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语法选择解题技巧① 人称代词1）主语用主格2）动词/介词后用宾格；3）空格后有名词，用形容词性物主代词，没有名词则用名词性物主代词；名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 具体的名词4）反身代词常考enjoy oneself / help yourself / dress oneself / teach oneself；5. 考形容词/副词① -ed是修饰人，-ing是修饰事物① 形容词修饰名词，副词（一般以ly 结尾）修饰动词，副词修饰形容词① 出现than, 用比较级① 出现as…. as 结构，用形容词/副词原级① one of + adj最高级+ n 复数6.考介词① 时间介词at: 用于具体时刻、节日前，例如：at 8:00，at Christmas. 固定搭配：at noon, at nightin: 用于世纪、年、季节、月份等不具体的时间前，例如：in 2011固定搭配：in the morning/afternoon/eveningon: 用于具体的某一天，或具体的早上、下午、晚上; 星期。
on the afternoon of May 5th on a cold day，on Monday/ Tuesday …for/since: 后面+一段时间，现在完成时的标志① 其它介词with:与...一起，和...；带着...，有...的；以(手段、材料)，用(工具)without: 没有。
by + 交通工具① 介词+ doing after/before doing; in doing ; for doing …7.考连词but/however：表示转折关系；(but后无逗号；however, 后须有逗号)so/therefore/thus：表示因果关系；or：或者、否则之意。
and：表示并列关系；though/although：表示虽然……但是，不能与but连用。
all：表示全部都，用于三者以上；none: 表示没有人，用于三者或三者以上（侧重指人，表否定）both...and：表示两者都；either...or：表示两者之一（选择）；neither...nor：表示两者中没有一个；either: 用于句末，表示两者的否定too: 用于句末，表示两者的肯定also: 用于句中，表示也8.考动词：一看：有无时态标志；单复数标志；二看：空格前有无情态动词（情态动词+do）、介词（介词+Ving）三看：并列结构；有无and/or （如有则观察and/or前或后的动词形式，答案选项的形式要与其保持一致）四看：固定搭配，如make/let sb do sth , see sb do/doing sth 等9.考被动语态被动语态：be (is/are/am/was/were) + done（过去分词）含有情态动词的被动语态：should/must/can/could/may/might……be done10. 考定语从句：跟在名词/代词后面，修饰名词/代词修饰人：who 修饰物：which11. 考宾语从句：跟在谓语后面三要素：① 引导词① 时态当主句为一般现在时时，从句可以为任何时态；当主句为一般过去时时，从句必须用过去时态；当从句为表示客观事实，真理时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时；① 语序：陈序语序12. 考词性-tion 一般为名词后缀separation, selection,-ness 一般为名词后缀calmness-ly 一般为副词后缀luckily, fortunately,-ful 一般为形容词后缀careful,-ing/-ed 一般为形容词后缀-ing形容的是物；-ed形容的是人13. 固定搭配pick up 捡起解题方法方法一:上下文推断法根据上下文的提示或暗示,体验语境和作者的情感态度,结合语法知识,选出符合场景的最佳选项。
非谓语动词一、考点梳理考点一动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有带to 和省略to 两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。
1. 作主语To travel around China is my dream.环游中国是我的梦想。
注意：不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，但通常用it 作形式主语，而把不定式放于句末，来保持句子的平衡，常见的句式有：(1) It takes sb. some time to do sth.It took me twenty minutes to finish my English homework.完成我的英语家庭作业花费了我20分钟的时间。
(2) It’s + adj./n. + to do sth.It’s interesting to read the English books.读英语书是有趣的。
(3) It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 其中形容词是用来修饰动词不定式的。
It’s hard for me to learn English well.学好英语对我来说是困难的。
(4) It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 其中形容词是用来修饰人的。
It’s very kind of you to help me.你能帮助我真是太好了。
2. 作表语动词不定式作表语时，主要表示愿望、责任、义务等，一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。
His wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望就是当一名老师。
To be a policeman is his wish.当一名警察是他的愿望。
3. 作宾语decide, hope, plan, want, learn, seem, choose, fail 等后只能跟动词不定式作宾语。
I want to see a doctor about that cough.我想找医生治咳嗽。
专题11 非谓语动词（2022·天津·中考真题）1. The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.A. sellB. sellsC. soldD. to sell【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：这幅画对他来说真的很有价值。
他永远不会同意卖掉它。
考查非谓语动词。
agree to do sth.“同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。
故选D。
（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）2. Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!A. cuttingB. to cutC. gettingD. to get【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：男孩女孩们，祝你们好运，在新的征程上取得好成绩!考查非谓语。
wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”，是固定短语，用不定式作宾补，故选D。
（2022·云南·中考真题）3. If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.A. improveB. improvedC. improvingD. to improve【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：如果你想提高你的发音，坚持每天练习。
考查非谓语动词。
want to do sth“想要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故选D。
（2022·重庆A卷·中考真题）4. Mr. Brown told his son not ________ the paintings in the museum.A. touchB. to touchC. touchingD. touched【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：布朗先生告诉他的儿子不要碰博物馆里的画。
专题11 特殊句式（解析版）Part 1：知识点梳理1.倒装的必备条件及具体应用；2.省略的基本原则及用法；3.强调句的基本结构、句式及其与相似主从复合句的区别。
