Lecture 3-01

新视线大学英语四级词汇详解Unit 7--Section AHackerModenizeClassification1 Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to afive-volume report, thelast volume being published in 1895. （ 89-1）261. Let’ s look at this __61__ in more detailbecause it is language,（03-1）A)classificationB)definitionC)functionD)perceptionVoltage1Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltagetransformers, heroestake the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can beused by ordinary people. （ 03-1）2 1 2. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that________.A)they have a vision from the mountaintopB)they have warm feelings and emotionsC)they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD)they can make people feel stronger and more confidentBrillianceCorridorVoltDean1 says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton,（08-12）2“ Yeah, we’ re playing the merit game,” acknowledges associTomL a ncaster,dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong points, too, （ 08-12）3 Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believed___.（08-12）Conservation1“ The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation cam e along,(01”-1)2 “ Energyconservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases.(01-1)”3 31. It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas h ouse ________.(01-1)A)is well worth the money spent on its constructionB)is almost faultless from the point of energy conservationC)failed to meet energy conservation standardsD)was designed and constructed in a scientific way4 35. This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled(01-1)“ ________”A)Energy ConservationB)HousesBuilding CrisisC)Air Pollution IndoorsD)Traps in Building Construction5 forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservationeffort.(05-6)Spokesman1 A spokesman for RoyalDoulton admitted that the company “ has been somewhat slow incatching up with thetrend” toward casual(03dining-12).2“ The Constitution,” said the association’ s spokesman,“ gives everyone the right to own arms. (04-6)3 The spokesman said,“ Hydrogen bombs don’ t killpeoplekill people—.(04-6)4 18. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it________.(04-6)A)will frighten away any possible intrudersB)can show the special status of its ownersC)will threaten the safety of the o wners as wellD) can kill those entering others’ houses by forceHeadquarters1 25. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can___.(03-1)A)better control the whole negotiation processB)easily find new approaches to meet market needsC)fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD)easily make friends with businesspeopleabroad Maximum1 79. the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with_79__ guidance.(93-6)A)maximumB)minimumC)possibleD)practical2 The level of formaldehyde ( 甲醛 ) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federalstandards for chemicalworkers. (01-1)3 17.A)He was afraid t hat be would be caught on t h e spot.(03-9)B)Large bills were not within his reach.C)T h e maximum s um allowed was 55 , 000 .D)H e was limited by time a n d t he size of his pockets.4 71. to carry out the 71 research projects possible in larger institutions(08-12)A)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vastPunctual1Others are sever over times of coming home atnight or punctuality for meals. (98-1)231. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite ________ used late for hislecture.(98-1)A)to have studentsB) for students’ being新视线大学英语第三册四级词汇详解unitC) for students to beD) to students’ being3One must arrive at the negotiation table punctually(03-12)4The idea person is punctual(06-6)5 They should make sure their children are always punctual for school.(06-12)GearRecreation1 26. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.(02-1)A)for recreationB)in the interests of the farmersC)to limit the fox populationD)to show off their wealth2 36. The word“ spas” (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to(02-6) .A)sports activitiesB)places for physical exerciseC)recreation centersD)athletic training programs3 46. The rest of the day was entirely at his for reading or recreation.(03-6)A)dismissalB)survivalC)disposalD)arrival4 5 0 . Mr. Jones holds strong views against video games and ________ the closing of allrecreation facilities for such games.(03-6)5 Directions: Directions: Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute s to writea short essay on thetopic of Recreational Activities. You should write at least 120 wordsfollowingthe outline given bellow(08-12)1 The receptionist saidthat Mr. Jorden would call me back.(93-6)2 7. A) A guest and a receptionist.(94-1)B)A passenger and an air hostess.C)A customer and a shop assistant.D)A guest and a waitress.341.It is important that the hotel receptionist ________ that guests are registeredcorrectly.