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八（下）Module 2 Experiences模块语法详解Unit 1 I’ve also entered lots of speaking competitions.★(A3).I am entering a competition. 我正参加一个比赛。
enter-entered-entered①enter = take part in = join in意为“参加，报名”；②enter = come/go into还有“进入”之意。
Several of the world’s finest runners have the race.The thieves entered the building by the back door. 小偷从后门进入大楼。
③输入(姓名，号码，细节等) enter sth. into sth.To find a book in the library, enter a key word the computer.★(A3).It’ll help you improve your speaking. 那将帮助你提高英语水平。
①help sb. (to) do sth. ② help sb. with sth. ③help.un：谢谢你的帮助I often help him (to) learn English. →I often h elp him his English. 我常帮他学英语。
★(A3).And maybe you will win a prize. 或许你可以得个奖。
①maybe是副词，“也许；大概”，=perhaps，常位于句首Maybe you are right.=You may be right. 你可能是对的。
②在may be中，may是情态动词，be 是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语，“也许是；可能是”He may be a student. 他可能是一个学生。
外研版英语初二年级英语英语现在完成时知识点含解析推荐精选一、初中英语现在完成时1．—They say there is a new restaurant near here.—Yes, and it ______ for more than a week.A. has been openB. openC. is openingD. opens【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——他们说在这附近有一个新的餐馆。
——是的，它已经开了一个多星期了。
根据 for more than a week ，可知用现在完成时，have/has been done，故选A。
【点评】考查现在完成时，注意识记其标志词。
2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games.A. fellB. has fallenC. wasD. has been【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。
由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。
故选D。
【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。
3．His cat has ________ for five weeks.A. diedB. been deadC. dyingD. dies【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：他的猫已经死了5个星期了。
die是短暂性动词，不能表示状态的延续。
由时间状语 for five weeks可知应用延续性动词,故答案选B。
【点评】考查现在完成时。
4．Great changes in my hometown in the last few years.A. took placeB. will take placeC. have taken placeD. have been taken place 【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：过去几年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
外研版丨八年级下册英语各单元重点语法肯定句、否定句、疑问句和特殊疑问句肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他成分。
例如：I have XXX.我已经完成了我的作业。
否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他成分。
例如：He has not seen the movie yet.他还没有看过这部电影。
疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他成分？例如：Have you ever been to Japan?你去过日本吗？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他成分？例如：What have you done today?你今天做了什么？In Module 3.we will learn about the present perfect tense。
This tense is used to express XXX and have an impact on the present。
We can use words like just。
already。
and yet to emphasize or explain the n。
For example。
"I have just heard the news," "Astronauts have already been to the moon," and "He has just XXX." Just means "recently," already means "before now,"and both are used in affirmative sentences after have/has。
Yet is used in negative sentences to mean "not yet" and implies that the n may happen in the future.Scientists have not yet received any XXX life。
星火教育一对一辅导教案教学课题一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时辨析+ have + not +过去分词+ has + not +过去分词现在完成时的特殊疑问句一、用法1. 表示开始于过去的动作最近刚结束现在完成时表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束时，常和以下时间状语连用：just 刚刚, already 已经, ever 曾经, recently 最近, never 从未, yet 还，仍然（否定句）；已经（疑问句）.例句： Have you ever worked on a farm?I have already finished my homework.He has just e.2. 继续表示过去开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态。
常和表示一段时间的状语连用。
since +时间点：从……开始表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情常和以下的词连用：often 经常, never 从不, ever 曾经, once 一次twice 两次,since 自从, before 之前.二、能与现在完成时连用词语很多，如副词j ust, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：到现在为止这工作还算容易。
