初中英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时
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现在完成时
The Present Perfect
课前热身
1.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
A. writesB.wroteC.has written
2,I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined
B. have joined
C. have been in
3.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.
A.have made
B.have been
C.made
D. have become
4.—Our country ____ a lot so far .
—Yes. I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; wellB. changed ; goodC. has changed ; better
5.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
A.Did; do; finishedB.Have; done; finishedC.Have; done; have finished讨论展示
1、分组讨论,说出以上句子主要用了哪种时态?
2、你能讲出该时态的构成吗?
现在完成时
一.基本结构:助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
二.句型:
肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定)
No,主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)
3、请归纳出现在完成时的主要用法,通过哪些词语来提示?
现在完成时用法
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语:already,yet, so far,never,just,before,recently,
I have already lost my key.(说明过去某时丢的,现在还未找到。)
你能举例吗?
2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。for+一段时间,since+一段时间
I have known him for ten years.
I have known him since ten years ago .
(从开始认识到现在延续了十年)
你能举例吗?
4、请比较:
He has been to the US .
He has gone to the US .
He has been in the US for three years .
5、请看句子:He has come to school for two hours .对吗?
For和since要用延续性动词,如果是短暂性动词要改为相应的延续性动词,例如:
leave/go- be awaycome-be here/be in
buy- have,borrow-keep
join-be in/a member ofdie-be dead,begin/start- be onfinish- be over5、你能用英语说出他们吗?
1)、玛丽上午七点到了学校。
2)、她在学校学习两个小时了。
The keys:
1)、Mary got to school at seven .
2)、She has studied at school for two hours.
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
1、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对"现在"产生的影响。如:He visited Guilin in 1998.
他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)
2、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如:
Jill has bought a new computer.
吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)
3、两种时态的区分
(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"。
(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last week, two yearsago, just now, in 2002等;
而现在完成时则常与just,already,ever,never等副词和
thesedays,thisweek,since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3)看看以下的几组句子,有什么区别?
①Have you seen the film?(A)
Did you see the film?(B)
[说明]你看过这部电影吗?(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。
②How has he done it?(A)
How did he do it?(B)
[说明]他是怎么做的这件事?(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响;(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。
③He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)
He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)
[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年,现在不在北京了。
测评提升
1、单项选择:
1)、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____it twice.
A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD.see
2)、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really? When _____ there ?