(01-1)Visa1In the wake ofSeptember 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in thenumber offoreign students seeking admission to U.S. Universities, (08-12)28. changes in the visa process(08-12)Commercial1 The first time thatquestion“ What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with commercialconsequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to Americawas proposed. (89-1)2 New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.(93-6)3 40. Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream canbe made resistant to bacterial attack ________.(00-1)4 It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’ s largest creature, which has almost beenkilled off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. (02-6)5 At least 60 (S4)______ of the world’ s commercially important fish (S5) ________ are already over-fished, or fished to the limit. (03-1)6 As a result, governments have had to close down someareas of sea to commercial fishing.(03-1)7 ) it will not have much commercial value(05-6)8 The “energy-efficient ”sealed commercial buildingsconstructed after the 1970s energy crisis__75__ indoor air quality problems caused bymaterials such as paint, wall covering and carpet.(06-6)9 Beyond that, there were nonational standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs.(06-6)10 It was frequently interrupted by commercials.(08-12)11 As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led theworld in the commercialization of major new technologies,(08-12)12 Third, digital recordingdevices allow audience members more control over which commercialsthey watch.(08-12)1 W: 5:30. That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through the customs and check ourbaggage.(97-1)2 Please check your equipment. And remember no more than10 ounces of carry-on baggage areallowed.(05-6)Tourism1 24.A)Having a good knowledge of its customs(08-12)B)Knowing some key people in tourismC)Having been to the country beforeD)Being able to speak Japanese1 23. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches aroundthe island at regular ________.(97-1)A)gapsB)rateC)lengthD)intervalsSightseeing1 He was busy sightseeing.(93-6)2 But I really enjoyed my sightseeing in San Francisco.(93-6)38. A) Spending more time on sightseeing.(99-6)B)Visiting the city with a group.C)Touring the city on a fine day.D)Taking the man with her on the tour.47. A) They go to the seaside.(01-1)B)They set off early.C)They go sightseeing.D)They wait for a fine day.547.Fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun _______(01-6) sightseeing.A) than to goB) rather than to goC) more than goingD) other than going619.A) To go boating on the St. Lawrence River(06-12)B) To go sightseeing in QuebecProvince .C) To call on a friend in Quebec City .D) To attend a wedding in Montreal .7But while I’ m there I’ d also like to do some (08sightseeing-12).Multiple1 Experts have long recognized that this discouraging problem has multiple causes.(01-1) Frame1 observer. But looks can be deceiving. The house n frame’issreinforcedwoode with longsteel rods to give it extra strength.(03-12)2 C) to protect the wooden frame of the house(03-12)3 39. It ________ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses whenyou buy both.(04-6)4 45. As an actor he could communicate a whole ________ of emotions.(05-1)A)frameB)rangeC)numberD)scale5 W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow forthe walls, but I'll let you know tomorrow.(08-12)VideophoneBatPanelProcession176.Most students attend a university mainly to 75 the knowledge needed for their chosen 76 . (08-12)A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preferenceClockwiseQuiz Vague1 While I was sitting there drinking my coffee and reading the paper, I was vaguelyaware of a woman and her child coming to sit at the next table. (97-01)2 60. The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that ________ lot.(02-6)新视线大学英语第三册四级词汇详解unitA)validB)vacantC)vainD)vague3Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.(05-6)4 The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging,(05-6)5 38. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because ________.(05-12)A)it gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB)it may make the other person feel guiltyC)it is vague and ineffectiveD)it is hurtful and insulting6 64. My grandfather had always taken a ________ interest in my work, and I had anequal admiration for the stories of his time.(05-12)A)splendidB)weightyC)vagueD)keen730 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate(08-12)B)there are numerous languages in existenceC)Most public languages are inherently vagueD)Big gaps exist between private and public languagesPolitics1 the range of news from local crime to international politics,(98-1)2 the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in officepolitics.