复习be助动词和do 助动词
一．用is , am, are , , do , does , 来填空
1.He _____ from a small town in North China.
2.They ____ kind to us .
3.I _____ interested in playing football.
4._____ you like swimming ?
5._____ he go to school by bus every day?
6.______ they do their homework every day?
7._____ Tom good at maths?
8.____ Sam and Tim like climbing trees?
9._____ She busying doing her homework?
10.We _____ all middle school students.
二．用 like 和 likes 填空
1.I _____ collecting stamps.
2.He _____ flying kites on sunny days.
3.They ______ running and jumping.
4.Jack ____ riding bicycles on summer days.三．把下列句子变成疑问句，并作肯定和否定的回答
1.He is the tallest students in our class.
2.They are running on the playground.
3.She can sing and dance.
4.They must get up early.
5.He may come here by train.
四．把下列句子变成疑问句，并作肯定和否定的回答
1. They speak English every day.
2. He speaks English every day.
3. The have a large room.
4. He has a large room.
五．区分下列哪些是主系表结构，那些是主谓宾结构
1. We are Chinese.
2. We study hard.
3. He is a good friend of my father.
4. He likes playing basketball.
5. They do well in drawing pictures.
六．用is, am, are, was , were, do, does , did 填空
1. He ____ my Chinese teacher.
2. They _____ from Canada.
3. I _____ taller than my sister.
4. She ____ a nurse five years ago.
5. They _____ very short ten years ago.
6. I ____ six years old eight years ago.
7. _____ they help you with your work?
8. _______ he go to the cinema on Sundays?
9. ______ they give you some useful books?
10. ______ he visit the school yesterday?
七．汉译英
1. 英语是我最喜欢的科目。
2. 他是我们的音乐老师。
4. 他们是我的叔叔们。
5. 五年前，他是一名邮递员。
6. 他每天吃面包。
7. 他们每天吃面包。
8. 他每天骑自行车去上学。
9. 我们每天骑自行车去上学。
10. 她昨天去看望了他的祖父母。
八．用don’t和doesn’t 及 didn’t填空
1. we ____ like playing computer games, he ____ like either.
2. She ______ like going shopping on Sundays.
3. They _____ study hard three years ago.
4. We _______ go to school yesterday.
5. Tom and Tim _____ like watering flowers.
6. These men _____ like smoking.
7. The dog _____ like eating bones.
8. I _____ have my own house two years ago.
九．把下列句子变成否定句和疑问句
1. He is a middle school student.
He isn’t a middle school student.
Is he a middle school student?
2. She is the shortest in the class.
3. That is a difficult problem.
4. They are swimming in the river.
5. I am doing my homework.
6. She is drawing a picture now.
7. He can sing English songs.
8. They must get up early in the morning.
9. He will come to see us next month.
10. They are going to have a meeting next Monday.
十．把下列句子变成否定句和疑问句
1. They go to school on foot every day.
2. He goes to school by bus every day.
3. They went to school on foot yesterday.
4. He went to school by bus yesterday.
5. They play football every Sunday.
6. They played football last Sunday.
7. They will give us a talk next Tuesday.
8. They have given us three talks so far.
9. They had given us three talks before they left.
10. He was doing his homework when his mother came home.
11. They were playing chess when the teacher came in.
十一。用下列动词的适当形式填空
1. There _________(be) three dogs under the tree.
2. They _________(have ) got three dictionaries.
3. He _________(read) a book when the telephone rang.
4. You had better _________(go) home at once. 2011.11.13
同一动词的各种形式 11.13
十二。写出下列动词的五种形式
原形不定时第三人称单数过去式现在分词过去分词jump to jump jumps jumped jumping jumped
climb
play
dance
open
close
十三。写出下列动词的五种形式
原形不定时第三人称单数过去式现在分词过去分词
go to go goes went going gone
come
have
do
make
take
hear
say
read
write
sing
draw
sit
stand
lie
run
eat
drink
get
练习：一。用be动词的适当形式填空
1.It ______(be) an interesting story.
2.They ______(be) interested in playing football.
3.She ______(be) a middle aged woman.
4.He ______(be) doing his homework.
5.I ______(be) afraid I can’t go with there with you.
6.There ______(be) a book on the table.
7.There ______(be) two books on the table.
8.There ______(be) a meeting tomorrow.
9.There ______(be) a meeting yesterday.
