笔译冲刺班-英译汉第一课预习材料

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试口译、笔译冲刺班各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢新达雅翻译专修学校是中国外文局旗下专业的翻译教育机构，直属于中国外文局教育培训中心，是经市教委批准成立的社会力量办学事业单位，专门从事多语种口笔译培训。

2003年，国家人力资源和社会保障部推出全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试（CATTI），委托中国外文局组织实施；同年外文局教育培训中心组织开展CATTI考前培训，并由新达雅翻译专修学校具体承办系列培训班，是CATTI考试推出以来唯一不间断专门从事考前培训的专业机构，目前已经成功开办45期，为社会培养出大批的翻译相关人才。

D3:CATTI通关技能概览(综合提高应试技能，在夯实翻译能力的基础上合理运用考试技能)凡报名交费46期口笔译冲刺班的即可立即享受网上免费学习（时间为17年8月8日-18年4月30日）董建群：联合国同声传译译员，中国外文局教育培训中心全国高端应用型翻译人才培养专家委员会委员，英国《BMI》特约编审。

曾担任联合国同声传译工作多年，为国际会议做同传近千场，多次为外国元首、党领导、联合国高层官员及世界知名科学家担任翻译或大会口译，具有丰富的东文化经历和会议口译实战经验；从2004年起一直在外文局教育培训中心从事CATTI培训和教学工作，具有丰富的教学经验，培养出大量的翻译人才。

王冰：外国语大学高级翻译学院翻译硕士，CATTI英语一级口译，中国外文局教育培训中心特聘CATTI教师，长期从事CATTI口、笔译教学、实践与研究，对CATTI考试具有深入的研究与分析。

除翻译教学外，王冰老师还活跃于一线多万多字，长期为联合国，欧盟，国家部委，跨国公司，驻华国际组织，使提供笔译、同传和交传的翻译服务。

80年代初留美，专职从事汉英翻译工作40多年，汉英定稿工作30多年。

原《周报》、《今日中国》副总编辑，全国翻译资格（水平）考试专家委员会委员，全国翻译系列高级职称评定委员会委员。

Additional exercises for Unit 1
1．各位能赏光到此，我感到莫大光荣。

2．我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人以及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。

3．非常高兴您百忙之中出席这次宴会。

4．我要向各位致以热烈的欢迎。

5．我很高兴各位能来我公司访问。

6．欢迎光临IBM上海公司的正式开张典礼。

7．能在我公司欢迎诸位著名人士前来参观，真是极大的荣幸和高兴。

8．我以极其愉快的心情欢迎你们到达丹东。

9．我相信你们这次丹东之行将会大有收获。

10．首先，让我代表出席晚会的所有同志，向远道而来的贵宾表示热烈的欢迎和敬意。

11．我谨代表丹东市政府热烈地欢迎您，并祝愿您的访问愉快成功。

12．我相信，您的亲自访问对于我们之间的友好关系的进一步发展将做出重大贡献。

《十二天突破英汉翻译-笔译篇》笔记一、定语从句1、sth. important （adj 修饰不定代词）后置 a cat alive （asleep, awake, alike）a child adopted（V 过分，可以后置）2、英文中介词可以译为方位副词和动词。

3、中文：先出主语＋废话（定、状、补、插）+ 最重要成分英文：先出主语＋最重要成分＋废话（定、状、补、插）主语＋废话＋主句4、否定转移：但凡是because 或by 或表原因的词引导的是（从）句子，它一定不转移；是短语时一定转移。

5、译法：前置、后置、句首译法。

的关系词6、一个人或者一群人后接动词+宾从；则此动词常译为认为。

（suggest, assume）7、英汉互译过程中，为了让句子更加通顺，在不影响句意的情况下可适当增加虚词（如果、而、那么），实词的增减必须要有明确的句意。

8、循环套用：中心词+定1 ＋定2 ＋定3 ＋…＋定n-1 ＋定n [多个定从套用一定后置]定 1 ＋定2 ≈定3 则将前两者放一起译←三个一样长定 1 ≈定2 ＋定3 则将后两者放一起译9、非限一定后置且译出关系词。

（难在一定要判断关系词）10、long before 在很久之前before long 不久后11、inferior to 比…低级superior to 比…高级junior to 比…年轻senior to 比…年长prior to 在…之前subject to doing 屈服于object to doing 反对12、非谓语动词位于名词后相当于定从，需按定从处理。

