自考电子商务英语语句翻译

一、客观部分：（单项选择、多项选择、不定项选择、判断）（一）、选择部分1.In general, the major benefits of B2B are( ABCD ).A. reduce administrative costsB. expedite cycle timeC. lower search costs and time forbuyers D. decrease productivity of employees E. reduce inventory levels★考核知识点: 企业间的电子商务，参见P148附1.1.1（考核知识点解释）：总的来说，B2B的主要优点有：取代了纸质单据，节约管理成本；减低搜索成本，节约买主的时间；提高雇员处理采购和销售的效率；减少失误，提高服务质量；降低库存水平和库存成本；增加生产弹性，实现即时送货；方便大宗定制；增加合作的机会。

2.In order to keep competitive in EC, logistics industry has begun to employ the（ABD ）structureA. openingB. systematicalC. conservativeD. technicalE. close★考核知识点: 电子商务中的物流，参见P174附1.1.2（考核知识点解释）：为了保持在电子商务中的竞争力，物流业已经开始使用开放的、系统化的技术结构，为企业营造连贯的物流过程，从而实现整个供应链的无缝多点集成。

3.Brokerage models include（ABD ）A. marketplace exchangeB. content-targeted advertisingC. buy/sell fulfillmentD. bounty brokerE. information exchange★考核知识点: 网上商务模式，参见P73附1.1.3（考核知识点解释）：中介模式包括：市场交易、买卖活动、需求收集系统、拍卖中介、交易中介、奖励金中介、分销商、搜索代理、网上商场。

电子商务英语的英汉与汉英翻译Lead-in:电子商务是互联网的产物。

互联网的本质是一个巨大的且不断发展的全球计算机网络。

据估计，目前连接到互联网上的用户已超过5亿，在世界范围内有超过9千万台的互联网主机，从而使在线交易和有效信息量显著增长。

在世界贸易组织关于电子商务的工作组中，电子商务被理解为：采用电子化的方式进行生产、分销、营销、销售或交付货物以及服务。

广义上讲，电子商务包含了电子化媒介或网络，实质上是通过互联网完成的各种商业交易。

电子商务是进行商业交易的一种新途径。

从商业观点来看，电子商务不仅仅局限于商品的购买。

除电子邮件和其他交流平台外，它还包括一个公司可以通过网络提供给顾客的所有信息或服务，从售前信息到售后服务和支持。

电子商务能通过时间和程序方面的效率提高来降低交易费用，从而降低总成本。

（改编自《电子商务英语》，北京大学出版社) Electronic Commerce is the product of the Internet. The Internet is basically a vast and ever increasing network of computers across the globe. It is estimated that the number of persons connected to the Internet today has surpassed 500 million, and there are over 90 million Internet hosts world-wide, facilitating a dramatic increase in the volume of trade and information available online.In the World Trade Organization (WTO) Work Group on Electronic Commerce, it is understood to mean: the production, distribution, marketing, sale or delivery of goods and services by electronic means. Broadly defined, electronic commerce includes an electronic medium or network. It essentially refers to all kinds of commercial transactions that are concluded over the Internet. Electronic Commerce is a new way of doing business.From a business point of view, e-commerce is not limited to the purchase of commodities. Besides e-mail and other communication platforms, it includes all information or services that a company may offer to its customers over the Net, from pre-purchase information to after-sale service and support. E-commerce can reduce transaction costs by increasing efficiency in the use of time and procedures, and thus lowering total costs.Model Essay:W eb BusinessIn the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. (1) More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business to business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they’re looking for.Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. (2) “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,”(3) says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transaction s only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet.(4)Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. (5) Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull”customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push”information directly out to consumers, transmit ting marketing messages directly to target ed customers. (6) Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscriber s’computer monitor s. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to company’s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offering s, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. (7) Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. (8) Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fade s. (9) That’s a prospect that horrifies Net purist s.But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.（摘自《商务英语翻译教程（笔译）》，中国水利水电出版社）Notes:1.web business 网上交易补充：web-surfing 网上冲浪web page 网页website 网站2．revolve around 围绕着例：Their troubles revolve around money management. 他们的麻烦围绕着金钱管理。

