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中学英语必修一考点一：干脆引语&间接引语（unit 1& unit 2）引语的概念（以课文88页为主，本文重在方法提炼与巩固）干脆引述别人的原话，叫干脆引语干脆引语通常都用引号括起来用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语间接引语在多数状况下都构成一个_宾语从句Direct SpeechShe said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”Indirect SpeechShe said she liked singingShe said she was waiting for a bus.总结：干脆引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变更.（见课本88）干脆引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。
解题步骤:1.陈述句“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.第一步Sarah said to her friends that I don’t like computers.（I—she 时态said 过去式don’t ---- didn’t ）其次步Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him )第一步It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.其次步They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.第三步Asked过去式is----was第四步They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )第一步you harvest the wheat其次步They asked him When you harvest the wheat.第三步（you--he）(harvest--harvested)第四步They asked him when he harvested the wheat考点二：现在进行时表将来（unit 3）用现在进行时表示将来1. 指的是近期的，按支配或支配要发生的动作；谓语通常为瞬间性的动词如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, meet, get 等。
1 被动语态(PASSIVE VOICE) 一、构成 英语有两种语态：主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者/施动者(agent)，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者/受动者(recipient)，其构成为“be+过去分词”。例如： They will widen the road.他们将拓宽道路。(主动) The road will be widened.道路将被拓宽。(被动) Granny takes care of the baby.奶奶照看宝宝。(主动) The baby is taken care of by Granny.宝宝由奶奶照看。(被动) Privileges must be done away with.特权必须废除。 The matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.这事将尽快处理。 1.被动语态各种时态形式表 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are + asked am/is/are + being asked has/have + been asked 过去 was/were + asked was/were + being asked had been asked 将来 shall/will + be asked shall/will + have been asked 过去将来should would + be asked should/would + have been asked The horizon of life is broadened chiefly by the enlargement of the heart.生活的地平线主要是随着心灵的开阔而变宽广的。(一般现在时) Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way forcrops. 山坡上的树林都被砍光了，用来种庄稼。(一般现在时) That day is pictured as far in the future. 人们看来，那一天还遥遥无期呢。(一般现在时) They were given a warm send-off.他们受到热烈的欢送。(一般过去时) As I walked along the street, my mind was flooded by waves of nostalgia.我走在这条街上，怀旧之情澎湃心间。(一般过去时) Their wedding will be held in the church. 他们的婚礼将在教堂里举行。(一般将来时) Mailed out automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members. 电子邮件自动发出，所有的会员都会收到。(一般将来时) I'm afraid I am being followed.恐怕我被人跟踪了。(现在进行时) We had to take a detour.The road was beingrepaired. 我们得绕行，这条路在维修。(过去进行时) The case has recently been tried.案子最近已经审过了。(现在完成时) 2
什么是句子转换举个例子的例子第一篇：什么是句子转换举个例子句子转换是语法学中的一个重要概念，它通过不同的语法手段将原句表述的意思进行转换，以达到表述更加丰富、准确的目的。
句子转换的方法有很多种，如主动语态和被动语态的转换、直接引语和间接引语的转换等等。
下面我将通过一个具体的例子来解释什么是句子转换。
例句：The book was written by Mark Twain.这是一个被动语态的句子，表示书籍是由马克·吐温写的。
现在我们可以通过句子转换的方法将其改为主动语态句子：The passive: The book was written by Mark Twain.The active: Mark Twain wrote the book.这个例子中，我们先将原始句子中的“被动语态”转换为“主动语态”，使用了一些语法手段将原意表达得更加准确和丰富。
这也是句子转换的核心目标：通过变化句子的语法结构，使其表达更加准确和丰富。
知识点分析：1. 被动语态和主动语态的基本概念。
这两种语态是英语语法中最基本的语态，对于理解句子转换很有帮助。
2. 句子转换的实际应用。
句子转换在实际的英语语言学习和交流中非常重要，可以帮助我们更好地理解和表达不同的意思。
3. 不同语法手段的运用。
句子转换需要使用各种不同的语法手段，如时态、语态、语气、成分替换等等，这些都需要我们掌握和灵活运用。
第二篇：句子转换的例子及其应用句子转换是英语语法中非常重要的概念，它允许我们通过调整句子结构、改变词语序列、使用不同语法形式等手段，使原有的句子表达更加准确、丰富和具有表现力。
下面我们将通过两个具体的例子来说明句子转换的应用。
例句1：They have just finished lunch.这是一个现在完成时态的句子，表示“他们刚刚吃过午饭”。
我们可以将其转换为过去完成时态：The original: They have just finished lunch.（现在完成时态）The transformed: They had just finished lunch.（过去完成时态）在这个例子中，我们通过将“现在完成时”转化为“过去完成时”的形式改变了句子的时态，更加准确地表示了“吃午饭”的时间点。
北京高考英语语法总结北京高考英语语法总结英语是全球通用的语言之一，也是中国的高考科目之一。
在高中英语学习中，语法是非常重要的一个环节，需要同学们掌握熟练。
下面是北京高考英语语法的总结，希望对同学们的复习有所帮助。
1. 时态（Tense）一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）：表示经常、习惯性或普遍性的动作或状态。
