八年级英语句型及语法(英语现在完成时)附答案
一、初中英语现在完成时
1．You must return the books to the library because you _________ them for more than two weeks．
A. have lent
B. have borrowed
C. have kept
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意是：你必须把书还给图书馆因为你已经……两个多星期了。for more than two weeks 表示时间段，在现在完成时中需要和延续性动词连用，lend 和 borrow 都是短暂性动词，keep 具有延续性，故选C。
【点评】考查现在完成时中延续性动词和短暂性动词的转换问题。
2．I ________ an invitation to the concert. I can't wait to go.
A. receive
B. will receive
C. was receiving
D. have received
【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：我已经收到音乐会的邀请，我等不及要去了。由句意得知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函，动作已完成造成的影响是我等不及要去，要用现在完成时，故答案选D。
【点评】考查动词时态。根据题目所给语境推断出应使用的时态。
3．So far Tom with Mary _______ 50 left -behind children to do their homework after school.
A. help
B. helped
C. has helped
D. have helped
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】此题要掌握现在完成时的时间状语及主语+with 短语是单数的概念，即可得出答案。选C。
4．— Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia.
— Oh, that's why I can't find them now.
A. have gone to
B. have been to
C. has gone to
D. has been to
【答案】 A
【解析】【分析】考查主谓一致。句意：——侯博和埃迪去了电影院看电影《疯狂动物城》。——哦，这就是为什么我现在找不到他们的原因。have gone to去了；been to去过。Hobo and Eddie作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。所以选A。
5．—Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it?
—In July. I _____it for two weeks.
A. had
B. have had
C. have bought
D. bought
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意：——你的新自行车那么好看。你什么时候买的。——七月份，我买了两周了。根据for two weeks，可知句子时态为现在完成时，而且谓语动词必须是延续性的。因此排除AD，buy是结束性动词，不能够延续，应此排除，故答案是B。
【点评】考查现在完成时，注意现在完成时中延续性动词的使用。
6．Mr．Fan in 2005．In other words，he for 9 years till now．
A. got married；has been married
B. married；had been married
C. got married；had been married
D. married；got married
【答案】 A
【解析】【分析】首先第一空表述的是一个发生在2005年（即过去）的一个动作，所以为一般过去时，其次 married 后面要接宾语，get married 表示的是短暂性动作，所以应填get married. 第二空由“till now”可知表示的是从过去直到现在的一种状态即为现在完成时，此处married做形容词“已婚的”故填“has been married”,故选A.
【点评】此题考查了动词时态问题，同时也考查了“get married”和“married ”的区别。
7．—Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.
—No, it can't be her. She ______ to Beijing.
A. has gone
B. has been
C. went
D. will go
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：--看！你的老师怀特小姐在那边。--不，那肯定不是她。她去了北京。A. has gone去了某地，表示该人不在说话地点； B. has been去过某地，表示主语曾经去过某地，有这种经历；C. went过去式，去；D. will go将来时态，将要去。根据前面的否定猜测，可知怀特小姐去了北京，故选A。
【点评】考查固定搭配have gone to。
8．—I'm sorry for being late.
—Never mind. The meeting ______for only 5 minutes. This way, please.
A. has begun
B. has ended
C. has been on
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】句意：——对不起，我迟到了。——没关系．会议只开了5分钟，请这边走。for+段时间，通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，begin和end都是短暂性动词，不能用于现在完成时态中表示动作或状态的延续，因此A，B不正确．has been on"在进行，开着（的状态）"，故选C
【点评】现在完成时表示延续性的状态。
9．Great changes in my hometown in the last few years.
A. took place
B. will take place
C. have taken place
D. have been taken place 【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：过去几年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。in the last few years意为“在过去的几年里”,用于现在完成时;take place“发生”没有被动语态。故答案选C。
【点评】考查现在完成时。
10．—How many times _______ you _______ to Beijing this year?
—Three times.
A. have；been
B. had；been
C. have；gone
D. had；gone
【答案】 A
【解析】【分析】句意是：——你今年去过北京几次？——三次。考查have been 与have gone 的区别。have been 是指去过某地切已经回来了，have gone 是指去了某地还没有回来，根据答句Three times.可以推测已经回来了，故选 A。
11．His cat has ________ for five weeks.
A. died
B. been dead
C. dying
D. dies
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意：他的猫已经死了5个星期了。die是短暂性动词，不能表示状态的延续。由时间状语 for five weeks可知应用延续性动词,故答案选B。
【点评】考查现在完成时。
12．Nancy for five years.
