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【概念】现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
【结构】主语 + have/has + 过去分词(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。
)（过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。
)【现在完成时态句式】否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。
（has not=hasn’t; have not=haven’t）一般疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has. (肯定回答)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定回答)【现在完成时的标志】以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:1）* 以already, just和yet为标志already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。
2）* 以ever和never为标志ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。
3）* 以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。
4）* 以so far为标志so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。
【针对性练习题】一、单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him.A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD. will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. alreadyB. neverC. everD. still3、Have you met Mr. Li ______？A. justB. agoC. beforeD. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .A. is writingB. was writingC. wroteD. has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.A.has changed; wellB. changed;good C .has changed ; better D. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .A. was; studyingB. will; studyC. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film . I ______ it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD. see9、—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really? When _____ there?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finishedC.Have; done; have finishedD. will; do; finish11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in12、—Do you know him well ?— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months.A.beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、Hurry up! The play__________ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .A. isB. hasC. willD. was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away22. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been in23. The factory ____ since the February of 1988.A. has been openB. has openedC. was openD. opened24. Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become25. You mustn't_____ until he comes back.A. be awayB. leaveC. be left26. The meeting _____ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over27. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught28. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years.A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became29. I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned30. How long _______ he ________ ?A. diedB. has, diedC. has, been dead31. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept32. He ________ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has had33. -----How long _____ you _____ ill? -----Two weeks.A. did fallB. have, fellC. have, been34.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved awayC. has been away from35. I'll lend you the book, but you can only _____ it for 2 days.A. borrowB. keepC. take36. The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.A. has stoppedB. stoppedC. has been37. Are you _____ the jacket these days?A. wearingB. putting onC. dressingD. on38. He ________ for 2 hours.A. got upB. has got upC. has been up39. Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days.A. isB. catchesC. has caughtD. has had40. ----- How long can I ______ the book?------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep二、句型转换。
现在完成时一、 (1) 概念：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作,,对现在造成的影响或结果。
对现在造成的影响或结果。
1. I have already c leaned cleaned my room. 我已经打扫了我的房间。
我已经打扫了我的房间。
2. We have finished our homework. 我们完成了作业。
我们完成了作业。
3. They have swept the floor. 他们扫了地。
他们扫了地。
4. She has read t hat book. that book. 她读了那本书。
她读了那本书。
5. Tom has broken the window. Tom 打碎窗户。
打碎窗户。
现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成: : 主语主语 + + + +1. I haven haven’’t cleaned my room yet. 我还没打扫了我的房间。
我还没打扫了我的房间。
2. We haven haven’’t finished our homework. 我们没完成作业。
我们没完成作业。
3. They haven haven’’t swept t he floor. the floor. 他们没扫地。
他们没扫地。
4. She hasn hasn’’t read t hat book. that book. 她没读那本书她没读那本书5. Tom hasn hasn’’t broken t he window. Tom the window. Tom 没有打碎窗户。
没有打碎窗户。
否定句否定句: : 主语主语主语 + + + + + +1. Have you c leaned cleaned my room?Yes,I have.2. Have y ou you finishedour homework? No,I haven ’t. 3. Have they swept t he floor?the floor? Yes,they have. No,they haven ’t.4. Has she read t hat book?that book? Yes,she has. No,she hasn hasn’’t.5. Has Tom broken t he window?the window? Yes,Tom has. No,Tom hasn ’t.一般疑问句一般疑问句: : 助动词助动词助动词 + + ? + + ?