知识点1倒装1：完全倒装完全倒装here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调Out rushed the children.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood twotables and four chairs.强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡Present at the meeting were1,000 students.2：部分倒装部分倒装never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首Hardly did I know whathad happened.only和修饰的状语放于句首Only then did he realizethe importance of English.not only...but also...连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒Not only does he knowFrench,but also he is expert atit.neither...nor...连接并列的句子,前后都倒装Neither do I know it,nordo I care about it.so...that,such...that中的so或such及被修饰的成分放于句首时,主谓要倒装So busy is he that hecannot go on a holiday.as引导的让步状语Child as he is,he haslearned a lot.so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的He can play the piano.So人或事can I.May you be in good用于表示祝愿的祈使句中health!Were I you,I would not do 省略if的虚拟条件it in this way.知识点2 省略1. 不定式的省略(1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy, pleased, delighted, have, need, ought, used, be going, be about, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed等。
专题11 全国卷语法填空基础巩固1.阅读短文，在空白处填入一个合适的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Halloween, I brought my wife home from the hospital to live out her remaining days. Remembering that the children would come for Trick or Treat, and ________(realize)I was not prepared with any candy, I quickly ________(gather)whatever I could find in the house.The first ________ (arrive) were three girls about 15 years old. I apologized for my poor treats and told them I was not able to get any treat ________of my wife's illness.They thanked me and ________. About a minute ________, they returned, and each one gave me a ________ (hand)of candies from their bags.In tears, I tried to give ________back to the girls but these wonderful young ladies rushed off, leaving me with: "We hope she gets well.I didn't know these beautiful young girls, but I'd like them to know that their simple act of ________ (kind) brought joy and hope to me when there was none.Even though my wife has since passed away, the memories of a sad time will ________ (bright) as soon as I thought of the goodness of these three angels.【答案】realizing；gathered；arrivals；because；left；later；handful；them；kindness；be brightened【解析】（1）考查非谓语动词。
非谓语动词-动名词解析版Part 1 考点分类+考频统计Part 2 十年真题1．[2023年全国乙卷] As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 8.______ (record) everything I discovered.【答案】recording【解析】考查非谓语动词-动名词作宾语。
句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。
spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。
这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。
故填recording。
2．[2021年全国甲卷] After 4_____ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!【答案】spending【解析】考查非谓语动词-动名词作介宾。
句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。
此处After为介词，应用动名词，作介词宾语。
故填spending。
3．[2021年全国乙卷] ● Minimize the impact of __7___ (visit) the place.【答案】visiting【解析】考查非谓语动词-动名词作介宾。
句意：最大限度地减少参观这个地方的影响。
根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语。
故填visiting。
4．[2020年全国II卷] They represent the earth 3 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【解析】考查非谓语动词-动名词作宾语。
2021年中考真题英语分项汇编1．（2021·湖南郴州市·中考真题）Many university graduates go to work in the countryside _____ villagers live a better life.A．to help B．helping C．help【答案】A【详解】句意：许多大学毕业生到农村去工作，为了帮助村民过上更好的生活。
考查非谓语动词。
to help动词不定式；helping动名词形式；help动词原形。
根据句意可知，空处在句中是作目的状语，应用动词不定式来表达，其构成形式为：to do。
故选A。
2．（2021·湖北鄂州市·中考真题）—What did the teacher say just now?—He told us _____ in the river.A．swim B．swimming C．not to swim D．not swim【答案】C【详解】句意：—老师刚才说了什么？—他告诉我们不要在河里游泳。
考查非谓语动词。
固定搭配：tell sb (not) to do sth“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，故选C。
3．（2021·广西柳州市·中考真题）Alice couldn’t make herself _____ attention to because her classmates made so much noise.A．pay B．paid C．paying【答案】A【详解】句意：爱丽丝不能让自己集中注意力，因为她的同学太吵了。
考查非谓语动词。
根据空前的make herself可知，此处是make的用法make sb do sth，表示让某人做某事，所以此处应该用动词原形。
故选A。
4．（2021·广西柳州市·中考真题）—Does the method you thought of _____ the problem make any sense?—Of course.A．Solve B．of solving C．solving【答案】B【详解】句意：—你想出的解决这个问题的方法有意义吗？——当然。