2023年自考专业(电子商务)《电子商务英语》考试全真模拟易错、难点汇编叁（带答案）（图片大小可自由调整）一.全考点综合测验(共45题)1.【问答题】翻译：financial transaction正确答案：财务往来2.【填空题】收入;岁入n. r_______________正确答案：revenue3.【单选题】They are gonging to （）a new school for the poor studentsA.set onB.put onC.set upe up正确答案：D4.【问答题】In what seems like the prehistoric times of computer history; the earth ’ s postwar era, there was quite a widespread rumor that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than fifty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but not less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong. Questioning and routine double-checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.37. According to the passage, the author would probably disapprove of__________.A. investment in computersB. complete dependence on computersC. double-check on computersD. the use of computer38. In the author ’ s opinion, people should__________.A. be reasonably doubtful about computersB. use computers for business purposes onlyC. substitute computers for basic thinkingD. check all their answers when using computers39. What is suggested in this passage?A. Computer won ’ t change our personal lives.B. Computer can create unforeseen problems.C. Computer has taken control of the world.D. Computer cannot affect our businesses.40. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To look back to the early days of computers.B. To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.C. To discourage investment in computers.D. To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.正确答案：37. B、38. A、39.B、40.D。

写出下列短语的中文意思Accept a note承兑票据A loan secured by mortgage 抵押作担保的贷款Agency transaction委托交易Direct transaction 直接交易Monetary transaction 现金业务Consumer sales resistance 消费抵制Commission merchant 代销商Bargaining transaction 买卖交易Law merchant 商法，商业习惯法Wholesale merchant 批发商Account purchase 赊购Forward purchase 预购Minor purchase 零星采购Encrypted message 密码电文Agent fee 代理费，代理人酬金Bonded transportation 保税运输The Stock Exchange股票交易所To exchange contracts 交换合同Competitive auctions 竞争性拍卖Piecemeal auctions 零星拍卖Ordinary auctions 普通竞买法Forced auction 强制拍卖Surplus profit 生于利润Quote a remark out of its context 断章取义A gold brick 假货，赝品，骗人的话或行为A promotion worker 推销员Export promotion 促进出口，奖励输出Trade promotion 贸易促进Gift coupons 赠券，礼券Price incentive 价格刺激A general store 百货店Self-service store 自助商店Spare parts store 备件库Joint-venture proposal 合资经营，建议December bonus 年终奖金No clams bonus 无赔偿退款The antagonism between labour and capital 劳资对抗Holder’s signature 持证人签名Accountant’s certificate 查账证明书Customs certificate 海关凭证、把下面的汉语翻译成英语，英语翻译成汉语。

LESSON 1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS国际商务1. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。

International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic countries.2. 随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。

因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。

With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3. 其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。

Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.4. 国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。

International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.5. 除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。

ELECTRONIC COMMERCEFor some time now，large business enterprises have used electronic commerce to conduct their business-to-business transactions．Electronic data interchange（EDI）on private networks began in the 1960s，and banks have been using dedicated networks for electronic funds transfer（EFT）almost as long．Recently，however，with the increased awareness and popularity of the Internet，electronic commerce has come to encompass individual consumers as well as businesses of all sizes．The Internet is already changing the way that many companies conduct their business．As that influence grows，and more companies use the Internet，the possibilities for conducting business-to-business commerce on the Internet will expand greatly，and become more of a routinepart of commerce than it is today[1]．Despite electronic commerce’s past roots in transactions between large corporations，banks，and other financial institutions，the use of the Internet as a way to bring electronic commerce to the individual consumer has led to a shift in viewpoint．Over the past few years，both the press and the business community have increased their focus on electronic commerce involving theconsumer．Meanwhile business-to-business electronic commerce is rolling along，stronger than ever．The Internet has also given business-to-business electronic commerce a boots—in some cases，smaller companies are now discovering that they can conduct business on line，just like their larger counterparts．And businesses of all sizes are finding that they can take advantage of the Internet to lower the cost of electronic commerce—either by replacing other networks，or by using the Internet as another communications medium，converting their business data to digital form，and incorporating it with their business practices[2]．The move for businesses to digitize information isn’t new—it’s been going on for more than one decade，and continues to increase sa personal computers become standard business equipment for more and more corporations．What’s making a notable difference to business is that a significant synergy has formed between the use of digital information，computerized business practices，and the Internet[3]．This synergy is what enables electronic commerce．Before we define electronic commerce，consider for a moment what makes up traditional commerce．Traditional commerce involves more than just selling an item and collecting the money．Here is what’s actually involved in -the sales cycle of a purchase managed without electronic commerce．Once you realize how many tasks and processes are involved in traditional commerce，you discard the simplistic definition of commerce as just the buying and selling of products．You should also discard the equally simplistic definition of electronic commerce as merely the conducting of business transactions over electronic networks instead of paper，telephone，couriers，trucks，planes，and other means of moving products and information．To many，electronic commerce is defined as the buying and selling of products and services over the Internet，but there are many more aspects．From its inception[4]，electronic commerce had included the handling of purchase transactions and funds transfers over computer networks．It’s grown now to include the buying and selling of new commodities such as el ectronic information．And the opportunities for companies seeking to take advantage of the capabilities of electronic commerce are greater than merely adopting our present view of commerce to performing those same transactions over electronic networks[5]．Then，what is the electronic commerce？Electronic commerce is a system that includes not only those transactions that center on buying and selling goods and services to directly generate revenue，but also those transactions that support revenue generation，such as generating demand for those goods and services，offering sales support and customer service（see Fig. 16-4），or facilitating communications between businesspartners．Electronic commerce builds on the advantages and structures of traditional commerce by adding the flexibilities offered by electronic networks．Electronic commerce enables new forms of business，as well as new ways of doing business．Amazon．com，for example，is a bookseller based in Seattle，Washington．The company has not physical stores，sells all their books via the Internet，and coordinates deliveries directly with the publishers so they do not have to maintain any inventory．Companies such as Kantara andsoftware．net take this a step further．Because all of their products（commercial software packages）are electronic，and can be stored on the same computers that they use for processing orders and serving the Web，their inventory is totally digital[6]．As another example，AMP Inc．is offering its clients the opportunity to purchase electronic connectors and related components directly from its Web-based catalog，bypassing the need for EDI-based purchase orders and confirmations[7]．NOTES[1] 长句，由as引导的是由两个并列分句组成的状语从句，主句中possibilities为主语，will expand和become为并列谓语。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文电子商务战略1、隐私隐私权的问题是网上环境和电子商务战略的辩论，也是当今最热门的话题之一。

