要点1 疑问句的类型
用来提出疑问的句子叫作疑问句。疑问句末尾须用问号“?”。疑问句有四类：一般疑问句 、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
要点2 一般疑问句的几个特点
1) 用于询问一个事实是否属实，回答时须用yes或no。
Is he a teacher? 他是老师吗?
梇es,he is. 是的，他是老师。
桸o,he is not(isn't). 不，他不是老师。
2) 以动词be,have或助动词、情态动词开头。
Does he get up early every day? 他每天都起早吗?
Did she come here yesterday? 她昨天来这儿了吗?
Will it be cold tomorrow? 明天冷吗?
Can you ride a horse? 你会骑马吗?(情态动词开头)
Have you any sisters?你有姐妹吗?
Have you read the book? 你看过这本书吗?(have用作助动词，构成 现在完成时)
Are you a student? 你是学生吗?
Are you reading English now? 你在读英语吗?(are用作助动词，构 成现在进行时)
3) have表示“所有”“拥有”有两种不同的结构：
英国英语 〖WB〗 美国英语
Have you any pens? Do you have any pens?
梇es,I have. 梇es,I do.
桸o,I have not(haven't). 桸o,I don't
4) have不作“有”讲时，需外加助动词构成疑问句。
Do you have lunch at school? 你在学校吃午饭吗?
Did they have a meeting yesterday? 昨天他们开会了吗?
5) 一般疑问句可以有否定形式，表示请求、惊讶、厌烦等。
Can't you (really) ride a bicycle? 你(真的)不会骑自行车吗?
Won't you help me? 难道你不会帮助我?
Don't you know him? 你不认识他吗?
梇es,I do. 不，我认识。
桸o,I don't. 是的，我不认识。
注意： 否定形式的一般疑问句的答语与汉语习惯不一样。答语是肯 定的，须用Yes+肯定结构：答语是否定的，须用No+否定结构。再看一例：
Can't you answer it in English? 你不能用英语来回答这个问题吗?
梇es,I can. 不，我能。
桸o,I can't. 是的，我不能。
要点3 特殊疑问句与一般疑问句的主要区别
1) 特殊疑问句需把疑问词放在句首，一般疑问句不用疑问词。
2) 一般疑问句用yes或no来回答，特殊疑问句则针对问句中的疑问词来回答，不用yes或no 。
3) 一般疑问句通常用升调，而特殊疑问句一般用降调。
要点4 特殊疑问句的结构
英语中，特殊疑问句的构成有两种结构。
1) 疑问词+陈述句语序+? (问主语或问修饰主语的定语)
\ Mr. Li teaches us maths. 李先生教我们数学。
\ Who teaches us maths? 谁教我们数学?
[JB)]
\ The work must be done now. 这工作必须现在就做。
\
What must be done now? 什么现在必须就做?
[JB)]
\ His pen is red. 他的钢笔是红色的。(问主语的修饰 语)
Whose pen is red? 谁的钢笔是红色的?
[JB)]
\ Four students live in this room. 四个学生住 在这房间里(问主语的修饰语)
\ How many students live in this room? 多少学生住在这房间里?
[JB)]
2) 疑问词+一般疑问句语序+?(提问宾语、谓语、表语、状态或定语)
[JB({] They are reading [ZZ(Z]English[ZZ)] in the classroom.
What are they reading in the classroom? (提问宾语指物用what) (注意一般疑问句语序)[JB)]
[JB({]\ They [ZZ(Z]are cleaning the classroom[ZZ)].
\ What are they doing? (提问谓语及宾语用what)[JB)]
[JB({]\ The girl is [ZZ(Z]in the class room[ZZ)].
\ Where is girl? (提问表语指地点用where)[JB)]
[JB({]\ He is [ZZ(Z]my friend[ZZ)].
\ Who is he? (提问表语指人用Who)[JB)]
[JB({]\ I came back [ZZ(Z]yesterday morning[ZZ)].
\ When did you come back? (提问时间状语用when)[JB)]
[JB({]\ The student has read [ZZ(Z]three[ZZ)] books.