A. was dying
B. has died
C. died
D. has been dead
【答案】 D
【解析】【分析】句意：南西去世五年了。A. was dying过去进行时态；B. has died现在完成时态；C. died一般过去时态； D. has been dead现在完成时态。句子强调的是过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在，句子用现在完成时态；die是一个非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语for…连用，用成be dead。故选D。
【点评】本题考查时态辨析。某人去世了多少年就用延续性动词的现在完成时，has been dead。
13．My parents for twenty years by the time I was 15.
A. married
B. had married
C. had been married
D. had got married
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】for twenty years“二十年”．为表一段时间的状语，要求谓语动词具有持续性。而在所给选项中，只有be married表示结婚状态，具有延续性，故选C。
【点评】本题考查非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。
14．— Where is your uncle? I haven't seen him for a long time.
— He _______ Beijing for about half a year. He moved there in January.
A. has gone to
B. has been to
C. has arrived in
D. has been in
【答案】 D
【解析】【分析】考查延续与非延续性动词。根据for about half a year是一段时间，排除非延续性动词A、B、C这三个选项，故选D。
15．—Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?
—Yes, he is. He history for nearly 20 years.
A. teaches
B. has taught
C. is teaching
D. will teach
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你叔叔是老师吗？——是的，他是。他教历史将近20年了。根据句中的时间状语 for nearly 20 years ，可知，表示持续一段时间的动作，用现在完成时，have/has+过去分词。主语是he，用has，故选B.
【点评】考查现在完成时，注意其常与for+一段时间连用。
16．—Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair?
—Because I all my money on an MP5.
A. spend
B. have spent
C. am spending
D. was spending
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】因为把所有的钱都花在MP5上，所以没钱买鞋。强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故选B。
【点评】考查现在完成时的用法，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
17．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.
A. will be
B. was
C. have been
D. would be
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。
【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。
18．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010．
A. offered
B. have offered
C. are offering
D. will offer
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B．
19．—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read?
—I've no idea. I _____ there.
A. have gone
B. have been
C. haven't been
D. haven't gone
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】句意：---你觉得北京怎么样，瑞得小姐？---我不知道，我没有去过那儿。短语：have been to去过某地（已经返回）；have gone to去了某地（尚未返回），根据句意，故答案为C。
【点评】考查短语辨析，区分have been to与have gone to，理解句子，根据语境判断答案。
20．— Mary, I remember you several years ago.
— Yes, I for 3 years.
A. married, have married
B. married, married
C. married, have been married
D. have married, have been married
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】句意：——Mary，我记得几年前你结婚了。——是的，我已经结婚三年了。ago表明时态是一般过去时，所以用过去式married。排除D。for+时间段用现在完成时，并且用延续性动词，现在完成时的结构是have/has+动词过去分词，排除B。marry是非延续性动词，其延续性动词是be married，be的过去分词是been，故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时和现在完成时，注意平时识记非延续性动词及其延续性动词。21．—Where's Mr Jones?
—He to the post office．
A. goes
B. will go
C. has been
D. has gone
【答案】 D
【解析】【分析】句意：jones在哪？他已经去了邮局。该句是问jones现在的去向，而jones去邮局是在询问之前就发生了的并且对现在产生的影响是他还没回来，所以用完成时。故选D。
【点评】分析句意，注意现在完成时的用法之一即已经发生了的事情并对现在产生影响。
22．—Your family have________ Sydney on holiday. Why not join them?
—I've________ the city many times.
A. gone to; gone to
B. been to; been to
C. been to; gone to
D. gone to; been to
【答案】 D
【解析】【分析】句意：——你家去悉尼度假了，为什么不和他们一起呢？——我们去过那个城市好几次了。根据Why not join them，可知是have gone to，去了；根据many times ，许多次，可知用have been to，去过，与次数搭配，故选D。
【点评】考查have gone to和have been to的用法，注意语境。
23．—How long can I _____ the Chinese workbook?
—For three weeks.
A. borrow
B. keep
C. to borrow
D. to keep
【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：——我能保存语文练习本多长时间？——三个星期。情态动词can 用动词原形，所以排除C、D。how long所在的句子用延续性动词，borrow是非延续性动词，keep是延续性动词，故选B。
【点评】考查情态动词和延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法，注意平时识记。
24．How long his grandfather ?
