2010期中考试答案
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2010-2011学年北京市延庆县四年级(下)期中数学试卷一、选择题:将正确答案的序号填入括号内.【每题2分,共10分】1.(2分)在学校团体操表演中,男生有352人,女生有286人,每行站22人,女生比男生少站多少行?列式正确的是()A.286÷22﹣352÷22B.22×(352﹣286)C.(352﹣286)÷22D.22×352﹣22×2862.(2分)学校买了9盒水笔,每盒装8枝,共花去216元,()式子可用于计算每枝水笔多少元钱?()A.216÷9×8B.216÷8×9C.216÷(9×8)D.2l6×9×8 3.(2分)0.6和0.60,它们的()A.大小相等,计数单位一样B.大小相等,计数单位不一样C.大小不相等,计数单位也不一样4.(2分)用简便方法计算.76×98=76×(100﹣2)=76×100﹣76×2,该题计算的根据是()A.乘法交换律B.乘法结合律C.乘法分配律D.乘法交换律和结合律5.(2分)10米8厘米改写成用“分米”作单位的数是()分米.A.10.08B.10.8C.100.8D.108二、填空题:将正确答案写在括号里.【2×9=18分】6.(2分)计算63×(54﹣36),先算法,再算法.7.(2分)(76+162)+38=76+(+)8.(2分)a×(b+c)=×+×.9.(2分)3×8×125=3×(8×125)应用了乘法律.10.(2分)43×(34+26)=43×34+43×26应用了乘法律.11.(2分)把0.1平均分成10份,每份是.12.(2分)0.8里面有个0.1;8.56里面有个0.01.13.(2分)地球赤道周长约40075696米,改写成用“万米”作单位的数是万米,保留一位小数约是万米.14.(2分)一个三位小数保留两位小数后是0.86,这个三位小数最大是.三、计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算.【18分】15.(18分)213﹣135÷926×4﹣112÷868×19+32×1934×25×40632﹣89﹣232(56+21)×(96÷8).四、按要求完成下列问题.【共20分】16.(4分)用分数和小数表示下图中的阴影部分.(1)如图1,分数小数(2)如图2,分数小数.17.(4分)将合适的数字填在括号里.0.6千克=克380平方分米=平方米3米5厘米=米5平方米80平方厘米=平方分米.18.(12分)看图填空.(1)商场在小丽家的偏°方向米处,小丽家在商场的偏°方向米处.(2)小丽从家到书店所走的路线是:从家出发,向偏°方向走米到商场,再向偏°方向走米到书店.(3)小丽从书店回家所走的路线是:从书店出发,向偏°方向走米到商场,再向偏°方向走米回到家.五、解决问题.【5×4+6=26分】19.(5分)在学校运动会上,四、五年级同学列队入场.四年级学生每排10人,站了16排.五年级学生每排8人,站了25排.四、五年级,哪个年级人数多?多多少人?20.(5分)一箱矿泉水有24瓶,这个箱子和矿泉水一共重14800克,箱子重400克,平均每瓶矿泉水重多少克?21.(5分)小兰一家去商场买照相机,爸爸身上带了2080元,妈妈带了1570元,他们看中了一台3280元的照相机,这些钱够吗?(用计算说明)22.(5分)学校购回40筒乒乓球,每筒12个,共用了2400元,每个乒乓球售价多少元?23.(6分)有一块边长是6分米的正方形木板,把它锯成两块相同的长方形木板后,拼成了一个长方形广告牌(如图),这个广告牌的周长是分米,面积是平方分米.六、口算24.(5分)400﹣165=320+680=3500÷1000=1000×0.1=25×40=80÷80=427﹣300=21×60=0.23×100=4500÷9=33×20=210+120=800﹣80=169+298=10÷1000=0.07×10=0÷78=490÷70=142+80=50×60÷30=40+60×10=125×3×8=180÷20×9=20×7×5=150÷5÷3=120﹣350÷5=300÷6﹣13=0×0.01+10= 3.6÷10÷10=25×3×4=100×0.03=0×100÷10=1÷100×8=4000÷80=0.7÷10=8.5×100=10×0.05×10=1000÷100=2+8÷2+8=2010-2011学年北京市延庆县四年级(下)期中数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:将正确答案的序号填入括号内.【每题2分,共10分】1.(2分)在学校团体操表演中,男生有352人,女生有286人,每行站22人,女生比男生少站多少行?列式正确的是()A.286÷22﹣352÷22B.22×(352﹣286)C.(352﹣286)÷22D.22×352﹣22×286【考点】整数、小数复合应用题.【分析】要求女生比男生少站多少行,就要用女生比男生少的人数,既(352﹣286)人除以每行站的人数22.据此解答.【解答】解:(352﹣286)÷22.故选:C.2.(2分)学校买了9盒水笔,每盒装8枝,共花去216元,()式子可用于计算每枝水笔多少元钱?()A.216÷9×8B.216÷8×9C.216÷(9×8)D.2l6×9×8【考点】整数四则混合运算.【分析】方法一:先用水笔的盒数乘每盒的数量求出一共有多少枝水笔;然后再用总钱数除以水笔的枝数就是每枝水笔的单价;方法二:先用总钱数除以盒数,求出一盒水笔的多少钱;再用一盒的钱数除以一盒的枝数就是每枝的钱数.【解答】解:有两种方法:(1)216÷(9×8);(2)216÷9÷8;选项C符合第一种方法.故选:C.3.(2分)0.6和0.60,它们的()A.大小相等,计数单位一样B.大小相等,计数单位不一样C.大小不相等,计数单位也不一样【考点】小数的读写、意义及分类;小数的性质及改写.【分析】根据小数的性质,小数的末尾添上“0”或去掉“0”,小数的大小才不变,所以0.6=0.60,;0.6的计数单位是0.1,0.60的计数单位是0.01,所以0.6和0.60的大小相等,计数单位不一样.【解答】解:由分析可知,0.6和0.60的大小相等,计数单位不一样,故选:B.4.(2分)用简便方法计算.76×98=76×(100﹣2)=76×100﹣76×2,该题计算的根据是()A.乘法交换律B.乘法结合律C.乘法分配律D.乘法交换律和结合律【考点】运算定律与简便运算.【分析】根据乘法分配律的意义,两个数的和(或差)与一个相乘,可以把两个加数(或被除数、减数)分别与这个数相乘,再把两个积相加或相减,结果不变.由此解答.【解答】解:76×98,=76×(100﹣2),=76×100﹣76×2,=7600﹣152,=7448.故选:C.5.(2分)10米8厘米改写成用“分米”作单位的数是()分米.A.10.08B.10.8C.100.8D.108【考点】长度的单位换算.【分析】这是把复名数改写成单名数,10米8厘米看作是10米与8厘米的和,把米和厘米都换算成分米,二者再相加即可.米化分米乘进率10,厘米化分米除以进率10.【解答】解:10米=100分米,8厘米=0.8分米,100分米+0.8分米=100.8分米;故选:C.二、填空题:将正确答案写在括号里.【2×9=18分】6.(2分)计算63×(54﹣36),先算减法,再算乘法.【考点】整数四则混合运算.【分析】63×(54﹣36),有小括号,先算小括号里面的减法,再算括号外的乘法.【解答】解:63×(54﹣36),=63×18,=1134;先算减法,再算乘法.故答案为:减,乘.7.(2分)(76+162)+38=76+(162+38)【考点】运算定律与简便运算.【分析】可以根据加法结律进行填空:在加法算式中,先把前两个数相加,或先把后两个数相加,和不变.【解答】解:(76+162)+38=76+(162+38);故答案为:162+38.8.(2分)a×(b+c)=a×+a×c.【考点】运算定律与简便运算.【分析】两个的数的和与一个数相乘,可以把这两个加数分别与这个数相乘,再把两个积相加结果不变,这叫做乘法分配律.由此解答.【解答】解:a×(b+c)=a×b+a×c,故答案为:a×b+a×c.9.(2分)3×8×125=3×(8×125)应用了乘法结合律.【考点】运算定律与简便运算.【分析】乘法结合律用字母表示为a×b×c=(a×b)×c=a×(b×c),即三个数相乘,先把前两个数相乘,在和第三个数相乘,或者先把后两个数相乘,再和第一个数相乘,积不变.因此3×8×125=3×(8×125)运用了乘法结合律.【解答】解:3×8×125=3×(8×125)应用了乘法(结合)律;故答案为:结合.10.(2分)43×(34+26)=43×34+43×26应用了乘法分配律.【考点】运算定律与简便运算.【分析】算式43×(34+26)=43×34+43×26属于a×(b+c)=a×b+a×c的形式,乘法分配律用字母表示为a×(b+c)=a×b+a×c,因此,此题运用了乘法分配律.【解答】解:43×(34+26)=43×34+43×26运用了乘法(分配)律.故答案为:分配.11.(2分)把0.1平均分成10份,每份是0.01.【考点】小数除法.【分析】根据除法的意义,把一个数平均分成几份,求一份是多少,就用除法,再根据小数的除法计算法则,除以10就是将小数点向左移动一位.【解答】解:0.1÷10=0.01.答:把0.1平均分成10份,每份是0.01.故答案为:0.01.12.(2分)0.8里面有8个0.1;8.56里面有856个0.01.【考点】小数的读写、意义及分类.【分析】(1)0.8的8在十分位上,表示8个0.1;(2)8.56的8在个位上,表示800个0.01,5在十分位上,表示50个0.01,6在百分位上,表示6个0.01,即:8.56里有856个0.01.【解答】解:(1)0.8里有8个0.1;(2)8.56的8在个位上,表示800个0.01,5在十分位上,表示50个0.01,6在百分位上,表示6个0.01,即:800+50+6=856,所以:8.56里有856个0.01;故答案为:8,856.13.(2分)地球赤道周长约40075696米,改写成用“万米”作单位的数是4007.5696万米,保留一位小数约是4007.6万米.【考点】整数的改写和近似数.【分析】把40075696改写成用万作单位的数,就是在万位数的右下角点上小数点,然后把小数末尾的0去掉,再在数的后面写上“万”字;然后再把百分位上数进行四舍五入.