汉译英词语的翻译
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汉译英中的词语翻译“No brick, no construction; no word no composition.”“无砖不成房,无词不成章。
” (译文)“千里之行,始于足下;翻译万卷,始于一词。
”不管是汉英还是英汉翻译,都必须从大处着眼,小处着手,即表达时词汇的处理入手,由词到句,由句到段,由段到章,也就是遣词造句,谋篇布局。
词语的翻译涉及到许多方面的问题,其中最根本的一条是译词的选择,要探讨这个问题,首先让我们看一下英汉词汇在词义上的对应关系,根据英汉词汇在意义上的对应程度,大致可以归纳为:一、完全对应(主要是一些专有名词,术语,客观事物)天空sky; 眼睛eye;湖泊lake;婴儿baby;广播讲话radio address;尾灯tail light;综合国力overall national strength;民族尊严national dignity二、包含关系(汉语词语的意义包含在英语词语中或者英语的意义包含在汉语词语中)1)英语的意义包含在汉语词语中:穿(衣服):wear/put on借:borrow; lend;主人:master/owner/host;地毯:carpet/rug;货:goods; merchandise(泛指货物;)products; cargo; freight; shipment;e.g.华侨=overseas Chinese?“华侨”(《辞海》):“侨居国外的具有中国国籍的人,不包括出国旅行、访问的人员,政府派在他国协助建设的工人和技术人员,国家派驻外国的公务人员和在国外学习的留学生。
已经加入或取得外国国籍的中国血统的人是外国公民(亦称中国血统外籍人),不是华侨”。
“Chinese” (Webster) : a native of China or a descendant of the people of China. 2)汉语词语的意义包含在英语词语中例:英语中的audience 包括了汉语的:“听众”、“观众”、“读者”;英语的marry包含了汉语的:“娶,嫁”;英语的cousin包含了汉语的:“堂兄”、“堂弟”、“堂姐”、“堂妹”、“表兄”、“表弟”、“表姐”、“表妹”;英语中的thick / thin可以表示“厚薄”、“粗细”、“稠稀”、“浓密/稀疏”三、语义空缺由于社会文化的差异,汉语中有些词语的词义在英语中没有表达这种词义的词语,反之亦然。
第三章词语英译1.这姑娘是漂亮。
This girl is really beautiful.2.此人是书就读。
This man reads every book he can reach .3.是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot?4.是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present5.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。
When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .6.南京的风俗:但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。
这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。
The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish,which stands for fortune.7.去设埋伏我们都没有信心,想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了,今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。
We had no confidence in today's ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.8.……只因生得妩媚风流,满学中都送了两个外号:一个叫“香怜”,一个叫“玉爱”。
... Because of their glamorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.9.克明:觉新哪,你听着!Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.10.客人一走进大门,扑鼻的是一阵幽香,入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.11.……三十六家花酒店,七十二座管弦楼。
1. I don't think that he would commit robbery, much less would he commit viol ent robbery.翻译:我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了。
2. Men earn ten dollars an hour on average, whereas women only seven dollars.翻译:男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元。
3. Once the balance in n ature is disturbed, it will result in a number of po ssible unforeseeable effects.翻译:自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响。
4. The final examinationis close at hand; you'd be tter spend more time reading.翻译:期中考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书。
5. What is interesting isthat consumers find it increasingly difficult to identify the nationality of certain brands. This is due partly to globalization andpartly to changes in the location of production.翻译:有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国,其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化。
6. A recent survey showedthat women account for 40percent of the total workforce.翻译:最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%1. A person is never tooyoung to receive the clear message that the law isto be taken seriously.翻译:应尽早告知年轻人:必须认真对待法律。