例句：He often plays basketball with his friends.一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。
例句：She studied English for three hours yesterday.一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）：表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
例句：We will visit Beijing next month.现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）：表示正在进行的动作。
例句：They are watching a movie right now.过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）：表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
例句：He was playing the piano when I arrived.现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）：表示过去发生的动作与现在的关系。
例句：I have read this book three times.过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）：表示过去某个时间之前发生的动作。
例句：She had already finished her homework when her friends came.将来完成时（Future Perfect Tense）：表示将来某个时间之前会完成的动作。
例句：By next year, I will have graduated from university.2. 语态（Voice）主动语态（Active Voice）：表示主语是动作的执行者。
英语语法核心知识点归纳英语语法是英语学习中至关重要的一部分，它就像建筑的框架，支撑着整个语言体系。
掌握好语法，能够让我们更准确、流畅地表达自己的想法。
下面，就让我们一起来归纳一下英语语法的核心知识点。
一、词性词性是语法的基础，英语中的词性主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词、数词和冠词等。
名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念。
比如“book（书）”“city（城市）”“love（爱）”。
动词则是表示动作或状态，如“run（跑）”“sleep（睡觉）”“be （是）”。
形容词用来描述或修饰名词，像“beautiful（美丽的）”“big（大的）”“happy（快乐的）”。
副词用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，例如“quickly （快速地）”“very（非常）”“fortunately（幸运地）”。
代词用来替代名词，比如“he（他）”“she（她）”“it（它）”“they （他们）”等。
介词通常用于表示名词或代词与其他词的关系，常见的有“in （在……里面）”“on（在……上面）”“at（在……）”。
连词用于连接单词、短语或句子，像“and（和）”“but（但是）”“or （或者）”。
数词分为基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，如“one（一）”“two （二）”；序数词表示顺序，如“first（第一）”“second（第二）”。
冠词分为定冠词“the”和不定冠词“a/an”，用于限定名词。
二、句子成分了解句子成分对于理解和构造正确的句子非常重要。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
主语是句子中执行动作或被描述的主体，通常是名词或代词。
谓语则是表示主语的动作或状态，由动词充当。
宾语是动作的对象，常为名词或代词。
表语用于说明主语的性质、特征或状态，常由形容词、名词或介词短语等充当。
定语用于修饰名词或代词。
状语用于描述动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等。
补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
高中英语必修一考点一：直接引语&间接引语（unit 1& unit 2）引语的概念（以课文88页为主，本文重在方法提炼与巩固）直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语直接引语通常都用引号括起来用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个_宾语从句Direct SpeechShe said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”Indirect SpeechShe said she liked singingShe said she was waiting for a bus.总结：直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化.（见课本88）直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。
解题步骤:1.陈述句“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.第一步Sarah said to her friends that I don’t like computers.（I—she 时态said 过去式don’t ---- didn’t ）第二步Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him )第一步It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.第二步They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.第三步Asked过去式is----was第四步They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )第一步you harvest the wheat第二步They asked him When you harvest the wheat.第三步（you--he）(harvest--harvested)第四步They asked him when he harvested the wheat考点二：现在进行时表将来（unit 3）用现在进行时表示将来1. 指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作；谓语通常为瞬间性的动词如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, meet, get 等。
八年级冀教版语法知识点在八年级的英语学习过程中，语法知识是非常重要的一部分。
掌握了这些知识点，可以帮助我们更好地理解英语语言的构成规律，从而提高我们的阅读理解和语言表达能力。
下面，将为大家总结八年级冀教版英语语法知识点。
一、时态1.一般现在时：表示经常或习惯性的动作或状态，如“I usually get up at six o'clock in the morning.”2.现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作或发生的事情，如“I am watching TV now.”3.一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态，如“Yesterday, I went to the zoo with my family.”4.过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，如“I was studying English at 8 o'clock last night.”5.一般将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或事件，如“I will go to the movie theater tomorrow.”6.将来进行时：表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，如“At this time tomo rrow, I will be traveling to Beijing.”二、被动语态1.被动语态的构成：be动词（am/is/are/was/were）+ 过去分词（动词的第三形式）。
