模式识别受体
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模式识别受体及其相关分子佐剂研究进展
戴志红;蒋卉;李翠;魏津;郭彩云;关孚时;王在时
【摘 要】综述了模式识别受体(Pattern recognition receptors,PRRs)及其相关分子佐剂的研究进展。PRRs是一类表达于固有免疫细胞并可识别病原体相关分子模式的识别分子。PRRs主要包括Toll样受体、NOD样受体、RIG—I样受体、清道夫受体、甘露糖受体和髓系细胞触发受体等。与PRRs直接相关的分子佐剂主要包括TLR激动剂、NLR激动剂、RIG—I和MDA5激动剂及CD40和肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族(TNFRSF)激动剂等。%In this paper, the developments of
PRRs and its relevant molecular adjuvants were reviewed. PRRs were a kind
of recognition molecules expressed on innate immune cells that can
recognize pathogen - associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PRRs mainly
included Toll- like receptors (TLRs), NOD -like receptors (NLRs), RIG- I like
receptors (RLRs), scavenger receptors (SRs), mannose receptors (MRs) and
triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs), etc. Molecular
adjuvants directly related to PRRs mainly including TLR agonists, NLR
.298. 旦 皇堕堡壁 型生宣垄查 至!旦箜 !鲞笙 塑 ! 旦 Pl , lY型 ,vo1. 0.4
模式识别受体基因多态性与输卵管沙眼衣原体感染
章君华综述徐键审校
【摘要】沙眼衣原体(CT)是最常见的性传播疾病的病原体之一。患者感染后常因无症状而未能 及时接受治疗。持续性CT感染可引起输卵管损害,导致输卵管性不孕等严重后果。清除病原体的关键在 于机体正常的免疫应答。Toll样受体(TLR)家族和核苷酸结合的寡聚结构域(NOD)家族是固有免疫系统 的关键模式识别受体(PRRs),在CT感染识别和启动免疫应答中发挥重要作用。近年较多证据关注到CT 感染后输卵管性不孕的遗传学特征,并发现部分PPRs、人类白细胞抗原和细胞因子的基因多态性与CT 易感性和输卵管感染后结局相关。 【关键词】衣原体,沙眼;Toll样受体;多态性,限制性片段长度;不育,女(雌)性;输卵管;NOD蛋
白;关键模式识别受体
PPRs and Gene Polymorphisms and Chlamydia Trachomatis-associated Tubal Factor Infertility ZHA NG Jun—hua,XU Jian.Women’s Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang Universtity,Hangzhou 310006,China Corresponding author:XU Jian,E—maiZ:x ̄j@zju.edu.ca 【Abstract】Chlamydia(C.)trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases.Due to the mostly asymptomatie coupe of infection.these women will most likely not be treated and have persistent C. trachomatis infections,which may increase the risk of tubal pathology and tubal factor infertility.Therefore,an adequate immune response is essential to clear the pathogen.Pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)of the toll— like receptor(TLR)and nucleotide—binding oligomerization domain(NOD)families play a substantial role in recognizing C.trachomatis and initiating the immune response.Recent studies have shown the value of genetic trait in C.trachomatis-associated tubal factor infertility.Genetic variations in some PPRs and human leukocyte antigen and cytokine genes tend to increase the susceptibility,course and outcome of C.trachomatis infections. 【Key words】 Chlamydia traehomatis;Toll—like receptors;Polymorphism,restriction fragment length; Infertility,female;Fallopian tubes;Nucleotide—binding oligomerization domain;Pattern recognition receptors (‘,/ntReprodHealth/FamPlan,2010,29:298—301)
第22卷第6期 2013年12月 中国组织化学与细胞
CHINESE JoURNAL 0F HIST0CHEMISTRY 化学杂志
AND CYTOCHEMISTRY Vo1.22.No.6 December.2013
模式识别受体介导的天然免疫反应调节
获得性免疫的机理
刘争辉 韩代书
(中国医学科学院基础医学研究所细胞生物学系,北京100005)
[摘要]模式识别受体(PRR)的发现推动了免疫学领域的迅速发展。在近15年时间里,揭示了PRR启动的天然免疫反 应机制及信号转导途径,并对天然免疫反应调节获得性免疫产生的机制进行了广泛研究。本文综述该领域一些新的重要发 现,集中讨论病原体激活抗原递呈细胞的天然免疫反应调节淋巴细胞介导的抗原特异性获得性免疫机理,以及不同天然免疫 途径在宿主抵抗感染和修复组织损伤中的作用,并讨论该领域尚未解决的重要问题。 [关键词] 模式识别受体; 天然免疫; 获得性免疫 (中图分类号] Q93 [文献标识码] A DOI:10.3870/zgzzhx.2013.06.019
Promotion of adaptive immune response by PRR—triggered innate immune signaling
Liu Zhenghui,Han Daishu (Department of Cell Biology,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100005,China) [Abstract] In the past 15 years after the discovery of the first pattern recognition receptor(PRR) that detects microbial pathogens,enormous progress in this field has elucidated the different signaling pathways triggered by PRR upon pathogen recognition,and the mechanism Of innate immune responses promoting the generation of lymphocyte—mediated adaptive immunity.However,some fundamental ques— tions remain poorly understood.Here,we summarize the progress on the regulation of antigen-specific a— daptive immunity by the PRR—initiated innate immune response。and the roles of different types of PRR signaling in host defense against infection and in repairing tissue inj ury,and discuss some questions that remain t0 he clarjfied. [Key words]Pattern recognition receptor; Innate immunity; Adaptive immunity
医学免疫学各章节名词解释
1.免疫(immunity):是指机体识别“自己”与“非己”抗原,对自身抗原形成天然免疫耐受,对非己抗原发生排斥作用的一种生理功能。正常情况下,对机体有利;免疫功能失调时,会产生对机体有害的反应。
2.固有免疫应答(innate immune response):也称非特异性或获得性免疫应答,是生物体在长期种系发育和进化过程中逐渐形成的一系列防御机制。此免疫在个体出生时就具备,可对外来病原体迅速应答,产生非特异性抗感染免疫作用,同时在特异性免疫应答过程中也起作用。
3.适应性免疫应答(adaptive immune response):也称特异性免疫应答,是在非特异性免疫基础上建立的,该种免疫是个体在生命过程中接受抗原性异物刺激后,主动产生或接受免疫球蛋白分子后被动获得的。
4.免疫防御(immunologic defence):是机体排斥外来抗原性异物的一种免疫保护功能。该功能正常时,机体可抵御病原微生物及其毒性产物的感染和损害,即抗感染免疫;异常情况下,反应过高会引起超敏反应,反应过低或缺失可发生免疫缺陷。
5.免疫自稳(immunologic homeostasis):是机体免疫系统维持内环境稳定的一种生理功能。该功能正常时,机体可及时清除体内损伤、衰老、变性的细胞和免疫复合物等异物,而对自身成分保持免疫耐受;该功能失调时,可发生生理功能紊乱或自身免疫性疾病。
6.免疫监视(immunologic surveillance):是机体免疫系统及时识别、清除体内突变、畸变细胞和病毒感染细胞的一种生理功能。该功能失调时,有可能导致肿瘤发生,或因病毒不能清除而出现持续感染。
7.MALT(mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue): 即黏膜伴随的淋巴组织。是指分布在呼吸道、肠道及泌尿生殖道的粘膜上皮细胞下的无包膜的淋巴组织。除执行固有免疫外,还可执行局部特异性免疫。