、Stonehenge、wild-life zoo、national park、scuba-diving、resort Mecca、seven-screen cinema、fossil、cliff、swimming costume ancient、touch table、feature、forest、fishing farm、feed、receptionbotanical garden、cathedral、castle、picnic、tower、information boardin advance、book、safety helmet、cheese production、cost、dialextra pay、local guide、focus、historical interest、guided tour、sign name、notice board、industrial、formal park、stadium、rose gardengymnasium、café、facility、cycling、shelter、bank、unavailable organic farming、demonstration、survival course、route、charity special feature、wood-carving、weave四、度假住处sleeping bag、snorer、lodge、motel、hostel、cottage、innB&B(bed and breakfast)、cabin五、交通工具mountain bike、pannier、bus route map、wheelchair、hiking、hitch-hike、tractor、back-packer、platform、coach、off-road、four-wheel drive、caravan、express、petrol、commuter、cable car drop off、stern、mileage、double decker bus、tram、trolley、shuttletaxi/cab、lorry、truck、trailer、underground、subway、tube、metroferry、cruise、row、sun-shield、windscreen、wheel、steering wheel tyre、make、brake、horn、ignition、driving licence numberlicence plate number、alarm system、siren6求职场景volunteer、applicant、personnel manager、client、cashierdesigner、accountant、engineer、replacement、pianistsack、vacant position、job interview、full-time job、part-time jobrecruit、stock market、name badge、commission、day shift、night shift、shift work、window dressing、routine work、pension、salarywage、challenging、stimulating、interesting、full of adventure initial、gender、disabled/handicapped、unsocial hours、council、register、welfare、contract、bonus identity、community、D.O.B/ Date of Birth7图片题词汇一、身材over-weight、sturdy、stout、chubby、plump、medium-built、slender 、lean、tall、short、thin、average height二、头发blond、fair、straight、curly、wig、dye、crew cut、short spiky hair、ponytail、plait、pigtail、bun三、面部特征beard 、moustache、clean-shaven、bald、spectacles、contact lens、hat、cap、dimple、pimple、freckle、mole、wrinkle、chin、cheek、forehead、beauty spot、scar、laughter lines、thick eyebrows、high lined forehead、full lips、turned-up nose、double chin、high cheek bones四、服装配饰blouse、wear a tie、bow tie、T-shirt、pullover、sweater、suit、jumper、trousers、jeans、sandals、jewelry、formal clothes、casual clothespolo shirt、fancy dress、jacket、sportswear、raincoat、loose tight8医疗场景一、人物patient、dentist、surgeon二、病症infection、drowsy、yellow fever、hay fever、allergy、leprosy、epidemic、chronic、flu/ influenza、ulcer、dizzy、headache、cough、pulse、blood pressure、symptom、sore、stuffy、insomnia、arthritis、fatigue、twist、sprain、swell、bruise、sneeze、diarrhea、chronic三、药物pill、tablet、herb、capsule、vaccine、ointment、lozenge、syrup、drop、remedy、dosage、painkiller、sleeping pill、aspirin、antibiotic、prescription、penicillin、therapy四、其它lung 、chest、injection、optic examination、first-aid、pulse、blood pressure、check up、elbow、immune system、psychological9银行场景bank transfer、loan、student debt、cash、 currency、bill/note coin、cheque、chequebook、traveller’s cheque、credit card Master Card、Visa Card 、American Express Card、accountPINactivate、deposit、withdraw、bank statement、interest rate ATM（Automatic Teller Machine）、overdraft、mortgage、net gross、bonus、interest、branch、eligible、individual circumstancesdocumentation、money order、transfer10运动场景一、运动场所gym、stadium、hi-tech fitness center、billiard house、court club二、人物referee、coach、cheer leader三、运动项目tennis、table tennis、polo、water polo、skiing、water skiing、yogacycling、jogging、weight training、stadium、squash、cricket、rugbygolf、bowling、snooker、hockey、ice hockey、skating、roller blade、baseball、softball、beach volleyball、treadmill、track and field、tournament、martial arts、wrestling、judo、karate、box、canoeingbowling alley11租房场景一、家具设备（厨房设施是重点）alarm clock、CD player、drawer、water heater、vacuum cleaner、bed linen、electric cooker、gas cooker、cassette recorder、washing、machine、air-conditioner、central air-conditioning、central heating、electric fan、radiator、fire place、electric heater、carpet、rug、pillow case、sheet、mattress、bedspread、pillow、cushion、blanket、towel、coffee table、armchair、sofa、loan mower、bath、toilet、stove、utility、utensilcutlery、dish 、the dishes、dishwasher、kettle、spoon 、coffee maker、refrigerator / fridge、cooker hood、microwave oven、cupboard、stool、tap、sinktelephone、mobile phone、cellular phone、cordless phone、TV facilities、satellite TV、cable TV、antenna、closed circuit TV二、建筑物/房间类型attic、bunk-bed、twin-room、single room、double room、basement、semi-detached house、detached house、terrace、flat/apartment、dormitory/dorm、hostel、lobby、lift lobby、porch、balcony、bed-sit、bedroom、living room、sitting room、lounge、bathroom、kitchen、garage、cellar、accommodation、suite、study、laundry三、租房问题pipe leak、broken、flicker(flash)、cockroach、spider net、blackout、noisy、humid、pet、burglar四、人物real estate agency、property agency、landlord 、landlady、tenant client五、费用deposit、rent、rental、bill、fee、maximum、minimum五、其它curtain、fortnight、insurance、emergency/ fire gate、lift/ elevatorsurroundings、rural、suburb、outskirts、metropolis、cosmopolitan、downtown、furnished、unfurnished、entrance、shower、privacy、residential number、decorate、ornament、decoration、shutter、blinder、free for heating、incoming call12动植物场景一、动物mammal、hen 、goat、killer whale、pigeon、squirrel、swan、ape、frog、crocodile、kangaroo、koala、lizard、emu、ostrich、penguin、dolphin、whale、falcon、shark、bat、kiwi、reptile、toad、dinosaur、horse、rare