主谓一致错误分析
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主谓一致典型错误分析
香河七中 李晓娟
1． read and butter B their daily food. (面包加黄油是他们的日常主食。)
A. is B. are C. have D. were
【辨析】错误认为bread and butter 是两种不同物质。用and连接的并列主语，如果表示一种事物或一种概念时，应用单数动词，此时，后面的名词之前往往没有修饰词；如果不表示一种事物或概念，则用复数动词。如：The poet and writer has come.（诗人间作家来了，指同一个人。）再如： Tom and Jim are friends.（汤姆和吉姆是朋友，指两个人。）因此本题应选【A】。
2． My son and daughter each A their own bikes.（我儿子和女儿各自有自己的自行车。）
A. has B. have C. is D. are
【辨析】错解在于受到each的影响，以为强调的是个人。其实，句子中的each只是说明主语的，谓语动词仍应取决语主语my son and daughter,只有当each作句子主语时，谓语动词才用单数。如：We each earn a dollar. 与Each of us earns a dollar.（我们每人都赚了一美元。），两句意思相同，但句中的主语不同，所以谓语动词形式也不同。故此题选【B】。
3． Professor Li, and not I , D to attend the meeting.（是李教授而不是我被选去参加这个会。）
A. is chose B. are chose C. is chosen D. are chosen
【辨析】错解在于认为此句用and连接的是并列主语，故选“D”。实际上，句中的“and
not I”的前后都有逗号，说明它是插入语，真正主语是professor Li，所以应选【C】。
4． Each boy and each girl D on their wonderful work..（每个男孩和女孩都因为成绩异而受到祝贺。）
A. congratulate B. congratulated C. was congratulated D. were congratulated
【辨析】“each/every+单数名词+and +each/every+单数名词”结构应当作两个单独结构看待，谓语用单数。如：Each book and each paper is found in its place.（每一本书，每一份文件，都可在一定的地方找到。）。所以此题选【C】。
5． Many a D and many a D to the exhibition.（许多学生和许多老师到过这展览会。）
A. student , teacher has been B. student, teacher have been
C. students , teachers has been D. students, teachers have been
【辨析】错解在于不知道many a 与many 虽同义，但用法不同。Many后面必须接可数名词复数，谓语动词也相应的用复数形式。而many a ＋单数名词，后要求接单数谓语动词，这种结构多用于正式文体中。如：Many a fine man has died in that battle.（许多优秀士兵死于那次战役。）类似的结构还有“more than one +名词单数”，谓语动词也用单数形式。如：More than one student in our class has worked out that math
problem.（我们班不止一个学生解出了这道数学题。）。此题选【D】
6． Not only the students but also the class teacher B this kind of game.（不仅是学生，而且我们的班主任老师也喜欢这种游戏。）
A. like play B. like playing C. likes play D. likes playing
【辨析】not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…,or等连词连接主语时，谓语词应遵循就近一致的原则。如：He or I am in the wrong.（他或我错了。） Either you
or your brother is good at skating.(不是你就是你哥哥擅长滑冰。)。所以本题选【D】。
7． A you or your wife going to attend the parents’ meeting tonight?（是你还是你妻子今晚去出席家长会？）
A. Is B. Are C. Was D. Were
【辨析】本题也是属于就近一致的典型错误。因为be动词离主语you最近，所以应选【B】。
8． The engineer with some works D the machine.(工程师和几位工人一起在检修机器。)
A. is examined B. are examined C. is examining D. are examining
【辨析】错误的原因在于with some workers与and some workers含意不同。本题中with
some workers是介词短语，是状语，不是主语。与此题用法相似的还有along/
together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等介词或介词词组，连接主语时，都作状语成分，谓语动词与主语一致。如：The students as well as the teacher
were present at the meeting.（学生和老师出席了会议。）Nobody except/but two boys
was late for school.（除了两个男孩子，没人上学迟到。）。此题选【C】。
9． The younger brother, rather than his two elder brothers, B for the wrong doings.（是弟弟而不是他的两个哥哥，要对错误行为负责。）
A. was to answer B. were to answer C. was to be answered D. were to be answered
【辨析】错误的以为谓语动词应该就近一致，事实上，rather than 引导的部分在句子中作状语，结构上与谓语动词无关，根据主语the younger brother选择单数谓语。句中rather than引导的部分也可放在句末，意义不变。类似的主语后面跟有从属结构的还有：as much as（和 ……一样）, more than（倒不如说）, no less than（和…… 一样）等，句中谓语动词的数必须与主语一致。此题选【A】。
10． Large quantities of food C for the winter.（大量的食物已贮存起来以备过冬。）
A. has stored B. have stored C. has been stored D. have been stored
【辨析】错误以为large quantities of food短语中的food不可数，作主语，谓语应用单数。英语中large/small quantities of 不管后面是可数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。如果改用a good large quantity of food，谓语动词用单数。此题选【D】
11． Either of D wrong. （两位学生中，有一位是错的。）
A. the student is B. the student are C. the students is D. the students are
【辨析】either 与neither后面须接单数名词，而 both后须接复数名词；neither, either作主语，谓语动词用单数，both作主语，谓语动词须用复数。“Either of＋名词复数”表示两者中的任意一个，是单数，所以应选【C】。
12． Two thirds of little Franz’s time D playing in the woods and fields.（小弗朗兹三分之二时间浪费在树林和田野里玩耍了。）
A. waste B. wasted C. was wasted D. were wasted
【辨析】错误在于将分数看作是复数形式，所以用了复数谓语。实际上分数作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于其后的名词，如果是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词，则用单数谓语动词。如：Two thirds of the
students in our class are girls.（我班三分之二的学生是女生。）。本题中的名词time是不可数的，所以应用单数谓语，故选【C】。
13． A number of science books D from our library in the past few months, so the number
of the books D now being reduced..(最近的几个月里图书馆里的许多科技书被偷了，所以书的数目在减少。) A. has been stolen, is B. have been stolen, is
A. has been stolen, are D. have been stolen, are
【辨析】a number of 表示“许多，若干”，修饰可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；the number of表示“……的数量”，也修饰可数名词，但是作主语时，谓语动词用单数。所以本题选【B】。
14． One and a half D in the dish.（盘子里有一只半橘子。）
A. orange is left B. oranges is left C. orange are left D. oranges are left
【辨析】错解在于认为one and a half后接的是名词复数，所以谓语动词也用复数形式。实际上，根据英语习惯，表示“一个半”，有两种表达方法，“a+名词单数+and