(04-6)3Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in officepolitics— a better job, a raise , praise—many people are still unable — or unwilling — to“ play the game. (04-”6)4“ People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior,” says Deborah Comer,assistant professor of management at HofstraUniversity.“ But politi cs derives from the word(04-6)‘ polite’ .5In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue oneown self-interest in the workplace. (04-6)6Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery ( 奉迎 ), (04-6)711. “ Office politics” (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to (04-6). 814 . The author considers office politics to be ________.(04-6)9M y every achievement— jobs, research papers, awards— was viewed through the lens of gender ( 性别) politics. (08-12)10 63. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author res to________.(08-12)A) the very fact that she is a womanB) her involvement in gender politicsC) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist’ s ’ s failuD) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society11 They offer them various courses in international politics.(08-12)Conquer1The popular image of the tiger is that of a merciless and unconquerable hunter. Butstudies show that it catches only one of 20 victims ( 牺牲品 ) it tries to attack.(93-1) 253. Hitler set out to conquer all of Europe in the belief that the Germans were themaster ________.(93-1)A)raceB)humanC)bloodD)brainsDeadly1 It involves the use of a deadly poison.(02-1)2 To scientists, she might providetechnical details on such topics as the design of spacesuits that protects spacemenfrom the deadly temperature extremes of space. (08-12)Competitor1Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.(03-1)264. It is too early to say whether IBM’ s competitors will be able to ________ their products to the new hardware at an affordable cost.(03-6)3At least onecompetitor in the 1896 games met these qualifications. (03-9)4S9. Similarly, it is smaller than most of its competitors, thus fitting easily into a pocketor a handbag.(05-1)5Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out onlywhen their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a studyjointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school(08-12)6 they wouldlose top students to their competitors.(08-12)ClawInterpret1Different people converse with the text differently. Some stay very close to thewords on the page; others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing,analyzing and examining. (94-1)2C) interpret a text in their own way(94-1)3D) interpreting and criticizing a text(94-1)4D) Believers of misfortunes happening in threes are cautious in interpreting events.(95-1)565. In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with ________.A) the interpretation of the term“ (96environment-1)”6This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mentalprocess of appraisal and interpretation. (97-1)7C) their own interpretations of the courses(03-1)869. For instance, animals’ cries do not __69hts__andthougfeelings clearly. (03-1)A)inferB)explainC)interpretD)express9The Defense Secretary, Michael Portillo,claimed the matter was “ a misinterpretation or misunderstanding. (04-6)”10 D) they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola(04-6)11 85. and finally __85__ the meaning.(06-12)A)prescribeB)justifyC)utterD)interpretVisionaryBrick1 Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrowto accommodate ( 容纳 ) automobiles.(06-6)2 Y et the survivors have to start somewhere. N ew homes can be built __86__ thestones, bricks and beams of old ones. S pring is coming and it is a good time tostart again.(08-12)Hardware1 What refrigeration did promote was marketing — marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of agood price.(97-6)24 7. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientifichardware ________ price.(03-6)364.It is too early to say whether IBM’ s competitors will be able to ________ their products to the new hardware at an affordable cost.(03-6)174.with __73__ sharp curves andmany straight __74__ , a direct route is not always themost __75__ one. (89-1)A)selectionsB)separationsC)seriesD)sections2 B) In a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious.(95-1)3Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.(98-6)4 5 6. Louis Herman, at the University of Hawa ii , has ________ a series of newexperiments in which some animals have learned to understand sentences.(03-6)5 4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?A)They organize a series of seminars on world economy.(08-12)6 87. Thanks for/Due to series of new inventions(08-12)7 Privacyeconomist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people willsurrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands ona pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券) 。