2.被动语态的用法：强调动作的承受者，通常在被动语态中，动作的执行者不重要或者已知。
3.注意事项：有些动词不能使用被动语态（如enjoy，hate，like，need等），不可将其直接转化成被动语态。
而有些动词可以同时用于主动语态和被动语态，如read，write，sell等。
三、情态动词1.情态动词包括can，could，may，might，shall，should，will，would和must。
2.情态动词的用法：a.表示询问、建议、请求、许可等语气，如“May I go to the restroom?”b.表示能力、可能性、意愿等，如“He can play the piano very well.”c.表示必要、责任、推测等，如“We must protect the environment.”3.情态动词的否定形式，在情态动词后面加“not”，如“cannot，couldn't，may not，might not，will not，would not”等。
举例说明常见的语法手段和方法语法是语言使用的规则和约定，在交流过程中起着非常重要的作用。
通过遵守和运用语法规则，我们可以清晰地表达自己的意思，使沟通更加准确和有效。
下面举例说明一些常见的语法手段和方法。
1.词类变化词类变化是通过改变词的形态来表达不同的语法功能。
例如动词的时态变化可以表达过去、现在和将来的动作。
例如，动词"run"在不同的时态中发生形态变化，如"run-跑"、"ran-跑过"、"running-正在跑"、"will run-将要跑"等。
2.词序调整词序是指单词在句子中的排列顺序。
通过改变词序，我们可以强调不同的信息或改变句子的语气。
例如，"The cat caught the mouse."和"The mouse was caught by the cat."表达的意思相同，但强调的重点不同。
3.主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。
例如，"She sings well."中的主语"she"是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词"sing"变成" sings"。
4.时态一致时态一致是指在句子中使用相同的时态，以表达动作发生的时间关系。
例如，"He has finished his assignment before dinner."中的谓语动词"has finished"和"before dinner"都表示过去时态。
5.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词通过加上后缀(-er和-est)来表示比较级和最高级。
例如，"She is taller than her sister."(比较级)和"He is the tallest in the class."(最高级)。
初三英语知识初三英语知识主要包括以下内容：1.语法知识：包括时态、语态、虚拟语气、被动语态、倒装句、直接引语和间接引语、从句等。
2.词汇知识：包括单词的拼写、词义辨析、词形变化（比如名词、动词、形容词、副词的变化）、短语和固定搭配等。
3.阅读理解：包括根据文章内容回答问题、理解文章主旨、推理判断、识别作者意图等。
4.写作技巧：包括写作结构、句子连接词、写作时态、句型转换等。
5.听力技巧：包括听力材料的理解、听力策略、听写等。
6.口语表达：包括口语交际用语、口语表达技巧、口语应用等。
7.文化知识：包括英语国家的文化、习俗、节日等。
8.时态：包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时等。
9.从句：包括宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。
10.被动语态：包括被动语态的构成以及被动句的时态转换。
11.各种连接词的用法：如并列连词（and、but）、转折连词（however、although）、因果连词（because、so）等。
12.功能词的运用：如情态动词（can、may）、虚拟语气（if I were you）、情感动词（like、love）等。
13.翻译技巧和表达方式：如根据上下文理解词义、使用适当的句型和表达方式进行口头和书面表达。
14.阅读理解：包括阅读文章后回答问题、根据文章内容判断正误、推测词义等。
15.写作技巧：如写作文、书信、日记、议论文等，要求表达清晰、语法准确，并注意段落结构和文字连贯性。
目录Unit 1 How can we ... learners? .. (2)Unit 2 I think that ... delicious! . (5)Unit 3 Could you please ... are? .. (6)Unit4 I used to be afraid of the dark. (7)Unit5 What are the shirts made of? (10)Unit6 When was it invented? (12)Unit7 Teenagers should....clothes. .. (14)Unit8 It must belong to Carla. (16)Unit9 I like music that I can dance to. (18)Unit10 You're supposed to shake hands. (19)Unit11 Sad movies make me cry. (22)Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected. (23)附注：Unit 1 How can we ... learners?【重点短语】1. have conversation with sb. 同某人谈话2. too…to… 太……而不能3. the secret to… ……的秘诀4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事5. look up 查阅6. repeat out loud 大声跟读7. make mistakes in 在……方面犯错误8. connect ……with… 把……和……连接/联系起来9. get bored 感到厌烦10. be stressed out 焦虑不安的11. pay attention to 注意；关注12. depend on 取决于；依靠13. the ability to do sth.. 做某事的能力【考点详解】1. by + doing 通过……方式（by是介词，后面要跟动名词，也就是动词的ing形式）2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
被动语态要点提示 1. 中文中无主句的英译句中用被动。 2. 多词动词的被动结构: He took great care of his books. = His books were taken great care of. = Great care was taken of his books. 3. 特殊被动句: People believe that he is ill. = It is believed that he is ill. = He is believed / known / thought / found / supposed / considered / said to be ill. 4. GET-passive get painted / hurt / lost / paid / killed 5. 主动表示被动 1. write / sell / read / close / open / wash / wear / dry well / easily ... 2. there is / have nothing to do 3. what to do / who to go with / which seat to sit in 4. Tom is easy to teach. We found Tom easy to teach. 5. We have to find someone to talk with. give him some water to drink borrow a book to read 6. The film is worth seeing. 7. The classroom needs cleaning (= to be cleaned). 直接引语和间接引语要点提示 1. 在下列场合，尽管引述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中动词时、体形式却不必改变，即： 1) 当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯动作以及格言等时： She said, “The word „NATO‟ is an acronym.