高中英语 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致精讲

时态、语态和主谓一致（一）时态一．一般时1.一般现在时构成形式：用法：（1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态, 常与always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，once a week，yearly每年，monthly每月等时间状语或频率副词连用。

The train for Shenzhen ______(leave) at 8 every morning.（2）用于状语从句代替一般将来时, 在when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句，谓语动词是将来时通常用一般现在时代替。

If he ________(succeed), they will be the heroes of human beings.（3）表示人的“观点” “看法” “建议” “态度” “评价”等词、“活动的目的”以及客观事实时，常用一般现在时。

A good medicine ________(taste) bitter.Our geography teacher told us that the earth _____(go) around the sun.2.一般过去时构成形式：用法：表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态注意：一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如: yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, the other day, in the past也常和when, if等引导的状语从句连用.When he was young, Mr. Li often _______(go) to evening schools.He telephoned me to say that he wouldn’t come if it _____(rain) the next day.3.一般将来时构成形式：用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

常与表示将来的时间状语. 如tomorrow, next week/month/year 等连用.Next month we ________(have) an important exam.常用结构：1.用于“祈使句+ and + 陈述句”中。

Work hard and you _________(succeed).2.与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。

If he comes, I ________(tell) you.二．进行时1.现在进行时构成形式：_______用法：表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。

常与now, at the moment等连用。

Don’t make so much noise. He _________(sleep).Nobody knows for sure what she _______ (think) about now.2.过去进行时构成形式：_______用法：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

常用句型：was/ were doing when … was/ were about to do when …It __________ (rain) and cold when we went out to eat.I ________(do) my homework at home this time yesterday.Terry and his wife were tidying up their new home busily ____ the light suddenly went out.I was about to go out ____ the telephone rang.三．完成时1.现在完成时构成形式：_______用法：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 也可表示过去已经开始, 一直延续到现在的动作或状态。

常连用的副词或介词短语有：already, just, yet, ever, never, so far, recently, since, lately, of late, in the past/last few years…So far, it ________(turn) the most influential student activity in the world.Since then, J.K. Rowling _________(become) the most popular writer among children in the world.易错点：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。

简而言之，利用过去，说明现在。

According to the latest news, Amy’s 17-year-old elder daughter ____________(accept) by both Harvard and Yale University.The publication of the book __________(arouse) a discussion on which is the better way of educating, the Chinese way or the American way.2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。

简而言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。

Last year, I ____ (go) to Germany.I _________(be) to Beijing.2.过去完成时构成形式：用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：过去的过去。

常用以下几种方式：a.用by/ up to + 过去的时间Up to/ By 2013, about 4000 meetings ________(take) place in over 50 countries throughout the world.b.用when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句。

When I got to the railway station, the train __________(leave).Before I came to school, he _________(come).c.两个动词动作的先后。

Suddenly, he found that he ___________ (run) out of salt.Nick’s guests, who ___________ (hear) their conversation, asked why they shouldn’t buy.过去将来时构成形式：用法：表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中.All the other students wondered what the boy __________ (do).One day, he came up with an idea that he ________ (pluck) up all of his crops a few inches.语法填空1.It is the fourth time that Mike (travel) to China.2.He (not finish)the work by the end of last month.3.LiMing (know) him since then.4.I (receive) a letter from my brother last night.5.We (be ) to London many times before we left England.6.How long you (learn) English by the end of this term?7.—He (live) in this city since he (leave) his hometown..—When did he (leave) there?—He there three years ago.8.—His father (be) in the Party for years.—When he (join) the Party?—He (join) the Party in 1996.9.—It (rain )for such a long time!—When it (rain)?—It (rain) 3 hours ago.10.I (hope)to be back last night, but I (not catch) the train.（二）语态语态有两种：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿一般来说，主动语态由主语+谓语+宾语+其他成分构成；主语是动作的执行者；而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 它的结构形式是：________________.如何将主动态变成被动？主语+谓语+宾语结构――宾语提前(若宾语是代词,要将宾格转换成主格。

后面相同)加上be动词的正确形式和该谓语动词的过去分词形式再加上by和主语。

即：宾语+ be + 动词过去分词+ by 主语(为主格代词是需要改成宾格).People speak English all over the world. (改成被动)主动形式表被动1.表示“需要”含义的动词，如：need, want require等做谓语动词时，若主语是物，这些动词后可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意思。

The bike needs _________/______________(repair)2.有一类动词技术及物动词也是不及物动词，但如果表示主语的内在特征、性质或所处的状态而不是强调动作本身，就用动词的主动形式表被动，且其后常带有副词。

这类动词有：sell, wash, write, tear, open, shut, cut, close, lock…This sort of cloth _____(sell) well.This cheese _____(cut) easily.The supermarket door ______(shut) automatically.Suddenly the door _______(open).3.be worth doing结构中，用动名词的主动形式表示“某事值得被做”。