\ How many books has the student read? (提问定语表示数 量用how many,如是不可数 名词用how much)[JB)]
要点5 有关特殊疑问句的几个问题
1) who可以用来代替whom。
Who(m) did you meet yesterday? 你昨天遇见了谁?
Who(m) are you looking at? 你在看谁?
注意： 在口语中，whom用作动词宾语或介词宾语时，who常可用来替 代whom，但在介词后，只能用whom。例如：
Who(m) did you borrow the book from? 这本书你向谁借的?
From whom did you borrow the book? (who不能替代whom)
2) what与which的区别。
what一般只能指物；which则既可指人，也可指物。what选择的范围没有限制，而which表 示在一定范围内的选择。例如：
What do you usually have for breakfast? 你早餐通常吃什么?
What book/books did you buy? 你买了什么书?
I have three books.Which do you like? 我有三本书，你喜欢哪一本?
Which student told you that? 哪个学生告诉你那件事的?
Which of you can do it? 你们中间谁能做这件事?
3) “介词+疑问词”在句中作状语
“介词+疑问词”在句中作状语，介词可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。但通常把介词放在 句末例如：
Which room are you staying in ?\=
In which room are you staying?
你们在哪一个房间?
Whose pen are you writing with ?\=
With whose pen are you writing?
你在用谁的钢笔写字?
Where did you get that suit from ? 你从哪儿买到那套衣服的?
How can I get these shoes on ? 我怎样才能把这双鞋子
穿上呢?
要点6 与what相关的特殊疑问句
1) What…? (用于询问名字之类的问句)
What's he called? 他叫什么?
What's this called? 这个叫什么?
What's this called in English? 英语里这个叫什么?
What make is your car? 你的汽车是什么牌子的?
2) What…? (用于询问国籍、人口、工作等)
What nationality are you? 你是哪国人?
What does she do (for a living)? 她是干什么的?
What's the population in your country? 你们国家有多少人口?
3) What time/date/year…? (要求得到较为明确的回答)
What time/date will he arrive? 他将于什么时间/日期到?
桝t 4./On June 14th. 4点钟到。/6月14日到。
4) What…for? (要求说明用途或目的)
What did you do that for? 你做这个干什么?
What's this (thing) for? 这(东西)干什么用的?
?It's for) peeling potatoes. 是削土豆皮的。
5) What kind(s)/sort(s) of…? (询问类别)
What kind/sort of picture do you like best? 你最喜欢什么样的图画?
What kinds/sorts of pictures do you like best? 你最喜欢哪些种类的图画?
6) What colour/size/height…? (询问颜色、尺寸、高度、长度等)
What colour is your new bike? 你的新自行车是什么颜色的?
What size shoes do you take/wear? 你穿多大号的鞋?
?Size) 41. 41(号)的。
What's the height of Everest? (=What height is Everest?)珠穆朗玛峰有多高?
这种结构相当于How big/high/long…?等。
要点7 与how相关的特殊疑问句
1) how(如何、怎样)
How is your mother? 你母亲怎样(身体好吗)?
How are you feeling now? 你现在感觉如何?
How did you come back? 你怎么回来的?
2) how old (多大年纪)
How old are you? 你多大年纪了?
3) how far (多远)+
How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai? 从北京到上海有多么远?
How far did you drive yesterday? 你昨天开车走了多远?
4) how big(多大)
How big is your room? 你的房间有多大?
5) how much (多少钱)
How much is this coat? 这件上衣值多少钱?
注意： 如用动词cost(花多少钱)，疑问词可用how much，如：
How much does this coat cost? 这件上衣值多少钱?
但当cost用作名词时，要用what,如：
What's the cost of that car?那车多少钱?
6) how long(多久)询问动作持续的时间
How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久了?
桾here years. 三年了。
注意 ： how long引导的疑问句要用持续性动词。另外，how long也 可以问长度。
How long is the bridge? 这桥多长?
7) how often(多少时间一次)询问事情发生的频度
How often do you write to your parents? 你多少时间给你父母写信?