A. has, died
B. has, been death
C. has, dying
D. has, been dead
【答案】 D
【解析】【分析】句意：他的爷爷去世多久了？has died已经去世了，不能与时间段连用；has been death形式错误，death是名词；has dying形式错误；has been dead已经去世了。句中How long问的是一段时间，die是瞬间性动词，不能和一段时间连用，故A不对。has been dead是一个系表结构，表示状态，可以持续。故应选D。
【点评】考查现在完成时延续性动词与短暂性动词的转换。die 非延续性动词，要转换为延续性的be dead。
25．—Why are you looking for Mary in a hurry, John?
—The boss is wondering where she _______ and how long she _______ there.
A. has been; has been
B. has gone; has gone
C. has been; has gone
D. has gone; has been
【答案】 D
【解析】【分析】句意：—你为什么这么匆忙找玛丽，约翰？—老板想知道她去了哪儿并在那儿呆多久。Have/has gone to 意为去了某地，have/has been to 意为去过某地，而have/has been in+地点名词意为呆在某地，停留在某地，当时副词there时，不用介词in，故选D。
26．一Where is Mr．Miller?
一He to New York．He there three times．
A. has been；has gone
B. has gone；has gone
C. has gone：has been
D. has been；has been
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】句意：——Miller先生去哪儿了？——他去纽约了。他去过那3次了。他去纽约了还未回来，用has gone to；他去过三次，用has been。故选C。
【点评】考查现在完成时has gone to 和has been to的用法。
27．-- Anna, could you lend me this book, please?
-- I'm sorry. I it for only two days, and I haven't finished it yet.
A. have bought
B. have had
C. bought
D. had
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意：“安娜，请问你能借给我这本书吗?……对不起，我刚买了两天。我还没有看完呢。”根据答语中的“for only two days”可知要用现在完成时，而且应用延续性动词。故选B。
【点评】考查现在完成时。
28． you ever______ the Palace Museum?
A. Were：Visiting
B. Will；visit
C. Have；visited
D. Are；visiting 【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】句意：你去参观过故宫吗。ever一般永远现在完成时的疑问句中，只有C选项是完成时态，故选C。
【点评】联系句意，寻找关键词，根据关键词语判断所填之词。
29．The Greens many places of interest since two years ago.
A. has visited
B. have visited
C. visited
D. will visit
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意:自两年前开始，格林一家参观了许多名胜。since引出的时间状语
从句，强调主句谓语从过去某时一直延续到现在，主句用现在完成时态，the Greens格林
一家，表示复数含义，作主语，谓语用复数形式。故选B。
30．— you your homework?
—No, I haven't．
A. Have；finished
B. Are；finishing
C. Did；finish
D. Will：finish
【答案】 A
【解析】【分析】句意：你完成了你的家庭作业吗、还没有。由第二句可知该句为现在完
成时，所以前一句也为现在完成时，故选A.
【点评】辨析句意，注意句子的时态与语态，选出合适的选项。
31．I ________my dictionary to my classmate David a week ago, but he ________ it to me yet.
A. lent; return
B. have lent; returned
C. lent; hasn't returned
D. have lent; didn't return
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】句意：我一周前把我的字典借给了我的同学David，但他还没还给我。ago是过去时标志，故排除B和D选项，yet是现在完成时标志，因此用hasn't returned，
故选C。
【点评】考查时态，注意ago和yet的用法。
32．My sister in America for two years．I miss her very much．
A. studies
B. studied
C. has studied
D. is studying
【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：我的姐姐在美国学习了两年了。现在进行时表示持续大现在的状
态并有可能继续持续下去。故C选项正确。
【点评】考查现在完成时。
33．-- What a nice watch! How long you it?
-- For just two weeks.
A. will; buy
B. have; had
C. were; having
D. did; buy
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意：“多好的一块表啊!你买了多久了?" “刚刚两周。”根据句意可知用现在完成时，buy是瞬间动词. 不可与how long连用，故排除选项A、D：选项C是过去进行时，不符合题意。故选B项。
【点评】考查现在完成时。
34．一 How long your brother ______ this camera?
— For two weeks.
A. have; bought
B. have; had
C. has; had
D. has; bought
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】本题考查动词的时态。句意：“你哥哥买这个相机多久了?”“两周了。”根据答语“For two weeks. ”可知本句的动词应该使用延续性动词have，不能使用短暂性动词buy。主语是your brother，为第三人称单数，所以应该选择C项。
【点评】考查现在完成时。
35．All members_______ are admitted to the auditorium.
