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动名词和分词-中考英语复习

动名词和分词-中考英语复习
动名词和分词-中考英语复习

第13讲_动名词和分词

知识图谱

-分词-动名词现在分词的应用过去分词的应用动名词作主语动名词作宾语第13讲_动名词和分词

错题回顾

分词

知识精讲

一、分词的基本用法

分词在句中通常可以用作表语、定语、补语和状语。下面按照现在分词和过去分词的用法分别作介绍。

1. 现在分词的基本用法:

现在分词表示主动的意义,表示一般性的或正在进行的动作。在句子中的的基本功能如下表:

2). have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人做出某种反应”或“保持某种

状态”,如:

Within minutes he had the whole

audience laughing and clapping.

短短几分钟他就令全体观众欢笑,鼓掌。

3). have sth. done意为“让某事被做”,如:

The driver had his car washed once a week.

这个司机一周让人洗一次车。

4. 现在分词作表语与进行时态的区别

现在分词作表语与现在进行时非常类似,但前者表现主语的状态或特征,

而进行时强调动作正在进行,试比较:

1). This task is really challenging. 这个任务相当有挑战。

2). What he did is challenging the authority. 他的所作所为是在挑战权威当局。

二、方法点播

1. 分词有现在分词和过去分词之分,区分二者的区别也是考试的重要考点。我们在选择过去分词和现在分词过程中,只看两点:首先是主被动关系,主动

用现在分词,被动用过去分词,这也是大多数判断分词所遇到的情况;其次就

是看动作完成的状态,现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成。

2. 区分分词作表语和进行时要牢记:现在分词作表语表示主语的状态或特征,而进行时强调动作正在进行。

题模精讲

题模一现在分词的应用

例1.1、

I saw Li Ming _________ near the river on my way home.

A、plays

B、playing

C、to play

D、played

例1.2、

_________ the house on fire, he dialed 119.

A、To see

B、Seeing

C、seen

D、Being seen

例1.3、

用动词恰当形式填空

She caught the student _________ (cheat) in exams.

题模二过去分词的应用

例2.1、

用所给动词恰当形式填空

When I got there, I found the farm tools _______.(repair)

例2.2、

At least 300 million people are using QQ _________ by Ma Huateng to chat on lion.

A、create

B、creates

C、creating

D、created

例2.3、

---Tom, your hair is too long, and you should have it _________ this weekend.

---Ok, I will do it this Sunday.

A、cutted

B、cut

C、to cut

D、cutting

随堂练习

随练1.1、

The teacher came into the classroom _________ by his students.

A、following

B、to be following

C、followed

D、having followed

随练1.2、

The wallet _________ several days ago was found _________ in the dustbin outside the building。

A、stolen, hidden

B、stealing, hiding

C、stealing, hidden

D、stolen, hiding

随练1.3、

_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand.

A、Having been told

B、Having told

C、He having been told

D、Telling

随练1.4、

The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _________ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A、having added

B、to add

C、adding

D、added

随练1.5、

With the money _________, he couldn’t buy any ticket.

A、to lose

B、losing

C、lost

D、has lost

随练1.6、

“Can you read?” Mary said _________ to the notice. (point)

随练1.7、

The graduating students are busy _________ material for their reports. (collect)

随练1.8、

The missing boys were last seen _________ (play) near the river.

随练1.9、

I had to shout to make myself _________ above the noise. (hear)

随练1.10、

Properly _________ with numbers, the books can be easily found. (mark)

动名词

知识精讲

一、动名词的构成

动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词+ing构成,否定形式为not doing,具有名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语;同时也保留动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。

二、动名词的基本用法

1. 动名词作主语

动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某

件事情。例如:

Walking is good exercise.

走路是很好的运动

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.

乘火车到杭州要16个小时。

动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用“It is…”和“There is…”两种句式来表示。例如:

It’s nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。

It’s no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。

It was very difficult getting everything ready. 要把一切按时准备

好很困难。

It is no good learning without practice. 学而不实践是没好处的。

There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。

2. 动名词作定语

动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如:

swimming pool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料

walking stick 手杖floating needle 浮针

opening speech 开幕词listening aid 助听器

waiting room 候车室running water 自来水

developing countries 发展中国家working people 劳动人民

sleeping child 熟睡孩子

当分词短语做后置定语时,可以转换成定语从句,如:

She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.