lion、elephant、parrot、snake、tiger、marsupial、pouch、migrant bird、hard hoofed animal、cattle、livestock、fin、tail、scale、fur、feather二、植物kelp、sea urchin、palm、pine、rubber、bloom、seed、wood、plant、willow、crop、vegetation、planting、wildlife、grain、lemon、weed三、其它smelly、cage、life cycle、breed13环境场景一、灾难air-crash、drought、flood、earthquake、volcano、tidal wave、tornado/twister、hurricane、typhoon、disaster、disease、plague、casualty、death toll、fatality、news bulletin、financial assistance、rescue、wreckage、fire brigade、medical team、derail、survivor、toll-free number、hotline、ambulance、fire engine、police car、theft、burglar、panic、priority、illegal、double lock、cop、capital punishment二、环境问题loss of soil、rubbish、contaminant/ pollutant、contamination/pollutionpopulation density、sewage、consumption、carbon dioxide、greenhouse effect、EI Nino、ozone layer、sprawl、fertilizer、aluminium三、其它fossil、coastal、recycle、waste disposal、fertile soil、indigenous、evaporate、irrigation、solar power、nuclear power、preservationalternative energy、forestation、biodegradable、environment、resource、recycling、criterion、generation of electricity、reservoir、boom、wetland、marsh14考古场景tribe、Aztec、profile、pottery、storehouse/warehouse、craft、fossil、texture、conservation、flourish、raw materials、migration、toe、bacteria、amber、precious stone15图书馆场景一、使用item, lend/loan, return, overdue, fine (system), book (reserve)in advance (up to)二、资源resource, newspaper, magazine, journal, CD, DVD, videos, periodical, data base (access), references, (current issue/ back issue), encyclopedia, bibliography、 CD-ROM multimedia stack、open shelf、Closed Reserved、archives、volume、categoryatlas、fiction/non-fiction、almanac三、电脑机房Internet、website、computer terminal、laser printer、access to、attachment、jam、internet café、computer laboratory、printer、copier、fax machine、Macintosh、hardware、network、floppy disk、hard disk、CD-ROM、monitor、keyboard、mouse device、modem、。

Consolidate into PracticeIn today’s fast-paced world, knowledge acquisition has become easier than ever before. With the advent of the internet and technological advancements, information is readily available at our fingertips. However, the challenge lies in consolidating this knowledge and putting it into practice effectively. In this article, we will explore the importance of consolidating knowledge into practice and discuss strategies to achieve this goal.Why is it important to consolidate knowledge into practice?Consolidating knowledge into practice is crucial for several reasons: 1.Enhanced Understanding: Putting knowledge into practice helps usgain a deeper understanding of the subject matter. It allows us to apply theoretical concepts in real-world scenarios, enabling us to grasp the intricacies and nuances that textbooks often fail tocapture.2.Skill Development: Practice is essential for skill development.By applying knowledge in practical situations, we refine ourabilities and develop the expertise required to excel in ourchosen field. Whether it’s playing a musical instrument orsolving complex mathematical problems, practice is the key tomastery.3.Retention and Recall: Consolidating knowledge through practiceimproves our ability to retain and recall information. When weactively engage with the material, our brains form stronger neural connections, making it easier to retrieve the information later.4.Problem-Solving Abilities: The ability to solve problems is avaluable skill in any profession. Consolidating knowledge intopractice hones our problem-solving abilities by providing us with opportunities to apply what we have learned to real-lifechallenges.Strategies to consolidate knowledge into practiceNow that we understand the importance of consolidating knowledge into practice, let’s explore some strategies to achieve this goal effectively:1. Active Learning TechniquesActive learning techniques involve engaging with the material actively rather than passively absorbing information. Some effective active learning strategies include:•Discussion Groups: Participating in discussion groups allows us to exchange ideas, ask questions, and gain different perspectives on the subject matter. It promotes critical thinking and helpsconsolidate knowledge through active engagement.•Problem-Solving Exercises: Solving problems related to the topic at hand is an excellent way to consolidate knowledge. Itchallenges us to apply what we have learned and strengthens ourproblem-solving skills.•Real-World Applications: Whenever possible, try to connect the knowledge you acquire with real-world applications. This couldinvolve conducting experiments, simulations, or case studies that allow you to see the practical implications of the concepts youhave learned.2. Regular Practice SessionsConsolidating knowledge into practice requires regular and consistent effort. Set aside dedicated practice sessions to reinforce your understanding and skills. Here are some tips to make the most of your practice sessions:•Set Clear Goals: Define specific goals for each practice session.This will help you stay focused and measure your progress.