【解答】解:40075696=4007.5696万;4007.5696万≈4007.6万;故答案为:4007.5696,4007.6.14.(2分)一个三位小数保留两位小数后是0.86,这个三位小数最大是0.864.【考点】近似数及其求法.【分析】运用“四舍五入”法,把一个三位小数保留两位小数后是0.86,只要这个三位小数是大于或等于0.855,且小于0.864的都可以;据此解答.【解答】解:一个三位小数保留两位小数后是0.86,只要这个三位小数是大于或等于0.855,且小于0.864的都可以,因此这个数最大是0.864.故答案为:0.864.三、计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算.【18分】15.(18分)213﹣135÷926×4﹣112÷868×19+32×1934×25×40632﹣89﹣232(56+21)×(96÷8).【考点】整数四则混合运算;运算定律与简便运算.【分析】(1)先算除法,再算减法;(2)先同时运算乘法和除法,再算减法;(3)运用乘法分配律简算;(4)运用乘法结合律简算;(5)运用加法交换律简算;(6)先同时运算两个小括号里面的加法和除法,最后算括号外的乘法.【解答】解:(1)213﹣135÷9,=213﹣15,=198;(2)26×4﹣112÷8,=104﹣14,=90;(3)68×19+32×19,=(68+32)×19,=100×19,=1900;(4)34×25×40,=34×(25×40),=34×1000,=34000;(5)632﹣89﹣232,=632﹣232﹣89,=400﹣89,=311;(6)(56+21)×(96÷8),=77×12,=924.四、按要求完成下列问题.【共20分】16.(4分)用分数和小数表示下图中的阴影部分.(1)如图1,分数小数0.3(2)如图2,分数小数0.47.【考点】分数的意义和读写;小数的读写、意义及分类.【分析】分数的意义为:将单位“1”平均分成若干份,表示这样一份或几份的数为分数;当整体被十等分、百等分、千等分…等时,此时的分量,就使用另外一种记录的方法﹣小数.例如记成0.1、记成0.02、记成0.005…等.据此对题目中的图形进行分析后用分数和小数表示下图中的阴影部分即可.【解答】解:图1,此图形被平均分成10份,其中阴影部分为3份,根据分数及小数的意义可知,阴影部分占这个图形的,用小数表示为0.3;图2,此图形被平均分成100份,其中阴影部分为47份,根据分数及小数的意义可知,阴影部分占这个图形的,用小数表示为0.47.如图:17.(4分)将合适的数字填在括号里.0.6千克=600克380平方分米= 3.8平方米3米5厘米= 3.05米5平方米80平方厘米=500.8平方分米.【考点】质量的单位换算;长度的单位换算;小面积单位间的进率及单位换算.【分析】(1)把千克化成克要乘它们单位间的进率1000,(2)把平方分米化成平方米,要除以它们单位间的进率100,(3)把高级单位上的数作为整数部分,把厘米化成米要除以它们单位间的进率100.(4)把平方米化成平方分米,再加上把平方厘米化成平方分米数.据此解答.【解答】解:(1)0.6千克=0.6×1000克=600克,(2)380平方分米=380÷100平方米=3.8平方米,(3)3米5厘米=3米+5÷100米=3米+0.05米=3.05米,(4)5平方米80平方厘米=5×100平方分米+80÷100平方分米=500平方分米+0.8平方分米=500.8平方分米和.故答案为:600,3.8,3.05,500.8.18.(12分)看图填空.(1)商场在小丽家的西偏北40°方向360米处,小丽家在商场的东偏南40°方向360米处.(2)小丽从家到书店所走的路线是:从家出发,向西偏北40°方向走360米到商场,再向南偏西60°方向走350米到书店.(3)小丽从书店回家所走的路线是:从书店出发,向北偏东60°方向走350米到商场,再向东偏南40°方向走360米回到家.【考点】方向;路线图.【分析】(1)以小丽家为观察点,商场在西北方向上,给出了西方与商场所在方向之间的夹角40°,之间的距离是360米,那么商场就在小丽家的西偏北40°的方向上,距离是360米;同理求出小丽家在商场的什么方向上,距离是多少米.(2)从小丽家到书店,先以小丽家为观察点,找出商城的位置(上题已解决),再以商城为观测点,找出书店的位置即可.(3)从书店回到小丽家,与来的路程方向相反,角度和距离相等,由此即可求解.【解答】解:(1)商场在小丽家的西偏北40°方向360米处,小丽家在商场的东偏南40°方向360米处.(2)小丽从家到书店所走的路线是:从家出发,向西偏北40°方向走360米到商场,再向南偏西60°方向走350米到书店.(3)小丽从书店回家所走的路线是:从书店出发,向北偏东60°方向走350米到商场,再向东偏南40°方向走360米回到家.故答案为:西,北40,360,东,南40,360;西,北40,360,南,西60,350;北,东60,350,东,南40,360.五、解决问题.【5×4+6=26分】19.(5分)在学校运动会上,四、五年级同学列队入场.四年级学生每排10人,站了16排.五年级学生每排8人,站了25排.四、五年级,哪个年级人数多?多多少人?【考点】整数、小数复合应用题.【分析】根据人数=排数×每排人数,分别求出四、五年级的人数,然后再进行比较.据此解答.【解答】解:四年级的人数:16×10=160(人),五年级的人数:25×8=200(人).160<200,五年级人数多.200﹣160=40(人).答:五年级人数多,多40人.20.(5分)一箱矿泉水有24瓶,这个箱子和矿泉水一共重14800克,箱子重400克,平均每瓶矿泉水重多少克?【考点】平均数的含义及求平均数的方法.【分析】先用“14800﹣400”矿泉水的重量,然后用“矿泉水的重量÷矿泉水的瓶数=每瓶矿泉水的重量”解答即可.【解答】解:(14800﹣400)÷24,=14400÷24,=600(克),答:平均每瓶矿泉水重600克.21.(5分)小兰一家去商场买照相机,爸爸身上带了2080元,妈妈带了1570元,他们看中了一台3280元的照相机,这些钱够吗?(用计算说明)【考点】整数大小的比较;100以内加减法.【分析】要想知道这些钱够还是不够,只要把她爸爸、妈妈带的钱合并起来与照相机的价格进行比较即可.【解答】解:2080+1570,=3650(元);3650>3280;答:这些钱够,还剩370元.22.(5分)学校购回40筒乒乓球,每筒12个,共用了2400元,每个乒乓球售价多少元?【考点】平均数的含义及求平均数的方法.【分析】先用12×40”求出一共有多少个乒乓球,然后根据“总钱数÷总数量=一个乒乓球的价格”即可进行解答.【解答】解:2400÷(12×40),=2400÷480,=5(元),答:每个乒乓球售价5元.23.(6分)有一块边长是6分米的正方形木板,把它锯成两块相同的长方形木板后,拼成了一个长方形广告牌(如图),这个广告牌的周长是30分米,面积是36平方分米.【考点】长方形的周长;长方形、正方形的面积.【分析】根据题意知道,拼成的长方形广告牌的长是6+6=12分米,是6÷2=3分米,由此根据长方形的周长公式C=(a+b)×2,代入数据即可求出广告牌的周长;再根据长方形的面积公式S=ab代入数据,即可求出长方形的广告牌的面积.【解答】解:(6+6+6÷2)×2,=15×2,=30(分米);(2)(6+6)×(6÷2),=12×3,=36(平方分米),答:这个广告牌的周长是30分米,面积是36平方分米.故答案为:30,36.六、口算24.(5分)400﹣165=320+680=3500÷1000=1000×0.1=25×40=80÷80=427﹣300=21×60=0.23×100=4500÷9=33×20=210+120=800﹣80=169+298=10÷1000=0.07×10=0÷78=490÷70=142+80=50×60÷30=40+60×10=125×3×8=180÷20×9=20×7×5=150÷5÷3=120﹣350÷5=300÷6﹣13=0×0.01+10= 3.6÷10÷10=25×3×4=100×0.03=0×100÷10=1÷100×8=4000÷80=0.7÷10=8.5×100=10×0.05×10=1000÷100=2+8÷2+8=【考点】100以内加减法;两位数以上乘法;更大数除法;整数四则混合运算;小数乘法;小数除法.【分析】169+298运用凑整法简算;40+60×10先算乘法,再算加法;125×3×8,20×7×5运用乘法交换律简算;180÷20×9,3.6÷10÷10,50×60÷30,0×100÷10,1÷100×8,10×0.05×10,按照从左到右的顺序计算;2+8÷2+8先算除法,再从左到右的顺序计算加法;其它题目根据运算法则直接求解.【解答】解:400﹣165=235,320+680=1000,3500÷1000=3.5,1000×0.1=100,25×40=1000,80÷80=1,427﹣300=127,21×60=1260,0.23×100=23,4500÷9=500,33×20=660,210+120=330,800﹣80=720,169+298=467,10÷1000=0.01,0.07×10=0.7,0÷78=0,490÷70=7,142+80=222,50×60÷30=100,40+60×10=640,125×3×8=3000,180÷20×9=81,20×7×5=700,150÷5÷3=10,120﹣350÷5=50,300÷6﹣13=37,0×0.01+10=10,3.6÷10÷10=0.036,25×3×4=300,100×0.03=3,0×100÷10=0,1÷100×8=4000÷80=50,0.7÷10=0.07,0.08,1000÷100=10,2+8÷2+8=14.8.5×100=850,10×0.05×10=5,。
