动名词和现在分词的区别
1 做定语时的区别
◆动名词做名词的定语用来说明名词的用途、作用或功能。
Eg: She is studying in the reading room. The room is for reading.
◆现在分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系强调动感表示该动作的主动
和进行。单个现在分词做定语时位置在前分词短语做定语时要后置。
Eg: a sleeping boy The boy is sleeping.
2 做表语时的区别
◆动名词做表语动名词相当于名词的功能常说明主语的内容可回答what 的提问。Eg: My hobby is collecting stamps.= Collecting stamps is my hobby.
◆现在分词做表语说明主语的性质、特征等有“主动、进行、使”或“令人怎样”等意义。可回答how 的提问前面可用very,quite, rather 等副词或形容词的比较级、最高级修饰。
Eg: The news is encouraging. The story is the most interesting one.
3 动名词在句中可做主语、宾语和复合结构
3 1 动名词做主语泛指经常性的、抽象性的动作也可用It 做形式主语常见的
句型有
it is/was no use/good Not any use/good
Of little use/good A waste of time
Learning from others is important.
3 2 动名词做宾语要注意以下动词只能用动名词来
做宾语要牢记下面的口诀
考虑建议盼原谅承认推迟没得想(consider/suggest/advise/look forward to/forgive)(admit/delay/)
避免错过继续练否认完成就欣赏(avoid/miss/continue/)
(deny/finish/admire/appreciate)
禁止想象才冒险不禁介意准逃(forbid/ imagine/risk/mind/allow/escape)
另外有些动词词组也要用动名词作宾语如be used to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to,object to, pay attention to, can't stand, give up, feel like, insist on, put off, apologize for 等。Eg: He admitted taking the key.
3 3 动名词的复合结构名
词所有格/物主代词+ Ving
Sb's + Ving
这种结构多在句中作主语或宾语。若在句子开头使用必须用物主代词或名词所有
格若做宾语其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时用普通格。
Eg: Him/his coming made us very happy.
I don't remember my mother's complaining.
4 现在分词可在句中作宾补、状语及独立主格结构
4 1 做宾补现在分词作宾语补足语强调宾语与宾语补足语之间的主动关系
分词前的谓语多是感官动词和使役动词。
◆用于see, watch, notice, observe, feel, hear 等感官动词之后表示正在进行的动作。
Eg: When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.
◆用于have, get, keep, leave 使役动词之后表示该动作持续一段时间。Eg: Sorry to
have kept you waiting a long time.
4 2 作状语现在分词做状语意义相当于状语从句表示时间、原因方式、条件
常位于句首结果或伴随状况常位于句末等。
★一般式表两个动作同时发生完成式表两个动作先后发生。
★现在分词做状语无论主动式还是被动式其逻辑主语和句子主语应保持一致。
Eg: They entered the theatre, talking and laughing. (表伴随)
Having won the championship, he was awarded a million dollars. 表原因
4 3 现在分词作独立主格“独立主格”指没有主语和谓语它不是句子而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子主语不同它们不指同一人或同一事物。
Eg: Spring having come, it is getting warmer and warmer.
Time permitting, we'll stay longer.
【练习】
现在分词练习
1. Travelling is , but we often feel when we are back from travels.
A. interesting; tired
B. interested; tiring
C. interesting; tiring
D. interested; tired
2. When I was passing by I saw them basketball on the playground.
A. play
B. to play
C. playing
D. played
3. The mothers saw their children well at the nursery.
A. taking care of
B. to take care of
C. to be taken care of
D. taken care of
4.Tell the children there not to make so much noise.
A. play
B. playing
C. to play
D. played
5. I don't like the photo by your brother last Sunday.
A. taking
B. to take
C. taken
D. to be taken
6. a deep breath, they dived into the water.
A. Taken
B. Taking
C. To take
D. Took
7. You had better your hair after school.
A. had; cut
B. have; cut
C. to have; cut
D. to have; to cut