桹nce a month. 每月一次。
注意： How many times
…?询问次数。
How many times have you been to Beijing? 你去过北京几次?
桾hree times. 三次
8) how soon(过多久以后)
How soon will the film end? 电影什么时候结束?
How soon will he come back? 你多久回来啊?
注意： how soon引导的疑问句中不能用持续性动词。
要点8 几组特殊疑问句的区别
1) Who is he?与What is he?
Who is he? 他是谁?(用于询问别人的姓名、身份或关系)
桯e is my brother. 他是我兄弟。
What is he? 他干什么工作?(用于询问别人的职业)
桯e is a driver. 他是一个司机。
How are you? 你身体怎样?(问健康)
梀ery well.Thank you! 我很好。谢谢你。
2) What is the weather like?与How is the weather?
这两个问句含义基本相同，但要注意like与what搭配，不与how搭配。
What was the weather like yesterday? 昨天的天气怎么样?
How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?
3) What do you think of…?与How do you like…?
英语中，这两个问句主要用来询问别人对某一事物(事件)的看法，意义基本相同，但结构不 同。
What did you think of the film?
How did you like/enjoy the film?
How was the film? 你认为这个电影怎么样?
4) What does he look like?与What is he like??
这两个问句一般用来询问外表、举止如何，如：
What does he look like?(=What is he like?) 他是个什么样的人?
He is tall and fat. 他长得又高、又胖。
What's your car like? 你的汽车怎么样? (外观、性能如何?)
要点9 特殊疑问句简略结构
1) What/How about…?
后接名词、动词ing形式，用于提出建议、询问消息，征求意见等。例如：
How are you today? 你今天好吗?
桭ine,thanks.How/What about you? 很好，谢谢。你怎么样?
How/What about going for a walk? 去散散步怎么样?
2) Why not…?
后接动词原形，表示建议，相当于Why don't you…?
Why not go there with him? 为何不和他一起去那里?
Why don't you go there with him? 你为何不和他一起去那里?
3) Why+动词原形…?
常用来表达“我不认为你应该”的意思。例如：
Why worry? 何必担心呢?
Why bother your father? 何必烦扰你父亲?
要点10 选择疑问句的特点及构成
选择疑问句提供两个以上答案，要求对方择其一来回答，其主要特点有：
① 一般要用连接词or。
② 选择项在结构上要对称。
③回答时不能用yes或no，而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。
选择疑问句的主要结构有两种：
1) 一般疑问句+A or B?
Would you like tea or coffee? 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡?
Are you going there by bus or by taxi? 你乘公共汽车还是坐出租车去
那里?
Is he reading or writing? 他在看书还是写东西?
2) 特殊疑问句，A or B?
What would you like, tea or coffee? 你想喝什么，茶还是咖啡?
要点11 反意疑问句构成的要点
反意疑问句又称附加疑问句，是在陈述句之后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问。
1) 陈述句(前句)是肯定时，反意问句(后句)就用否定；前句是否定时，后句用肯定。
2) 前、后两句要注意时态、人称的一致。
3) 后句一定要用缩写的简略式。
4) 后句用代词，不用名词。在“There be”句型中则用there。
5) 不管前句是肯定的还是否定的，回答时，答话内容是肯定的，就用yes；反之，则用no。 如：
It didn't rain last week, did it? 上星期没下雨，是吗?
梇es, it did. 不，下雨了。
桸o, it didn't. 对，没下雨。
要点12 反意疑问句在使用中需注意的几个问题
1) 前句用了含有否定意义的词，如，hardly, never, no, little, few,后句要用肯定式。
He has never seen the film, has he? 他从未看这部电影，是吧?
There is no air on the moon, is there? 月球上没有空气，是吗?
He made few mistakes, did he? 他错了很少，是吗?
2) 前句主语是this, that, everything, nothing,something等时，后句用it；前句主语是 these,those时，后句用they。
This (that) is a useful tool, isn't it? 这(那)是一种有用的工具，是不是?
Nothing is wrong with the radio, is it? 收音机没问题，是不是?
These(Those)aren't notebooks, are they? 这些(那些)不是笔记本，是不是?
