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各种从句考试重点：•名词性从句的用法•定语从句的用法•状语从句的用法句子类型：•简单句如果一个句子只包含一个主谓结构，而句子各个成分都只用单词或短语表示。
For example:*I live in the country．(S +V + Adv.) 我住在乡下。
*The teachers and students cheered the news．( S + V + O)师生们为此消息欢呼起来。
*He put a finger in his mouth，tasted it and smiled.他把一根手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了。
简单句主要由五种基本句型构成，千千万万的句子变化可以看作是这五种基本句型的扩展、省略、组合和倒装。
●句型一主 + 谓 (S +Ｖ)*He runs in the park.他在公园里跑步。
*He got up early in order to catch the first bus．他起床很旱以便赶上头班公共汽车。
*He arrived after the class began.开始上课了，他才到。
●句型二：主 + 系动词 + 表（S＋Link V + P）* The students are on the playground.学生们在操场上。
* He is very disappointed．他非常失望。
* The idea sounds great.她今天感觉不舒服。
* His face goes red.他的脸变红了。
* It grew dark．天变黑了。
●基本句型三：主 + 谓 + 宾语（Ｓ＋Ｖ＋Ｏ）*You've already missed too many classes this term．你缺课太多了*They had fulfilled their yearly plan by the end of November．在11月底前他们就已经完成了全年计划。
定语从句：1.按照句子结构分：简单句、并列句、复合句2.复合句：由一个主句加上一个或多个从句构成的句子。
3.定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
①定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。
如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。
)②语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,关系词两个作用（1）连接主从句（2）关系词在定语从句中充当一定成分。
其中that、which、who、whom称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。
③关系代词或关系副词的作用：1．关系代词who、that、whom指人,在从句中作主语（who、that）不可省。
宾语（who、that、whom），作从句宾语时可省略。
He is the thief(that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days.(这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。
)2．关系代词which、that指物。
它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
作从句宾语时可以省略。
Please find a room (which ) we can live in. (请找一间我们能住的房间。
)注：若有介词在关系词之前指人只用whom；指物只能用which .如：to whom ;from which3．关系代词whose作定语，表示所属关系。
后名词属于先行词。
The man whose son is in our class is a famous artist.4.关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。
如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.(这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。
句子结构、成分、名词性从句一：句子基本成分：造句：1、你的电脑昨晚崩溃了。
2、与我们传统文化相比，有些人更喜欢西方文化。
3、你，我们的经理，有责任让谈话保持下去。
4、为了把这件事情做好，你可以寻找一些有帮助的人。
5、我听见她正在和一位在化学上很有经验的教授在交谈。
总结：主语（subject）：谓语（Verb）：宾语（Object）：定语（Attribute）：宾语补足语（Complement object）：表语：（predicative）：状语（Adverbial）：同位语：（Appositive）：二：句子结构主语状语从句并列连词语法填空（1）You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you。
（2）Mike was usually so careful，this time he made a small mistake。
（3）At school，some students are active some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another。
（4）---Someone wants you on the phone。
--- nobody knows I am here。
（6）Go along the street，_______ you'll find the shop．（7）The weather was very cold，_______ many people were ill．（8）People think we look the same，_______ I can see that we're different．（9）I know him _______ I can't remember his name．（10）You may go with him _______ stay at home．（11）Let's take the stone away，_______ there may be an accident．（12）The shop was quite new，_______ it had opened only the week before．（13）My glasses were broken，_______ I need a new pair．三、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句总结complex sentence noun clause (名词性从句)（复合句）attributive clause （定语从句）adverbial clause （状语从句）名词性从句1.概念:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句.名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句可分为主语从句subject clause名词性从句宾语从句object clausenoun clause 表语从句predicative clause同位语从句appositive clause一、主语从句Subject Clauses1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1). That he will succeed is certain . 他会成功是肯定的2) Whether he will go there is not known .是否他去那儿还不知道3) What he said is not true . 他说的话不是真的4) Whoever comes is welcome.无论谁来都是受欢迎.2.引导词:1）从属连词: that, whether2）疑问代词: what, which, who, whom, whose3）疑问副词: when, where, why, how4）复合关系代词: whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever考点一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:1）.That we shall be late is certain.-- It‟s certain that we shall be late.2）. That the earth is round is known to all.--It‟s known to all that the earth is round.It 的用法：（形式主语）考点二：主谓一致1. What we used to think impossible now does seem possible. （2006天津）A.isB.wasC.has beenD.will be2. Most of what has been said about the Smiths ______also true of the Johnsons.（2006安徽）A．are B．is C．being D．to be3.When and where the meeting will begin _____(have) not been decided yet .4. When they will start and where they will go ____(have) not been decided yet .总结归纳：1.一个主语从句做主语，谓语动词用单数；2.由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数;3如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；4.What引导的主语从句可根据其表语确定单数或复数意义。
名词性从句一名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
1．主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。
(1)不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略,有时为了保持句子平衡, that从句后置, 而由it作形式主语。
其他类似句型还有：It + be +important/ necessary/ obvious + that 从句It + be +reported/believed/thought/has been decided + that从句It + be +a pity/a shame/a fact/a surprise/ common knowledge+ that从句It + happens/occurs/seems/appears + that 从句That the driver could not control his war was obvious.It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.(2)if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether Whether he left (or not) is unknown(3)当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数What we need is more time and money.What we need are many more books.2.表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。
其基本结构为: 主语 + 系动词 + that从句。
The trouble is that we are short of money.Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.3.宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。
(1)宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外The teacher told us that the earth moves aroundthe sun(2)连词whether和 if可以互换，但注意下列情况连词后紧跟or not时用whether I want to knowwhether or not they will come. 作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句He wasinterested in whether he saw her there. 连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whether Hedoesn’t know whether to stay or not. 如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导I care ifhe will not attend the meeting.(3)当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause,that不可省略I think it certain that she will do well inher exam.(4)当主语是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五个动词时，用否定转移I don’t think he will win the game, will he?(5)that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或 but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词that He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry.(6)注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句I don’t know if he will come.If he comes, I’ll let you know.注意：beg, insist, desire, command, order, suggest, advise, demand, require, request等动词如果后面加上宾语从句的话, 从句谓语部分必须用should do。
专题八名词性从句词性从句，不难理解，通俗点说就是一个句子（从句）在另一个句子（主句）中做主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，相当于名词的用法。
名词性从句根据在句子中所做的成分又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
句子的分类四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头。
这个词是什么性质，要看它在从句中作的成分，如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话，这个词就是连接代词；如果作的是各种状语，就叫连接副词；如果不作任何成分，就叫连接词。
一、主语从句1. 主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词、连接副词等连接。
that：That he is still alive is a wonder．他还活着，真是奇迹。
That we shall be late is certain．我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。
whether：Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen．是否对我们有害还要看一看。
Whether they would support us was a problem．他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
连接代词：Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet．两强相争勇者胜。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize．无论（你们）谁先到都可以得奖。
What we need is money．我们需要的是钱。
连接副词：When we arrive doesn’t matter．什么时候到没有关系。
How this happended is not clear to anyone．这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
How many people we are to invite is still a question．邀请多少人还是一个问题。