= She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai.

她乘坐了去上海的火车。

There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park.

= There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park.

在我们面前有两条路,一条通向沙滩,另一条通向公园。

3. 动名词作表语

动名词作表语的时候,特别要注意:不要与现在进行时混淆。动名词作表语,表达的是“某件事”等,而进行时则强调动作正在进行,试比较:

His part-time job is promoting new products for the company.(动名词)

他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。

He is promoting new products for the company.(进行时)

他正在为那家公司推销新产品。

4. 动名词作宾语。

与不定式类似,动名词也经常会跟在动词之后,做动词的宾语。我们经常记的一些短语或固定搭配其实就是动名词作宾语的语法现象,如:

He is fond of playing football. 他对踢足球很热忱。

I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。

动名词作宾语,根据用法不同,可以把动词分为以下几类:

1). admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel,like,finish,forgive,give up,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practice,put off,resist,risk,suggest,can’t help(情不自禁),can’t stand(无

法忍受)等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语,即只跟doing。

2). forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或

词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,如:

I remember doing the exercise. 我记得做过练习。

I must remember to do it. 我必须记着做这事。

Stop speaking. 不要讲话。

He stopped to talk. 他停下来讲话。

3).在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作

宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:

We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这里吸烟。

We don’t allow students to smoke. 我们不允许学生吸烟。

4).动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主

动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动

式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如:

The window needs/requires/wants cleaning

= The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned.

窗子需要清洗。

Her method is worth trying. 她的办法值得一试。

5).在短语devote to(致力于),look forward to,stick to,be used to(习惯于),object to(反对……),thank you for,excuse

me for,be(kept) busy,have difficulty/ trouble/ problem(in),

have a good/ wonderful/hard time(in),there’s no use/ good/need,feel/ seem like/ get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如:

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

期待你的来信

6).在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区

别。有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。如:

I like swimming very much. 我很喜欢游泳。(习惯)

I like to go swimming today. 今天我想去游泳。(偶尔一次)

三点剖析

一、高频考点:

1. 一些动词或短语后经常跟动名词作宾语,总结如下:

完成练习值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)

继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up)

考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like)

喜欢思念还介意(enjoy, miss, mind)

2. 注意下列短语中的to为介词,而不是不定式,后接动名词。

make contributions to…为……做贡献

devote oneself to… 致力于……

look forward to…期盼……

prefer…to…比起……更喜欢……

be used to…习惯于……

3. need, require, want后加动名词,主动表被动,如:

The washing machine needs repairing.

=The washing machine needs to be repaired.

洗衣机需要被修理。

3. 动名词与现在分词的区别

试比较一下几句中doing的区别:

The most important thing for you now is finding a job.(动名词)

对你来说现在对你最重要的事是找到一份工作。

The situation is very much encouraging.(现在分词)

形势非常令人鼓舞。

Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year.(不定式)

他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。

二、方法点播:

1. 动词之后接to do的不定式,还是doing的现在分词作宾语时考试钟爱

的考法。攻克这类题目最直接的方法是积累这些固定用法,把它们当做固定表

达的方式记下来,并在写作中经常应用,久而久之,形成习惯,就不会出错了。

2. 动名词作表语,容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。我们需要记住它们的区别,即动名词表语表达的是“某件事或动作”(与不定式短语的意义相近),而

现在分词表语表示“具有某个作用”。

题模精讲

题模一动名词作主语

例1.1、

It’s no use _________ so much money on clothes.

A、spend

B、spent

C、spending

D、being spent

例1.2、

翻译句子

游泳是我最喜欢的运动。

_______________________________________________.

题模二动名词作宾语

例2.1、

---Tom prefers _________ to _________.

---Let’s ask him to take part in our dancing club!