13、abnormally＝extremely 极其的，相当的14、若句子译成中文不通顺则重新断句。

15、并列套用：中心词+定1 ＋定2 ＋定3 ＋…and＋定n后置，且关系词只需译一次16、中文先事实后评论，英文先评论后事实。

（差异一）17、It is often said that…人们常说……It is believed that…人们认为……It is guessed that…人们猜测……It is thought that…人们认为……It is supposed that…人们推测……It is reported that…据报道……According to static, 据统计……18、差异二：中文是动态性语言，善于用动词——强势动词（有感情色彩）、形容词和副词英文是静态性语言，善于用名词——弱势动词（动作）在汉译英过程中，若出现强势动词，翻译为英文时不能直接译成强势动词，要找弱势动词对强势动词进行过渡。

一、考研翻译高分策略【本章要点】-掌握考研翻译高分两大策略-巩固试题演练【翻译技巧】◎尽量译主干1）划竖线，断开结构2）看动词，瞻前顾后3）译主干，稳定分数◎修饰层层加1）看词性，分析关系2）译修饰，能加则加【试题演练】【例1】（2005年49题）Creating a“European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.模考：笔记：【例2】（2008年47题）He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.模考：笔记：【例3】（2008年49题）He adds humbly that perhaps he was“superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.”模考：笔记：本章参考译文【例1】不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织在一起，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的选择。

【例2】他还坚持认为自己进行长时间完全抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。

追求卓越尽显专业执信有恒成功有道9Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate theunderlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should bewritten neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)Great books are popular,not pedantic.They are not written by specialists about specialists for specialists.To read a textbook for advanced students,you have to read an elementary textbook first.But the great books can be considered elementary in the sense that they treat the elements of any subject matter.(41)They are not related to one another as a series of textbooks,graded in difficulty or in the technicality of the problems with which they deal.There is one kind of prior reading,however,which does help you to read a greatbook,and that is the other great books the author himself read.Let me illustrate this point by taking Euclid’s Elements of Geometry and Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy .Euclid’s requires no priory study of mathematics.His book is generally an introduction to geometry,and to basic arithmetic as well.(42)The same cannot be said for Newton,whose book,deeply influenced by Euclid,is not readily intelligible,even to scientists,unless Euclid has been read before.I am not saying that great scientific books can be read without effort.I am saying that if they are read in an historical order,the effort is rewarded.Just as Euclid illuminates Newton and Galileo,so they in turn help to make Einstein intelligible.The point applies to philosophical books as well.英汉翻译：忠实和通顺—“步步为营”Sample for Analysis/xiajirong Sample Analysis 芸芸永久联系方式Q Q ：747883097启迪广袤思维点燃无穷智慧内部资料翻印必究10Great books are always contemporary.(43)In contrast,the books we call “contemporary”,because they are currently popular,last only for a year or two,or ten at the most.You probably would not be interested in reading them.But the great books are never out-molded by the movement of thought or the shifting winds of doctrine and opinion.People regard the “classics”as the great has-beens,the great books of other times.“Our times are different,”they say.(44)On the contrary,the great books are not dusty remains for scholars to investigate;they are,rather,the most potent civilizing forces in the world today.The fundamental human problems remain the same in all ages.(45)Anyone who reads the essays of Bacon and Montaigne will find how constant is the preoccupation of men with happiness and justice,with virtue and truth and even with stability and change itself.We may accelerate the motions of life,but we cannot seem to change the routes that are available to its goals.【评分参考】(1)巨著之间并不像某系列的教材那样彼此关联（1分），在难度或是解决问题的技术性方面按级别排列（1.5分）。

