英语复习Part1 Vocabulary A（近义词）
Labeled = identified
Acquire = obtain
withdraw = take back
assault = attack
deprived = impoverished
in accustomed to=feels at home with accused of = charged with
survive = come through
abandon = quit
determined = resolute
grieves = upsets
sentimental = emotional particular = special
sorely = greatly
deteriorated = degenerated outwardly = seemingly
evident = distinct
every once in a while = at times impact = effect
think of = imagine independent = free effective = useful
as long as = only if reflection = indication constantly = continuously profession = occupation durable = lasting
defy = disobey
granted = given monopolized = controlled stretch = enlarge
extra = spare represents = symbolizes lower = drop
admit = confess account for = lead to
violating = breaking Sharply = harshly displeased = disappointed puzzles = confuses
tricks = jokes
hurdle = obstacle Incinerate = burn
filters = removes
clinging = holding
fast practicable = possible tedious = boring
stains = dirty marks indispensable = necessary groomed = trained dissension = disagreement complacent = self-contented propriety=correct behavior spiteful = vicious indefinable = hard-to-express ruffled = made rough contingent = group patronized = frequented eccentricity = strange behavior anonymous = nameless
pool = a billiard game
victims = deaths
shred = ray
affluent = well-off
sensation = feeling
clouded = made unclear innocence = being not guilty shootout = crossfire
marked = celebrated clustered = gathered safeguard = protect
soothe = make…comfortable sore = painful
viral = virus-caused throbbing = painful
species = breed of animal prolong = lengthen prescribe = give…as a treatment potent = strong
emerging = coning out
impoverished = poor
Perish = die
appreciable = perceptible violation = infringement utilize = use
alleviated = relieved Indiscriminately = unselectively modify = alter
adequate = sufficient advocate = support
accede = agree to
access = admittance exclusively = only acquiescing = submitting prone = inclined
Plotted = charted
ominous = menacing restricted = limited conspiring = intriguing promoted = advocated buzz = excitement drafted = chosen embrace = welcome punch = strong effect cajole = persuading scrubbed = canceled soliciting = asking for decried = condemned Intriguing = interesting marveled = admired complacent = conceited congregate = gather destined = bound vanished = disappeared accelerated = quickened fare = diet
chaos = disorder Belittle = underrate permanent = lasting radical = complete
Part2 Vocabulary B（选择题）
1.Their frugal life style along with funds from…………
2.As I have suggested, the corrections ……..made in the pursuit of
optimal relevance.
3.You know e-mail has gone mainstream when Uncle Sam is…….
4.The film was popular with …….,but was not a(an) financial success.
5.Though several months after the terrorist attack, her mind still
conjures up a blurred…….
6.--What if it rains tomorrow?—We’ll ………
7.Her success was secured by two factors.In the first place,she
had …….
8.It’s up to the travel companies to warn customers…..
9.Everyone uses cafeteria, from the managing director down to the
office boy.
10.Both teams are on good form. Which should make for a great game.
11.During the meeting , she……..and slipped a note into my hand.
12.He soon to know the young kids…..,polishing shoes or running
errands.
13.We had to edge sideways along with our arms outstretched
against……
14.We had an unspoken agreement not to……..
15.The night before the trip ,we sisters stayed up late…..
16.Left to themselves,………..aggressive as time goes by.
17.What they write can also make a difference to the way………….
18.When he reached twelve his father cut short his education
and ………………
19.Some had been finding work a strain and early retirement ……
20.By now the railway had reached ………to travel all the way to Jibuti by
train.
21.Dozens of scientific groups all over ………………….of a practical and
economic……
22.When we finally managed to get home after the tiring …….
23.My students found the book enlightening: it provided them with
an ………………
24.Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage annually.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/9d10436280.html,nguage, culture, and personality may be considered independently
of each…….
26.None of the servants were available when Mr smith …….
27.My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very particular about
the food …
28.Important people don’t often……..work takes up all their time.
29.It is well known that knowledge is …..expansion of mind.
30.All particulars should be carefully checked. Nothing should be taken
for granted.
31.After a few rounds of talks, both…….territory dispute to be settled.