2010-2023历年—重庆一中七年级上学期期中考试生物试卷(带解析)第1卷一.参考题库(共20题)1.用下列四台显微镜观察洋葱表皮细胞,视野中的细胞数目最多的一台显微镜是:( )A.目镜5×,物镜10×B.目镜10×,物镜10×C.目镜10×,物镜40×D.目镜15×,物镜40×2.下列叙述中,属于生物因素对生物的影响的是( )A.春来江水绿如蓝B.雨露滋润禾苗壮C.草盛豆苗稀D.人间四月芳菲尽,山寺桃花始盛开3.在校园的池塘里,属于生产者的是( )A.水蚤B.水草C.小鱼D.青蛙4.下列不属于生命现象的是:( )A.钟乳石不断长高B.雨后春笋C.葵花向阳D.种子萌发5.下面属于生物的是:( )①大足石刻②黄桷树③阳光④细菌⑤金鱼⑥水⑦绿藻⑧空气⑨珊瑚虫⑩流感病毒A.①③⑤⑦⑨B.②④⑥⑧C.②④⑤⑦⑨⑩D.①③⑥⑧6.下列说法正确的是( )A.某一个生态系统中的水受到污染,对其他生态系统没有什么影响B.生物圈就是一个巨大的生态系统C.蛇类经常袭击人类,所以我们大量地捕捉蛇,这种做法是正确的D.在农村大量使用农药与我没有关系,因为我住在城市7.如果让你设计一个实验,内容是关于温度对鼠妇生活的影响,下列设计中正确的是( )A.用一只健康的鼠妇作实验材料B.统计的次数为一次,但一定要认真操作C.设计对照实验,除温度是变量外,其他各项都一样D.需分成黑暗和明亮两组作对照8.下列有关生物圈的描述中,不正确的是( )A.是地球上最大的生态系统B.包括大气圈、水圈和岩石圈的全部C.是一个统一的整体D.是地球上所有生物及其它们生活环境的总和9.下列选项中不能构成一个生态系统的是( )A.重庆一中校园B.嘉陵江C.生物圈D.一群羊和一群马10.民俗说:“龙生龙,凤生凤,老鼠生儿会打洞。
”这说明了生物的( )。
A.生长现象B.适应现象C.遗传现象D.变异现象11.如图为一个池塘生态系统,池塘内存有水草、浮萍、水绵、小鱼、大肉食鱼、虾等生物。
江苏省灌南中专2010~2011学年度第一学期期中考试综合教育部10级单招班《英语》试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(客观题)和第Ⅱ卷(主观题)两部分。
试卷满分100分。
第Ⅰ卷客观题(共75分)一选择题1 Pay more attention _______ what you are learning and you will learn better.A onB withC toD for2 Our country is getting ____________.A the more strongB stronger and strongerC more strong and more strongD more and more strong3 Jack is _______ old.A five yearsB five yearC five- yearD five-years4 He was so shocked that she could ______ say a word.A almostB hardlyC nearlyD bare5 Parents thought that their children were _________ in control.A no longB not longerC not longD no longer6 The factory has produce ______ cars this year as the year of 1998.A as twiceB twice muchC as many twiceD twice as many7 A good many workers from all over the country _____ working in the big cities now.A isB wasC areD were8 He prefers walking _________ a bike to school.A to riceB rideC to ridingD ride9 I have difficulty ______English, for I‟m afraid of making mistakes.A to learnB learnC learningD learned10 Old people like to _____ about what happened to them when they were young.A speakB tellC talkD say11 The teacher as well as the students _____ invited to the party.A wasB wereC have beenD had been arrive12 _____ you arrive in the U.S, you‟ll have to face lots of problems.A WhileB onceC oftenD though13 ______ it is to swim in the sea in summer!A what funB How funC What a funD How a fun14 I prize the books ____ all the rest.A overB thanC ofD on15______ it with me and I‟ll see what I can do.A LeaveB When leaveC LeavingD If you leave16 They thought I was a problem student, and I almost gave ___ on myself.A inB upC offD away17 This is _______ beautiful table that I‟m thinking of buying it.A suchB soC such aD so a18 The meeting lasted ____________.A three and a half hoursB three and a half hourC three hour and a halfD three hours and half19 ___________ Mum is a teacher.A Tom‟s and SamB Tom‟s and Sam‟sC Tom and SamD Tom and Sam‟s20 Can you do your work with ______ money and ____ people.A less, fewB less, fewerC little, lessD few, less21 She took the boy _____ and led him round the zoo.A in the handB on the handC by his handD by the hand22 Shanghai is larger than ______ in China.A any cityB any citiesC any other cityD any other cities23 Remember your ________, thank your friend when you leave the party.A customsB habitsC mannerD manners24______ is known to everyone, failure is the mother of success.A ItB AsC ThatD Which25 ---How is everything? ---__________ .A Well, thank you.B Not too bad.C I‟m all right, thanksD Not at all.26 Life is always _______ sunshine even at difficult moments.A filled ofB full ofC filled inD full in27 She was the first teacher ____ me love and concern.A to showB was showingC showedD show28 There‟s _________ with my eyes, I need to see a doctor.A wrong somethingB something wrongC nothing wrongD wrong something29 I was just about to go out_____ the telephone rang.A asB whenC whileD however30 I don‟t mean _____ abroad for study because that means_____ my parents and friends.A going, leavingB to go, to leaveC to go, leavingD going, to leave31 We have decided to ______ my uncle‟s tomorrow.A call onB call atC call forD call off32 ______ of my classmates is going to take part in the sports meeting.A Every oneB EveryoneC SomeoneD Nobody33 ---My mother is in hospital. I have to look after her this afternoon.