A. have got the tickets
B. that had got the tickets
C. that have got the tickets
D. had got the tickets
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】句意：所有得到票的成员都被允许进入了观众席。根据题意可知，本句为定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，需要用 that或 who引导，且不可省略，所以排除A 和D。票已经拿到了，因此用完成时，根据 are 可知，用现在完成时，have got，故选C。【点评】考查定语从句和时态，注意tha引导从句的用法。
36．—Look at these stamps. I _______ them for five years.
—Wow, they are wonderful.
A. kept
B. have kept
C. have bought
D. bought
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意：——看这些邮票，我持有它们5年了。——噢，真漂亮。表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，因为主语是I,助动词用have，故选B。
【点评】考查现在完成时的用法，注意表示动作的延续用现在完成时。
37．A number of tourists _____ Yangzhou many times because such a beautiful city.
A. have been to
B. has been to
C. has gone to
D. have gone to
【答案】 A
【解析】【分析】句意：很多游客多次去过扬州，因为它是如此美丽的一个城市。have been to，表示去过某个地方，have gone to，表示去了某地，还没回来。many times是很多次，游客们应该是去过很多次，用have/has been to+地点，由于主语是复数，助动词用have，故选A。
【点评】考查现在完成时，注意have been to表示去过回来了，have gone to表示去了还没回来。
38．So far, the AIIB（亚投行）_____ 57 countries to be the founding members.
A. attracted
B. has attracted
C. will attract
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意：到目前为止，亚投行吸引了57个国家成为发起国。So far，到目前为止，句子强调过去对现在造成的结果，用现在完成时态。故选B。
39．I a cold. I am not feeling well now
A. caught
B. have caught
C. was catching
D. had caught
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意：我感冒了，我现在不舒服。catch a cold意为“感冒”。由句意可知应用现在完成时。故选B。
【点评】考查现在完成时。
40．Jack_______ school two years ago and he _______ for two years.
A. leaves; has gone
B. left; has been away
C. leaves; has been away
D. left; has gone 【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：Jack两年前离开学校，他离开有两年时间了。two years ago表示动作瞬间结束用一般过去时，leave的过去式为left，for two years表示状态延续用现在完成时，leave需换成be away from，且Jack相当于第三人称单数，用has been away from。故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时和现在完成时，注意根据标志性短语确定时态。
二、初中英语动词的时态
41．—Will Sally come here tomorrow?
—I don’t know if she_______ here tomorrow. If she _______ here, I will tell you.
A．comes; comes B．will come; comes C．comes; will come D．will come; will come 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：-Sally明天会到这儿来吗？-我不知道她明天是否来这儿，如果她来的话，我会告诉你的。comes来，动词的第三人称单数形式；will come将会来，一般将来时态。根据句意可知，第一句话中if意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，从句中表示将来的事情，应用一般将来时；第二句话中if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，从句中用一般现在时态，主句用一般将来时态，故应选B。
42．The train in an hour. I must go to the train station right now.
A．left B．leave
C．will leave D．has left
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：火车一小时后出发。我现在必须去火车站。A. left一般过去时；B. leave一般现在时；C. will leave一般将来时；D. has left现在完成时。in an hour一个小时后，表示的是将来的时间，因此句子的时态用一般将来时，其构成为will+动词原形，故答案为C。
43．I don’t know if it _________ tomorrow. If it _____________, we will do some cleaning at home.
A．snows; will snow B．will snow; snows
C．will snow; will snow D．snows; snows
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：我不知道明天是否会下雪。如果下雪,我们就在家做清洁工作。考查动词时态辨析。前句if意思是“是否”，引导宾语从句，tomorrow（明天）用于一般将来时，从句动词需用“will +原形动词”结构，可排除AD两项；后句if意思是“如果”，引导条件状语从句，时态遵循主将从现原则，可排除C项。根据句意结构和语境，可知选B。
44．—Sam，I called you yesterday，but you were not at home.
—Oh，I at my aunt's.
A．am B．was C．have been D．will be
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：-- Sam，昨天我给你打电话了，但是你不在家。--哦，我在我姑妈家里。根据called you yesterday可知，这里叙述的是昨天的事情，所以答语也应该用一般过去时，故选B。
45．—Where is Tom?
—He ______ the USA．He ______ back in two months.
A．has gone to; comes B．has bee to; will be
C．has been to; comes D．has gone to; will be
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：----汤姆在哪？---他去了美国，他将在两个月之后回来。Have been in强调“过去曾去过”之意，表示经验；have been to的意思是“过去到过而现在已返回”，它强调“最近的经历”；have gone to表示“动作的完成”，强调人已离开说话的地方。In +一段时间，用于将来时。根据句意，故选D。
46．It is still unknown how AI（人工智能） the way of our life as well as the world. A．change B．changed C．will change D．was changing
【答案】C
【解析】
句意：仍然不知道人工智能将会怎么改变我们的生活方式还有世界。这是宾语从句，主句是一般现在时态，从句根据句意应用一般将来时态；故选C
47．— Do you know _____ a wonderful match and two basketball matches on July 15 th ?