32.Mr Morgan can be very sad in private,though……extremely
cheerful.
33.It suddenly occurred to Anne that…….Bob had suffered in the past
five years.
34.Many Europeans explored the continent of Africa in the 19th century.
35.Some people would like to do ,,,,,,,,expect to pick up wonderful
bargains in the market.
36.Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms.
37.The papers arrived but were misplaced in the mailroom.
38.It seemed impossible that he would escape detection in the
examination.
39.I shall have a companion in the house after all those lonely days.
40.His friends thought he was crazy when he told them ,,,,,,entire
vacation exploring a cave.
41.Her ex-husband has access to the once a month.
42.The company aims to extract maximum profit from the
newly-developed product.
43.This can purify molecules ranging from a few milligrams……….
44.The teller watched the customer stuffing the ………,sealing it and then
writing on the front
45.She is very sensitive to her weight, so try not to talk any heavy things
in front of her.
46.That is a long distance, so if you go there on foot………..shoes is a
must.
47.We know that is a well-known student-led movement.
48.The robber grabbed his victim at the throat and choked her to death.
49.The F1 winner shook the bottle violently and then sprayed
champagne from the bottle.
50.He was busy all day long, but mostly it was much ado about nothing.
51.The school authorities will ensure that timely proper action is taken to
solve the problem.
52.I think that a forward vision combined with a unique ability to
manage risk is the ……
53.On that occasion the demonstrators will march in procession through
the town.
54.Naturally such visits can allow only the most superficial
understanding of the prison life.
55.It was similar to an indoor meeting because the stadium is compact,
with the………
56.A coal fire adds to the attraction of a winter indoors.
57.He was tired and completely ill at ease with the continuous discussion
of the matter.
58.His speech was careful and distinct but his words seemed to make no
sense.
59.This was leaked to the media ,which began to clamor for stricter
control.
60.She was shocked into action by the desperate situation in the slum.
61.He interviewed each senior manager on his perception of the
company…….
62.She was kidnapped and physically assaulted at gunpoint.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/9d10436280.html,ernment posters from the 1930s branded marijuana a“killer
drug.”
64.When the water in the pond was drained out, swimmers were all
muddied with the …….
65.The global warming was seen by some people as divine retribution.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/9d10436280.html,cators call for more concerns about the mental health of young
people.
67.We spent two nights in the mountains running out of food, … things
turned out all right.
68.The 34-year-old professor was said to be labored to death after years
of overworking.
69.The housing prices have been on the rise for ten years with the
constant economic ……..
70.The average salary of skillful technicians has leapt to10,000 yuan
from 1,000 yuan ……..
71.If you have a small amount of leftover fruits,………..
72.An unsuccessful welfare system helps to perpetuate failure and
poverty.
73.He contracted the disease through an insect bite.
74.Some researchers say that yawning is contagious and passes……….
75.Buying all those computers was a costly mistake…………
76.These cells form part of the immune system and help to prevent………
77.The local government is determined to take measures to reduce…….
78.Many recipes in their restaurant can be easily adapted to suit
vegetarians.
79.It’s ironic that professional athletes are often ……….
80.The dog is trained to guide the visually impaired people………….
81.We’ve succeeded in isolating the gene ……….
82.The greatest challenge is strengthening ……….long been susceptible
to bribery….
83.We’ve incorporated many environmentally-friendly
features……………
84.The tribe has lived for generations in the inhospitable mountain
regions………..
85.This can have devastating consequences, and may cause……………
86.Medicaid is a state-administered program for…………funded by the
federal government.
87.The plant is sensitive to alkaline conditions …………withstands higher
temperatures.
88.The military government is refusing to transfer power to………
89.Insert the correct coins ,then select ……….,
90.He supposes that technological progress will eliminate the
problem…………..
91.Einstein, who worked out his theory ………ripe old age.
92.The boy doesn’t even know that angles……………..called acute
angles.
93.A significant proportion of the elderly are dependent ………………..
94.It’s quite common for the elderly to treat ……….fond indulgence.
95.The fact that none of the neighbors…………….baffled the authorities.
96.His poems epitomize the feelings of the generation…..