•Break it Down: Break complex tasks or concepts into smaller, manageable chunks. This approach makes it easier to grasp andpractice each component individually before combining them.•Feedback and Reflection: Seek feedback from mentors, teachers, or peers to identify areas for improvement. Reflect on your practicesessions to identify strengths and weaknesses and adjust yourapproach accordingly.3. Application in Real-Life SituationsTo consolidate knowledge effectively, it is essential to apply it inreal-life situations. Here are some ways to do this:•Internships and Work Experience: Seek opportunities to gain practical experience in your field of interest. Internships andwork experience provide hands-on learning and allow you to applyyour knowledge in real-world contexts.•Projects and Experiments: Undertake projects or experiments related to the subject matter. This could involve creatingprototypes, conducting research, or analyzing data. The process of working on a project helps consolidate knowledge and providesvaluable practical experience.•Teaching or Mentoring: Explaining concepts to others is an effective way to consolidate knowledge. Teaching or mentoringothers not only reinforces your understanding but also helps youidentify any gaps in your knowledge.4. Continuous Learning and AdaptationConsolidating knowledge into practice is an ongoing process. As new information and advancements emerge, it is crucial to stay updated and adapt your practices accordingly. Here are some tips for continuous learning:•Stay Curious: Cultivate a curious mindset and a thirst for knowledge. Seek out new information, research, and exploredifferent perspectives to broaden your understanding.•Professional Development: Engage in professional development activities such as attending workshops, conferences, or onlinecourses. These opportunities provide exposure to the latest trends and practices in your field.•Reflect and Iterate: Regularly reflect on your practice and identify areas for improvement. Be open to feedback and adapt your approach as needed. Embrace a growth mindset that valuescontinuous learning and improvement.In conclusion, consolidating knowledge into practice is essential for deep understanding, skill development, and problem-solving abilities. By employing active learning techniques, regular practice sessions, real-life applications, and a commitment to continuous learning, we can bridge the gap between theory and practice effectively. So, let’s embrace these strategies and embark on a journey of consolidating knowledge into practice for personal and professional growth.。

1、被动语态英汉相比，英语多用被动语态，而汉语则少用，其愿因之一也许是汉语系意合语言，这个“被”字完全可以被“融化”掉。

此外，汉语表达被动的方式比较丰富。

下段共计14个谓语动词，竟用了13个被动语态。

As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.2、长句练习（1）There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.（2）Multitudes of bees used to bury themselves in the yellow blossoms of the summer squashes.This, too, was a deep satisfaction; although, when they had laden themselves with sweets, they flew away to some unknown hive, which could give back nothing in requital of what my garden had contributed.（3）Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the rapid development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.（4）The thought that she would be separated from husband during his long and dangerous journey saddened Mrs. Brown.技巧练习段落On one of those sober and rather melancholy days，in the latter part of Autumn，when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together，and throw a gloom over the decline of the year，I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey.There was something congenial to the season in the mournful magnificence of the old pile；and，as I passed its threshold，seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity，and losing myself among the shades of former agesGlobalization and Diversity, What Do They Mean for Translators?---Speech at the Opening Ceremony of FIT Fourth Asian Translator’s ForumFirst, I want to thank you, in my own name and in the name of the FIT Executive Committee, for your kind invitation. We come from different countries. Please let me introduce my colleagues of the executive committee of FIT: Ms. Bente Christensen from Norway, Vice President of FIT; Mr. Peter Krawutschke from the U.S., Treasure of FIT; Ms. Miriam Lee from Ireland, Secretary-General of FIT; Ms. Sheryl Hinkkanen from Finland, hostess of the next FIT World Congress in 2005. I am also happy to introduce Mr. Ari Penttilä, President of the Finnish Association of Translators and Interpreters. He will also wait for you at Tampere, Finland next year. We are all thrilled to be here, in a part of the world we do not visit very often.Our profession is growing. It is growing everywhere. The demand for our services is growing in volume because of globalization, and it is also growing in the number of languages translated because of emerging economies like yours, in China. For instance, Chinese is more and more in demand in the West Coast of Canada and a brand new TV Channel