---__________.A That‟s all rightB That‟s trueC I‟m sorry to hear thatD All right34 He said that light _______ much faster than sound.A traveledB travelC travelsD traveling35 It‟s cold outside. Y ou ______ put on more clothes.A had better toB had betterC would betterD would rather二完形填空(10分)A young lady who was on holiday in London walked into a __36__ to get some money which ___37___ there for her by post from the town where she lived. The clerk behind the counter __38____her, so he said,“What proof(证明)have you got that you are ___39____ the lady who should get ___40___ money?”The young lady looked ___41____ for a few minutes and said, “I don't think I __42___ any proof with me.”But then she suddenly looked happy again. She opened her bag, took an ID card ___43____ out of it and showed it to the clerk. “Here's something,” she said. The clerk looked at the photo ___44____ and then the young lady. Then he nodded his head and paid the money to her ___45_____ a word.36.A) shop B)store C)post office D)school37.A) had been sent B)had sent C)were sent D)would send38.A) knew B)knew little about C)had known D)didn't know39.A) not B)really C)like D)sure40.A) these B)those C)much D)this41.A) worrying B)to be worried C)worried D)being worried42.A) had brought B)was bringing C)brought D)have brought43.A) by herself B)for herself C)of herself D)from her44.A) carefully B)carelessly C)sadly D)angrily45.A) instead of saying B)no saying C)in spite of D)without saying三阅读理解AOne midnight, a little girl woke up to get water. She by herself got up and down her bed, walked to the bedroom door and opened it. She looked outside and walked back, for it was so dark in the hall that she feared.Her mother said, “Don‟t be afraid, honey. Take courage!”“What‟s courage?” she asked, running to her mother‟s bed.“Courage is the brave breath,” her mother answered.“Mum, do you have co urage?”“Certainly.”The girl held out her little hands, saying, “Mum, blow some of your breath of courage to me.” After her mother blew out two mouthfuls of breath into her little cold hands, the little girl clenched her fists(握拳) nervously, afraid that the “breath of courage”would run away. With her fists clenched, she walked out of the bedroom towards the bathroom .with nothing to fear. Her mother said to herself, “It will be nice if someone can blow some kind of …breath‟ to me. Then I can hold it in my hands too when I feel terrified or lost.”In fact, mostly, what we are terrified of is nothing but the fear in our mind. Who we should defeat(战胜) is nobody but ourselves.46. The girl walked back because __________.A. the bathroom was too far away.B. her mother wouldn‟t go with herC. she was too afraid of the darkD. the bedroom door was locked47. We learn from the reading that ___________.A. the girl went to the bathroom by herselfB. the girl pretended to be terrified of nothingC. the girl‟s mother was able to blow brave breathD. the girl‟s mother was very proud of herself48. To stop “mother‟s breath” from ru nning away, the girl __________.A. held out her little handsB. clenched her fistsC. talk to her motherD. held her own breath49. Which is the best title of the passage?A. The Fearless MotherB. One Lonely GirlC. One midnightD. The Breath of CourageBFood. Drink & RefreshmentRelax and unwind in our new state of the Loch Ness Eatery. Whether you are looking for a snack(零食) or a full meal we can provide almost anything to suit everyone. We will be ready for helping you at all times.Fresh Tea. Coffee, Hot Chocolate etc.Good choice of Home Baking and CakeHome Made Soup and Sandwiches.Sweets and Soft DrinksPac ked to aches for those who prefer a picnic.Seating for over 150 visitors.Tel: +44(0)456 450321Web: 50. The above reading is most probably __________.A. an advertisementB. a food reportC. a shopping listD. a menu51. At the loch Ness Eatery, visitors can ________.A. book comfortable roomB. have a picnicC. cook for themselvesD. get a good relaxation52. The reading also tells us _________.A. the prices of food and drinksB. the address of the EateryC. the name of the managerD. the way of getting in touch with the Eatery53. The Eatery provides almost everything to _________.A. to serve people for a long timeB. meet the needs of different visitorsC. let people take awayD. help people learn about peopleCHe was struggling(费劲) to tie his shoes. I was struggling with whether I should help him.I did, and he was grateful.“Thank you,” he said.“I‟m glad I could help. I just thought it would be easier for me to reach,” I said.He was a disabled man, and forced to look down most of the time. His arms and legs were twisted(扭曲的) terribly, and he couldn‟t’t do what the rest of us would consider easy tasks. He always managed to look up to see how you reacted(反应) to his words, however. He had a big smile, making me feel comfortable.I was still on my knees by his wheelchair.“Nice shoes,” he said.“Thanks. No one ever complimented me on them before,” I said.“No one has the same view of the world as I do,” he replied.