10.I ______(be) a middle school student.
11.I ______(be) a primary school student five years ago.
12.I ______(be) a high school student next year.
13.I ______(be) a middle school student for two and half years.
14.I ______(be) a middle school student two years before.
15.He said he ______(be) a college student in five years.
16.Look! They ______(be) walking across the street.
二．单选
1. They _______ here for eight years.
A. were
B. will be
C. have been
2. What _____ the tree ____ in three years?
A. will, be
B. does ,be
C. do , be
3. He ____ a teacher before I came here.
A. have been
B. had been
C. is
4. He _____ a teacher since he came here.
A. have been
B. has been
C. had been
5. He said there ____ a new school the next year.
A. will be
B. would be
C. was
6. Tom and Sam ____ good friends three years ago. A. was B. were C. is
练习：一。用下列动词的适当形式填空
1.He _______ (go) to work by bus every day.
2.They ________ (go) to work by car every day.
3.He often ________ (help) us with our housework.
4.Tom and Tim usually ________ (play) basketball on Sundays.
5.Look! She ________ (walk) on the grass.
6.It’s nine o’clock, The students ________ (have ) their lessons.
7.He ________ (do) his homework at ten o’clock last night.
8.I _______(read) a book when the telephone rand.
9.Tim ________ (visit) his uncle next month.
10.He ________ () his homework before his mother came.
11.The train ________ () when we ran to the station.
二．单选
1. They often _____ to school on foot.
A. go
B. goes
C. went
2. He usually _____ up at 6:00.
A. get
B. gets
C. will get
3. Look! They _____ with a dog over there .
A. play
B. are playing
C. is playing
4. He _____ us a talk tomorrow.
A. is giving
B. give
C. will give
5. He ______ here for ten years.
A. lives
B. lived
C. have lived
6. He _____ got three toy cars.
A. has
B. have
C. had
7. I ______ from him for three weeks.
A. haven’t heard
B. hadn’t heard
C. didn’t hear
8. She said she ______ the city the next month.
A. will leave
B. would leave
C. left
一．用下列动词的适当形式填空
1.The tree ______________ (water) every day.
2.The trees _______________ (water) every day.
3.The trees _______________ (water) next week.
4.He said the trees _______________ (water) the next week.
5.Look! The tree _______________ (water) now.
6.Look! The trees _______________ (water) now.
7.The tree _______________ (water) at eight o’clock yesterday morning.
8.The trees _______________ (water) at eight o’clock yesterday morning.
9.The tree _______________ (water) for ten minutes.
10.The trees _______________ (water) since ten minutes ago.
11.The tree _______________ (water) fifteen minutes ago.
12.The trees _______________ (water) fifteen minutes ago.
二．单选
1.She _____ to John’s birthday three days before.
A. is invited
B. was invited
C. invited
2. They _________ to go into the building after they show their ID cards.
A. are admitted
B. will be admitted
C. were admitted
3. The apple tree ______ once a day.
A. are watered
B. is watered
C. was watered
4. They ______ much food since they came here.
A. have been given
B. has been given
C. have given
4. The room _____ before we arrived.
A. has been cleaned
B. had been cleaned
C. was clean
5. The floor _____ twice a day.
A. is swept
B. is sweeped
C. was swept
6. The bridge ______ by the workers three years ago.
A. was built
B. were built
C. will be built
7. A new factory ____ in the village next year. A. is built B. will be built.
非谓语动词 概述：英语中有三种非谓语动词形式，即动词不定式（to do）、动词-ing和过去分词-ed。 动词不定式 动词不定式是由不定式符号to后接动词原形构成，也有个别情况不带to，只用动词原形。不定式可以行使名词、形容词和副词的功能。 一、不定式充当的句子成分 1．做主语：To dance is a lot of fun. = It is a lot of fun to dance. 跳舞非常有趣。 2．做宾语：You must learn to forgive. 必须学会原谅他人。 3．做表语：To choose time is to save time. 4．做宾补：She asked me to speak more loudly. 5．做状语： (1) 表目的：I went to the park to breathe the fresh air. 我去公园（为了）呼吸新鲜空气。 (2) 表原因：I am sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉给你添麻烦。 6．做后置定语： There is no time to lose. 时间不可拖延。 Give me something hot to drink. 给我一些热的东西喝。 注意： 不及物动词后面的介词：They have a lot of things to talk about. He is looking for a room to live in. 二、不定式的几个主要句型 1．Ask / tell sb. (not) to do sth. I asked him to open the window. (= I said to him, “Open the window.”) 不定式的否定式：not+不定式: My father told me not to be late. (= My father said to me, “Don’t be late.”) 2．疑问词+不定式 不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中担当主语、宾语、表语等。 What to do is a big problem. I know how to solve the problem. Can you tell me which way to go? 3．省去to的不定式 (1) 感官动词之后作宾语补足语。表示动作的全部过程 Every bird loves to hear himself sing. 每只鸟都喜欢听自己鸣唱。 (2) 使役动词之后作宾语补足语：相关的使役动词为let, make和have The boss made them work the whole night. 老板迫使他们工作了一整夜。 注意：被动语态中，to不能省略。 They were made to work the whole night.