— Yeah . I am going to watch them on that day.
A．there will be B．there is going to have C．there are going to be D．is there going to be
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你知道7月15日会有一场精彩的比赛和两场篮球赛吗？——是的。那天我要去看它们。考查there be结构。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，D是疑问句语序，可排除。根据句意语境，本句用一般将来时。there be 结构的一般将来时用there will be 和there is going to be，表示最近要做的事，可排除B。根据就近原则，a wonderful match一场精彩的比赛，需用there is going to be，可排除C项。综合以上，可知选A。
48．They their holidays in Paris last summer
A．spend B．spent
C．will spend D．are spending
【解析】句意：去年，他们在巴黎度假了。本题考查动词的时态A. spend 花费，度过，是动词原形 B. spent 度过，是动词的过去式 C. will spend 将要度过，是将来时态 D. are spending。正在度过，是现在进行时。根据题意，去年度过的。故选B。
49．I think I _ my new project tomorrow.
A．start B．started C．will start D．was starting
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我想我明天将要开始我的新项目。本题考查动词的时态。A. start 开始，是动词原形 B. started 开始，是动词的过去式 C. will start 将要开始，是动词的将来时 D. was starting就要开始，是过去将来时。根据句意选C。
50．Jenny_______in the kitchen when you called her at 5 o'clock this afternoon.
A．is cooking B．was cooking C．cooks D．cooked
【答案】B
【解析】
本题难度适中，考查过去进行时，当你昨天5点打电话给她时，他正在煮饭，答案是was cooking，选B。
51．---Could you tell me______________ at the meeting? I didn’t take part in it.
---Sorry, I don’t know, either.
A．what he said B．what did he say C．what he says D．what does he say 【答案】A
【解析】
句意“-你能告诉我他在会议上说了什么吗？-对不起，我不知道”。根据tell sb sth可知，本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除B和D，且根据I didn’t take part in it可知，用一般过去时，故选A。
52．— I think the plan is just a waste of time. What do you think?
— W ell, if you don’t support the plan, ________.
A．neither do I B．so do I C．neither will I D．so will I
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——我认为这个计划只是在浪费时间。您是怎么想的？——好，如果你不
支持这个计划，我也不支持。Neither+助动词+主语，表示主语也不是……；这里是if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，这里是主句，故助动词用will。根据题意，故选C。
点睛：Neither+助动词+主语，表示主语也不是这样；so+助动词+主语，表示主语也是这样。
53．My grandma ______ a song with her friends when I came back.
A．sings B．sang C．is singing D．was singing
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我回来的时候，我的祖母正和她的朋友一起唱歌。根据when I came back 可知此处表示过去某时正在做某事，故用过去进行时，故选D。
54．The young man ________yellow ___________his keys in his office. He’s forgetful and can’t enter the house.
A．in;left B．on;forgot C．in;has left D．on;has forgotten 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意“穿黄色衣服的年轻人把他的钥匙落在他的办公室。他是健忘的并且他不能进入房子”。leave sth in+地点“把某物落在某地”；forget sth忘记某事。根据句意可知，in+颜色表示“穿……颜色的衣服”，排除B和D；第二空处，根据He’s forgetful and can’t enter the house 可知，落钥匙的动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是他进不去房子，用现在完成时have done，故选C。
55．—Laura, how soon will you get back from abroad?
—Hmm, ________. See you then.
A．ten days ago B．twice a month C．for an hour D．in ten months
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——Laura，你将多久从国外回来？——嗯，十个月后。到时候见。ten days ago十天前，用于一般过去时，twice a month一个月两次，用于一般现在时；for an hour
长达一小时，用于现在完成时。in ten months十个月后，用于一般将来时。根据how soon will you get back from abroad?可知此处是一般将来时，表示将要用多长时间，故用in ten months，故选D。
56．--Is that beautiful sweater yours?
--Yes. I it for two years.