隐私不仅影响消费者的在线信心和信任，而且还可能造成潜在的法律问题和伦理问题。

如果消费者不熟悉电子的隐私，对企业的在线做法感到不满意，很难想像电子商务将有一个繁荣的未来。

事实上，根据最近的一项民意调查显示...美国人说，他们对医疗保健和犯罪的关注比不上他们对网上个人隐私损失的关注。

并根据全球的DMA沃思林所进行的研究，近百分之六十的购物者说，立法会需要使企业保持良好的隐私政策。

互联网行业是建立在企业与客户之间的信任之上 - 隐私是信任的最重要的成分。

除非他们有效地解决了隐私问题，否则互联网公司将会失去信任，以及他们客户的生意。

世界之窗万维网是一个巨大的有方便信息的数据库，是可以轻松的获得人，公司，机构和许多其他组织的资料来源。

这带来了关于互联网上的隐私问题。

消费者的隐私得到了实质性的关注，因为我们进入了新时代的在线商务环境。

互联网的发展制定出了有关未来保护消费者的隐私权的许多新问题。

新技术，可以提高数据的收集，不断变化的市场趋势和新的电子商务全球市场正在促使越来越重要的信息在全球经济中的重要作用。

由于有关资料显示，特别是已成为了一种有价值的商品，可以带来更多的就业机会，企业和客户服务。

因此，这些因素带来了越来越大的压力，收集、保存、处理和使用个人数据比以前更多了。

这些因素也减少了消费者隐私和消费者信心水平在这样的环境中的缺乏。

在某些情况下，公司没有披露的基本技术和数据收集的特点已经成为了他们自己的网站关注的焦点。

用户认为该网站提供者并没有通知他们正在发生的事情对他们幕后的数据有多大的作用。

站在公司的角度想，说明他们是在监测未经授权的目的，这种做法很可能造成严重的信誉问题，并且会阻止网络用户访问其网站和参与建议。

对于这些关系着未来营销方法和隐私问题的解决方案，有的技术战略已经发展到有助于预防和防范并且可以识别网站和网友称其为数据磁铁。

With the rapid growth of e-commerce, more and more conventional retailers have initiated sales online. Some traditional retailers have gained ground on the Web while the pure Internet retailers have been encountering economic difficulties and failing widely. There are different pricing behavior between online-only retailers and online branches of multichannel retailers. (Tang & Xing, 2001)Interestingly, it is not the pure Internet outlets like” ” that are enjoying the real benefits of the Internet. This is because traditional retailers with a website earn 62 percent of all revenues. One reason for this situation is that it is much cheaper for a multi-channel retailer to attract Web customers than for on-line only operation (organizations with no premises for customers to visit). (Chaston, 2002)Enders and Jelassi (2000) argue that for the time being, it is sensible to design a multi-channel business model that includes both physical stores and online presence. However, this integration has turned out to be more difficult than expected. Having both online and offline distributio channels could contribute to major channel conflicts, different channels may require different pricing, and the Internet could compose a threat to the existing business model.Based on the study of Hyokjin K., books are position in a high-information required and a popular segment. Therefore, advertising practitioner may want to use internet and offline media print rather than radio or TV to stimulate interest (Hyokjin K. et al, 2002; p35). Online ads, for instance, provide information; while offline advertising campaigns are used to keep popularity. The integrated campaign works both to build image and sales over the long term. Among the findings in last year's report is that consumers making purchases for readers aged 14 -17 are more likely to be motivated by recommendations from people they know than by reviews or price. Cover art, reviews, and price play the most important roles in motivating consumers to make purchase decisions about adult books.In order to support sales activities and pricing book companies need to find out what their customers would value most. Online book sellers, to various degrees, had successfully pursued a differentiated strategy on dimensions of brand, price and assortment. (Clay et al., 2001; Smith and Brynjolfsson, 2001; P277). However, some online companies such as , Barnes & , and Bertelsmann each charged approximately the same price, differing at most by 5 cents; these prices were substantially higher than the lowest prices offered at other online retailers (Baker et al., 2001; Hamilton, 2001;Rayport /publications/index.html5 and Jaworski, 2001;P278). Consumers will find that it is different buying from or because the online interface and after-sales services are ifferent. In fact, the retailers with the lowest prices do not receive the most sales(Smith and Brynjolfsson, 2001)."The new technology is today a part of the bookseller's reality, most booksellers are connected to the Internet."