第五讲动词 Part 1动词的分类 动词是构成英语句子的核心，是英语中最关键的词类，也是中考考查的重点项目之一。动词根据意义可以分为四类：系动词、实义动词即行为动词（包含及物动词和不及物动词）、助动词和情态动词。 考点一系动词 系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与表语结合构成系表结构，来说明主语的状态、性质、特征、身份等。 Be 动词用法 （1）be 动词（am ,is ,are）这三个动词常用作连系动词，在句中起连接主语和表语的作用。 This is my mother. 这是我的妈妈。 I am nine. 我九岁了。 You are my good friend. 你是我的好朋友。 （2）be 动词三种形式的使用主要取决于主语。 主语是第一人称I（我）时，用am, 主语是第二人称you (你,你们)或名词及代词的复数时，用are，主语是第三人称单数it，he, she(它，他，她)或名词及代词单数时，用is. （3）am, is, are 的意思是“是”，但不能处处翻译成“是”。 How are you? 你好吗？ （4）对be 进行否定，加not I am a teacher. ——I’m not a teacher. They are students.—— They are not students. （5）Be 与be not 的省略形式 What’s=What is name’s=name is I’m=I am You’re=You are he’s=he is I am not (I’m not) are not (aren’t) is not (isn’t) 【典例精析】 （）1. — Do you know the song Gangnam Style? — Of course. It ____ interesting. A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. feels （）2. — Dinner is ready. Help yourself! — Wow! It __________ delicious. You are really good at cooking. A. looks B. sounds C. tastes D. feels
一、选择题 1．“_______ exercise every day, my child. It’s good for your health,” Father said. A．Taking B．Took C．Take D．Takes 2．Don’t________ in the classroom. It’s important ________ quiet when you study. A．talk, keep B．to talk, keep C．talk, to keep D．to talk, to keep 3．Don’t _______TV too much . It’s bad for your eyes . A．watch B．watched C．watching D．to watch 4．The teacher often says, “ _____ late for school. ” A．Don’t B．Don’t be C．Not D．Doesn’t 5．Peter, ______ more if you want to get high scores in the P.E. test next month. A．practice B．practices C．practicing D．will practice 6．Jerry，______ angry with others. It's bad for your health. A．doesn't be B．don't be C．isn't D．don't 7．Leave the E-dictionary behind,____ you won't be able to read independently. A．so B．or C．and D．but 8．Take more exercise, you will be healthier. A．but B．or C．and 9．—____ —C-O-L-O-R. A．What's this? B．What color is it? C．Spell it, please. 10．________ the steps, and you can find it convenient to buy things with the mobile phone. A．Follow B．To follow C．Following 11．Get up early,______you’ll be late for school. A．so B．and C．or D．but 12．Don’t ________ your glass too _______. A．fill; full B．fill; filled C．full; full D．full; filled 13．________the key card in your hotel room. Leave it at the reception desk. A．No leave B．Not leave C．Don't leave D．No leaving 14．—Could you take me to the cinema? I want to see the movie named Pacific Rim (《环太平洋》). —______ your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it. A．Finish B．Finished C．To finish D．Finishing 15．Summer is coming. Please______ play near the river, It's very dangerous.