A．bought B．have bought C．have had D．kept
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——那件漂亮的毛衣是你的吗？——是的，我已经买了两年了。bought为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段的时间状语for two years连用，排除A,B；for two years表示的是到目前为止的一段时间，说明的是现在的情况，故时态为现在完成时态，答案为C。点睛：短暂性动词又称瞬间动词，表示动作一旦发生就立即结束。这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry, buy, die 等。瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间，那就要将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的形式，就可以与表示一段的时间状语连用。如：
His father has died since he was born.就是一个错误的句子，必须转化为：His father has been dead since he was born.
57．Mr. King a lot about Chinese culture since he came to Beijing.
A．has learnt B．will learn C．learns D．learnt
【答案】A
【解析】句意：自从金先生来北京，他学了很多中国文化。A. has learnt 学习，用于现在完成时态，主语单三时； B. will learn 学习，用于一般将来时态； C. learns 学习，用于一般现在时态，主语单三时； D. learnt学习，用于一般过去时态；根据since he came to Beijing.可知用现在完成时态；故选A
58．—Tomorrow my dad a big dinner for my birthday party.
—Sounds great!Have a good time.
A．cooks B．was cooking C．cooked D．will cook
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：--明天我爸爸要为我的生日聚会做一顿大餐。--听起来很好，祝你过的愉快。根据tomorrow可知，句子应该用一般将来时。其谓语动词的形式：will+动词原形。故选D。
59．David ________ school two years ago and he _________ for two years.
A．leaves, has gone B．left, has been away
C．leaves, has been away D．left, has gone
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：杰克逊两年前离开学校，他已经走了两年了。
two years ago是过去时间短语，动词用过去式；for two year表示一段时间，动词应具有持续性或表状态，be away表状态，可以和现在完成时态连用。故选B。
60．— May I speak to Judy?
— Sorry, she a speech in the hall now.
A．makes B．has made C．made D．is making
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：--我可以让Judy接电话吗？--对不起，她现在在大厅做演讲。这是打电话用语，指
的是现在打电话的时候正在做某事，所以应该用现在进行时。故选D。
现在完成时 一、现在完成时构成 构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill?for three days. I have lived here?since 1998. 注意： since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago. 5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。
` 现在完成时的用法 一、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例如：你读过那个故事吗？Have you read that story? （―读‖这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响为：是否知道故事中的内容）我买了两个苹果。I have bought two apples. （―买‖这一动作发生在过去对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果） （一）、构成：“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词” （二）、句型结构： 肯定式：主语+have/has+ 过去分词+其它。 如：I have just come back from Qinzhou. 否定式：主语+have/ has not + 过去分词+其它。 如：I haven’t seen the TV play. 一般疑问句：Have/ has+ 主语+ 过去分词+其它? 如：Has Jack finished his homework? 回答：肯定：Yes, 主语+ have/has . 否定：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句？ 如：How long have you had the dog ? [当堂检测] 完成下列句子： 1．李明还没看过这本书了。 Liming ______ ______ that book ______. 2. 他去看医生了吗？ ______he______ ______ see the doctor? 3. 我非常高兴，因为我通过这次英语考试。 I am very happy, because I ______ ______ the English exam. 4. 你在这等了多久了? ______ ______ ______ you _____ here? 5. 妈妈把那本书弄丢了。 Mum_____ _____that book. 6.你去哪了？ Where_____you_____ ?
现在完成时的讲解 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead ……………… 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army
LESSON EIGHT 四种完成时态 主系表 现在：You are rich. 过去：You were rich. 将来：You will be rich. 过去将来：You would be rich. There be 现在：There is a book on the desk . 过去：There was a book on the desk. 将来：There will be a book on the desk. 过去将来：There would be a book on the desk. 主谓宾状 现在：You study English in the school. 过去时：You studied English in the school. 将来时: You will study English in the school. You are going to study English. You are to study English. You are about to study English 过去将来：You would study English in the school You were going to study English. You were to study English. You were about to study English. You are studying English. You were studying English. You will be studying English. You woud be studying English. 课堂练习 1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？ 2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bit bite你吗？ 4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.
初中英语过去完成时态讲解试题 过去完成时态 1）过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had. No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法 过去完成时的用法： 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijin g. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone
初中英语现在完成时专题训练答案 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．He has studied in our school __________. A. since five years B. for five years C. for five years ago D. in five years 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：他已经在我们学校学习五年了。has studied是现在完成时，和for+段时间连用，since+过去时间和现在完成时连用，in+段时间和一般将来时连用，故选B。 【点评】考查时间状语。根据句意选出正确的时间状语。 2．—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你觉得北京怎么样，瑞得小姐？---我不知道，我没有去过那儿。短语：have been to去过某地（已经返回）；have gone to去了某地（尚未返回），根据句意，故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析，区分have been to与have gone to，理解句子，根据语境判断答案。 3．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。 4．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？ —It's so exciting that I _______ it twice． A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故选B。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时的用法。 5．—They say there is a new restaurant near here.
