Monte Carlo simulations of the four-dimensional XY spin glass at low temperatures
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arXiv:cond-mat/0108320v3 [cond-mat.dis-nn] 17 May 2002MonteCarlosimulationsofthefour-dimensionalXYspinglassatlowtemperaturesHelmutG.Katzgraber∗andA.P.Young†DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,California95064(Dated:February1,2008)
Wereportontheresultsforsimulationsofthefour-dimensionalXYspinglassusingtheparalleltemperingMonteCarlomethodatlowtemperaturesformoderatesizes.Ourresultsarequali-tativelyconsistentwithearlierworkonthethree-dimensionalgaugeglassaswellasthree-andfour-dimensionalEdwards-AndersonIsingspinglass.Anextrapolationofourresultswouldindicatethatlarge-scaleexcitationscostonlyafiniteamountofenergyinthethermodynamiclimit.Thesurfaceoftheseexcitationsmaybefractal,althoughwecannotruleoutascenariocompatiblewithreplicasymmetrybreakinginwhichthesurfaceoflow-energylarge-scaleexcitationsisspacefilling.
PACSnumbers:75.50.Lk,75.40.Mg,05.50.+q
I.INTRODUCTIONTherehasbeenanongoingcontroversyregardingthespin-glassphase.Therearetwomaintheories:the“dropletpicture”(DP)byFisherandHuse1andthereplicasymmetrybreakingpicture(RSB)byParisi.2,3
WhileRSBfollowstheexactsolutionoftheSherrington-Kirkpatrickmodelandpredictsthatexcitationswhichinvolveafinitefractionofthespinscostafiniteenergyinthethermodynamiclimit,thedropletpicturestatesthataclusterofspinsofsizelcostsanenergypropor-tionaltolθ,whereθispositive.Itfollowsthatinthethermodynamiclimit,excitationsthatflipafiniteclus-terofspinscostaninfiniteenergy.Inaddition,theDPstatesthattheseexcitationsarefractalwithafractaldi-mensiondsinRSBtheseexcitationsarespacefilling,4i.e.,ds=d.KrzakalaandMartin,5aswellasPalassiniandYoung6(referredtoasKMPY)found,onthebasisofnumericalresultsonsmallsystemswithIsingsymmetry,thatanintermediatepicturemaybepresent:whilethesurfaceoflarge-scaleexcitationsappearstobefractal,onlyafiniteamountofenergyisneededtoexcitetheminthethermodynamiclimit.Inthecontextoftheirwork,itisnecessarytointroducetwoexponents,θandθ′,whereLθisthetypicalenergyforanexcitationinducedbyachangeinboundaryconditionsinasystemoflinearsizeL,andLθ′describestheenergyofthermallyexcitedsystem-sizeclusters.Subsequently,similarresultswerefoundforthethree-dimensionalgaugeglass,7whichhasacontinuoussymmetrybutisknowntohaveafiniteTc.ThedifferencesbetweenDPandRSBcanbequan-tifiedbystudyingthedistribution4,8,9,10,11P(q)ofthespinoverlapqdefinedinEq.(4)below.Forfinitesys-tems,theDPpredictstwopeaksat±qEA,whereqEAistheEdwards-Andersonorderparameter,aswellasataildowntoq=0thatvanishesinthethermodynamiclimitlike12,13∼L−θ.Onthecontrary,RSBpredictsanon-trivialdistributionwithafiniteweightinthetaildowntoq=0,independentofsystemsize.Earlierworkthatstudiedthenatureofthespin-glassstatehasfocusedontheIsingspinglass,4,5,6,8thoughsomeworkhasalsobeencarriedoutonthegaugeglass
modelofthevortexglasstransitioninsuperconductors.7Here,weconsideravectorspin-glassmodel,thefour-dimensionalXYspinglass,whichisknowntohaveafinitetransitiontemperature14TcwithTc≃0.95.WeperformMonteCarlosimulationsforamodestrangeofsizesdowntolowtemperatures(T≃0.2Tc)usingtheparalleltemperingMonteCarlo15,16technique.OurmainresultisthatthatP(0)doesnotappeartodecreasewithincreasingsystemsizefortherangeofsizesstudied.Wealsolookforinformationonthesurfaceofthelarge-scalelow-energyexcitationsbystudyingthe“linkover-lap”definedinEq.(13)below.Thedataforthisquan-titysuggeststhatthesurfacemaybespacefilling,i.e.,ds=d,asinRSB,thoughthesmallrangeofsizespre-cludesusfrommakingafirmstatementonthisandascenariocompatiblewiththeDPisalsoviableinwhichdsThelayoutofthepaperisasfollows:InSec.IIwedescribethemodelandthemeasuredobservables.WediscussourequilibrationtestsfortheparalleltemperingMonteCarlomethodforthisspecificmodelinSec.III.OurresultsarediscussedinSec.IV.SectionVsumma-rizesourconclusionsandpresentsideasforfuturework.
II.MODELANDOBSERVABLESTheXYspinglassconsistsoftwo-componentspinsofunitlengthonahypercubiclatticeinfourdimensionswithperiodicboundaryconditions.TheHamiltonianisgivenby
H=−i,jJijSi·Sj,(1)
wherethesumisovernearestneighbors,thelinearsizeisL,thenumberofspinsisN=L4,andSi≡(Sxi,Syi)isanXYspin.Since|Si|=1,onecanparametrizethespinsasSi=[cos(φi),sin(φi)]withφi∈[0,2π].TheHamiltonianthentransformsto
H=−i,jJijcos(φi−φj).(2)