右美托咪定滴鼻和静脉给药对小儿腺样体切除术的镇静效果比较
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龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn 右美托咪定滴鼻和静脉给药对小儿腺样体切除术的镇静效果比较 作者:杜化娟 来源:《医学信息》2020年第04期 龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn 摘要:目的 ;探討右美托咪定滴鼻和静脉两种给药方式对小儿腺样体切除术的镇静效果。方法 ;选取 2015年1月~2018年10月我院收治的63例行小儿腺样体切除术患儿作为研究对象,随机分为DN组、DV组和C组,各21例。C组为空白对照组,麻醉前不做任何处理;DN组麻醉前30 min经鼻滴入右美托咪定(1 μg/kg),DV组麻醉前30 min静滴右美托咪定(1 μg/kg)。记录三组入室(T0)、给药10 min(T1)、给药20 min(T2)、给药30 min(T3)、插管时(T4)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脑电双频指数(BIS)值,比较三组入睡时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间及不良反应发生情况。结果 ;①T0时三组HR、MAP及BIS比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T1时DV组HR下降,且低于DN组、C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);三组苏醒时间比较,DN组0.05)。③三组患儿均未发生呕吐、呛咳、呼吸抑制等不良反应,其中DV组出现1例窦缓、C组出现3例哭闹躁动,其中1例将静脉输液器挣脱。结论 ;右美托咪定鼻内滴注的起效时间慢于静脉滴注,但不良反应少,且不增加苏醒时间;两种途径给药均能获得满意的术前镇静,减少苏醒期躁动。但鼻内滴注无创,患儿更易接受。
关键词:右美托咪定;静脉;滴鼻;腺样体切除术 中图分类号:R726.1 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 文献标识码:A ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.04.035
文章编号:1006-1959(2020)04-0115-03 Abstract:Objective ;To investigate the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine nasal and intravenous administration on adenoidectomy in children. Methods ;63 children who underwent adenoidectomy in our hospital from January 2015 to October 2018 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into DN group, DV group and C group, 21 cases each. Group C was a blank control group, and no treatment was performed before anesthesia; DN group was administered dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) by nasal drip 30 min before anesthesia;In the DV group, dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) was given intravenously 30 min before anesthesia. Record the three groups of admission (T0), 10 min (T1), 20 min (T2), 30 min (T3), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) at intubation (T4) , EEG double frequency index (BIS) value, compared the three groups of sleep time, extubation time, wake-up time and adverse reactions. Results ;①There was no significant difference in HR, MAP, and BIS between the three groups at T0 (P> 0.05); the HR in the DV group decreased at T1 and was lower than that in the DN and C groups,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the HR in the T2-T3 DN group and the DV group decreased, and was lower than that in the group C,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The MAP in group C increased at T3, and was higher than that in DN and DV groups,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the MAP in the DV group and C group was higher than T0 at T4, and the DN group and DV group were lower than the group C,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At T3, the BIS of group C was 龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn lower than that of DN group and DV group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).②Comparison of falling asleep time (children could not fall asleep) between the three groups, DV group compared with the extubation time of the three groups, the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05) ; Comparison of the wake-up time of the three groups, DN group group, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). ③No adverse reactions such as vomiting, cough, and respiratory depression occurred in the three groups. 1 patient had sinus bradyscopy in the DV group, 3 patients had crying and restlessness in the group C, and one of them broke off the intravenous infusion set.Conclusion ;Intranasal infusion of dexmedetomidine has a slower onset time than intravenous infusion, but it has fewer adverse reactions and does not increase the wake-up time; both routes of administration can achieve satisfactory preoperative sedation and reduce restlessness during wake-up. However, intranasal instillation is non-invasive and it is more acceptable for children.
Key words:Dexmedetomidine;Vein;Nasal drip;Adenoidectomy 儿科手术患儿年龄小,依从性较差,对面罩吸入麻醉抗拒,较易产生焦虑和术后躁动。腺样体切除手术视野范围小、时间短,咽喉部刺激强烈,易引起明显的应激反应,且术后呼吸道梗阻、疼痛、创面出血,都会引起患儿躁动甚至危及生命。因此充分的术前镇静尤为重要,右美托咪定(DEX)是一种高效高选择性和特异性的α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂,因没有明显的呼吸抑制、安全性高被广泛用于临床麻醉,其可通过静脉、口服、滴鼻、肌内注射、椎管内以及神经阻滞等多种途径使用。滴鼻是一种新型的给药方式,具有起效快、生物利用度高、简便易行等优点,尤其适用小儿术前镇静。为研究其效果,本研究通过观察其在小儿腺样体手术中的镇静效果,旨在为临床选择更适合的给药方式提供参考,现报道如下。
1资料与方法 1.1一般资料 ;选取北京市门头沟区医院2015年1月~2018 年10月行腺样体切除术患儿 63 例,所有患儿均ASAⅠ级,无先天性、遗传性或精神性疾病,无近期呼吸道感染史。本研究通过医学伦理委员会审查,已与家属签订麻醉知情同意书。将患儿按照随机数字表法分为DN组、DV组和C组,每组21例。DN组男11例,女10例,年龄3~8岁,平均年龄(5.56±1.76)岁,体重16~32 kg,平均体重(23.26±8.13)kg。DV组男9例,女12 例,年龄4~8岁,平均年龄(6.06±1.70)岁,体重17~31.5 kg,平均体重(24.33±7.27)kg。C组男13 例,女8例,年龄4~7岁,平均年龄(5.80±1.63)岁,体重18~31 kg,平均体重(25.40±6.29)kg。三组性别、年龄及体重比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2纳入与排除标准 ;纳入标准:①拟行腺样体手术;②年龄3~9岁;③初次手术。排除标准:①本次入院前已存在哮喘、上呼吸道感染;②先天性、遗传性、精神疾病。