八年级英语现在完成时专项练习 时间：2008年05月08日作者：来源： 一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him.（呼和浩特） A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year. A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has wr itten 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even ______. A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years. A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
过去完成时专项练习 1. 1. 单项选择 1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 4、The famous writer one new book in the past two years Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan already in this school for two years . Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying 7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it twice . Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When there ? Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、—you your homework yet ? —Yes . I it a moment ago . Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 11、His father the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 12、—Do you know him well ? —Sure .We friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 13、—How long have you here ? —About two months . Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play for ten minutes . Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began 15、It ten years since he left the army .
现在完成时(复习课) 问候语：（Greetings） 导入：（Leading in）回顾一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时这三种时态的含义，从而引出现在完成时态。一般现在时：表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间点发生的动作或存在的状态。一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 学习目标：（Learning Aims）●现在完成时态（The Present Perfect Tense）的含义，结构及用法。●现在分词的构成及一些不规则动词。学习重，难点：（Learning Difficulties）●现在完成时的结构及用法。●用于现在完成时的一些标志词及时间状语。一些不规则动词。 学习过程：（Learning courses） 一.含义：现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响。 二.结构：have / has (助动词) + V 过去分词。have / has 在结构中没有实际的含义，不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的动词一起作谓语。has 只用于主语是第三人称单数（he
she it）. have 用于主语是其他人称（I we you you they）. Exercises : 选用have has填空。1. I_have___ told him the news. 2. She_ has ___come back from back.. 3. You __have__won the game. 三．否定结构：主语+ haven’t / hasn’t +V过去分词+ 其他。疑问结构：Have / has + 主语+ V过去分词+ 其他。肯定回答：Yes ,主语+ have / has . 否定回答：No ,主语+ haven’t / hasn’t . Exercises: 按要求改写下面句子。 1.They have bought a computer. 改为否定句）_________________________________________________. 2.He has lost his book.(先改为一般疑问句，再作肯定回答与否定回答) __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 四．标志词：already( 已经) ,just（刚刚，刚才），ever（曾经never（从来没有），yet （还没）。for +（时间段），e.g. for three years. Homework:Finish test papers. 教学反思：
完成时篇（一）——现在完成时 [提问] 请问在句子“Working in London has been the best decision I have made so far. （Experiencing English Integrated Book1 Page71）”中，为什么时间状语是完成时的情况下，主句仍然可以使用现在完成时呢？ 答：完成时态通常表示已完成或已经开始从事的动作，它可以分为现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时以及完成进行时。根据定义我们可以了解到，除了表示到现在为止动作已经完成或已经开始以外，还有多种情况可以用现在完成时来表达。 一、动作从过去某个时间开始发生，延续到现在，并且说话前已经完成。 例如：The mission has been carried out well.任务已经很好地完成了。 Those girls have eaten two big cakes.女孩们已经吃了两个蛋糕了。 二、某个动作或状态发生在过去，持续并影响现在，有可能会继续保持下去。 例如：My brother has been abroad for several years.我哥哥已经出国好几年了。 It has rained all morning.雨下了一个早晨。 Up to now, parents have accepted the pop music youths prefer to.现在，家长们 已经接受了年轻人喜欢的流行音乐。 I have known him since the summer in 2001.自2001年的那个夏天，我就认识他了。 三、动作发生在现在之前的某个时间，可能是多次动作的集合，也表示习惯性的动作或 状态。 例如：Xiao Qin has come over here three times in the daytime.白天小覃已经来过三次了。 Which countries have you traveled recently?最近你都去过那些国家？ How many papers have you read today? 你今天看了几篇论文？ 四、动作过去曾发生过一次或多次，也可能是一种经历。 例如：Students are very pride that the president has once visited their school. 学生们为总统曾访问过他们学校而骄傲。 Accidents like this have happened more than 20 times these years.这几年此类事故发生不下20起。 在现在完成时态的句子中，常伴随的时间状语有：already，yet，ever，never，just，before，lately，recently，till/until，always，now，since，today; in past years，all morning，all one’s life，up to now，these days，this week/month/year，for a long time。 现在完成时中有几点语法点要注意的： 1）for引出的时间状语只能修饰表示延续性动作的动词。不能用来修饰表示瞬间、短 暂动作或位置转移的动词。如John has come to China for three years，此句错误，come这个动作是短暂性动词，不可能持续发生，因此可改为John has been in China for three years，约翰已经爱中国生活了3年。短暂性动词有appear, begin，borrow，buy，come，close，die，fall，find，finish，join，kill，leave，lend，lose，see，start，stop。 2）在表示时间或条件的状语从句可以用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。 例如：He will not quit my job until his parents have permitted.父母允许后他才会辞职。 I will arrive at 6 o’clock if the car h as been prepared then.如果到时车准备好了，我能在6 点到达。 3）It is the first/second time that…这个结构中，that从句要用现在完成时。 例如：It is the first time that I have heard of his deeds.这是我第一次听说他的事迹。