(2) 现在完成时的基本句型：肯定句：肯定句：否定句否定句: : 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：二、现在完成时标志词1.I have already lost the key.2.She hasn ’t told us the news yet .3.Have you decided to go yet ?4.I have just cleaned my hands.5.John has never been to Nanjing6.Have you ever been to a museum?7.He has stayed here since 5 5 o o ’clock.David has lived here since 1992.8.He has has stayed stayed stayed here here since 5 5 hours hours hours ago. ago.His father has been in the Party since 10 years ago.9.She has taught English since he he came came came here. here.She has taught us since I came to this school.10.He has kept the book for 2 weeks.I have had this dictionary for t hree years.three years. Since: (自…以来)(1)(2)(3)for(长达）just (谓语动词之前谓语动词之前谓语动词之前) before() before(句末）句末） so far so far 到目前为止到目前为止in the past/last few years(过去几年来过去几年来) )练一练：练一练：选用选用 for for 和 since 填空填空: :1.We haven ’t seen each other ______ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.6. It ’s five years _______ we met last time.1.The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks.A didn ’t cleanB hadn ’t cleanedC don ’t cleanD haven ’t cleaned2. ---Have you found your keys _______---Yes, I have _______ found them.A already; yetB yet;alreadyC already;alreadyD yet;yet3.3. -- I ’m sorry to keep you waiting.--Oh, not at all. I _____here only a few minutes.A have beenB had beenC wasD will be4.4. You don ’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet5. --Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?--I _______ to go , but I don ’t know if I can go .A was planningB have plannedC had been planningD have been planning planning6. --When will they leave ?--They ______very soon .A do leaveB are leavingC have leftD leave7 --Was he studying for an exam ?--Yes , he's ____ it last week.A doingB to takeC makingD to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth ____ round.A isB wouldC wasD were9.9. She _______ such an interesting book before.A was never readingB will never readC had never readD has never rea10.10. How long do you think the meeting ______A is lastingB is lastedC will lastD lasts11. 11. I ____________(wait) for him for two hours . I am very angry . I ____________(wait) for him for two hours . I am very angry .12. 12. He _________ (be) a doctor since he was twenty .13. 13. The film __________ (be) on for fifteen minutes .14. 14. ____ you ever ____ (read) that book before ?15. 15. ____ you ever ____ (try) to change her ?16. 16. No one ____________ (arrive) here yet . No one ____________ (arrive) here yet .17. 17. ______ the bus _____ (leave) yet ?18. 18. I____ I____ I____ already already already ______ ______ ______ (see) (see) (see) the the the film. film. film.19. 19. My My My father father father ____ ____ ____ just just just _____ _____ _____ (come) (come) (come) back back back from from from work. work.20. 20. I I I _____________ _____________ _____________ (work) (work) (work) here here here since since since I I I ______ ______ ______ (move) (move) (move) here here here in in in 1999. 1999. 21. 21. So So So far far far I I I _______________(make) _______________(make) _______________(make) quite quite quite a a a few few few friends friends friends here. here.22. 22. -How -How -How long long long _______ _______ _______ the the the Wangs Wangs Wangs _______(stay) _______(stay) _______(stay) here? -For here? -For two two weeks. weeks. weeks.23. 23. I I I ________ ________ ________ just just just ___________ ___________ ___________ (finish) (finish) (finish) my my my homework. homework. homework.24.______ 24.______ you you you ______ ______ ______ (find) (find) (find) your your your science science science book book book yet? yet?一般过去时与现在完成时之比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。
（完整版）⼋年级下现在完成时全⾯知识点⼀现在完成时概念及⽤法：1 表⽰过去发⽣或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常和just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever （曾经），before（以前），so far（到⽬前为⽌）等时间状语连⽤。
2 表⽰从过去某⼀时刻开始⼀直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和for或since引导的时间状语连⽤。
此时的动词必须是延续性动词。
构成：have/ has(助动词)+V过去分词肯定句：主语+ have/ has+V过去分词+其他否定句：主语+ have/ has+not+V过去分词+其他⼀般疑问句：have/ has+主语+ +V过去分词+其他肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/ has.否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t.3 常⽤标志词语already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet ,since+过去的时间点,for+⼀段时间等already常⽤于肯定句；yet⽤于否定句和疑问句。
⼆常⽤句型结构辨析（⼀）have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析：⑴ have/ has been to + 地名“曾经去过某地” , 现在已经回到原地。
He has been to England twice．他曾经去过英国两次。
(现在已经不在英国了)Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上）⑵have gone to + 地名“已经去某地了”，说话时该⼈不在现场。
He has gone to England。
他已去英国了。
(已经不在说话的地⽅，到达英国或者在去英国的路上)⑶ have been in +地点待在某地，常与时间段搭配。
八下英语现在完成时知识点
现在完成时是英语中的一种时态，用来表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或者与现在有关的动作。
现在完成时的构成是由助动词“have/has”和动词的过去分词构成的。
现在完成时通常用于以下情况：
1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，强调动作的结果或者延续到现在。
例如，I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的作业。
）。
2. 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，或者强调动作的持续性。
例如，She has lived in Paris for five years.（她已经在巴黎住了五年了。
）。
3. 表示过去发生的动作对现在的情况产生影响，或者强调动作的经验性。
例如，I have visited the Great Wall.（我去过长城。
）。
4. 表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just, already, yet等时间状语连用。
例如，They have just left.（他们刚刚离开。
）。
需要注意的是，现在完成时常与一些时间状语连用，如for, since, just, already, yet等，以表明动作发生的时间或者持续的时间。
另外，现在完成时通常不与表示具体时间点的时间状语连用，而是与表示时间段或者延续性的时间状语搭配使用。
总之，现在完成时是英语中一个重要的时态，用来表示过去动作与现在的关系，需要根据不同的语境和句子结构来正确运用。
希望这些知识点能够帮助你更好地理解现在完成时的用法。
现在完成时（Ⅰ）1、助动词have/has+过去分词现在完成时（Ⅱ）2、在含有be动词的现在完成时态的句子中，谓语部分由“have/has+been”构成。
其中have/has为助动词。