97.Because journalists don’t think the congressman constitutes much
of………
98.Researchers at the university of san Francisco ……..grant for research
on lung cancer.
99.Even the most primitive computer can outstrip the human…………….. 100.The patients studied were seen………..beginning of symptoms. 101.Witnesses say the jet crashed shortly after takeoff.
102.This gives the company a competitive advantage over its rivals. 103.Can I have your initial, Mr Davies ?___it’s G Mr G Davies. 104.I’d like a cheeseburger and a regular coke.
105.Fezza, the clothes designer, launched his first collection in 1980. 106.He held onto the na?v e belief that this theory………….
107.It is a magnet for tourists, experienced boaters and amateurs alike.
108.The fact that he’s breathing ………….a positive sign.
109.And if you fail to spot these, a quick…………………bookshelf gives it in.
110.After proper consultation and correction………………..set out to………..
111.Dark figure emerged from the building………………..
112.But all these ideas mean a huge loss of revenue to the treasury……………
113.Plastic bottles can be recycled into clothing.
114.Mr casey regrets that he will have to decline your kind……….. 115.Between 1820 and 1920 some 35 million immigrants reached……….
116.A poll of 700 female registered voters ……………
117.Several hundred people contributed articles, photographs…….. 118.Woolf’s writing was completely original ----nothing like………….
119.Coconut is basic ingredient for many curries and ……………. 120.It’s difficult for someone……………….the transition to television.
Part3 Cloze test（完形填空）
一．Every year Forbes magazine prints “The Forbes Four Hundred”,
a list of the richest individuals in the United States. ……
答案：
1-5 CBDAA 6-10 BCDBB
11-15 CADBC 16-20 DABCC
二．Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. ……
答案：
1-5 BADAC 6-10 BDCCB
11-15 BADCB 16-20 ACDCB
三．Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. ……
答案：
1-5 DBCBD 6-10 ACBDC
11-15 ACDBB 16-20 ADCDB
四．People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested. ……
答案：
1-5 BACDA 6-10 DBBBD
11-15 ACDAB 16-20 AADBC
五．In primitive societies sick people had to rely on medicine men and witch doctors. ……
答案：
1-5 CBADB 6-10 CAACB
11-15 AACBB 16-20 CADDD
六．The family is usually the most important source of psychological support for a cancer patient.
答案：
1-5 BADCC 6-10 ABCBD
11-15 CDABB 16-20 DDCCA
七．What causes school killings? ...…
答案：
1-5 ABCDB 6-10 AAAAC
11-15 ABDAA 16-20 CDBBC
八．When Wu Yu found she had a sore throat, she thought in was the early symptom of a cold. ......
答案：
1-5 ABDAB 6-10 DCABD
11-15 CAADD 16-20 CBBAD
九．Worldwide, almost 99% of the human food supply is plant species and 8 livestock species, small numbers when compared with the estimate 10-30 million species inhabiting our biosphere. ......
答案：
1-5 BCACD 6-10 ABDBC
11-15 ABDAB 16-20 DCACA
十．The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. ......
答案：
1-5 BCDAA 6-10 BACDC
11-15 CABCA 16-20 CBDAB
十一．A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. ......
答案：
1-5 DCCAB 6-10 DCDDA
11-15 CBCDA 16-20 BDCDB
十二．Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families. ......