非谓语动词的用法概述：非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。
但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。
都不受主语人称和数的限制（即无人称和数的变化），但有时态和语态的变化。
如：He let me did it.（×）----He let me do it.（√）Lily helps me does it.（×）----Lily helps me do it.（√）She wanted to be punished by her father.掌握非谓语动词的关键在于：弄清三大非谓语动词各种不同的结构形式、每种结构所表达的时间概念及其主被动关系；弄清楚三大非谓语动词各自所作的句子成分；不同的非谓语动词作同一句子成分时的区别；三大非谓语动词的其他特殊用法。
一、三大非谓语动词的结构形式及每种结构所表达的时间概念及其主被动关系（一）不定式（二）动名词（三）分词二、三大非谓语动词各自所充当的句子成分非谓语动词具有各自不同的词类特征，因此充当的句子成分也各不相同。
不定式具有名词、动词、形容词和副词的特性，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；动名词具有名词和动词的特性，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语；分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
（见下面的图表）。
不定式：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补动名词：主语、宾语、表语、定语分词：表语、定语、状语、宾补附：三大非谓语动词的区别一览表注意：当由现在分词和过去分词变化而来的形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人或事物时，可以作主语或宾语。
如：the dying，the wounded等。
三、不同的非谓语动词作同一句子成分时的区别（一）、作主语（不定式和动名词作主语的区别）：1. 所表动作的具体含义不同：不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作；动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。
三年（2022-2024）中考英语真题分项汇编（全国通用）专题11 非谓语动词(2024中考真题）1. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）My little brother suggested ________ for a walk.A. to goB. goingC. goes2. （2024·江苏省扬州市·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways.A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helped3. （2024·四川达州市·中考真题）Qiqi hopes ________ medicine in Sichuan University.A. studiesB. studyingC. to study4. （2024·天津·中考真题）People may use different body language _________ the same feelings.A. showB. to showC. showedD. shows5. （2024·云南省·中考真题）Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us a speech on space technology.A. giveB. givenC. givingD. to give6. （2024·四川凉山·中考真题）______ teenagers’ eyesight, experts advise them to stay away from electronic products.A. ProtectB. To protectC. Protecting7. （2024·四川泸州市·中考真题）______ healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school.A. KeepB. To keepC. KeepingD. Keeps8. （2024·四川自贡市·中考真题）To save energy, don’t forget ________ the light before you leave the room.A. turn offB. turning offC. to turn off(2023中考真题）1．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I have decided to go to Beijing and ________ one of my old friends there.A．visiting B．visited C．visits D．visit2．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）________ down air pollution, we should walk or take the bus instead of driving.A．Cut B．To cut C．Cutting3．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）We hope ________ a beautiful home by living a low-carbon life (低碳生活).A．build B．building C．to build4．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—Shall we go swimming this afternoon?—I would rather ________ at home than ________ swimming.A．stay; going B．stay; go C．to stay; to go5．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room.A．dance B．dancing C．to dance6．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Today, we must continue working ________ our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear.A．keep B．to keep C．keeping7．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—Are you going to read the book Journey to the West?—Yes. Our teacher expects us ________ such traditional Chinese books.A．read B．reading C．to read8．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）It’s reported that China plans ________ astronauts to the moon before 2030.A．send B．sending C．to send9．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—Our school will invite Mr. Wang ________ us a talk on environmental protection next week.—That’s wonderful!A．give B．to give C．giving D．gave10．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）We expect the world _______ China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.A．understanding B．to understand C．understood D．understand11．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades in a new year.A．get B．getting C．to get12．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）We should avoid ________ a noise in the library.A．make B．to make C．