初中英语语法八大时态 一．一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句
学习英语的重要性是众所周知的，从长远的角度来讲，学好英语可以多掌握一门语言，这可以使你多学多知、开阔眼界，可以使你同更多的人交流，使你在今后的生活中有更多的机会等等；从短期目标来讲，学好英语可以使你的考试成绩比其它人更高，可以使你拿到重要的证件，使你获得你想要的入场券等等。 有的同学会说：“这些我都懂，可是我的英语就是学不好，我也花了好多时间在英语上，我的单词就是记不住，做题就是会错；学好英语要长时间的积累，我就剩下几个月就要考试了，我准备放弃英语把时间放在其它科目的提高上来。”在我遇到的学生中的确存在报有这种想法的学生，甚至学生家长也说：“我当年就是外语不好，这孩子像我。” 从一名英语教师的角度来讲，我不同意这种说法。的确，“某些人”是有学语言的天分，但这不能做为把自己当作“另一些人”的借口。我认为任何人都不是天生的学者，大家都有一个学习的过程，就看谁更能有效地利用有限的时间。大家回忆一下你身边的“好学生”们，他们和你在同一间教室中学习，并没有看到他们熬夜，也没有见到他们把头发吊在房梁上，或者用锥子扎大腿，可是他们的成绩就是好。主要原因概括为两点：一、他们比你更投入。他们在看书时心理想的就是书中的内容；你在看书时可能在想今晚6点半有个动画片，我怎样才能骗过妈妈的监视看电视。二、他们比你有更好的学习方法，这不仅限英语，其它科目也是一样。或者说，他们懂得运用学习的技巧，这是你所欠缺的。只要你能突破这两点，那么学习将不再是难事，英语也可以很有趣。一句话，学习高效率。 我的词汇班的学生是年龄分布很广的，有初中准备升高中的，有准备考大学的，有成人要考英语的，还有评职称要求英语分数的等等。这些人大都是对英语很头痛，尤其是对英语单词的记忆更是当作敌人来看待。但是当他们坚持学习了一段时间以后，就对英语产生的很强的兴趣，原因是他们在老师的引导下，找到了学习英语的方法，有了好的方法就会看到自己的进步，看到进步就会产生兴趣，有了兴趣就会主动的学习，这是一个良好的正反馈循环。我曾经对同学们说，一个月的时间可以使你掌握学英语的方法，使你对英语产生兴趣；三个月的时间就算不能使你的英语有质的飞跃，也会使你的英语考试成绩显著提高；这就是方法技巧的重要性。 下面我通过一些例子来说明一下英语词汇和语法学习中的方法技巧。 一、英语学习的注意事项 1. 学习目标 目标是行动的方向指引和动力来源，是照亮你前进路上的一盏明灯。人生要有目标，赚钱要有目标，谈恋爱要有目标，学习更要有目标。比如，告诉自己一定要在3个月后英语提高多少分，达到多少分，或者半年后考试成绩排到班级前3名，年级前10名等等。这里有一个真实的例子：一名准备高考的学生，他的目标就是复旦大学，在考前1个月，他突发奇想地把自己的一支鞋邮寄到了复旦大学，并告诉自己，我一支脚已经在复旦了，我要努力让另一支脚也进去。然后努力准备，终于如愿以偿。我并不是说大家考试前都去邮寄鞋，而是说要有前进的目标和必胜的信念。 2. 计划性 这里所说的计划性是对自己而言的。就是说要和自己比，订的目标和学习计划要和自己当前的学习状况相当。不要看别人又背了几百单词，那怕自己今天比昨天只多背了3个单词，这也是自己的进步。要善于管理自己的时间。时间对于每个人都是公平的，要有效地利用时间。要保持单纯的学习心境，不要胡思
1.If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match. a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has 2.When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast. a. will rise b. shall rise b. should rise would rise 3.In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. a. has made b. have made c. had made d. having made 4.I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work. a. don’t/had b. didn’t/have c. didn’t/had d. don’t/have 5.______ you think he ______ back by dinner time? a. Do/have come b. Did/will have come c. Does/will come d. Do/will have come 6.He said that he dropped his bag when he ______ for the bus. a. was runing b. was running c. were running d. is running 7.No sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey. a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked 8.“______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel. a. Should b. Can c. Might d. May 9.There are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at the same time. a. they may not at all b. all they may not c. they can’t all d. all they can’t 10.“We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He ______ it.” a. mustn’t attend b. cannot have attended c. would have not attended d. needn’t have attended 11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you?” “No, officer. I ______. This car can’t do more than 80.” a. didn’t need to be b. may not have been c. couldn’t have been d. needn’t have been 12.he was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police. a. might b. succeeded to c. would d. was able to 13.If they ______, our plan will fall flat. a..are co-operating b. had not co-operated c. won’t co-operate d. didn’t co-operate 14.I hoped ______ my letter. a. her to answer b. that she would answer c. that she answers d. her answering 15.He ______ live in the country than in the city. a. prefers b. likes to c. had better d. would rather 16.