“Tell me about the world as you see it,” I said smiling.“Most people can see if someone is comfortable with them or not in their eyes. I see it in their feet.” he said. “If people keep moving their feet, I just let them go, because I know they‟re impatient with me. I don‟t want to make people uncomfortable.“What about me? I asked.“I could see your compassion. And then you came down to my level. I was the one who was nervous.” he said. “I don‟t normally have someone look me in the eye.”“They don‟t know what they‟re missing,” I told him.“My old face is nothing to brag(自夸) about.”He said.“But that smile is so big.” Y es, a nd it‟s not only a big smile but an attitude.54. The disabled man knew people were impatient mostly by their _________.A. wordsB. eyesC. feetD. smile55. We learn that the disabled man _________.A. had great difficulty looking after himselfB. always asked people for helpC. couldn‟t have a big smileD. liked to talk about people‟s shoes56. The writer felt comfortable because _________.A. he had a nice talk to the manB. the man looked him in the eyeC. he didn‟t move his feet before the manD. the man had a big smile on the faceDA few years ago, there were no McDonald‟s hamburgers, no Kentucky Fried Chickens, no Wendy‟s. But now American fast-food stores are spring ing up in Taipei. McDonald‟s took the lead. It was followed by Kentucky Fried Chicken. And then Pizza Hut. Nobody knows what other fast-food companies may yet set up shops in Taiwan, China in the future.The rapid growth of American fast food is due not only to the American way of salesmanship, in a great measure, but to the fondness of the local people for this kind of American fast food. Y oung people especially take to it They think it fashionable to eat American fast food. Besides, some people think it delicious. Although fast food is highly priced, the stores are often crowded.The example of American fast-food restaurants also has some healthy effects upon local food providers. They begin to look at themselves and found out what they lack. At least, some of the local restaurants are starting to modernize themselves.57. Which of the following is true ?A Expensive though American fast food is, people in Taiwan like it very much.B American fast food is highly priced, so people in Taiwan refuse to buy it.C Though people in Taiwan don‟t like American fast food, they think it fashionable to eatD The local food providers in Taiwan pay no attention to American fast food.58. The underlined phrase “take to”in Paragraph 2 means “ _________”.A refuseB eatC buyD like59. Which was the second American fast-food store that appeared in Taipei ?A Kentucky Fried Chicken.B Wendy‟sC McDonald‟sD Pizza Hut60. What may be the reason for the quick growth of American fast food?A.The low price and the fondness of young people for it.B.The good salesmanship and the fact that many people like it.C.The Chinese people, perhaps, have a lot of money.D.There are quite a few American fast-food stores in Taiwan and some other Companies will set up their shops in the future.第Ⅱ卷主观题四英译汉61When I‟m lonely, he keeps me company.62From that day on, Miss Y ang was even stricter with me.63 With her fists clenched, she walked out of the bedroom towards the bathroom64 He had a big smile, making me feel comfortable.65 They think it fashionable to eat American fast food.五作文假如你是Alice, 请给你的朋友John写一封信描述你的英语老师以及在英语老师的帮助下学习英语的情况。
2010—2011学年度上学期期中考试高一英语试卷本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分满分150分考试时间:120分钟第I卷(选择题共115分)第一部分:听力(共两节。
满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分。
满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How did the woman get here?A.She flew hereB.She drove here.C.She walked here.2.What does the man mean?A.He wants to have more parties.B.He wants to have better parties.C.He wants to have a party as large as possible.3.What direction should the man take?A.Go straight.B.Turn left and then go straight to the stairs.C.Turn left after the stairs.4.What is the woman’s sister now?A.A teacher.B. A doctor.C. A nurse.5.What time will the woman go to visit Mr Little?A.At 8:00pmB.At 9:00pmC.At 11:00pm第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独自。
每段对话或独自后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独自前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2010-2023历年江苏省无锡市高三上学期期中考试生物试卷第1卷一.参考题库(共20题)1.下图是几种生物的分类图,关于①②③④三类生物各自共同特征的叙述不正确的是A.①中两个生物之间是寄生关系B.②中都是原核生物,以DNA为遗传物质C.③中都具细胞结构,且都有细胞壁D.④中生物都能利用无机物合成有机物2.图为发生在生物体细胞中的一系列生理过程示意图,①~⑥表示生理过程,A~E表示细胞结构。