第一章 波函数1.1波粒二象性什么是波粒二象性？是指几何形状，还是指运动形态？1）光的波粒二象性h εν=， p hλ=其中，ε、p 是粒子的物理量，ν、λ是波动物理量。

波粒二象性是指物理量的取值既具有粒子性，也具有波动性。

不是指几何形状，也不是指运动形态。

2）原子的量子论描述a. 电子具有确定的分离轨道。

“确定”是经典的，“分离”是量子的。

（经典轨道是连续的）b. 跃迁 m h E E n ν=−，体系的性质与两条轨道的关联相关矩阵力学。

“轨道”是经典的，“两条”是量子的。

矩阵→不对易。

→c. 跃迁几率：量子论不能给出结果。

问题：如何自洽地描述微观粒子的运动？量子力学→1.2 电子双缝衍射实验1实验结果：只开缝1，强度分布为()211I ()x x ψ=;只开缝2， ()222I ()x x ψ=；同时开缝1和2， 2121I ()()I 2x x ψψ=+≠+I ，电子具有衍射特性，波动性。

实验分析： 一次只发射一个电子，屏上开始出现随机的光斑分布，长时间后出现衍射条纹。

光斑说明粒子性，但随机说明统计性，故不是经典粒子，而是统计意义上的粒子； 衍射条纹说明波动性，但只有长时间才有统计性，故不是经典波动，而是统计意义上的波动； 合起来说明粒子的位置力学量具有统计意义上的波粒二象性。

一个电子说明波粒二象性是微观粒子的固有特性，不是多个粒子相互作用的结果。

总结：1）观察物理量()x 的取值时既观察到粒子性质，又观察到波动性。

粒子性：物理量的取值具有颗粒性，一份一份的；波动性：物理量的取值不确定；2）粒子性与波动性都是从力学量取值的统计意义来理解，不是指运动的空间位形。

注意：此处的统计根源与经典统计不同。

每次发射一个电子，即使初态完全相同，也仍具有统计意义上的波粒二象性，而每一次丢一枚硬币，若初始条件完全相同，则每一次结果同。

1.3 Born 统计解释（将力学量x 取值的粒子性与波动性统一起来）引入几率波函数r t ψr （，）， 2r t r t ψρ⎧⎪∝⎨⎪⎩r r 波幅的平方（，）波动性衍射条纹强度粒子出现的几率（，） 粒子性， 那么微观粒子在t 时刻位于的几率密度为r r 2*r t r t r t r t ρψψψ∝=r r r r （，）（，）（，）（，）注意波函数一般为复函数。