making13．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）________ beautiful day! Let’s take a walk by the lake.A．What B．What a C．How14．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）David learnt ________ when he was five.A．swim B．swims C．swam D．to swim15．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）Today is Father’s Day, and I plan ________ a dinner for my father.A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepared D．prepare16．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）— What are you going to do this summer vacation?— I plan ________ Hua Hua, a nearly 3-year-old lovely panda in Chengdu.A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see17．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ________ I have ever read.—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ________ it again.A．that, reading B．which, to read C．that, to read18．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs.A．write, showing B．writing, show C．write, show19．（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—Mike, we are told not ________ the phone while crossing the street. —I am sorry. I won’t do it again.A．answering B．to answer C．answer7．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club.A．join B．joining C．to join D．to joining20．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）Many people enjoy ______ zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival.A．making B．made C．to make(2022中考真题）1．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）—Tom, do you think reading is important?—Yes, I do. So I decide ________ more time reading from now on.A．spend B．to spend C．spending2．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）________ a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other. A．Create B．To create C．Creating3．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）I hope ________ in my hometown after I finish school.A．work B．works C．working D．to work4．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.A．swim; to follow B．swim; followingC．swimming; following D．swimming; to follow5．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）— Hou can I prevent COVID-19, Dad?—________ healthy, you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.A．Keep B．Keeping C．To keep6．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read7．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist _______ a talk on World Earth Day. A．giving B．to give C．give D．given8．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—I often watch talk shows on TV.—I enjoy watching the news. I hope ________ what’s going on around the world.A．find out B．to find out C．finding out9．（2022·广西·中考真题）Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red. A．go B．going C．don’t go D．not to go10．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）Remember ________ the light when you leave the classroom.A．turn off B．to turn off C．turning off11．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）Teenagers often listen to pop music _________.A．relax B．to relax C．relaxing D．relaxed12．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She________ the piano in her room.A．play; is playing B．playing; plays C．playing; is playing【答案】C13．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）What about ________ the song Together for a Shared Future? Its name is the slogan (口号) of Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.A．sing B．singing C．to sing14．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）If you have difficulty ________ out the problem, you can ask the teacher for help.A．work B．working C．to work15．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—It is convenient ________ us ________ things online.—So it is.A．for; to buy B．of; to buy C．for; buy16．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）Our school often advises the students, especially teenage girls ________ some chores at home to help busy parents.A．doing B．to do C．do17．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Nancy didn’t know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.A．