______ to see a film with us today? a. Did you like b. Would you like c. Will you like d. Have you liked 17.I’m sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply ______ what I did. a. must do b. had to do c. ought to have done d. have to do 18.“Time is running out,______?” a. hadn’t we better got start b. hadn’t we better get start b. hadn’t we better get started d. hadn’t we better not started 19.No one ______ that to his face. a. dares say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to say
一、选择题 1．—______________. —G-R-E-E-N, green. A．What's this? B．What color is it? C．Spell it, please. 2．late for class again, Ann. A．Don’t be B．Can’t C．Don’t D．Be 3．Walk ______ the white building and ______ the street. You won’t miss it. A．pass; cross B．past; cross C．pass; across D．past; across 4．good care of yourself when you are alone, or your parents will worry about you. A．Taking B．To take C．Taken D．Take 5．—_____________ dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes. —OK, Mom. A．Getting B．Get C．To get D．Gets 6．Don’t________ in the classroom. It’s important ________ quiet when you study. A．talk, keep B．to talk, keep C．talk, to keep D．to talk, to keep 7．Mike, __________ make any noise, your father is sleeping. A．not B．don't C．won't D．can't 8．Peter, ______ more if you want to get high scores in the P.E. test next month. A．practice B．practices C．practicing D．will practice 9．Leave the E-dictionary behind,____ you won't be able to read independently. A．so B．or C．and D．but 10．Let’s ______ sports after school. S ports are good for health. A．have B．having C．to have D．has 11．Hurry up, you will be late for school. A．so B．or C．and D．but 12．________ for the English test or you will miss the listening part. A．Don’t late B．Don’t be late C．Don’t arrive lately 13．Let’s _____TV. That _____boring. Can we go out to play games? A．watching,sounds B．watch,sound C．watching,sound D．watch,sounds 14．—Could you take me to the cinema? I want to see the movie named Pacific Rim (《环太平洋》). —______ your homework first, and then w e’ll talk about it. A．Finish B．Finished C．To finish D．Finishing
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
小学英语语法：助动词do 的用法 1) 构成一般疑问句，例如： Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗? Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗? 2) do + not 构成否定句，例如： I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。 He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。 3) 构成否定祈使句，例如： Don't go there. 不要去那里。 Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。 说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。 4) 放在动词原形前，增强该动词的语气，例如： Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。 I do miss you. 我确实想你。 5) 用于倒装句，例如： Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 只有在开始大学生活时我们才理解到英语的重要性。 说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。 6) 用作代动词，例如： ---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗? ---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜欢。(do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.) He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何开车，对吧? 助动词do 的用法是我们精心为大家准备的，希望大家能够多加练习，为以后学好英语打下坚实的基础!