3) 当have用作行为动词不表示“有”时，附加疑问句部分，助动词要用do。例如：
He often has lunch at 12,doesn't he? 他常12点吃午饭，是不是?
They had a meeting yesterday, didn't they? 昨天他们开了个会，是不是?
4) 当have to (不得不)用在前句中，后句也需用助动词do，如：
You have to study hard, don't you ? 你得用功学习，是不是?
He has to get up early, doesn't he? 他得早起，是不是?
He had to leave early yesterday, didn't he ? 他昨天得早走，是不是?
5) had better (最好)用在前句时，后句要用had ,如:
You'd better go at once, hadn't you ? 你最好马上走，是不是?
6) 不定人称代词作主语，附加问句一般用they。例如：
Everyone is ready to leave now, aren't they? 现在每个人都准备离去，不是吗?
Nobody has been told, have they? 没人被告知，是吗?
7) 前句为复合句时，附加问句应与主句的主、谓语相一致。
You think it will rain tomorrow, don't you? 你觉得明天会下雨，不是吗?
He didn't say that he was interested in the plan, did he? 他没说过他对这计划感兴 趣，是吗
?
但须注意，主句为“I/We+think/suppose/believe”或“I/We+don't think/suppose/belie ve”等，附加问句要根据从句的主谓情况而定。例如：
We don't believe he will win the game, will he? 我们认为他比赛不会赢，对吗?
I don't think she met you yesterday, did she? 我想她昨天没遇见你，对吧?
I think you will come, won't you? 我想你会来，对吧?
要点13 祈使句的构成
1) 肯定祈使句：谓语用动词原形。形容词之前用动词be。
Stand up. 站起来!
Be careful next time! 下次细心点!
2) 否定祈使句：在谓语动词前加don't。
Don't come in,please!请不要进来!(please用在句尾时之前要用逗号)
Please don't come in!(please也可以置于句首)
Don't be late! 不要迟到!
3) 以let开头的祈使句。
Let me try. 让我试试看。
Don't let them go there. 不要让他们去那里!
Let's go together. 咱们一起走吧。(包括说话对象)
注意： 如果不包括“你”(说话对象)，须用Let us…。
Let us pass.(你)让我们过去。
4) 加强语气祈使句：在肯定祈使句前加do。
Do hand in your homework on time! 务必准时交家庭作业!
Do be quiet. 务请安静。
要点14 祈使句的反意疑问句结构
以Let's…引导的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we,其他情况一般用will you。
Let's take a rest,shall we? 让我们休息一下，好吗?
Let me answer the question, will you ? 让我回答这个问题，好吗?
Let us do it,will you? (你)让我们来做这个，好吗?
Have another try, will you? 再试一下，好吗?
Don't walk on the grass,will you ?不要在草地上走，好吗?
Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定要给我们写信，行吗?
要点15 以what 引导的感叹句
1) What+ 不可数名词可数名词(复数) +(主语+谓语)
What fine weather (it is )!天气多好!
What interesting books (they are)!多么有趣的书?
What heavy traffic !交通多拥挤啊!
2) What a/an +可数名词单数(主语+谓语)
What an interesting book (it is)!
What a clever girl she is! 多聪明的女孩!
注意： what引导的感叹句，主语、谓语常省略;主语之前的名词也往往带有 形容词。
要点16 以how 引导的感叹句
1) how+ 形容词副词 +主语+谓语
How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊!
How interesting the film is! 这电影多有趣呀!
2) how+主语+谓语
How I want to see you! 我多么想见到你!
How I like my job! 我多么喜欢爱我的工作!
要点17 常用的感叹句反意疑问句结构
以what或how引导的感叹句，附加问句大都用be的一般现在时的否定形式。例如：
What a lovely day, isn't it? 多好的
天气，不是吗?
How exerciting, isn't it? 多么令人激动，不是吗?
What a nice man, isn't he? 多么好的一个人，不是吗?
How are you going there, by bus or by taxi? 你怎么去那里，乘公共汽车是坐出租车?
What is he doing, reading or writing? 他在干什么?看书还是在写东西?