（1）肯定句：主语+have/has+been+其他（2）否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+been+其他（3）一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+其他肯定的简略回答是：Yes,主语+have/has.否定的简略回答是：No,主语+have/has not.(4)特殊疑问句+have/has+主语+been+其他？3、用法用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果却和现在有联系：动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在，可以和never, ever, once, twice, three/four/…..times等副词（短语）连用。
____________________________________________________他们去过北京两次。
_____________________________________________________我从未去过那里。
_____________________________________________________你去过上海吗？4、“have/has been to+地点名词”与“have/has gone to+地点名词”的区别______________________________________________________她去过上海。
（现在不在上海）______________________________________________________她去上海了。
（现在已在上海或在途中）5、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别（1）一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
考点一总结分析：现在完成时常与already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, since 连用( ) 1. The evening party _________. Lucy is a little late.A. just beganB. just has begunC. has begun just nowD. has just begun( ) 2. Mr Smith _________ to American 20 years ago and has been here _______.A. has gone, since thenB. went, from thenC. has gone, since everD. came, ever since ( ) 3. I ___________ letters from my father for a long time.A. have not receivedB. not have receivedC. have received notD. didn’t receive ( ) 4. Last week John _________ his leg.A. hurtB. has hurtC. hurtsD. was hurting( ) 5. I ______ him since I began to live in the city.A. knowB. have knownC. knew( ) 6. Have you received a letter from Jim _______ ?A. yetB. justC. neverD. ever( ) 7. Ann has gone to Shanghai. So ________ her parents.A. doB. haveC. didD. had( ) 8. I ________ at this school since 1999.A. have beenB. wasC. amD. be( ) 9. I ________ a book a week ago , but I _______ already ______ it.A. bought, lostB. have bought, have lostC. bought, have lostD. have bought, lost ( ) 10. Meimei is here, but her sister hasn’t come _________.A. stillB. beforeC. yetD. already考点二总结分析：have been to & have gone to & have been in( ) 1. Have you _________ to America?A. goneB. ever beenC. ever goneD. never been( ) 2. Where have you _________?A. beenB. goneC. wentD. going( ) 3. How long has Lucy ________ at this school?A. comeB. goneC. beenD. arrived( ) 4. Mr Thomas ________ China for several years.A. has been toB. has been inC. has come inD. came( ) 5. Miss Gao isn’t here. She _________ to the station to meet Mr Brown.A. wentB. has goneC. has beenD. would go考点三总结分析：since+时间点；for+时间段；since& for不与瞬间动词连用用for或since填空1.He’s been waiting for you _____ two hours.2.Sarah has been living here _____ 19963.The baby has been sleeping _____ 2:00 a.m.4.I’ve been staying in New York _____ two weeks.5.Kate has been studying Japanese _____ he was twelve.6.I slept only _____ two hours last night. I am tired.7.She has done her homework ______________two hours.8. He has been reading the book ______________three hours.9.How long has David been a teacher? _________two years.10.I’ve been practicing the piano__________10:30.11.Marie has been running________15minutes.12.Sarah has been sleeping_________9:00.13.Dale has been talking on the phone __________five minutes.14.Louie has been studying __________he was six years old.15.I’ve been watching you ____________ten minutes.16.The Lin family has been living in the neighborhood ___________August.( ) 1. I have been a teacher _________ 2001. A. since B. for C. after D. before( ) 2. They have lived here ___________.A. since six years agoB. in 1989C. ten years agoD. last year.( ) 3. We have lived here _________ five years ago.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. after( ) 4. The old man died ___________.A. for a few yearsB. since a few yearsC. a few years agoD. for a few years ago ( ) 5 He has lived in Fuzhou _________ 20 years.A. sinceB. forC. inD. of( ) 6. His grandfather ________ for two weeks.A. has diedB. diedC. has been deadD. was dead( ) 7. It’s three years _________ we left school.A. forB. sinceC. whenD. while( ) 8.My friend has worked in that hospital ________.A. since it openedB. for it openedC. since it opensD. since it open ( ) 9. They have ______ since the factory opened.A. left the schoolB. joined the teamC. become a workerD. worked here ( ) 10. Lin Tao has been to the farm, and _________.A. his sister has soB. so has his sisterC. so his sister hasD. has his sister so ( ) 11. ---- Have you _________ to Hainan? ----- Yes, I ____________ there last spring.A. been/ have beenB. gone/wentC. gone/ have beenD. been/ went( ) 12. Her mother _________ since she was a child.A. has diedB. has been deadC. diedD. was dead( ) 13. The bus ________ here for half an hour.A. has comeB. has beenC. has arrivedD. has stopped( ) 14. My brother ________ the colour TV for ten years.A. have boughtB. have hadC. has boughtD. has had( ) 15. How many days have you _________ the book?A. borrowedB. lendC. keptD. lent( ) 16. It ________ ten years since they _________ to France.A.was/ movedB. was/ have movedC. is/ have movedD. is/ moved拓展练习题：1．我来汕头已有六年了。
I _____________________ since six years ago.2．LUCY买了这本书已有两个星期了。
Lucy_______ ________ the book ________ two years. 3．火车离开半个小时了。
The train _________________________ for _________.4．你读过这本书吗？读过。
什么时候读的？去年。
_______ you _______ the book? Yes, I _______.When _______you _________ it? Last year.5．电影已经开始一个半小时了。