新目标大学英语（第二版）视听说教程3Unit1答案Unit1 Personality01.Unit Goals 略02.Quotation 略03.Lead-inI.1.know me 2.play a part 3.wear a mask 4.my heart 5.Staring 6.I am insideII.1.vain,self-centered,insecure,intelligent2.demonic,impetuous,talented,bold3.accomplished,learned,resourceful,loyal4.humorous,self-sufficient,courageous,calm5.conscientious,competitive,humble,brave6.well-educated,careful,bright,sentimental,feminineIII.1.I like Hua Mulan’s personality. She was brave and determined. Hua Mulan was a legendary/fictional female warrior from the Northern and Southern Dynasties period of Chinese history. Disguised as a man, she took her aged father’s place in the army. Mulan fought for twelve years and gained high merit, but she refused any reward and retired to her hometown.2. I strongly agree with this proverb. Our destiny is often decided by how we choose and what we do. And our character determines how we choose and what we do. In turn, those choices and actions shape our character too. Character tells who we are and determines what happens in our life and what path we take.I will take Scarlett as an example. Katie Scarlett O’Hara is a fictional character in Margaret Mitchell’s 1936 novel Gone with the Wind. She is vain, self-centered, and spoiled by her wealthy parents. She can also be insecure, but is very intelligent, despite the Old South’s pretense of ignorance and helplessness. She is somewhat unusual among Southern women, whom society preferred to act as dainty creatures who need protection from their men. All her life experiences are greatly influenced by her personality.04.Note-Taking skill略05.Task1ExerciseI. 1-5 FTTFTExerciseII. 1.thinking 2.feeling 3.acting municating 5.listener 6.interesting 7.optimistic 8.encouraging 9.supportive 10.integrity 11.respect 12.yourself 13.radiant 14.engaging 15.perfect06.Task2ExerciseI. 1.career 2.personality 3.yourself 4.tools5.selfassessments6.extrovert7.social8.being around people9.introvert 10.oneself 11.solitary 12.social settings 13.have apartnership 14.schedule 15.how you fit into the jobExerciseII. 1.C 2.C 3.AExerciseIII. 1-5 TFTTT07.ExerciseI. 1.traits 2.outlook 3.boils down to 4.get a clearpicture of 5.social settings08.ExerciseII. 1.social settings 2.boils down to 3.traits 4.outlook5.get a clear picture of09.ExerciseIII. 1.If you keep practicing, you are well on your way toestablishing yourself among the top players in the world.2.Tom wants to discontinue the relationship, whileRebecca wants to continue.3.It’s important to comfort him while he was working,because the less he worried, the better he worked.10.ExerciseIV. 1.work on developing these traits for ourselves 2.facilitate and develop your confidence 3.as accurate as we think they are 4.be comfortable with yourself in the type of work that you’re doing 5.you’re more of an introvert11.Presentation 略12.Exercise 略 Answers may vary13.Critical ThinkingExerciseI. 1 D.open 2 C.conscientious 3 E.extrovert 4 A.agreeable 5 B.neuroticExerciseII. Openness:Openness indicates how open-minded a person is.A person with a high level of openness to experience enjoys trying new things. They are imaginative, curious, and open-minded. Conscientiousness:Conscientiousness is the personality trait of being careful, or diligent. Conscientiousness implies a desire to do a task well, and to take obligations to others seriously.Extroversion:Extroversion (also spelled extraversion) is defined, by Carl Jung, as “an attitude-type characterized by concentration of interest on the external object”. Extroversion tends to be manifested in outgoing, talkative, energetic behaviour, whereas introversion is manifested in more reserved and solitary behaviour. Agreeableness:Agreeableness is a personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioural characteristics that are perceived as kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm, and considerate.Neuroticism:Individuals who are neurotic are more likely than average to be moody and to experience such feelings as anxiety, worry, fear, anger, frustration, envy, jealousy, guilt, depressed mood, and loneliness. They respond worse to stressors and are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as threatening and minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult. They are often self-conscious and shy, and they may have trouble controlling urges and delaying gratification. ExerciseIII. 1.I am an agreeable person. I find it important to getalong with others and I’m willing to put aside my interests for other people. I feel it hard to say NO to others. People like to come to me and I never refuse to help them even though I myself am busy at that time.2.Personality traits predict general patterns of behaviour over time rather than single instances of behaviour. Odelia is excited and interested because she is an open person. She plans to explore the island and learns new things. Claire is concerned about the seriousness of the situation because she is a conscientious person. She wants to make sure that they can survive. Emile is thrilled because he is an extrovert. He wants to celebrate and explore the island with others. Albert is kind because he is an agreeable person. He cares for Nora and agrees to everything. Nora has a breakdown because she is a neurotic person. She feels stressed and lost.3.Emile has the idea to make a fire. He calls the others to help. Claire immediately starts to work, Albert brings more wood, Odelia is holding up her beautifully arranged SOS sign while Nora screams desperately for help.14.Conversation1.C2.B3.C4.D1.uncomfortable2.pretendmon4.movement5.tell15.Passage1.D2.C3.B1.age;gender;socia-economic backgrounds2.gifted;flexible;the same type;high expectationsmitted to;pushes me forward16.Lecture1.B2.C3.D1.Four types of people/personalities2.extremely organized3.credibility4.(very)analytical5.all the detailspetitive7.energetic8.talk to people9.great with relationships 10.hugging 11.kisses 12.himself/herself 13.he/she works with17.Goal Checking YES。