__________________________________________到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。
__________________________________(5) It’s the first time that…(第一次…)：1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别I have washed the car. (It is clean.)I washed the car yesterday.现在完成时强调的是在时间上与现在的联系，因此它不能和表示确定的过去时间状语连用，如ago（以前）、yesterday（昨日）、last week（上周）、 three years ago（三年前）、i n 2001（2001 年）、以及以 when 为首的疑问句等。
（完整版）⼋年级下现在完成时全⾯知识点⼀现在完成时概念及⽤法：1 表⽰过去发⽣或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常和just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever （曾经），before（以前），so far（到⽬前为⽌）等时间状语连⽤。
2 表⽰从过去某⼀时刻开始⼀直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和for或since引导的时间状语连⽤。
此时的动词必须是延续性动词。
构成：have/ has(助动词)+V过去分词肯定句：主语+ have/ has+V过去分词+其他否定句：主语+ have/ has+not+V过去分词+其他⼀般疑问句：have/ has+主语+ +V过去分词+其他肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/ has.否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t.3 常⽤标志词语already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet ,since+过去的时间点,for+⼀段时间等already常⽤于肯定句；yet⽤于否定句和疑问句。
⼆常⽤句型结构辨析（⼀）have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析：⑴ have/ has been to + 地名“曾经去过某地” , 现在已经回到原地。
He has been to England twice．他曾经去过英国两次。
(现在已经不在英国了)Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上）⑵have gone to + 地名“已经去某地了”，说话时该⼈不在现场。
He has gone to England。
他已去英国了。
(已经不在说话的地⽅，到达英国或者在去英国的路上)⑶ have been in +地点待在某地，常与时间段搭配。
Module 5 CartoonsI.词汇短语(课本词汇)II.语句精讲（北大绿卡）1.He keeps fighting bad people.他不断与坏人做斗争。
（1）keep doing sth. 不断做某事，反复做某事Tom kept us waiting for him at the gate.汤姆让我们一直在大门口等他。
（2）fight v. 与......战斗【拓展】fight 做不及物动词时，常与介词against 或with 连用。
过去式和过去分词为fought.She always fights with her neighbor about the fence. 她和邻居总是为了栅栏的事打架。
2.That’s a real hero! 那才是真正的英雄。
Hero n. 英雄；男主角There are many heroes in the history of China.中国历史上有很多英雄。
【巧学妙记】巧记以-o结尾的名词变复数：中学阶段只有hero、potato、tomato和mango 四个以-o结尾的单词需要加-es变成复数形式。
【串联记忆】这些英雄喜欢吃土豆、西红柿和芒果。
3.They always expect to see more Monkey King cartoons.他们一直期待看更多的美猴王的动画片。
Expect v. 期盼；等待I am expecting an email from my friend. 我正期待着我朋友的电子邮件。
【拓展】expect 的用法：Expect to do sth. 期待做某事Expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事Expect + that 从句期待......I expect to see you again. 我期盼再次与你见面。
They expect (that) the plane can take off on time. 他们盼望飞机能按时起飞。
外研版英语八年级英语句型及语法(英语现在完成时)附解析推荐精选一、初中英语现在完成时1．—Where is your mother?—She ______ Australia and she ______ Sydney for two weeks.A. has been to; has been inB. has been to; has been toC. has gone to; has been inD. has gone to; has been to【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：——你的妈妈在哪里？——她去了澳大利亚，她在悉尼呆了两周了。
has been to”去过某地“，现在已经回来了；has gone to”去了某地“，还没有回来；has been in”待在某地“一段时间。
根据句意Where is your mother?可知，她的妈妈还没有回来，第二个空后面有一段时间for two weeks，应该用be in，故应选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态，以及has been to ,has gone to ,has been in的含义和用法。
2．—Do you still play basketball?—Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years.A. haven't playedB. didn't playC. won't playD. hadn't played【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。
我已经有两年没有打过了。
根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。
【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。
` 现在完成时的用法一、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如：你读过那个故事吗? Havｅyou rｅad that sｔorｙ?(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响为:是否知道故事中的内容）我买了两个苹果。
I hａｖｅbouｇht tｗo appｌes.(“买”这一动作发生在过去对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果）（一）、构成：“助动词have/hａs+动词的过去分词”(二）、句型结构:肯定式：主语＋ｈａｖe／hａs+过去分词+其它。
如：I haveｊusｔcoｍｅbaｃkｆｒｏｍQinzｈｏu.否定式:主语+ｈave/ ｈａs not +过去分词+其它。
如: I hａvｅn’t seeｎtｈｅTV play．一般疑问句:Hａｖe／hａs+ 主语+ 过去分词+其它?如: ＨaｓJack ｆiｎished his homｅｗoｒk?回答：肯定：Yeｓ, 主语+ have/ｈas ．否定: Ｎo，主语+ ｈaven’t／hasn’t．特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句？如：How lｏnｇhave you had the dｏｇ?[当堂检测] 完成下列句子：1．李明还没看过这本书了。
Liming ＿____＿_＿＿＿__ ｔhaｔｂooｋ__＿__＿.2. 他去看医生了吗?＿＿＿___he______＿_____ seｅｔｈｅｄocｔor?３. 我非常高兴,因为我通过这次英语考试。
Ｉam veryｈａpｐy，ｂeｃausｅI ___＿______＿_tｈe Ｅngｌish exam.4. 你在这等了多久了?_＿____ _＿_____＿___＿you _＿＿__ here？５. 妈妈把那本书弄丢了。
Mum＿____ ＿___＿tｈat ｂook.６.你去哪了？Whｅｒｅ＿____you__＿__ ？（三)、常与现在完成时态连用的几个副词: ａlrｅａｄy，jusｔ多用于肯定句中, yet，ever，nevｅr多用于疑问句和否定句中。