答案：
1-5 CDCBA 6-10 DCBAD
11-15 CBBAB 16-20 CCABD
课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness 1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it." 1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击,没人想找上这些事儿。但出人意料的是,很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生,但因为它我变得更完美了。” 2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved. 2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事,可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理,这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中,人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出?积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上,大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。
Unit1 academia 学术界acumen 敏锐due 应给的，欠下的ambiguous 不明确的ambiguity 不明确brink 始发点；边缘collaborative 协作的，合作的collaborator 合作者，协作者contributor 投稿人，撰稿人conviction 坚定的信仰或主张expertise 专门知识，专门技能foster 培养，促进，助长headhunter 猎头lone wolf 自行其是的人，好独处的人mindset 思维定式mitigate 缓和，减轻mobilize 争取支持，动用资源newbie 新手，网络新用户outshine 优于…,使…黯然失perception 看法，认识prioritize 使…优先prospective 预期的，未来的，可能的scary 可怕的studied 经过深思熟虑的teamwork 合作，协作，配合transition 过渡，转变act on 按…行事count on 指望in pursuit of 追求，寻求make up 编造（说法、解释）pep talk 鼓舞士气的讲话place a bet 下赌注put one’s neck on the line 冒险stick one’s neck out 说冒险的话stand out 突出；显眼adherence 坚守，信守affirm 肯定，强化autonomy 自主能力blockhead 笨蛋，蠢人brief 案情摘要，案情简介civility 礼貌，客气cost effective 低成本高利润的cut-rate 减价销售cynical 愤世嫉俗的dealing 商业活动，商业往来discource 谈话，交谈eminent 著名的，有名望的unit2 aftertaste 余味apportion 分配，分摊apprentice 学徒broth 肉汤，米汤，菜汤ceramic 陶瓷的chili pepper 辣椒粉chrysanthemum 菊（花）collective 集体的，共同的commemorate 纪念，庆祝culinary 烹饪的drainage 排水，排污dynasty 朝，代eccentric 怪异的，古怪的exquisite 精致的facet 一个方面fare 食物ferment 使…发酵filling 馅fragrance 香味garnish 装饰菜ginger 姜glutinous 很黏的greasy 多脂的，沾油脂的harmonious 和睦的，融洽的humility 谦逊，谦恭improvise 即兴表演，即席而作light 味清淡的;浓度低的；易消化的lingering 经久不消的literally 逐字地；照着原文longevity 长寿maw 动物的嘴precept 戒律，准则reed 芦苇reign 统治时期renowned 著名的scallop 扇贝seniority 年长，职位高specialty 特色菜stew 炖，焖
Part VI Translation (10 points) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answ et Sheet. Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the suff erer. He soon finds himself alone and miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as t o seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don't feel happy, pretend to be! It works. Befor e long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover h ow deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will. Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends. Part VII Writing (15 points) Directions: Write a composition of at least 150 words about the topic: The possibility of us ing the mobile phone to study English (or any other subject). You should write according t o the outline given below: 1.我认为手机（不）可以用来学习英语或其他知识。 2.理由是…… 3.结论
翻译 复习加油了！范围及条件调整1、2、4、6。1单元长度为7行左右，2、4、6单元4—5行，文体不限。好运！ 一、A Working Community 11、Not all the neighborhoods are empty, nor is every workplace a friendly playground. Most of us have had mixed experiences in these environments. Yet as one woman told me recently, she knows more about the people she passes on the way to her desk than on her way around the block. Our new sense of community hasn’t just moved from house to office building. The labels that we wear connect us with members from distant companies, cities, and states. We assume that we have something “in common” with other teache rs, nurses, city planners.不是所有的住宅区都是空的，也不是所有的工作单位都是友好的。多数人在这些环境里都曾有过复杂的经历。然而，最近一位女性朋友告诉我她对工作单位里的人的了解程度要胜于对同一街区人的了解程度。我们不仅把社区的概念从住宅区搬进了办公楼，上班时身上所佩戴的标志也把我们和异国他乡的人们和公司员工联系在一起。我们假设自己和其他的教师、护士、城市规划者有着某些共同点。 12、It’s not unlike the experience of our immigrant grandparents. Many who came to this country still identified themselves as members of the Italian community, the Irish communtiy, the Polish community. They sought out and assumes connection with people from the old country, Many of us have updated that experience. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhood with the workplace. This whole realignment of community is surely most obvious among the mobile professions. People who move from city to city seem to put roots into their professions. In an age of specialists, they may have to search harder to find people who speak the same language.这有点像最初移民来到美国的我们的祖辈们的经历，许多人来到这里后把自己原来的国籍当成一个社区，所以有意大利人社区、爱尔兰人社区、波兰社区等。他们不断寻找并设想自己与来自同一个国家的人们有着亲密的联系。我们把这种体验提升了一步。像用工作单位取代居住地一样，我们用专业身份取代了种族身份。这种社区的完全重组在流动作业的行业中表现得最为明显，那些在不同城市变换工作的人似乎把自己的身份植根于他们的行业中。在这个充满专业人士的时代，他们不得不费尽周折去寻找有共同语言的人。 