201705CATTI笔译实务冲刺班第一课：真题讲解Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project , Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor’s degree in 1947.As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in “Boardwalk Empire”-era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.The younger Mr. Woodland returned to Drexel for a master’s degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents’ home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with its elegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically? He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,” Mr. Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in 1999. “I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason —I didn’t know — I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.’ ”Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life. All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.模拟练习-1Roger Wilkins, who championed civil rights for black Americans for five decades as an official in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, a foundation executive, a journalist, an author and a university professor, died on Sunday in Kensington, Maryland. He was 85.A black lawyer in the corridors of power, Mr. Wilkins was an assistant United States attorney general, ran domestic programs for the Ford Foundation, wrote editorials for The Washington Post and The New York Times, taught history at George Mason University for nearly 20 years and was close to leading lights of literature, music, politics, journalism and civil rights.Beyond attending a segregated elementary school as a boy and being arrested once in a protest against apartheid, Mr. Wilkins had little personal experience with discrimination. He waged war against racism from above the barricades with political influence, jawboning, court injunctions, philanthropic grants, legislative proposals,and commentaries on radio and television and in newspapers, magazines and books.A lean, intense, soft-spoken intellectual, he grew up in a genteel middle-class family. The customs, attit udes and social currencies of everyday black life “evolved away from me,” he said in a memoir.真题讲解-2Scientists analyzing data from a NASA spacecraft have found the first evidence that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as recently as last summer, a paper published on Monday showed, raising the possibility that the planet could support life.Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will change scientists' thinking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present day microbial life."It suggests that it would be possible for life to be on Mars today," John Grunsfeld, NASA's associate administration for science, told reporters."Mars is not the dry, arid planet that we thought of in the past. Under certain circumstances, liquid water has been found on Mars," said Jim Green, the agency's director of planetary science.The discovery was made when scientists developed a new technique to analyze chemical maps of the surface of Mars obtained by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft.They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet's equatorial region.The slopes, first reported in 2011, appear during the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks, known as recurring slope lineae, or RSL, were cut by flowing water, but previously had been unable to make the measurements."I thought there was no hope," Lujendra Ojha, a graduate student at Georgia Institute of Technology and lead author of a paper in this week's issue of the journal Nature Geoscience, told Reuters.Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated.Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet (5 meters) wide.But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinize individual pixels. That data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.模拟练习-2Robot arms weld a vehicle at the General Motors plant in Lansing, Michigan. Automakers are the biggest users of industrial robots, which have decreased employment and wages in local economies.Who is winning the race for jobs between robots and humans? Last year, two leading economists described a future in which humans come out ahead. But now they’ve declared a different winner: the robots.The industry most affected by automation is manufacturing. For every robot per thousand workers, up to six workers lost their jobs and wages fell by as much as three-fourths of a percent, according to a new paper by the economists, Daron Acemoglu of M.I.T. and Pascual Restrepo of Boston University. It appears to be the first study to quantify large, direct, negative effects of robots.The paper is all the more significant because the researchers, whose work is highlyregarded in their field, had been more sanguine about the effect of technology on jobs. In a paper last year, they said it was likely that increased automation would create new, better jobs, so employment and wages would eventually return to their previous levels.Just as cranes replaced dockworkers but created related jobs for engineers and financiers, the theory goes, new technology has created new jobs for software developers and data analysts.。

catti英译汉训练材料Catti英译汉训练材料我是一名翻译爱好者，最近我开始学习英语翻译，其中一个练习的内容是Catti英译汉材料。

Catti是一项英语翻译考试，对于想要提高自己的翻译能力的人来说，这是一个非常好的机会。

下面是我对Catti英译汉材料的一些思考和学习心得。

我发现在Catti考试中，插入网络地址是被禁止的。

这是因为Catti考试旨在考察考生的翻译能力，而不是检测他们的网络搜索能力。

因此，在我的翻译练习中，我会避免在文章中插入任何网络地址。

Catti考试要求考生不得使用数学公式或计算公式。

这是因为数学公式和计算公式在中文翻译中往往会给人带来困惑，容易产生歧义。

因此，在我的翻译练习中，我会避免使用数学公式或计算公式。

为了确保文章内容的独一性，避免内容重复出现，我会尽量避免使用与其他文章相似的句子和表达方式。

我会尽量使用自己的语言表达思想和观点，以保证文章的独特性。

为了使文章结构合理，段落明晰，我会使用适当的标题来分隔不同的段落和主题。

这样可以增强读者的阅读流畅性，使他们更容易理解和掌握文章的内容。

我会避免使用依赖图像的语句，如“如图所示”等字眼。

这是因为Catti考试是一项文字翻译考试，没有图像参考。

因此，在我的翻译练习中，我会尽量使用文字来描述事物和观点，以确保文章的准确性和可读性。

我会尽量避免在文章中反复提出同一个问题，以免给读者带来困惑和重复感。

我会尽量让文章的内容连贯和流畅，以保持读者的兴趣和阅读的愉快感。

我会尽量使用准确的中文进行描述，以确保文章的准确无误。

同时，我会避免使用歧义或误导的信息，以避免给读者带来困惑和误解。

总的来说，通过对Catti英译汉材料的学习和思考，我对翻译的要求和技巧有了更深入的了解。

我会继续努力提高自己的翻译能力，以便在未来的翻译工作中能够更好地满足读者的需求。

考试题型：单句翻译8个：英译汉、汉译英各4个。

篇章翻译英译汉2篇，一篇来自课内，一篇来自课外；汉译英一篇，来自课内。

技能测试12个：01. 拆分法拆分法是指将一个长句拆分翻译成两个或两个以上若干短句的方法。

The handshake is thought to have originated in medieval Europe as a way for kings and knights to show that they did not intend to harm each other and possessed no concealed weapons. (拆分法)握手据称源自中世纪的欧洲。