aimed at the Chinese community in France just hired 14 translators from Chinese to French. I really think this is a sign of vigor and health for the profession and, considering what has been done so far in China, it is probably not the last time we see each other.Globalization is not coming. It is upon us and we see it in the news everyday. It has meant, for our profession, the creation of international providers of translation services and of a new discipline called localization. These big translation companies have also created or are using new tools which enhance the translator’s performance, sometimes for the good, som etimes not. Sometimes, the translator is torn between conflicting requirements and is not given the right conditions to do a proper professional work. That is where professional associations and FIT have a role to play. They have to set guidelines for their members and their members’ clients so that translation is carried out professionally in order to avoid errors that can sometimes be fatal. We do not say it often enough, but a mistake in, say, assembly instructions of an electric device, can be very damaging, as can be an error in the numbers of a very important financial report. Professional translation is crucial as it is the warranty of good international communications, hence efficient trade and exchanges between countries and economies. It is our role,as associations, to make the public aware of the necessity of professional translation and to fight the belief that anyone who is bilingual can be a translator. If it were so easy, we would not have created university degrees, would we?We have to do it, and we have to do it together. That is the strength of FIT. All together, we have to convey the same message of quality and professionalism, through our associations, through the regional centers and through FIT as an international body.But globalization does not mean that we have to leave out culture and diversity. UNESCO has issued a Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity which, in the UNESCO General Secretary’s own words “aims both to preserve cultural diversity as a living, and thus renewable treasure that must not be perceived as being unchanging heritage but as a process guaranteeing the survival of humanity”.To me, diversity means first and foremost people understanding each other and exchanging. And how are they going to understand each other if not through translation and translators?Translation and translators are therefore going to be increasingly in demand in the years to come. That is why I am talking of a golden age for our profession. Never in history have we been so indispensable to trade, culture, peace, and humanity. However, translators in general are very discreet people and do not know how to market their skills. The nature of our work requires from us to render a message and disappear, so that the final reader does not realize it is a translation. We are so accustomed to disappear that we forget how indispensable we are.Just imagine one day in the world without translation. The United Nations, the World Trade Organization and all the NGOs, the transnational companies, TV channels, newspapers, etc. would all be mute. We are like the electricity in the wires and the water in the tap. They are so natural to most of us that it is only when they are unavailable that we realize how useful they are.Keep that in mind and spread the word!I want to wish you all a very fruitful and successful meeting, and thank again the Translators Association of China for their warm welcome and exquisite hospitality. Betty CohenPresident of the International Federation of Translators （FIT）直译与意译rules every achiever knowsThis might involve routine daily decisions—something as simple as skipping a favorite late-night TV show and getting to bed early, to be wide awake for a meeting the next morning. Or it might involve longer-term resolves. A young widow with three children decided to invest her insurance settlement in a college education for herself. She considered the realities of tight budget and little free time, but these seemed small sacrifices in return for the doors that a degree would open. Today she is a highly paid financial consultant.The secret of such commitment is getting past the drudgery and seeing the delight. “The fact is that many worthwhile endeavors aren’t fun,” say one syndicated radio and TV commentator. “True, all work and no play makes Johnny a dull boy. But trying to turn everything we do into play makes for terrible frustrations because life—even the most rewarding one—includes circumstances that aren’t fun at all. I like my job as a journalist. It’s personally satisfying, but it isn’t always fun.”翻译文体篇A：It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.B: The number of books in the library has been going down. Please make sure you know the rules for borrowing, and don’t forget that the library is for everyone’s convenience. So from now on, we’re going to enforce the rules strictly. You have been warned!本文作者是一位美国报纸专栏作家，幽默大师。