` 现在完成时的用法一、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如：你读过那个故事吗？Have you read that story?（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响为：是否知道故事中的内容）我买了两个苹果。
I have bought two apples.（“买”这一动作发生在过去对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果）（一）、构成：“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”（二）、句型结构：肯定式：主语+have/has+ 过去分词+其它。
如：I have just come back from Qinzhou.否定式：主语+have/ has not + 过去分词+其它。
如：I haven’t seen the TV play.一般疑问句：Have/ has+ 主语+ 过去分词+其它?如：Has Jack finished his homework?回答：肯定：Yes, 主语+ have/has .否定：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t.特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句？如：How long have you had the dog ?[当堂检测] 完成下列句子：1．李明还没看过这本书了。
Liming ______ ______ that book ______.2. 他去看医生了吗？______he______ ______ see the doctor?3. 我非常高兴，因为我通过这次英语考试。
I am very happy, because I ______ ______ the English exam.4. 你在这等了多久了?______ ______ ______ you _____ here?5. 妈妈把那本书弄丢了。
Mum_____ _____that book.6.你去哪了？Where_____you_____ ?（三）、常与现在完成时态连用的几个副词：already，just多用于肯定句中, yet，ever，never 多用于疑问句和否定句中。
如：1、I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业。
2、she has just had supper. 她刚吃过晚饭。
3、Have you ever sung this English song? 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？4、They haven't done the homework yet. 他们还没有做作业。
5、We have never seen an interesting film. 我们从来没有看过有趣的电影。
6、We have just come home, and we had a wonderful weekend.我们刚刚到家，我们度过了一个愉快的周末。
7、Have you ever been to Guilin?Yes, I have. I went there a month ago.I have been there two or three times.你到过桂林吗？——到过。
我一个月前去过那里。
我去过那里两三次了。
8、You can come with us to the cinema when you have finished your homework.你做完功课可以和我们一起去看戏。
9、Most of them have already seen the movie. 他们中大多数人已经看过这部电影了。
10、How long have you lived here? 你住在这里多久了？（四）、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:1、一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系；如：I finished reading the book three days ago.2、现在完成时表示某一完成动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
如：I have finished reading the book now用一般过去时的情况：1).当有一个表示过去的时间状语, 如: last year , two days ago , yesterday , just now等时. --When did he leave ?--We weren’t in last night .--She often came to help me When we were very young .2). 单纯谈过去的动作，不涉及它对现在的影响时.--What did you have for your lunch?--When did you have supper?用现在完成时的情况：1).当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状，如recently , these days , so far , up till now, in the past 3 years, by the end of…，for+ 一段时间以及since引导的表示时间的状语从句时.--We have learned a lot since we came to this school .-- I haven’t slept very well these days.2).若谈一件已发生的事，主要考虑它对现在的影响的。
-- Have you had your lunch?-- Do you want more?Thanks, I have had enough.[即学即练]用括号里适当的词填空：1、We ___________(see) the film twice, we _____ it yesterday at school.2、—______ you ______ (read) the book before?—Yes, I ______.—When ______ you ______it?—Last month.3. Zhaoqing _____ (be) a small city 20 years ago, now it ______________ (become) famous all over the world.3、有些时间状语，如this morning , tonight , this month等，可用于现在完成时或一般过去时，但它们表达的意义不一样。
用于现在完成时则包括“现在”在内，而用于一般过去时则与现在无关。
例如；1). I have read this story this April .我今年四月份看过这个故事了。
（讲话时仍然是四月份）2).I read this story this April . 我今年四月份看的这个故事。
（讲话时四月份已过）3).I have written two letters this morning .今天上午我写了两封信。
（讲话时仍是上午）4).I wrote two letters this morning . 今天上午我写了两封信。
（讲话时已是下午或晚上）Exercise:—Why not go to see the film with me?—Because I _________ it.A、have seen B. will seeC. have sawD. saw2. —Hello! Could I speak to Mr. King, please?—Sorry, he’s ______ the supermarket.been at B. been toC. been onD. gone to3. I ______ already _____ my homework, I _______ it last night.have, finished, have finishedhave , finished, finishedfinished, have finished4. —Have you ______ your breakfast?—Yes, I have.—When ____ you _____ it?—1 hour ago.had, have had B. do, have , hadC. had, did, haveD. had, have, have二、.表示过去某一时间开始并一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去。