A、singing; dancing

B、dancing; singing

C、to sing; dance

D、to sing; dancing

例2.2、

---I’ve shown you all the interesting and important places of our school.

---Thank you for_________ so much time.

A、taking

B、spending

C、costing

D、having

例2.3、

The book is well worth _________. I plan _________ one.

A、read; to buy

B、reading; buying

C、reading; to buy

D、read; buying

随堂练习

随练2.1、

_________ early is a good habit for us.

A、get up

B、getting up

C、to get up

D、gets up

随练2.2、

翻译句子

1.今天去没有用, 他不会在家.

_______________________________________________

2.你写完作文了吗?

_______________________________________________

3.请原谅我来晚了.

_______________________________________________

4.他不声不响地走了进来.(without)

_______________________________________________

5.他走进来了, 没有被看见.(without, see)

_______________________________________________

随练2.3、

They insisted on _________ another chance to try.

A、given

B、giving

C、being given

D、to be given

随练2.4、

You must do something to prevent your house _________.

A、to be broken in

B、from being broken in

C、to break in

D、from breaking in

随练2.5、

--- Where is my passport? I remember _________ it here.

--- You shouldn’t have left it here. Remember _________ it with you all the time.

A、to put; to take

B、putting; taking

C、putting; to take

D、to put; taking

随练2.6、

His room needs _________, so he must have it _________.

A、painting; painted

B、painted; painting

C、painting; painting

D、painted; painted

自我总结

课后作业

作业1、

The library’s study room is full of students _________ for the exam.

A、busily prepared

B、busy preparing

C、busily prepare

D、are busily preparing

作业2、

We’re _________ to listen to her _________ voice. It’s _________ to hear her sing.

A、pleased; pleasing; pleasure

B、

pleased; pleasant; a pleasure

C、

pleasing; pleased; a

pleasure

D、pleasing; pleasant; pleasure

作业3、

_________ a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.

A、To save

B、Saving

C、Saved

D、Having saved

作业4、

_________ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. (write)

作业5、

When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _________ a patient. (examine)

作业6、

_________ a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from

illness very quickly. (give)

作业7、

He wrote a letter to me _________ that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather. (inform)

作业8、

The ground is _________ with _________ leaves.

A、covering, falling

B、covered, falling

C、covered, fallen

D、covering, fallen

作业9、

I’ve never heard the word _________ in spoken English.

A、use

B、used

C、using

D、being used

作业10、

The cars _________ in Beijing are as good as those _________ in Shanghai. (produce)

作业11、

Only _________ English doesn’t mean _________ the language.

A、to learn; to learn

B、learning; learning

C、learning about; learn

D、learning about; learning

作业12、

用所给词的恰当形式填空

1. _________ more books can make one live longer. (read)

2. She didn’t mind _________ overtime. (work)

3. We are looking forward to Mary’s _________. (come)

4. She ought to be praised instead of _________. (criticize).

5. He came to the party without _________. (invite)

作业13、

She decided to devote herself _________ the problem of old age.

A、to study

B、studying

C、to studying

D、study

作业14、

As she is looking forward to _________ from me, please remember _________ this letter on your way to school.

A、hear; post

B、hearing; to post

C、be heard; posting

D、be hearing; to posting

作业15、

_________ his mother, the baby could not help _________.

A、To see; to laugh

B、Seeing; to laugh

C、Seeing; laughing

D、To see; laughing

作业16、

The sentence needs _________.

A、improve

B、a improvement

C、improving

D、improved

动名词与分词

现在分词呢,是由动词末尾加-ing 形式构成,因此又叫动词的-ing 形式。V+-ing 千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟! 不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。见图 作主语:动名词 1 Teaching is my full-time job. 2 Writing an English composition is not easy. 3 It’s useless taking this kind of medicine. 作表语 (1)动名词 My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job. (2)现在分词 The play is exciting. ≠ Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. ≠Interesting was the story he tol d us. 作表语 (1)动名词 My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job. (2)现在分词 The play is exciting. ≠ Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. ≠Interesting was the story he told us. 作宾语:动名词 I have just finished doing my home work. I suggested asking his brother for some money. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now. 只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个:resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep on、look forward to、enjoy、include、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、can’t help、miss。 作宾语补足语:现在分词 I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open. The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest. 能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些,看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住:make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel。 对了,用“三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”。多简单! 作定语 ⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。 a washing machine =a machine for washing a swimming pool =a pool for swimming 例:This is a new washing machine. ⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词,放在被修饰的名词前;如果是短语,放就放在被修饰的名词之后。 a developing country =a country which is developing a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping

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冠词部分 【复习目标】 ▲掌握定冠词与不定冠词的用法。 【课前准备】 ?要求学生对冠词的用法作一归纳。 【知识要点】 (一)不定冠词a,an的用法如下: a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。 值得注意的是: A. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以元音字母u开头就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform 。 B. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头,而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素,就用an。例女口hour, honest 。 C. 如果不定冠词和名词前有其他词,不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress 。 1 表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个) A_dictio nary is a useful, book. An_un dergr ound train can start and stop quickly. 2 用于表示数量、时间的名词前,表示"一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。The plan will be ready in a day or two, once a week. _ 3 ?泛指某人或某物,但未具体说明何人、何物,如: A_boy is wait ing for me. Give me a_pe n, please. 4 用于某些固定短语中 女口:a_few, a little, a lot of, a nu mber of, just a mi nu te, i n a hurry, for a while, for_ _ a long time, a_cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give_a less on _ (二)定冠词用法如下: 定冠词的用法如下: 1 ?指彼此都知道的人或事物,如: Open the door, please. Go and close the window. 2 ?特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,如: The _girl in red is my sister. The ma n over there is our En glish teacher. The book on the desk is mine. 3. 指前面提到过的人或事物,如: Here is a picture of a moder n car factory. My father works in the factory. 4 ?用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词前。如:

中考英语常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结

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现在分词和动名词的区别

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中考英语冠词讲解和考点分析

中考英语冠词讲解与考点分析 冠词是中考单项填空必考的语法项目之一,一般每年有一道小题,两个空。因为冠词用法比较灵活,往往随着语境的变化而变化,并且固定搭配和特例较多,失分的考生比较多。本文将结合中考试题,归纳冠词的考点。 第一部分:基础知识 一、冠词概述 冠词是虚词,它不能单独使用。只能附在一个名词上说明这个名词。冠词分为不定冠a(an)词和定冠词the。不定冠词一般表示泛指;定冠词一般表示特指。 二、不定冠词a(an)的用法 A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。a用于辅音字母开始的词前;an用于元音字母开始的词前。如:a girl an English book B. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个(泛指)。如: His father is a doctor. I work in a middle school in Beijing. C. 不定冠词用于单数可数名词前,可以表示其全类(泛指)。如: An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English. 三、定冠词the的用法 ①表示上文提到过的人或事物。

如:He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionary is very good. ②用于单数可数名词前,表示整体或类别。 如:The panda is a rare animal. 此句等于:A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals. ③用来表示世界上独一无二的事物。 如:the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world ④用于表示阶级、党派的名词前。 如:the Chinese Communist Party, the working class the proletariat 无产阶级 ⑤常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前。 A. 用于许多江海,山脉,群岛等名词前: The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific Ocean B. 用于由普通名词构成的国名: The People's Republic of China the United States C. 用于机关、团体、朝代、时代、报刊杂志等名词前: the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty

英语动名词与现在分词的用法区别

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现在分词与动名词

V-ing 的非谓语动词用法: 动名词和现在分词的区别 V-ing 在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。现将其可以充当的句子成分 列表对照如下: 一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如: 1. 作主语、表语 动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如: Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生.(主语) Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语) 2. 作宾语 动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如: Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗? 3. 作定语 动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如: Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。 二、V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如: 1. 作定语 现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如: The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。 若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如: The song being broadcast is very popular with the young students. 正在播放的歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。 现在分词与动名词作定语的区别: 现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动名词作定语表示作用与用途。如: Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句which are sleeping) I think some sleeping pills may help you. 我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping) 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so或much等修饰。如: The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。

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