to meet B．meet C．met D．meets18．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________. A．whether, read B．if; to read C．that; reading D．as; being read19．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room.A．dance B．dancing C．to dance20．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）Many people have lost their homes be cause of wars. It’s important for people ________ a peaceful world.A．have B．had C．to have D．to be having21．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages ______ in the world? —Sorry, I have no idea.A．speaking B．spoken C．speak D．spoke22．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind ______ your radio? —Sorry. I’ll do it at once.A．turning down B．turn down C．turning up D．turn up23．（2022·海南·中考真题）—Peter always remembers ________ the light off when he leaves the room. —That’s great. It’s a good way to save energy.A．shut B．shutting C．to shut24．（2022·福建·中考真题）It’s important for us ________ hard in order to have a better life.A．work B．to work C．working25．（2022·天津·中考真题）The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.A．sell B．sells C．sold D．to sell26．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!A．cutting B．to cut C．getting D．to get27．（2022·云南·中考真题）If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day. A．improve B．improved C．improving D．to improve28．（2022·重庆A卷·中考真题）Mr. Brown told his son not ________ the paintings in the museum. A．touch B．to touch C．touching D．touched29．（2022·重庆B卷·中考真题）The new year is coming. Teachers encourage us ________ new hobbies. A．develop B．developing C．to develop D．developed30．（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）The teacher told Jack _______ off the light when he left the classroom. A．turn B．turning C．to turn31．（2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题）Many students practice _______ in the morning because of the P.E. exam. A．run B．running C．ran32．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills? —Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keep33．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door. A．Reach B．To reach C．Reaching D．To reaching34．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）The local government advises people ________ to other places ________ it is not necessary during the pandemic.A．travel; unless B．to not travel; if C．not to travel; unless D．not to travel; if35．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）— Exercising is good for our health.—You’re right. So I’d rather ________ an hour’s walk than ________ in front of the computer.A．to take; sit B．take; sit C．take; sitting D．to take; sitting36．（2022·四川泸州·中考真题）As teenagers, we are not allowed ________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork.A．bring B．to bring C．bringing D．brought37．（2022·四川遂宁·中考真题）—The art festival is coming. It’s a good chance to show ourselves.—You are very good at ________. And you will be the most popular star.A．singing B．sing C．to sing D．sang38．（2022·四川广元·中考真题）The Great Wall is so famous that a large number of travellers wish ______ it. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited39．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）The teacher told us ________ too much noise because the other students were having an exam.A．to not make B．not to make C．not make D．not making。
【2019 • 四川凉山州中考】—Is it necessary _________ us _________ some photos before saving the old man?—Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so.A. of; takingB. for; takingC. of; to takeD. for; to take【试题答案】D【参考答案】句意：——在救那个老人之前，我们有必要拍些照片吗？——是的，它是。
如果我们这样做，我们可以保护自己。
It’s +adj. for /of sb. to do sth “对某人来说做某事……样”，该结构中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语，故排除A、B两项；通常由of或for引出不定式动作的执行者，如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.；如果形容词是仅仅来描述事物的，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible 用for 引出动作的执行者，故选D。
此题如果学生分不清it is adj. for sb. to do sth.和it is adj.for sb. doing sth.，学生很容易误选B，to do 表示有目的性，doing 表示正在进行。
此处表示在救那个老人之前，我们有必要拍些照片吗？故选D。
1. 动词不定式的作用2. 不定式的特殊用法①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to 。