--- Director of the Swedish Booksellers Association Today, only about 38% of all books sold are purchased at traditional bookstores. Not surprisingly, the number of bookstores has been drastically diminished. (Peter Curman,1999) Given the state of the Swedish book market, online bookselling has much to offer the reading public. In Sweden, e-commerce of all types is on the rise. Computer technology has been a boon to Swedish booksellers.Seelig,the largest wholesale distributor, offers quite an advanced computerized service to the bookstores. Their new Web catalogue allows booksellers to order titles from around the world. It is also exciting that titles from the new digital publishing house PODIUM are now available in many stores." (Peter Curman, 1999)There are not many case studies being done for interpreting factors that have impacts onpricing strategy. Therefore this can be seen as a pilot case, which will support future argument or leave as a question for further test by followers. The purpose of this master thesis is to understand the factors associated pricing strategy as well as find out the pricing strategy in the new business environment, virtual market place. This means that it must be possible to use the information that will be retained from the research as a compliment or comparison with the traditional theories. The theories related will be elaborated in the following chapter. Based on the discussion of background, we notice that a problem emerges: Pricing strategy in an offline and online environment. So we decide to put 'Pricing strategy in a offline and online environment.' as our research discussion, to get a better understanding of online and offline pricing strategy.Although Sweden is not the unique in the area of pricing strategies in offline and online environments, news came that Sweden has overtaken the US to become the leading nation in terms of e-readiness , based on new research from the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Apr 04 2003. Ranking is based on a number of factors including connectivity and technology infrastructure, business environment, consumer and business adoption, social and cultural infrastructure, and legal and policy environment and support services. Kingdom of Sweden has successfully laid down the E- transaction law and guideline in recent years . Moreover, according to the bar chart (See Figure 1.1), the e-commerce revenue in Sweden from 1999 to 2003 is supposed to increase from USD 1.11 (in billions) to USD 28.85, showing that the extent to which the Internet has pervaded the marketplace and reshaped business transactions, and the eagerness with which citizens have incorporated Internet technology into their daily routines.电子商务的快速发展,越来越多的传统零售商已经开始进行网络销售。

2022年自考专业(电子商务)电子商务英语考试真题及答案一、单项选择题 (本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)依据句子的意思选择一个正确的答案，请将其代码填涂在“答题纸”相应的位置上。

错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

1、He won a decisive victory, 16% ahead of his nearest_______.A.rivalB.candidateC.decadeD.ally2、A______farmer today is at least three times more productive than in 1950.efulB.classicC.classicalD.typical3、There was a______of suppressed anger on his face.A.lookB.seeC.watchD.view4、What’s the matter? It says the network is______.A.doneB.unreachableC.unstructuredD.immobile5、It provides a more efficient way for the client to______data and information from the system.A.retrieveB.returnC.buildD.remember6、______some students are able to find employment after graduation, others will have to return to school and earn an advanced degree.A.SinceB.WhileC.BecauseD.If7、The scientists wanted to keep people_______about the breakthrough in their experiment.rmrmedrmingD.to inform8、When I first arrived in Japan, I was surprised______the way people greeted each other.A.ofB.toC.withD.at9、Not until that day______the importance of good manners ina job interview.A.did I realizeB.I did realizeC.I have realizedD.have I realized10、The market economy is quickly changing people’s idea on______is accepted.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how二、阅读理解 (本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，请将其代码填涂在“答题纸”相应的位置上。