那时国王和骑士用握手来表明他们没有伤害对方的意图，也没有暗藏武器。

02. 合并法合并法是指将两个或两个以上若干短句合并翻译成一个长句的方法。

中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

（合并法）China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.03. 增补法增补法也叫增词法，是指在翻译过程中视意义表达需要在源句基础上增加词语的方法。

Amelia took the news very palely and calmly.埃米丽亚获悉这个消息的时候，脸色苍白，神情镇静。

04. 省略法省略法也叫减词法，是指在翻译过程中视意义表达需要对源句中一些词语略去不做翻译的方法。

He looked gloomy and troubled.他看上去忧郁烦恼。

201705CATTI笔译实务冲刺班第二课：真题讲解--环境：As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp factory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one.As a result, the population here, one of southern Greenland’s ma jor towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.“Fishing is the heart of this town,” said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.”But even as warming temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 — perhaps nowhere more so than here in Narsaq.Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry.One of the world’s largest deposits of rare earth metals —essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq. This could be momentous for Greenland, which has long relied on half a billion dollars a year in welfare payments from Denmark, its parent state. Mining profits could help Greenland become economically self-sufficient and render it the first sovereign nation created by global warming.“One of our goals is to obtain independence,” said Vittus Qujaukitsoq, a prominentlabor union leader.But the rapid transition from a society of individual fishermen and hunters to an economy supported by corporate mining raises difficult questions. How would Greenland’s insul ar settlements tolerate an influx of thousands of Polish or Chinese construction workers, as has been proposed? Will mining despoil a natural environment essential to Greenland’s national identity — the whales and seals, the silent icy fjords, and mythic polar bears? Can fisherman reinvent themselves as miners?“I think mining will be the future, but this is a difficult phase,” said Jens B. Frederiksen, Greenland’s housing and infrastructure minister and a deputy premier. “It’s a plan that not everyone wants. It’s about traditions, the freedom of a boat, family professions.”The Arctic is warming even faster than other parts of the planet, and the rapidly melting ice is causing alarm among scientists about sea-level rise. In northeastern Greenland, average yearly temperature have risen 4.5 degrees in the past 15 years, and scientists predict the area could warm by 14 to 21 degrees by the end of the century.Already, winter pack ice that covers the fjords is no longer stable enough for dog sledding and snowmobile traffic in many areas. Winter fishing, essential to feeding families, is becoming hazardous or impossible.It has long been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mapped them intermittently for decades. Niels B ohr, Denmark’s Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its uranium deposits.But previous attempts at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warming has altered the equation.真题讲解--文化：MY teenage son recently informed me that there is an Internet quiz to test oneselffor narcissism. His friend had just taken it. “How did it turn out?” I asked. “He says he did great!” my son responded. “He got the maximum score!”When I was a child, no one outside the mental health profession talked about narcissism; people were more concerned with inadequate self-esteem, which at the time was believed to lurk behind nearly every difficulty. Like so many excesses of the 1970s, the self-love cult spun out of control and is now rampaging through our culture like Godzilla through Tokyo.A 2010 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science found that the percentage of college students exhibiting narcissistic personality traits, based on their scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, a widely used diagnostic test, has increased by more than half since the early 1980s, to 30 percent.In their book, The Narcissism Epidemic, psychology professors show that narcissism has increased as quickly as obesity has since the 1980s. Even our egos are getting fat. This is a costly problem. While full-blown narcissists often report high levels of personal satisfaction, they create havoc and misery around them. There is overwhelming evidence linking narcissism with reduced honesty and increased aggression. It’s notable for occasions like Valentine’s Day that narcissists struggle to stay committed to romantic partners, in no small part because they find themselves superior.The full-blown narcissist might reply, “So what?” But narcissism isn’t an either-or characteristic. It’s more of a set of progressive symptoms (like alcoholism) than an identifiable state (like diabetes). Millions of Americans exhibit symptoms, but still have a conscience and a hunger for moral improvement. At the very least, they really don’t want to be terrible people.A healthy self-love that leads to true happiness builds up one’s intrinsic well-being, as opposed to feeding shallow cravings to be admired. Cultivating amour de soi requires being fully alive at this moment, as opposed to being virtually alive while wondering what others think. The soulful connection with another person, the enjoyment of a beautiful hike alone, or a prayer of thanks over your sleeping child could beconsidered expressions of self-love.模拟练习-1Global warming is reshuffling the ranges of animals and plants around the world with profound consequences for humanity, according to a major new analysis.Rising temperatures on land and sea are increasingly forcing species to migrate to cooler climes, pushing disease-carrying insects into new areas, moving the pests that attack crops and shifting the pollinators that fertilize many of them, an international team of scientists has said.They warn that some movements will damage important industries, such as forestry and tourism, and that tensions are emerging between nations over shifting natural resources, such as fish stocks. The mass migration of species now underway around the planet can also amplify climate change as, for example, darker vegetation grows to replace sun-reflecting snow fields in the Arctic.This mass movement of species is the biggest for about 25,000 years, the peak of the last ice age, say the scientists, who represent more than 40 institutions around the world.“The shifts will leave ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ in their wake, radically reshaping the pattern of human wellbeing … and potentially leading to substantial conflict,” the team warn. “Human society has yet to appreciate the implications of unprecedented species redistribution for life on Earth, including for human lives.”模拟练习-2Pax Sinica (Latin for "Chinese peace") is a historiographical term, modeled after the original phrase Pax Romana, applied to the period of peace in East Asia, maintained by Chinese hegemony. During this period, long-distance trade flourished, cities ballooned, standards of living rose, and the population surged.It is usually the period of rule by the Western Zhou, Western Han, Eastern Han, Tang, Ming, and Qing dynasties. During these periods, China maintained the dominantcivilization in the region, due to its political, economic, military and cultural power. The first Pax Sinica of the eastern world by Han China coincided with the Pax Romana of the Western World by Rome. It stimulated the long-distance travel and trade in Eurasian history. The Pax Sinica and Pax Romana both eroded at about 200 AD.Sui China (581-618) established a second Pax Sinica in AD 589, continued by Tang China (618–907). This was considered one of the golden ages of China. The economy, commerce, culture, and science was flourishing and reached new heights.During the early Tang-era, most notably during Emperor Taizong's reign, the Chinese brought their nomadic neighbors to submission. This secured the safety and peace at the many trade routes. The Pax Sinica brought forth a new age for exchange via the Silk Road.The Chinese civilization became open and cosmopolitan to all people from near and far away. Many people from different backgrounds and denominations traveled to the capital of Chang'an. These included clerics, merchants, and envoys from India, Persia, Arabia, Syria, Korea, and Japan.。