请据图回答:(1)若该细胞为原核细胞,则图中不可能发生的过程是(填序号)。
若为果蝇体细胞,则细胞中合成mRNA的场所在(填字母)中(2分)。
(2)直接决定⑦中氨基酸种类和顺序的是。
在同一植物体的不同部位的细胞中,⑦的种类不同,根本原因是。
(3)若④为参与有氧呼吸第三阶段的酶,则④进入线粒体中体现了线粒体膜的结构特点是。
(4)科学家用差速离心法能够分离各种细胞结构。
分离动物细胞结构时必须首先破坏细胞膜,破坏细胞膜最常用、最简便的方法是(2分)。
3.下列各组物质中,由相同种类元素组成的是A.胆固醇、脂肪酸、脂肪酶B.淀粉、半乳糖、糖原C.氨基酸、核苷酸、丙酮酸D.性激素、生长激素、胰岛素4.下列物质或结构中含胸腺嘧啶“T”的是A.DNA聚合酶B.烟草花叶病毒C.ATPD.线粒体5.下列叙述中,能说明“核基因和染色体行为存在平行关系”的是A.非等位基因随非同源染色体的自由组合而组合B.基因发生突变而染色体没有发生变化C.二倍体生物形成配子时基因和染色体数目均减半D.Aa杂合子发生染色体缺失后,可能会表现出a基因的性状6.水是生命之源,在细胞中许多代谢活动都与水有密切关系,下图甲、乙、丙、丁分别表示与水有关的生理过程,请据图回答:(1)甲图中1、2、3共同构成,某小组完成该实验探究后,绘制如下曲线,该曲线说明。
(2)丙图中的化学反应称为,其中产生的H2O中的氢来自于,A1与A2结构上不同之处在于。
(3)发生乙、丁反应的膜状结构分别是、。
2010-2023历年河南省郑州外国语学校高一上学期期中考试历史卷第1卷一.参考题库(共10题)1.《德意志宪法》规定:帝国元首是“德意志皇帝”。
皇帝有权任命帝国首相和帝国官员;有权召集和解散联邦议会和帝国国会;有权签署和公布帝国法律并监督法律的实施;帝国军队由皇帝统帅,军官均由皇帝任命。
这表明德意志帝国具有A.民族主义色彩B.民主主义色彩C.专制主义色彩D.军国主义色彩2.明清时期君主专制的加强对中国社会发展的影响包括①有利于统一多民族国家的巩固和发展②压制了民主思想的发展 w.w. ^w.k.&s.5*u.c.#om高.考.资.源.网③压制了商品经济的发展④阻碍了资本主义萌芽的发展A.①②B.①②④C.②③④D.①②③④3.所有合法公民均可参加的大会是雅典实行直接民主制的具体体现,它每年要召开 40 次。
它能运行的最重要的前提是:A.雅典是城邦小国B.雅典高涨的参政热情C.国家发放参政补贴D.必须参政的法律强制4.下列措施中,使专制皇权不断得到加强的是w.w.^w.k.&s.5*u.c.#om高.考.资.源.网①三省六部制的建立②丞相制度的废除③清朝设置议政王大臣会议④清朝的军机处A.①②③④B.①②④C.②③D.②③④5.下图反映的是19世纪中英两国的重要国家机构,二者的最大区别在于A.决策形式不同B.人员选拔不同C.机构性质不同D.行政方式不同6.兴起于广西桂平的太平天国,先后颁布了《天朝田亩制度》和《资政新篇》,两部文献的共同特点是w.w.^w.k.&s.5*u.c.#om高.考.资.源.网A.试图在中国发展资本主义B.脱离了社会现实,是无法实现的空想C.反映了农民的理想追求D.不同程度受到西方宗教或是文化的影响7.有人说:“对于西方的挑战,中国的反应之所以迟钝,是由于中国社会在19世纪中叶面临很不寻常的历史环境。
内部事务万分火急,至于西方则可以暂缓二步。
”这里的“内部事务”主要是指A.太平天国运动B.满汉官僚的矛盾C.义和团运动D.洋务派与顽固派的矛盾8.西方法律大多继承了古罗马法。
操作系统期中试题答案华东师范大学软件学院2009-2010学年第二学期操作系统课程期中考试试题一、多项选择题(5‘x6=30',每题有一个或多个答案,答错不给分,少答按比例给分)1. 以下对于虚存调页(page replacement)策略,错误的是:CA. LRU不会发生Belady异常B. 最优策略不会发生Belady异常C. Belady异常就是随着页框(frame)个数增多,缺页率(page fault rate)必然增加D. 调页必须在内核态(kernel mode)下进行2. 当系统中的进程增多时,以下哪些(个)情况不可能出现(不考虑死锁):DA. CPU利用率增高B. CPU利用率降低C. 磁盘I/O增多D. 磁盘I/O减少3. 以下那些(个)操作会使得一个进程从运行(running)状态转换为就绪(ready)状态:A, B, DA. 在可占先(preemptive)系统中,高优先级进程被创建B. 分时系统中,时间片到C. 当前运行进程发生缺页中断D. 当前运行进程调用yield(),主动放弃使用CPU4. 对于死锁,以下哪些(个)描述是正确的:B, DA. 死锁避免(deadlock avoidance)中,不安全的状态必然发生死锁B. 死锁避免(deadlock avoidance)中,发生死锁必然处于不安全状态C. 资源分配图中有环(以资源类型和进程为节点),必然发生死锁D. 如果要求每个进程必须一次申请所有需要的资源,如果不能满足其要求,则不分配任何资源,那么死锁不可能发生5. 以下描述正确的是:B, CA. 中断处理程序(interrupt handler)是进程的一部分,在进程的地址空间运行B. 中断处理程序(interrupt handler)必须运行在内核态C. 微内核体系结构下,进程间通讯(inter-processing communication)必须在微内核内D. 分时(time sharing)的目的是提高CPU和I/O的并行度6. 关于线程,以下说法正确的是:A, B, CA. 用户态线程(无核心态线程或LWP)阻塞,可能会阻塞线程B. 多处理器环境下,线程间同步不能使用关中断实现C. 线程控制块中包含CPU寄存器状态D. 在支持核心态线程的系统中,CPU调度的单位仍然是进程二、(10')请说明:1. 进程创建时(如在类UNIX操作系统中,连续执行fork()和exec()系统调用),操作系统所需要进行那些工作,它们的代价如何(大,中,小)。
《 高等数学A 》期中考试试卷一、填空题(本题共8小题, 每题4分, 满分32分. 请把答案填写在题中横线上).1.2201lim sin x x x→= 0 .2. xx x x cos 1)1ln(lim 0-+→=2 .3. 若函数,0,e 0 ,2arcsin e 1)(2tan ⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧≤>-=x a x x x f x x在 x = 0 处连续, 则 a = -2 .4. 曲线 122+=x x y 的斜渐近线为1124y x =-.5. 设函数 y (x ) 由方程 e y + xy - e = 0 确定, 则d d x yx ==1e-.6.已知 f (x ) = ln(1 + 2x ), 则 f (n )(0) =1(1)2(1)!n n n ---.7. 函数 f (x ) = x sin x + cos x 在区间 [0, π/2] 上的最大值为 π/2 .8. xx y 4+=的凹区间为(0,)+∞.二、选择题(本题共8小题,每题4分,满分32分.请把唯一正确选项填在题后括号内).1.设 {a n }, {b n }, {c n } 均为非负数列, 且,lim ,1lim ,0lim ∞===∞→∞→∞→n n n n n n c b a 下列说法正确是( D ).(A) a n < b n , n ∈N + (B) b n < c n , n ∈N + (C) n n n c a ∞→lim 不存在 (D) n n n c b ∞→lim 不存在2.设函数 ,1e 1e )(11+-=xxx f 则 x = 0 是 f (x ) 的 ( B )(A) 可去间断点 (B) 跳跃间断点 (C) 第二类间断点 (D) 连续点3.设函数 f (x ) 在 x = a 的某邻域内有定义, 则 f (x ) 在 x = a 处可导的一个充分条件是 ( D ) .(A) )]()1([lim a f h a f h h -++∞→存在 (B) hh a f h a f h )()2(lim 0+-+→存在(C) h h a f h a f h 2)()(lim--+→存在 (D) hh a f a f h )()(lim 0--→存在4.设函数f (x ) 在 (-∞, +∞) 内连续, 其导函数的图形如图所示, 则f (x ) 有 ( C).(A) 一个极小值点和两个极大值点 (B) 两个极小值点和一个极大值点(C) 两个极小值点和两个极大值点 (D) 三个极小值点和一个极大值点5.设当x → 0 时, (1 - cos x )ln(1 + x 2) 是比 x sin x n 高阶的无穷小, 而 x sin x n 是比12-x e 高阶的无穷小, 则正整数 n 等于 ( B ).(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 6.设f (x ), g (x )是恒大于零的可导函数, 且 f '(x )g (x ) - f (x )g '(x ) < 0, 则当 a < x < b 时, ( A ).(A) f (x )g (b ) > f (b )g (x ) (B) f (x )g (a ) > f (a )g (x ) (C) f (x )g (x ) > f (b )g (b ) (D) f (x )g (x ) > f (a )g (a )7. 数列()()()222111211----n n n n +++在∞→n 时的极限为( C )(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 1/2 (D) 不存在8. 设函数()x f y =在1=x 处可导,且()()412lim000=--→x f h x f h h ,则()='0x f ( B )(A) 4- (B) 2- (C) 2 (D) 4姓名:学号:班级:三、计算题(本题共2小题,每题12分,满分24分.计算过程中请写出充分的演算步骤).1. 