此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。
变为被动语态时，省略的to 则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do ，其被动形式为to be done 。
►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接＂疑问词+带to 的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget 等。
►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。
非谓语动词解题七大原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。
原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing 。
原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing 或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing ，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。
不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。
原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。
但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing 的被动式。
原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。
原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。
原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing ，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。
【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)【巧学妙记】后跟to do 作宾语的动词（词组）(1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget) (2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn) (3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help)(4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)【2019 • 湖北省咸宁中】— Come and see! The baby is crying.—Please do something to make him _________.A. stop cryingB. stop to cryC. cryingD. cry【参考答案】A【试题解析】句意：——过来看看！婴儿在哭。
——做点什么让他别哭了。
A. stop crying 停止哭；B. stop to cry停下来去哭；C为动名词；D为的动词原形。
make sb . do sth. 使某人做某事，make后跟动词原形，排除C；还考查了stop的用法。
stop doing sth. 是停止做某事；stop to do sth. 是停下来做另一件事。
结合语境：The baby is crying. 婴儿在哭。
可知，应该是做点什么让婴儿别哭了。
故选A。
此题考查短语stop doing sth.的用法，stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事，stop doing sth. 停止做某事，学生掌握住这个知识点就能做对此题。
有类似用法的动词有：forget, remember等等。
（一）动名词的构成动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。
（二）动名词作用（三）动名词的特殊用法即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford 等动词。
有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try 等词后差别比较明显。
1. 【2019 • 广西省河池中考】My parents don’t allow me _________ TV on school nights.A. to watchB. watchC. watchesD. watching【答案】A【解析】句意：我的父母不允许我在上学日的晚上看电视。
to watch 动词不定式；watch 观看，动词原形；watches 第三人称单数形式；watching 动名词形式。
句中使用了句型allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，故应选A 。
2. 【2019 • 四川省内江中考】—Where is Mike?—I saw him _________ with Mr. Smith in the hallways just now. A. to talk B. talkingC. talkedD. talks【答案】B【解析】句意：——Mike 在哪里?——我刚才看见他在走廊里和Smith 先生谈话。
考查动词非谓语。
A. to talk 动词不定式；B. talking 动名词或现在分词；C. talked 过去式或过去分词；D. talks 第三人称单数。
根据I saw him____with Mr. Smith in the hallways just now.可知这里考查see 的用法，see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事，强调看着做的整个过程；see sb. doing sth.看见某人正做某事，强调正在进行。
根据just now （刚刚），在这里应该是刚刚看见他在走廊里和Smith先生正在谈话，强调正在进行的动作，所以应该用see sb. doing sth.故答案选B。
3. 【2019 • 云南昆明中考】Yunnan Museum is such an interesting place that many kids have fun it.A. visitingB. to visitC. readingD. to read【答案】A【解析】句意：云南博物馆是一个非常有趣的地方，以至于很多孩子都很喜欢参观。
have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣，根据such an interesting place that many kids have fun 可知句意：云南博物馆是一个非常有趣的地方，以至于很多孩子都很喜欢参观。
故选A。
4.【2019 •四川省遂宁中考】These foreigners are practicing Chinese.A. to speakB. speakingC. speakD. speaks【答案】B【解析】句意：这些外国人正在练习说汉语。
practice doing sth表示练习做某事。
故选B。
5. 【2019 •内蒙古呼和浩特中考】It is wise Linda to make up her mind to play aninstrument.A. for; learningB. for; to learnC. of; learningD. of; to learn【答案】D【解析】句意：对琳达来说明智的做法是下定决心学会演奏乐器。
It’s adj. for/of sb. to do sth. "对某人来说…样"，用for 是因为前面的adj.是来描述do后面的sth.用of ，adj.就用来形容sb的，it is adj. of sb. to do，这里的形容词是形容人的性格特征的，如nice，kind clever，foolish，smart，都是形容人的，it is adj. for sb. to do就是普通的形容词，如hard，impossible，important. 空格用for，因此答案应是for。
由题干"对琳达来说明智的做法是下定决心学会演奏乐器。
"可知，第一个空格用for；第二个空格用to learn，因此答案应是for；to learn。
故选D。
6. 【2019 •湖南省湘潭中考】—Alex, would you mind down the music? It’s too noisy.—Sorry, dad. I’ll do it right away.A. turnB. turningC. to turn【答案】B【解析】根据句意：——亚历克斯. 你介意调小音乐吗？太吵了。