英汉笔译知识点总结作为一种重要的语言交流工具，笔译在跨文化交流中发挥着重要作用。

而英汉笔译作为世界上两种最重要的语言之一，其翻译工作更显得尤为重要。

因此，本文将对英汉笔译的知识点进行总结和分析，希望对英汉笔译工作有所帮助。

一、英汉笔译的特点1. 英汉两种语言差异明显英语与汉语是两种完全不同的语言，它们在语音、语法、词汇等方面存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉笔译时需要充分考虑这些差异，避免出现意思不清晰或者语言不通顺的情况。

2. 文化差异英汉两种语言所处的文化背景也是截然不同的，因此在进行笔译时需要充分考虑到文化因素的影响，尤其是一些涉及到文化内涵的词语和表达方式，需要进行合适的转换和调整。

二、英汉笔译的难点1. 语法结构的差异英语和汉语的语法结构存在很大的差异，如英语的定冠词和不定冠词的使用，以及汉语的主谓一致和语序等问题，这些都是进行英汉笔译时需要注意的难点。

2. 习惯用语和惯用表达英语和汉语中都存在大量的习惯用语和惯用表达，这些表达方式往往具有一定的文化内涵，而进行英汉笔译时需要能够准确理解并转换这些表达方式。

3. 词汇的选择和转换英语和汉语的词汇之间存在着很多的差异，有些词汇是很难直接进行对应转换的，需要翻译人员充分考虑上下文等因素进行恰当的选择和转换。

三、英汉笔译的技巧和方法1. 精读原文，理解意思在进行英汉笔译时，首先要对原文进行仔细的阅读和理解，尽量准确把握原文的意思和表达方式，这样才能保证翻译出来的译文准确、通顺。