求极限 .e)(limxx xx -+→101 原式 =1ln(1)0elimx xx ex+→-1ln(1)1001ln(1)1(1)lim lim x xx x x e e x e x x+-→→+--==⋅ 20ln(1)lim x x xe x →+-=⋅0111lim 2x x e x→-+=⋅ 01lim2(1)2x x e e x x →-=⋅=-+或者原式 =1ln(1)0elimx xx ex+→-1ln(1)20(1)ln(1)(1)lim1x xx x x x e x x +→-++⋅+=1ln(1)2001(1)ln(1)lim limlim 1x xx x x x x x ex x +→→→-++=⋅⋅+01(ln(1)1)1lim 2x x e x →-++=⋅⋅00ln(1)1lim lim 222x x x x e e e x x →→-+-=⋅=⋅=-2. 设 , arctan )1ln(2⎩⎨⎧-=+=tt y t x 求 .d d 22x y(考查参数方程确定的函数的二阶导数, 参看P112第9(2))21211122t tt t dt dx dt dy x d y d =++-==, tt t t dx dt dx dy dt d x d y d 4121212222+=+⋅=⋅=)(四、证明题(本题满分12分. 证明过程中请写出必要的推理步骤和理论依据).设函数 f (x ) 具有二阶连续导数, 且 f (0) = 0, 试证⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=≠=0)0('0)()(x f x xx f x g 有一阶连续导数.证明: 首先 ),0()0()0()(lim )(lim)(lim 00g f xf x f x x f xg x x x ='=-==→→→说明 g (x ) 在 x = 0 处连续. 当 x ≠ 0 时, 2)()()(xx f x x f x g -'=' 当 x = 0 时, 2000)0()(lim )0()(lim )0()(lim )0(xf x x f x f x x f xg x g g x x x '-='-=-='++→→→ )0(212)0()(lim 0f x f x f x ''='-'=+→而200()()()1lim ()limlim (0)(0)22x x x f x x f x f x x g x f g x x →→→'''-''''====. 因此结论成立.第二题第8题,指数函数的指数部分为分式,求极限时一般都要考虑左右极限,且左右极限不等!!!!,1e 1e )(11+-=x xx f -∞=-→xx 1lim 0,0lim 10=-→xx e ,11e 1e lim 110-=+--→x xx +∞=+→x x 1lim 0,+∞=+→xx e 10lim ,1e 11e 11lim1e 1e lim x1x10110=+-=+-++→→x x xx。
学号 姓名 院(部) 专业 考试时间:2007年 月 日------------------------------------------------密--------------------封----------------------线-----------------------------------------------------------------物理系固体物理期中考试试题(2010-11-30)说明:答案一律写在答题纸上,本试题题目不上交,留作复习用。
注意答题纸上写明学号、班级、姓名 一. 简述题(每题10分,共20分)1.什么是杂化轨道,写出金刚石sp 3杂化的轨道波函数。
2.何为声子,谈谈你对声子的认识。
二. 填空题(每小题0.5分,共29分)1.(A )布拉伐格子为体心立方的晶体是A.钠B.金C.氯化钠D.金刚石2.(吧、)布拉伐格子为面心立方的晶体是A.镁B.铜C.石墨D.氯化铯 3.(D )布拉伐格子为简立方的晶体是A.镁B.铜C.石墨D.氯化铯4.(A )银晶体的布拉伐格子是A.面心立方B.体心立方C.底心立方D.简立方5.(A )金刚石的布拉伐格子是A.面心立方B.体心立方C.底心立方D.简立方6.(A )硅晶体的布拉伐格子是A.面心立方B.体心立方C.底心立方D.简立方7.(A )氯化钠晶体的布拉伐格子是A.面心立方B.体心立方C.底心立方D.简立方8.(D )氯化铯晶体的布拉伐格子是A.面心立方B.体心立方C.底心立方D.简立方9.(C )晶格振动的能量量子称为A.极化子B.激子C.声子D.光子10.(A )ZnS 晶体的布拉伐格子是A.面心立方B.体心立方C.底心立方D.简立方 11.(C )下列晶体的晶格为简单晶格的是A.硅B.冰C.银D.金刚石 12.(D )下列晶体的晶格为复式晶格的是A.钠B.金C.铜D.磷化镓13.(B )含有N 个初基原胞的铜晶体,晶格振动的声学波支数为A.0B.1C.2D.3 14.(C )晶格常数为a 的体心立方晶格,原胞体积Ω等于A.2a 3B.a 3C.a 3/2D.a 3/415.(D )晶格常数为的面心立方晶格,原胞体积Ω等于A.2a 3B.a 3C.a 3/2D.a 3/416.(B )晶格常数为的CsCl 晶体的原胞体积Ω等于A.2a 3B.a 3C.a 3/2D.a 3/417.(D )晶格常数为的NaCl 晶体的原胞体积Ω等于A.2a 3B.a 3C.a 3/2D.a 3/4 18.(D )晶格常数为的Cu 晶体的原胞体积Ω等于A.2a 3B.a 3C.a 3/2D.a 3/419.(C )晶格常数为的Na 晶体的原胞体积Ω等于A.2a 3B.a 3C.a 3/2D.a 3/4 20.(D )晶格常数为的Au 晶体的原胞体积Ω等于A.2a 3B.a 3C.a 3/2D.a 3/4 21.(D )晶格常数为的金刚石晶体的原胞体积Ω等于A.2a 3B.a 3C.a 3/2D.a 3/422.(D )晶格常数为的Cu 晶体的原胞体积Ω等于A.2a 3B.a 3C.a 3/2D.a 3/423.(A )含有N 个初基原胞的铜晶体,晶格振动的光学波支数为A.0B.1C.2D.324.(D )晶格常数为的Ge 晶体的原胞体积Ω等于A.2a 3B.a 3C.a 3/2D.a 3/425.(D )含有N 个初基原胞的铜晶体,晶格振动的总格波支数为A.0B.1C.2D.3 26.(A )晶体铜的配位数是A.12B.8C.6D.4 27.(B )金属钠晶体的配位数是A.12B.8C.6D.4 28.(D )金刚石的配位数是A.12B.8C.6D.429.(B )面心立方密集的致密度是A.0.76B.0.74C.0.68D.0.62 30.(C )体心立方密集的致密度是A.0.76B.0.74C.0.68D.0.62 31.(C )晶体的布拉伐格子共有几种?A.12B.13C.14D.15 32.(C )立方晶系的布拉伐格子共有几种?A.1B.2C.3D.4 33.(D )四方晶系的布拉伐格子共有几种?A.1B.2C.3D.4 34.(D )正交晶系的布拉伐格子共有几种?A.1B.2C.3D.435.(C )含有N 个初基原胞的铜晶体,不同的波矢总数为A.3NB.2NC.ND.N/2 36.(D )晶体共有几个晶系?A.4B.5C.6D.737.(C )不属于14种布拉伐格子的格子是A.面心立方B.体心立方C.底心立方D.简立方 38.(C )不属于14种布拉伐格子的格子是A.底心单斜B.体心四方C.底心四方D.简单四方 39.(C )不属于14种布拉伐格子的格子是A.体心四方B.体心立方C.面心四方D.面心立方 40.(B )不属于14种布拉伐格子的格子是A.简单三斜B.底心三斜C.简单单斜D.底心单斜 41.(D )不属于14种布拉伐格子的格子是A.底心正交B.底心单斜C.面心正交D.面心四方 42.(A )描述晶体宏观对称性的基本对称操作有A.8个B.48个C.230个D.320个 43.(D )晶体点群有A.230种B.320种C.48种D.32种44.(D )含有N 个初基原胞的金刚石晶体,晶格振动的声学波支数为A.0B.1C.2D.345.(B )有N 个初基原胞的二维简单正方形晶格,晶体中的声子有多少种可能的量子态A.NB.2NC.N/2D.N246.(D )对于体积为V 的NaCl 晶体,设原胞体积为Ω,则该晶体包含的晶格振动总模式数为A.V/ΩB.2V/ΩC.4V/ΩD.6V/Ω 47.(C )晶体没有下列哪一种对称轴A.3度对称轴B.4度对称轴C.5度对称轴D.6度对称轴 48.(D )晶格常数为的一维单原子链,倒格子基矢的大小为A. B. C. D. 49.(D )晶格常数为的一维双原子链,倒格子基矢的大小为A.B.C.D.50.(A )对于一维单原子链晶格振动的频带宽度,若最近邻原子之间的力常数β增大为4β,则晶格振动的频带宽度变为原来的A.2倍B.4倍C.16倍D.不变51.(A )一个二维简单正交晶格的倒格子原胞的形状是A.长方形B.正六边形C.圆D.圆球 52.(B )体心立方的倒格子是A.二维正方形B.面心立方C.体心立方D.简立方 53.(C )面心立方的倒格子是A.二维正方形B.面心立方C.体心立方D.简立方54.(A )三维晶格的原胞体积与倒格子的原胞体积之积等于A.(2π)3B.(2π)2C.(2π)1D.(2π)55.(A )若简立方晶格的晶格常数增大一倍,则简约布里渊区的体积变为A.1/2倍B.1/8倍C.2倍D.8倍 56.(A )由N 个原子组成的一维单原子链,简约布里渊区中的分立波矢取值有A.N 个B.2N 个C.N/2个D.N2个 57.(B )有N 个初基原胞的二维简单正方形晶格,简约布里渊区中的分立波矢状态有A.N 种B.2N 种C.N/2种D.N2种 58.(C )N 个基元构成的钠晶体,其相邻两原子之间的相互作用能为u ,只计最近邻相互作用,则钠晶体总的相互作用能U 为A.Nu ,B.2Nu ,C.4Nu ,D.8Nu三、计算证明题(做前三题,每题17分,共51分。
