名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案r

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精选训练含答案Imagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One came out of a supermarket box, meaning it was probably harvested when it was still unripe. By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the vine for two weeks. The other strawberry was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten.Supermarket strawberries are not entirely without advantages: they are convenient and still available even in winter months. But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing music in a concert hall differs from listening to it on an old CD player. The home-grown fruit is an eatable case for making a home garden.Your columnist, who long considered gardening a complete waste of time, advances this argument with great enthusiasm. Planting cool-weather greens, as gardeners across thenorth-east of America are now doing, can seem nonsense, since convenient, continuously well-stocked supermarket shelves are available all week. But the same could be said of cooking: thereare many cheap and decent restaurants around, so why botherto make your own meals?That attitude misconstrues the ultimate appeal of gardening: it mistakes the product for the purpose. It is true that a garden can produce tomatoes and carrots of incomparable sweetness, and celtuce and herbs that taste like themselves rather than the plastic they are usually packaged in. While finding, let’s say, celtuce in the shops can take some time, effort, and expense, growing your own vegetables ensures a reliable supply.On the other hand, a garden, especially in the early years, can produce little but frustration. Green hands may plant the wrong crops for their soil. And even expert gardeners can lose a season’s harvest to uncooperative weather.No matter. The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure-as with cooking. Writing or almost anything worthwhile —is in the work itself. To garden is to patiently, lovingly and diligently help life become strong and healthy, in the ground and above it.8. What can we know about the supermarket strawberries?A. They look distinct from home-grown ones.B. They give out pleasant and fresh smell.C. They are picked days before fully grown.D. They are planted typically in winter.9. What does the underlined word “misconstrues“mean in paragraph 4?A. Misinterprets.B. Transforms.C. Mistrusts.D. Highlights.10. Why does the author mention the failures in gardening?A. To warn readers not to take up gardening easily.B. To advise readers to work in harmony with nature.C. To make readers reflect on the methods of gardening.D. To help readers have a whole picture of gardening.11. What is the author’s opinion on gardening?A. It’s a difficult and time-consuming process.B. Products of gardening make it worthwhile.C. The time and efforts invested make it a delight.D. It reduces the cost of purchasing vegetables.Everyone knows what makes a good story. Our hero starts their journey as a flawed being. In scene after scene, they face challenges that push them down new paths. By the end of the talc, they overcome setbacks and become a better person in the process.We love these plots in the novels we read but the principles of a good story offer much more than entertainment. Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress.People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health. Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe havinghad some control over events in their past is animportant predictor of mental health. Another key theme involved is finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events.McAdams invited 14 and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success. Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better. Eight weeks later, members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork.Exciting as these results are, some experts sound a few notes of caution. They worry that, hearing about the powerof self-narratives, many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life. If they can’t, they could endup feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”.Clearly, self-narratives aren’t the panacea. Nevertheless, if you hope for self-improvement, you can use the findings to good effect. By recognizing ourselves as the hero at the center of our own struggles, we can all become the author of ourown destiny and change ourselves for the better.12. What does the research focus on?A. The causes of stress.B. The principles of narrative.C. The connection between struggle and well-being.D. The link between mental health and self-narratives.13. Why is the experiment mentioned in paragraph 3?A. To give proof.B. To make predictions.C To draw a conclusion.D. To make comparisons.14. What does the underlined word “panacea”in the last paragraph refer to?A. Attempt to get rid of worries.B. Means of recognizing yourself.C. Solution to adolescent problems.D. Guarantee to become better people.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Embrace Life StrugglesB. Be Your Own HeroC. Ways to Make a Good StoryD. The Power of Self-improvementA six-year-old longing to keep a unicorn in her backyard figured she’d get the hard part out of the way first.Last November, Madeline wrote a letter to the Los Angeles County Department of Animal Care and Control with a straightforward request. “Dear LA County, I would like your approval if I can have a unicorn in my backyard if I can find one. Please send me a letter in response.”Director Mayeda replied two weeks later. The department does in fact license unicorns, she said, under certain conditions.Those include polishing the unicorn’s horn at least once a month with a soft cloth, feeding it watermelon at least once a week, covering it with only nontoxic and biodegradable sparkles and giving it regular access to sunlight, moonbeams and rainbows. And, because unicorns are indeed very rare to find, the department is also giving Madeline a toy unicorn to keep her company during her search, as a token of appreciation.