二、The Roots Of My Ambition 15、Mother would have liked it better if I could have grown up to be President or a rich businessman, but much as she loved me, she did not deceive herself. Before I was out of grade school, she could see I lacked the gifts for either making millions or winning the love of crowds. After that she began nudging me toward working with words.假如我现在是总统或者是富有的商人，妈妈应该会更满意的。虽然母亲很爱我，但她并没有欺骗自己。在我高中毕业之时，她就意识到了我缺少那种日进斗金或博取群众爱戴的能力。从那以后她就开始把我往写作的道路上推。 18、“Edwin James was no smarter than anybody else, and look where he is today,”my mother said, and said again, so than I finally grew up thinking Edwin James was adill clod who had a lucky break. Maybe she felt didn’t have to be brilliant to get where Edwin had got to, that the way to get to the top was to work, work, and work.艾德文并不比任何一个孩子聪明，看看他今天已经在哪了？母亲总是这样遍又一遍地对我说，以至于我长大以后认为艾德文?詹姆士不过是碰上了好运气的平庸之辈。也许母亲也是那样看待他的，但她的话中应该有更深的含意。她是在告
Unit 1 Text A II. Language points 1. How successful you’ll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation you’ve done.(Para. 1) If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations you’ve done in career planning. 2. Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumble or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. (Para. 2) You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future. 3. And while career planning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. (Para. 5)… don’t put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans. 4. To help you with your career planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. (Para. 6) … consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible. 5. Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged — and see if you can develop a common profile of these situations. (Para. 9) Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed—and try to generalize the features these situations have in common. 6. Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when you grew up (Para. 13) Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future 7. Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking.(Para. 13) Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear. 8. Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research other careers/ occupations that interest you. (Para. 13) You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside. 9. Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your career or to make the move to a new career path. (Para. 18) Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing. 10. If you’re not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, research job descriptions. (Para. 18) If you’re not sure about the qualific ations required in the new career, you should search job postings and job advertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviews in which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position..
江苏省委党校社会学专业在职研究生入学考试英语复习参考资料 一、完形填空（20分） 二、语句翻译（20分） 1、As far as ability is concerned,I am sure he will qualify for the job. 7、Some of the old fantasies about the space age have come true. 14、In general,prices may be brought down by increasing supply or decreasing demand. 17、Jack didn’t know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf,so his choice was quite arbitrary. 18、We are trying to figure out a solution to these urgent problems. 23、The increase in information and knowledge about management will be more important to top manager. 27、Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education. 32、We came to the meeting full of expectations,yet we left very disappointed. 34、The spokesman made in clear that the president would not cancel the trip under any circumstances. 40、The government has undertaken a series of new environmental initiatives,as a result, many parks and green belts have sprung up all of the country. 43、It is not unusual for this scientist to go to bed at two or three in the morning. 45、We didn’t like his attitude that he deserved special treatment. 48、These artists devoted all their lives to art,and made great contributions to the artistic field. 52、There are a lot of papers to sign,but the only urgent one is this contract. 53、The government is taking these measure in hopes of bringing down the soaring price of houses. 三、阅读理解（30分） 四、段落翻译（30分） 3、在1991年，巴西在全世界环保主义者的压力下改变了做法，它取消了鼓励砍伐亚马逊雨林的税收优惠，批准了一个新雨林保护项目的资金计划。 牛场主、矿工、移民抗议这一行动并继续破坏雨林，尽管速度比以前要慢。去年当矿工为了夺取一群印第安人的土地而将他们杀死使得矛盾扩大了。政府承诺将保护该地区的原住民，问题是这一承诺真实的程度究竟多大。
