英美文学名著词语汉译典型错误分析
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英美文学名著词语汉译典型错误分析
本文对百部英美文学名著译著的词语(主要是习语)汉译情况进行了穷尽式的调查,
揭示了若干汉译失当与舛误,具体讨论了若干实例。
Inappropriate Word Renditions in the Chinese Versions of British and American Fiction Ma
sterpieces Abstract: An exhaustive investigation is made into the word rendition in over one hund
red Chinese versions of British and American fiction masterpieces, and some inappropriate or erro
neous treatments are analyzed.
Key words: Chinese versions; British and American fiction masterpieces; word translation d
efects
对近20年来我国多家出版社出版的一百多部英美文学名著译著(下简称“译著”)的词
语(主要是习语)翻译情况进行了穷尽式的调查,发现了一些问题。这些译著中有名家名译,
有畅销之作,有教育部中学语文教学大纲课外阅读指定书目。有的不当译法,在多部译著(包
括重译)中,分布甚广,沿袭已久,以至形成定译误区。
1. not half (一点也不,毫不)
not half多作as (so)…as比较结构的修饰语,并常被译成“根本不”。它以及not half as
(远非,决不是)早已成习语。在各词典里,它们的释义都脱离“一半”的概念。而在调查的
50多部译著的200余处均应作如上解释的not half(未包括never…half, nothing half等变体)
用例中,几乎都被译成了“不(如)…一半”这样的说法。Dickens的David Copperfield中20
多处此类not half,在石定乐译本中,全被译成带“一半”的说法。偶尔为之,未尝不可,但
个个如此,则不能不说是一种误区。
(1) ‘But, my life, how wet you are, Mark!’‘I am! What do you consider yourself, sir?’‘Oh,
not half as bad.’(Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, Chapter 43)
“可是,我的老天爷,你身上够多湿啊,马可!”“我身上湿!您觉得您自己身上湿不
湿,先生!”“噢,湿得绝没你一半儿厉害呀。”(叶维之译,1983) not half as bad译成“绝没有
你湿呀”即可。
(2)
Because his brother was a little eccentric—though he is not half so eccentric as a good many
people—he didn't like to have him visible about his house… (Dickens, David Copperfield,
Chapter 14)
就因为做弟弟的有点举止怪僻——虽说还不及大多数人一半的怪——他的哥哥就不愿
让他在住处附近露面…(石定乐,石定柔译,1997)
“虽说还不及大多数人一半的怪”译法僵硬。译a good many people为“大多数人”也过甚。
可改为:“虽说远不及许多人怪”。
2.one too many (much) for(胜过,非...所能敌)
I guess you have been one too many for me, Mr. Holmes. Saw through my game, I suppose, a
nd played me for a sucker from the first. Well, sir, I hand it to you; you have me beat… (Doyle, T
he Adventure of the Three Garridebs)
你们比我多一个人啊,福尔摩斯先生。我想,一起头你就看穿了我的把戏的,把我当
傻瓜耍了。好,我算服了,你赢了我… (刘绯译,2000)
把you have been one too many for me 译成“你们比我多一个人啊”纯属望文生义。改译:我一
直不是你们的对手啊。
3. not for love or money(无论怎样也不)
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Hal awoke one day to the fact that his dog food was half-gone and the distance only quarter c
overed; further, that for love or money no additional dog food was to be obtained. (London, The C
all of the Wild, Chapter 5)
一天,哈尔醒来,发现喂狗的食物只剩下一半,而这时他们的路程才走了四分之一,
更严重的是,在这种时候,无论是用人情还是用金钱都无法搞到食物。(刘文荣译,1984)
“…无论是用人情还是用金钱都无法…”是死扣字面造成的误译。此处可改为:在这种时候,
就是千方百计,也搞不到食物。
4. on the make(正寻求异性伴侣;追求名利的)
(5) You are, I fancy, an excellent, if somewhat cynical judge of character. You judged, whet
her correctly or not, that Miss Grey was a type of young woman ‘on the make’. You had no doubt
that she would jump at the chance of becoming Lady Clarke. (Christie, The ABC Murders, Chapte
r 30)
我试想,你挺擅长于评判性格,尽管有点随意。你判断到,不管正确与否,格雷小姐
是那种‘正在改变中’的年轻女子。她某一天可能会成为克拉克女勋爵,对此你丝毫不感到怀
疑。(陈晓东译,1998)
克拉克的弟弟认为格雷小姐想要通过与他巨富哥哥克拉克结合,来继承他的遗产。文
中俚语on the make(正寻求异性伴侣),习语jump at(急切地抓住),以及cynical(对人
性怀疑的,悲观的)都没有译好。因而弱化了原文对格雷小姐一针见血的判断的力量。原译
相应部分可改为:…你挺擅长于评判性格,尽管态度有点悲观。你判断到,不管正确与否,
格雷小姐是那种“求欢心切”的年轻女子。她会忙不迭地抓住成为克拉克女勋爵的机会…
As she would have put it herself, she was on the make. What aroused her admiration was a cl
ever trick played on an unsuspecting person; to ‘do’ somebody always gave her satisfaction. (Ma
ugham, Of Human Bondage, Chapter 59)
她称自己是机警的。她所赞赏的是对老实人耍小聪明。欺骗人总能使她心满意足。(黄
水乞译,1992)
把on the make译成“机警的”缺乏根据。米尔德里德小姐实际上就是“急功近利”
(on the make)的女人。只是此话从她自己口中说出,语气委婉些罢了:用她自己的话说,
她是“重实际”的女人。
5.no more than(只不过,仅仅)
But when at last I met Charles Strickland, it was under circumstances which allowed me to d
o no more than just make his acquaintance. (Maugham, The Moon and the Sixpence, Chapter 6)
但是最后我同查理斯·思特里克兰德见面,并不是在思特里克兰德太太说的那种情况下。她
请我吃饭的那天晚上,除了她丈夫以外,我还结识了另外几个人。(傅惟慈译,1995)
思特里克兰德太太因有一客人不能出席晚宴,请“我”补缺。而“我”讨厌“把短促的生命
浪费在无聊的应酬上”,很不舒服,无言静坐,装作很有礼貌地听着那些“和我无关”的人们
谈话的样子。那天晚上,“我”只不过是结识了她丈夫罢了,“还结识了另外几个人”事属子虚
乌有。
6.for good measure(作为外加的东西)
Mrs Fowler has told us all that she thinks she knows—and has thrown in several conjectures
for good measure! (Christie, The ABC Murders, Chapter 6)
福勒太太已经告诉我们她了解的一切情况——而且分寸极佳地进行推测。(陈晓东译,
1998) 把for good measure译成“分寸极佳地”属望文生义。for good measure和throw in(外
加)都说明福勒太太的推测是额外奉送的。破折号后改译为:而且额外还奉上了几种推测。