(缩写)” = He said the word “NATO” is an acronym. 2) 当原话动词是虚拟式时： She said, “I suggest the meeting be put off till next week.” = She suggested the meeting be put off till the next week. 3) 动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续： “I‟m twenty,” Mary said. = Mary said she is twenty. 2. 时间状语在间接引语种变化规则如下： 直接引语 间接引语 today that day this morning / afternoon, etc that morning / afternoon, etc yesterday the day before, the previous day the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the following / next day the day after tomorrow two days after, in two days‟ time next week / month, etc the next week / month, etc last week / month the week / month before now then 3. 疑问句的间接引语 引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导，而引述选择疑问句时，一 般只能用whether引导。 4. 祈使句的间接引语 引述祈使句多半采用 “动词 + 宾语 + 不定式”结构, 常见的引述动词有ask, tell, warn, advise等。 直接引语和间接引语强化练习： 将下列句子改成间接引语: 1.She said, “They are quarrelling among themselves.” 2.Tom said, “The manager has gone to Shanghai.” 3.She said, “The earth is round.” 4.She said, “I didn‟t recognize you.” 5.She said, “You mustn‟t smoke in the room.” 6.Jack said, “I was joking with Tom.” 7.Wanglin said, “We hadn‟t returned to the store when she came.” 8.Tom said, “We‟re spending next weekend at home.” 9.She said, “We love our country.” 10.She said, “It was completed a year ago.” 11.He said, “We left Beijing at 6.” 12.Mr Smith said, “We started learning Chinese last month.” 13.“Does she really mean it?” (I wondered) 14.“Is this watch yours or his?” (He asked) 15.“Shall I open the window?” (She asked) 16.“Why didn‟t you stop him?” (He asked) 17.“Which chair shall I sit in?” (She asked me) 18.“Would you buy me some oranges?” (He asked) 19.“Why don‟t you phone her first?” (He advised) 20.“Leave the room quietly.” (He told) 21.“Be careful with the dog.” (I warned you) 22.“Don‟t drive too fast.” (He told me) 23.“Fill in this form.” (She said) She said, “They are quarrelling among themselves.” = She said they were quarrelling among themselves. Tom said, “The manager has gone to Shanghai.” = Tom said the manager had gone to Shanghai. She said, “The earth is round.” = She said the earth is round. She said, “I didn‟t recognize you.” = She said she hadn‟t recognized me. She said, “You mustn‟t smoke in the room.” = She said I mustn‟t smoke in the room. Jack said, “I was joking with Tom..” = Jack said he had been joking / was joking with Tom. Wanglin said, “We hadn‟t returned to the store when she came.” = Wanglin said they hadn‟t returned to the store when she came. Tom said, “We‟re spending next weekend at home.” = Tom said they were spending the next weekend at home. She said, “We love our country.” = She said they love their country. She said, “It was completed a year ago.” = She said it had been completed a year before. He said, “We left Beijing at 6.” =He told us they‟d left / left Beijing at 6. Mr Smith said, “We started learning Chinese last month.” = Mr Smith said they had started learning Chinese last month. = Mr Smith said they had started learning Chinese the previous month. “Does she really mean it?” = I wondered whether / if she really meant it. “Is this watch yours or his?” =He asked me whether this watch was mine or his. “Shall I open the window? = She asked if she should open the window. “Why didn‟t you stop him?” = He asked why I hadn‟t stopped him. “Which chair shall I sit in?” = She asked me which chair she should sit in. “Would you buy me some oranges?” = He asked me to buy him some oranges. “Why don‟t you phone her first?” = He advised me to phone her first. “Leave the room quietly.” = He told me to leave the room quietly. “Be careful with the dog.” = I warned you to be careful with the dog. “Don‟t drive too fast.” = He told me that I wasn‟t to drive too fast. “Fill in this form.” = She said I had got to fill in this form.