Unit 1 General Description of Literature Reading and Translation 1. Definition of Literature Literature is a general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations. 2. Classification of Literature 1) Textbooks(教科书)：In general, a textbook is a kind of professional writing specially designed for the students in a given branch of learning. 2) Monographs(专著)：A monograph is an artide or short book on one particular subject or branch of a subject that the writer has studied deeply. 3) Papers(论文)：A complete paper is usually composed of the following elements: title, author, affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, theoretical analysis and/or experimental description, results and discussion or conclusion, acknowledgments, references, etc. 4) Encyclopedias(百科全书)：An encyclopedia is a book or set of books dealing with every branch of knowledge, or with one particular branch, in alphabetical order. 5) Periodicals(期刊)：A periodical is a series of publications that appear at regular intervals. 6) Special Documentation(特别文件)：Special documentation refers to all the printed materials that are non-books or non-periodicals. 3. Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature 1) Stylistically(在文体上), literature is a kind of formal writing. 2) Syntactically(在语句构成上), scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures, and in most cases is rather unitary. 3) Morphologically(在词法上), scientific literature is featured by high specialization, the use of technical terms and jargons, unambiguous implication and the fixed sense of the word. 4) Besides, non-verbal language is also very popular in various literatures such as signs, formulas, charts, tables, photos, etc. 4. Discussion 1. What is your opinion on the importance of translation? Can you cite some examples to support your idea? As a means of communication, translation plays an important role in human civilization. for example , in the West, literary translation can be traced back to 300 BC; while in China, recorded translation activities are even earlier, dating from Zhou Dynasty (1100 BC). A modern society sees an extensive use of translation on various occasions. Proper and dexterous translation helps promote mutual understanding between peoples of different cultural and social backgrounds. For example ,the ordinary word “menu”. Its original meaning is “a list of dishes in a meal or to be ordered as separated meals. However, when it is used in computer science, its meaning shifts to “a list shown on the display of a computer from which a user can select the operation the computer is to perform.” 2. What is translation? Do you agree with the author’s point of view? Why or why not? If the word “translation” refers to a subject, it is a science. If it refers to some specific pieces
Unit 1 To have a mind to do a thing is to foresee a future possibility; it is to have a plan for its accomplishment; it is to note the means which make the plan capable of execution and the obstructions in the way--or,if it is really a mind to do the thing and not a vague aspiration it is to have a plan which takes account of resources and difficulties. ——John Dewey 用心去做一件事，就是要预见未来的可能性，要为成功制定一个计划，要找到实施计划、避开障碍的方法——或者是一颗真正做事的心，而不是一个模糊的愿望，是考虑了所有资源和困难的计划。 ——约翰·杜威The Good Mind Is Flexible 优秀的头脑是灵活的 Edgar Dale埃德加?戴尔 1For many years we have talked about education in a changing society but have done little to educate for uncertainty. Perhaps the best insurance we can offer for this uncertainty is the presence of a good mind. To develop a good mind the student must learn how to learn and develop a taste for learning. The world of tomorrow needs flexible individuals, intellig ently mobile individuals, individuals who can land on their feet when their jobs become technologically obsolete, individuals who can cope with the unexpected. 1 多年来，我们一直在讨论日新月异的社会中的教育问题，却没有采取切实行动来教育人们如何应对变化。或许面对变化，我们的最佳保障是拥有优秀的头脑。要培养优秀的头脑，学生需要掌握学习方法，培养学习兴趣。未来的世界所需要的人才应该具备很强的适应能力，而且他们灵活而机敏，当其所从事的工作技术上落伍时，他们依然能够于逆境之中站稳脚跟，而且他们有能力应对突发的意外。 2To educate for flexibility we must distinguish between training and education. To train is to emphasize fixed responses, to stress immediate goals to the neglect of long-term growth . To educate, however, is to foster limitless growth, lifelong learning, to develop the good mind. 2 要培养灵活的头脑，我们需要区别什么是训练，什么是教育。训练就是加强固定的反应，重视即时目标，而忽略长远发展。教育则旨在促进无限的成长，鼓励终生的学习，培养优秀的头脑。 3Mark Twain's story about the cat is in order here. He said that a cat that jumps onto a hot stove will never jump on a hot stove again. Nor, he added, will she ever jump on a cold one. The cat can be trained but, contrary to what cat-lovers may say, cannot be educated.
第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