KEYII. Multiple Choice (10%)1. ( A )2. ( B )3. ( D )4. ( A )5. ( B )6. ( C )7. ( C )8. ( A )9. ( A ) 10. ( D )IV. Proofreading (10%)Hitler and his men killed over five million people because they wereJewish or were not their definition of "normal." The Ku Klux Klanexists today and openly professes its hatred towards Jews and color [1]__colored people. Our society is riddled with such hatred based upon peoples'beliefs and origins and it seems millions are fighting each other in no [2]___forrelevant reason at all. I do believe that we can greatly reduce the amountof prejudice in our world today, yet I do not think that it will evercompletely go away. The society has seemingly come to accept all races, [3]_ The religions, and genders, and supposedly has achieved political correctness,yet there will forever be individuals who discriminated based upon these [4]discriminate issues. These individuals often form large groups that recruit new membersto enforce their hatred of those with∧certain religion or skin tone. [5]_____a_ Obviously, no one can tell these people that they cannot have theirown opinions or beliefs, for they have the right to hate whom they like. [6]_whomever However, I believe we need to raise our children to accept all people, nomatter∧god they do or do not believe in or what color skin they may [7]___ whathave. If children are raised around people who are not the same as theyare, then they will most likely not think anything different from people [8]____ofwho do not look the same as them or believe what they believe. If weraise our children to believe all people are equal to the start, then [9]___from prejudice will slowly disintegrate over time. We, as the human race,need to focus on not judging people before we know them∧ who they are. [10]__forToday, there are so many different people in this world that stereotypesare almost always incorrect, as many people choose not to be followers,but to be individuals.V. Translate the underlined parts in the following into English (15%)探索完美凡是已形成了自己品味,并能欣赏和领会名家风范的人,已经在学习上取得了长足的进步。
因为,只要意识到能真正欣赏大师的杰作,内心的自豪感便油然而生,心灵为之而打动,仿佛那仰慕已久的名作出于自己之手。
(1)我们的心灵在同我们乐于效颦的大师手笔的接触中,时常激动不已,毫无疑问,我们将捕捉到一些他们的思维方式,哪怕他们艺术的些许火花和光芒都将在我们胸中闪烁。
(2)自然而然地为周围熟悉的人的神情和举止所潜移默化,这种孩提时的天性始终不变;只不过稍稍不同的是,年少时心智自然比较灵活,便于模仿,待成年时已变得刻板,非经温暖和感动不会留下一个深刻的印象。
照此看来,我们应习惯于对完美的探索,你们通过自己的思索将更深地理解其重要性。
(3)这远非满足于使之仅为年轻时代的准则,即使在生命最后一息,也应一直不断地同这些真正伟大的作品进行沟通和交流。
大师的创作不仅是我们幼年时的食粮,更是我们风华正茂时的精神支柱。
… …VI. Translate the underlined parts in the following into Chinese (15%)Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something, they are connected witheach other and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; (1)the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times. Books influence each other; they link the past, the present and the future and have their own generations, like families. Wherever you start reading you connect yourself with one of the families of ideas, and in the long run, you not only find out about the world and the people in it; you find out about yourself, too.(2)Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you you “ought” to read, you probably won’t have fun.But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time---and(3)if you become, as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you won’t have suffered during the process.VII. Reading Comprehension (30%)1. B2. 1.B 2.C3.A4.C5.A6.C3. 1. The trip is unpleasant and difficult because of the muddy and slippery road.2. fading—losing color and brightness; disappearing gradually“Fading structures” suggest that the buildings are in bad repair and become fewer and fewer in number.Decaying—declining in prosperity, wasting away“Decaying city” suggests that the city lacks vitality to the extent of collapsing.Together they help to create a bleak picture of the city.3. Introducing a clause expressing the cause of the consolation.4. Refer to Para. 4: less pollution, more security, lower crime rate, more healthy way of life,closer human relationshipsRefer to Para. 10: international tension eased off, war less likely5. The car made it possible for the city to sprawl out and develop its suburbs; the mobility thecar provided made it possible for people to live in the suburbs; with the disappearance of the car, the once-prosperous suburbs are declining.6. While Americans are forced to eat less, people in the rest of the world are simply starving.7. No, he is not totally pessimistic. The article appeared in a 1977 issue of Time magazine, andwhat is described is supposed to happen in1997. In the last sentence the author says “If we had started 20 years age, that might have been another matter.” This means that if measures had been taken in 1977, when the article was published, human beings could well be saved from the disaster caused by the exhaustion of energy resources. So the author still sees a ray of hope.。