初三英语中考语法考点重难点详解（十九）
现在分词与过去分词初中知识点整理（含练习）
分词就两种：现在分词和过去分词，分别都可以作定语也可以作状语，分词用法是高中英语学习的重点。
一、两种分词的主要区别
现在分词-ing 有主动含义，或表示动作正在进行；过去分词-ed 有被动含义，或表示动作已经完成。分词因都是由动词变来的，仍保留这动词的特性，可以带自己的宾语，也可以被状语修饰。
二、分词作定语、状语和复合宾语
[1] 作定语：一个独立的分词作定语，放在修饰的名词之前；而分词短语作定语，放在所修饰的名词之后。如：
The baby has a running nose. 这个宝宝流鼻涕。
The woman standing behind the counter served me. 站在柜台后面的那个女人接待的我。
I have a friend called Black. 我有个叫布莱克的朋友。
He gave me a broken glass. 他给了我一个破玻璃杯。
[2] 现在分词做下列动词的宾补。
如：He kept me waiiting. 他让我一直在等。
I saw him eating a big apple.我看见他正在吃一个大苹果。
Jenny saw something moving in the garden. 杰瑞看到有东西在花园里动。
[3] 现在分词作状语，描述动作发生的样子，分词本身和句子的主语之间，有主谓关系。如：
She came running towards me.
她向我跑来。running 用于描摹came 的方式，是“跑着过来”的。running 和主语she 之间是主谓关系，也就是说，running 这个“跑”是有she “她”发出来的！
过去分词作状语，也是描述动作发生的样子，只不过去分词和主语之间是被动关系:
Accompanied by his Dad, he visited his new teacher. 在父亲的陪伴下，他看望了自己的新老师。其中的accompanied 和主语he 之间是被动关系，也就是说，he 是“被陪伴”的！
[4] 过去分词作表语，放在系动词后面，要注意与被动语态的区别：“主系表”主要表示样子；被动语态表示动作。
常用过去分词作表语的结构有：
be worried (焦虑)
be surprised（吃惊）
be pleased (高兴)
be embarrassed （尴尬）
be tired (疲劳)
get dressed (打扮好)
beome frustrated (沮丧)
get lost (迷路)
get caught (遭遇)
become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。
[5] 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：
They have asked me to have the tree cut down. 他们已经要求我砍掉那棵树。其中cut 是以一个过去分词，tree 和cut 之间是被动关系，实际上是“使这个树被砍”
还有：
have the car washed（找人洗车，使车被洗）
have your hair cut（去理发，使你的头发被剪）
have the house rebuilt（重修房子，使这座房子被重修）
have a new dress made（去做件新裙子，使一件新裙子被做）
巩固练习
1. I never heard him ________ such a thing before.
A. saying
B. to say
C. having said
D. say
2. The students ________in the exercise books may go now.
A. handed
B. having handed
C. to be handing
D. who have handed
3. He looked at me with a ________expression, may be the problem was quite________.
A. puzzled; puzzling
B. puzzling; puzzled
C. puzzled; puzzled
D. puzzling; puzzling
4. I need my bike ________.
A. repaired
B. repairing
C. to have repaired
D. being repaired
5. Could you smell something ________?
A. burn
B. burnt
C. burning d. being burn
6. He entered the house and left me ________outside.
A. stand
B. to stand
C. standing
D. to be standing
7. The meeting ________ tomorrow is very important.
A. held
B. holding
C. being held
D. to be held
8. What ________weather! The lake was ________over.
A. freezing; frozen
B. frozen; freezing
C. freezing; freezing
D. frozen; frozen
9. ________louder and make yourself ________.
A. Speaking; hearing
B. Speaking; heard
C. Speak; heard
D. Speak; hearing
10. Is this the place ________by you the other day?