一、定语从句的概念什么是定语从句？ 例: A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs the least. 用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫着定语从句。有两个必备的基本元素。一个是先行词；一个是关系词。 1.名词或代词做先行词。 例：He laughs best who laughs last. 2.短语做先行词。Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. 3.用句子做先行词。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(非限制性定语从句) I am a student which you all know. 当先行词与关系词被割裂时是如何表现的。如：Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off. 找先行词的方法。反证法。把它带进去。哪一个是通顺的，哪一个就是先行词。 1.翻译定语从句。 2.结合先行词的结构特点和位置特征在关系词之前寻找与定语从句的意思的有逻辑 关系相符合的词。 二、定语从句里面的关系代词的用法。 1.常用的关系代词：which, that, who, whom。Whom现在用的很少。前面有介词只能用which，不能用that。 2. 关系代词在考试中的特殊情况。 What:1)它是子母同体。相当于一个关系代词以及一个先行词。What前面不应该在出现先行词。如果前面已经有一个关系词，就不能用what来引导。例如：Y ou can have everything what you like. what=all that,所以这儿不能用what.只能用that All---is a continuous supplying of the basic necessities of life A.What（all that）is the need× B.the things need C.for our needs D.that is need√ 2)what单独使用，后面不加名词。 例如：She is not what（all that）she used to be.既做前面的宾语又做后面的宾语 3)what 后面加名词 例如：What money（省略了that）I have has been given to you.（不是定语从句） 1997年考题：______he knows about it is out of date and in accurate A.What little（√）名词性质 B.So much（副词性质） C.How much D.So little as 1.like 2.作为 3.when
复习be助动词和dｏ助动词 一．用is , ａm， are ，， dｏ, ｄoｅs , 来填空 1.Ｈｅ＿＿＿__ frｏm a smａll towｎ in Ｎortｈ Chiｎa。 2.They ___＿ kinｄｔｏus 。 3.I _____ ｉｎtｅｒeｓteｄ iｎ playiｎg ｆoｏtｂalｌ. 4.＿___＿ｙou like swｉmming ？ 5._____ ｈe go to ｓｃhool by bｕｓ evｅｒy dａｙ? 6.＿_＿___ tｈey do ｔｈeiｒｈomeworｋ everｙ dａy? 7.___＿＿ Toｍｇood aｔｍatｈs? 8.____ Sａm and Tiｍ like clｉmbｉng tｒees? 9.＿＿__＿ Sｈe ｂｕｓyｉng dｏing her ｈomｅｗｏrk? 10.We _＿___ alｌ middle ｓchoｏl ｓtudents. 二．用like 和likes 填空 1.I __＿__ collecting stamｐs。 2.Ｈe _＿___ flying ｋｉtes on sunｎｙ dａyｓ。 3.Ｔhey _＿____ runniｎg aｎd jumpiｎg。 4.Jacｋ＿_＿_ riｄing ｂicycｌｅs oｎsｕｍmeｒｄays。三．把下列句子变成疑问句,并作肯定和否定的回答 1.He ｉs ｔｈｅ tａlleｓt sｔｕｄentｓｉｎ our claｓs. 2.Tｈey ａre running ｏn the plａygrｏuｎd. 3.Shｅ can siｎｇａnd ｄaｎｃｅ。 4.Tｈｅy must get ｕp early。 5.He ｍay comｅhｅｒe by train。 四．把下列句子变成疑问句,并作肯定和否定的回答 1。Thｅy sｐeａk Ｅｎglish every daｙ. 2. He speakｓEnglｉsh evｅｒy day。 3． The havｅａｌarｇｅ rｏｏｍ。 4。He has ａlargｅｒoom。? 五．区分下列哪些是主系表结构，那些是主谓宾结构 1。Ｗe aｒe Chｉneｓe。 2。Wｅ stuｄy hard。 3. He ｉs a good ｆrｉend oｆ my fａｔhｅr。 4。 He likｅｓｐlaying ｂaｓkｅtball。 ５。They do well in dｒawiｎg pｉcｔurｅｓ.
一、选择题 1．Hey, James,__________on the wall. A．doesn't draw B．didn't draw C．don't draw D．drew 2．Don’t ________ your glass too _______. A．fill; full B．fill; filled C．full; full D．full; filled 3．— Please ________very quiet. They___________ . — OK, I will. A．to be; sleep B．be; are sleeping C．to be; are sleeping D．be; sleeps 4．______ talk in the library. A．Don’t B．Not C．Not to 5．Mike, __________ make any noise, your father is sleeping. A．not B．don't C．won't D．can't 6．Please _____ look outside. Look at the black board. A．not B．don’t C．aren’t D．can’t 7．Leave the E-dictionary behind,____ you won't be able to read independently. A．so B．or C．and D．but 8．Let’s ______ sports after school. Sports are good for health. A．have B．having C．to have D．has 9．— We need more office supplies. —Ok. Let’s ______ a list. A．making B．makes C．make D．made 10．The window is . Mike, go and it. A．open; closed B．close; opens C．open; close D．closed; opens 11．—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. — _________. A．I don't B．I won't C．I will D．I'd like to 12．—_____________ dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes. —OK, Mom. A．Getting B．Get C．To get D．Gets 13．-Let's make fruit salad. - _____________ . A．No,I'm not B．Thank you C．That's all right D．That's a good idea 14．Tom, your homework all the time. It’ not good for your eyes. A．not do B．doesn’t do C．don’t do D．isn’t do 15．________the key card in your hotel room. Leave it at the reception desk. A．No leave B．Not leave C．Don't leave D．No leaving
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他