Gallbladder
底部(fundus) 体部(body) 颈部(neck)
Gallbladder wall thickness
Normal distended GB------1-2 mm a single echogenic layer
Physiologically contracted GB 3-4 mm
Pathology
阻塞性黃疸
原因:
良性
恶性
结石
CBD tumor
胆管炎或术后造成的 狭窄
胆道出血
Pancreatic head ca Ampular vater ca HCC (tumor thrombus)
Chief complain
Yellowish skin Tea color urine Clay color stool Skin itching
Preparation
Visiting patient and check lab. Data. Review previous radiological examination. Antibiotic prophylaxis (IV). Analgesic / sedative premedication NPO 4~6 hours
Bleeding Sepsis Bile leakage, bile peritonitis Hepatic arterial injury Pneumothorax, biliary pleural fistula Death
PTCD的优缺点
优点 易执行 取结石
缺点 疼痛 出血、感染
Lab data
Total bilirubin Alkaline-P WBC