2. 考虑语言和文化因素在进行英汉笔译时，需要充分考虑到英汉两种语言和文化的差异，对那些涉及到文化内涵或者语言习惯的词语和表达方式，需要进行合适的转换和调整。

3. 注重上下文和语境英汉笔译时需要充分考虑到上下文和语境的影响，尤其是一些语义模糊的词语和表达方式，需要根据上下文进行恰当的翻译。

四、英汉笔译常见问题及解决方法1. 语言不通顺解决方法：要求翻译人员在进行英汉笔译时要多加练习，积累大量的语言材料，提高语言表达能力。

四级冲刺班-翻译讲义答案一、修饰后置1.过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。

The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty.2.中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。

The Yangtze River plays a big role in Chinese history, culture and economy.3.乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。

In the past, traveling by plane was unimaginable for most Chinese people.4.它为世界各地的年轻人提供了更好地了解中国的机会。

It provides an opportunity for young people around the world to understand China better.5. 据说赤水沿岸的村民四千年前就开始酿造茅台。

It is said that the villagers along the Shishui River started to make Moutai 4,000 years ago.5.来自全国各地的厨师被挑选出来到京城为皇帝做饭。

Chefs from all parts of the country were selected to cook for the emperor in the capital.二、多动句1.众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样，丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。

Many minorities provide various and colorful cultures, letting the tourists experience.2.在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。

口译笔译学习经验英译汉技巧正反、反正汉译技巧备考资
料
正反、反正汉译技巧是指翻译时突破原文的形式，采用变换语气的方法处理词句，把肯定的译成否认的，把否认的译成肯定的，
1、肯定译否认
The above facts insist on the following conclusions .
上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。

2、否认译肯定
She won't go away until you promise to help her .
她要等你容许帮助以后才肯走。

3、双否认译肯定
There can be no sunshine without shadow
有阳光就有阴影，
但是，如果翻译时保存英语原来的“否认之否认”的形式并不影响中文的流畅时，那么应保存的目的还可突出原文中婉转的语气。

如He is not unequal to the duty .他并非不称职。

4、正反移位
I don't think he will e .
我认为他不会来了。

5、译为局部否认
Not all minerals e from mines .
并非所有矿物都矿山。

Both of the substances do not dissolve in water.
不是两种物质都溶于水。

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笔译复习资料笔译复习资料笔译是一门独特而重要的语言技能，它涉及将一种语言转化为另一种语言的过程。

对于想要从事笔译工作的人来说，复习是必不可少的一部分。

在这篇文章中，我将分享一些笔译复习资料的相关内容，帮助读者更好地准备笔译考试或提升自己的笔译能力。

一、语言知识的复习语言知识是笔译的基础，它包括词汇、语法、句法等方面。

在复习语言知识时，可以从以下几个方面入手：1. 词汇复习：扩大词汇量是非常重要的。

可以通过背单词、阅读、听力等方式来积累词汇。

同时，还要了解不同词汇在不同语境中的意义和用法。

2. 语法复习：语法是语言的骨架，它决定了句子的结构和表达方式。

复习语法可以通过学习语法规则、做语法练习、阅读语法书籍等方式进行。

3. 句法复习：句法是语言中句子的结构和组织方式。

了解不同语言的句法结构有助于理解和翻译句子。

可以通过分析句子结构、比较不同语言的句法差异等方式进行句法复习。

二、背景知识的复习背景知识是指与笔译内容相关的专业知识。

在进行笔译时，了解背景知识可以帮助理解原文，并准确地传达信息。

背景知识的复习可以从以下几个方面进行：1. 行业知识：根据自己的兴趣和需求，选择一两个行业进行深入了解。

可以通过阅读相关书籍、行业报告、新闻等方式来学习行业知识。

2. 文化知识：不同文化之间存在着差异，了解不同文化的习俗、价值观、历史等有助于更好地理解原文，并进行准确的翻译。

可以通过阅读相关书籍、观看纪录片、与母语人士交流等方式来学习文化知识。

3. 专业知识：如果要从事特定领域的笔译工作，了解该领域的专业知识是必要的。

可以通过阅读专业书籍、参加相关培训、与专业人士交流等方式来学习专业知识。

三、翻译技巧的复习翻译技巧是指在进行笔译时使用的一些技巧和方法。

复习翻译技巧可以帮助提高翻译质量和效率。

以下是一些常用的翻译技巧：1. 理解原文：在进行翻译之前，先要仔细阅读和理解原文。

了解原文的意思、结构和语言特点是进行准确翻译的基础。