常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间状语连用。
一段时间的表达方法有两种:for + 一段时间: for a year , for two weeks, for three yearssince + 过去的某一时刻: since last week.一般过去时态的时间状语从句:since you came since you got home.1).They have lived here for ten years .2). She has taught in this school since three years ago.3).We have known each other since we were very young.注意：用于这种用法中的动词必须是表示连续的动作或状态的词，如：live、work、teach、study、stay、wait、know、be、have 、learn、wear、walk、sleep 等，这类动词叫做“延续性动词”。
英语中还有另一种动词，如：die、buy、join、marry become、begin、fall、come、go、hear、die、close、open、leave、borrow、等，它们只表示短暂的动作，不能表示一个延续的状态，这类动词叫做“瞬间性动词”，它们可以用于现在完成时，但是不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
判断下列句子的正误：1). He has died .（）He has died for 2 years.（）He has been dead for 2 years. （）2). Helen has married. （）Helen has been married for 5 years. （）Helen has married for 5 years.（）瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用, 但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.1.直接用延续性动词buy–have catch(get) a cold –have a cold borrow—keep arrive/come/go /become—be put on– wear get up—be up2.转换成be+名词join the army – be a soldierjoin the Party –be a Party membergo to school– be a student3．.转换成be+形容词或副词die—be dead finish\end – be over begin—be onleave—be away fall sleep – be asleepclose/open – be closed/open marry— be married4．转换成be+介词短语go to school– be in schooljoin the army – be in the army[当堂检测] 选择填空1．The shop has been _______ for an hour.A. closeB. closingC. closed2. How long have you _____ the book?A. borrowedB. keptC. bought3. They ________ Guangzhou for an hour.A. leftB. have leftC. have been away from4. I have ______ Foshan since ten years ago.A. come toB. arrive inC. been in5. I bought a computer ________.A. for two daysB. since two days agoC. two days ago 6．Class has been over __________.A. just nowB. for a momentC. a moment ago7. I have come back _______.A. for an hourB. yetC. AlreadyI __ the way. I __ here for quite many years.A. knew...have lived B. knew (iv)C. know...have lived D. know (iv)2. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A. Have…gone toB. Have…gone inC. Have…been toD. Have …been in3. My brother ____college for over three years.A. has gone toB. has been toC. has been at4. He ___ the Army by the end of 1989.He ___ in the army since then.A. joined…isB. has joined…has beenC. had joined…isD. had joined …has been5. __ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we __ it two hours ago.A. Did…copy…didB. Have…copied…haveC. Have…copied…didD. Did …copy…had“Why ______ she _______ angry ?”“Because he _____ at her just now .”A. did…get…shoutedB. has…got…shoutedC. did…get…has shouted6. __you __ the film before ? Where __ you __ it ?A. Have …seen…did…seeB. Did …see…have…seenC. Have…seen…have…seen7. You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A. kept…waitedB. have kept…waitedC. kept…have waitedD. have kept…have wai tedWhere __ John __ ?To the library. He __ there for an hour.A. has…been…has goneB. has…gone…has beenC. did…go…wentD. did…be…wentA. 用already 或yet填空Have they taken down the old pictures ______?No, not ___________.2) Most of us have finished our compositions ____.3) He hasn’t visited the museum________.B.用since或for填空1) We have learned five lessons ____ the beginningof this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital ______ last week.3) I have stayed at my aunt’s _____ two weeks.I have been here ______ 1999.They have kept the books ____ one day.It has been cold ______ two weeks ago.We have learnt a lot ______ we came here.C. 用have gone或have been填空1、Where are the boy students ?They ___________ to the school factory.2、Is your father in ?No, he ______________ to Shenzhen._______he ever ______ there before ?Yes, he _____________ there several times3) He asks me if I _________ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visitas I ______ never ______ to that city before.4) My brother __________the Great Wall three times把下列句子翻译成汉语：1、这只狗死了。