【初中语法系列】过去完成时，过去的过去！对于理解过去完成时来说，其要义只有一点，那就“过去的过去”。 一.过去完成时的概念与结构 概念： 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 构成： “助动词had +过去分词”，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃过了早饭。 二.过去完成时的用法 1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。例如： When I woke up, it had stopped raing. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（雨停发生在醒来之前，即“过去的过去”） 2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。例如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底为止，他已经在这个工厂工作了20年。（到去年年底为止已工作了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能） 三.过去完成时的判断依据 1.由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1）by +过去的时间点，例如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 到昨天晚上九点钟为止，我已经读完了这本小说。 （2）by the end of +过去的时间点，例如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了两千多单词。 （3）before +过去的时间点，例如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在xx之前，他们已经植了六百棵树。 2.由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指在过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （1）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。例如： She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她之前看过这部电影。 （2）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。例如：
【初中英语】现在完成时知识点总结 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．The small shop ________ for several years. A. opened B. has been opened C. has opened D. has been open 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】open是非延续性动词，和表示一段时间的时间状语连用必须转化为延续性动词be open.根据句意，本句应用现在完成时态，故选D。 【点评】考查open转化为be open, be open里的open是形容词，不能加ed.. 2．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 3．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown，for it _____ a lot over the years． A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】我对我的家乡的新面貌感到惊讶，因为这几年改变了很多， 结合over the years可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语it，故has，故答案是D． 4．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。
现在完成时（I）语法知识 定义：（1）表示过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,这个影响和结果对现在还必须存在.常与already(已经), yet(已经,还), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)，never 等词连用. 常用于肯定句或疑问句（均表示：已经）. 常用于否定句(表示：还、尚),疑问句末尾（表示：已经）. 现在完成时的构成及句型结构：（注：过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化，规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样，不规则变化见教材137页） 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I have already lost the key.我已经弄丢了钥匙. (我现在没有钥匙) He has ever read that book .他曾经看过这本书. (了解书的内容) They have just cleaned their hands.他们刚刚洗过手了. (手是干净的) 2.否定句：主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I haven’t lost the key yet. He hasn’t ever read that book . They haven’t just cleaned their hands. 3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？ eg: What have you already done?（done是do/does的过去分词） What has he ever done? What have they just done? 定义：(2)现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.
英语语法现在完成时的 基本例句 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
现在完成时的基本例句： 1．I have worked here since 1970. 自1970 年以来我就在这儿工作。 2．He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他已经去过两次长城了。 3．Mike has just finished his homework. 迈克刚做完他的作业。 现在完成时是描述过去发生的而与现在情况有关的事或状态（例2， 例3），或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况（例1），换言之，现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。2 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的形式皆以“ have(has)+过去分词”来表示，有“继续”、“完了”、“结果”、“经验”等用法。 继续 I have studied English for three years. 我已经学习英语三年了。 She has been sick since last month. 她从上个月就生病了。 经验 I have visited Beijing many times. 我访问过北京好多次了。 Have you ever been to Hawaii 你曾经去夏威夷吗 完成 I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。 Has he finished his work yet 他作好工作了吗 结果 My brother has become a teacher. 我哥哥已经成为一名教师了。 I have lost my watch. 我手表弄丢了。（我现在仍旧没有表）
现在完成时 一．含义：表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。 二．结构： 助动词have/ has + 过去分词done ★肯定句：主语+ have/ has + 过去分词done 否定句：主语+ have/ has + not + 过去分词done 一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语+ 过去分词done 简略答语：Yes, 主语+ have/ has. No, 主语+ haven’t / hasn’t. ★过去分词： 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成 规则相同。四点变化规则： (1). 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”: work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2). 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”: live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”: study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再 加“ ed ”: stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2. 不规则动词 三．用法 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有以下四大 标志词: ①already, just和yet： He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。