“It is always rewarding to hear from young people who thoughtfully consider the requirements of providing a loving home for animals,”Mayeda wrote in the letter. “I like your sense of responsible pet ownership to seek permission in advance to keep a unicorn in Los Angeles County.”Mayeda told the Washington Post that this is the first time the department has received a request for a license for a unicorn or any mythical creature. They were impressed with thefirst-grader for wanting to ask permission in the first place, and doing her research to work out how to go about that. She and her colleagues deal with a lot of “life-and-death”issues on the job, whether that’s seeing cases of animal abuse or animals hurting people or making decisions about having to put down dangerous or sick animals. So Madeline’s letter has considerablybrightened their spirits, and she is due to visit the department this week to discuss her unicorn license application. Safe to say, she’s in for a magical surprise.4 Why did Madeline write the letter?A. To apply to visit a unicorn.B. To learn to provide animal care.C. To ask permission to keep a pet.D. To figure out how to find a unicorn.5. What can we learn from paragraph 3?A. Her application was disapproved.B. Requirements should be met for the license.C She was presented with a live unicorn.D. Guidance was given for her search.6. Which of the following best describes Mayeda?A. Imaginative.B. Sensitive.C. Flexible.D. Convincing.7. Why does the department think the letter “has brightened their spirits”?A. Because it is the first application letter for a pet.B. Because animal protection is a life-and-death issue.C. Because they are worn out with their daily work.D. Because they are touched with the girl’s deeds.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help lessen the effects of a warmer world. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a professor in Australia, shows that is already happening. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance beak(喙) size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Similar trends are seen in species of mice and bats growing bigger ears, tails, legs and wings.All that fits nicely with evolutionary(进化的) theory. “Allen’s rule”, named after Joe Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages(附加物) than those in mild areas. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to get rid of additional heal. Fennec foxes, meanwhile,which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.Ryding’s team combined data from different species in different places. Now that they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.Honestly, studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. That may change as warming accelerates. Every little bit of avoided future temperature increases results in less warming that would otherwise slay for essentially forever.12. Why do some species grow bigger parts of their body?A. They are following the new trends.B. They have to adapt to warmer climate.C. Scientists need them to do experiments.D. Larger parts tend to help them feed well.13. Where may warm-blooded animals have bigger body parts?A. In mild areas.B. In hot places.C. In the Arctic.D. In deserted regions.14. What do we know about the change in animals from the last two paragraphs?A. It comes at a cost.B. Its cause is definite.C. It happens in the same habitat.D. Its process will end soon.15. What can be a suitable tile for the text?A. Living on a Warming PlanetB. Measures to Remove HeatC. Pioneering Research on AnimalsD. Evolution to Survive HeatAfter a three-year delay, M+，Hong Kong’smuseum dedicated to Chinese visual culture, opened to the public. It contains an astonishing collection of art with works by some celebrities. The former Executive Director, Lars Nittve, sees M+ as equally as New York’s MoMA or the Centre Pompidou in Paris, in terms of depth and cultural importance.M+ wouldn’t have been possible without Swiss businessman and art collector Uli Sigg, who in 2012 donated and sold 1,510 Chinese contemporary works of art to the museum. Michael Schindhelm’s 2016 documentary, The Chinese Lives of Uli Sigg, looked back at Sigg’s life and how he accumulated his collection to preserve contemporary Chinese art for three decades. In interviews of the film, Sigg prefers to viewhimself as “a researcher of China and of Chinese contemporary art who just happened to buy some of the results of his research.”Chinese Lines follows Sigg’s life in time order, starting in 1979, the year that he first went to China as a representative of the Swiss elevator manufacturer. In 1995 Sigg became the Swiss Ambassador to China, which lasted until 1999. He was buying art with an objective eye, one towards preserving culture.Moving into the 21st century, Chinese art reached international attention thanks to Sigg’s efforts. He created the Chinese Contemporary Ant Award, an award that functioned to get artists noticed by important Western artists and galley owner. AI the same time, pieces by Chine artists were gaining more and more global reputations.Following Sigg’s announcement that he will donate a sizable portion of his collection to the soon-to-be-opened M+ museum, Chinese lives ends on a hopeful note for the still-growing art scene in China. The documentary is a good starting point to familiarize oneself with contemporary Chinese art and the man who helped expose it to the world.8. Why does the author mention “MoMA”in paragraph 1?A. To enrich our knowledge.B. To memorize art celebrities.C. To deepen M+ museum’s popularity.D. To indicate M+ museum’s significance.9. Which identity would Uli Sigg most probably agree with?A. A contemporary artist.B. A researcher of Chinese art.C. A collector of contemporary art.D. An ambassador with artistic taste.10. What can we infer from The Chinese Lives of Uli Sigg?A. Sigg offered money to Chinese artists.B. Sigg was the director of the documentary.C. Sigg made great efforts to promote Chinese art.D. Sigg was the Swiss Ambassador to China in 2000.11. What is Uli Sigg like?A. He is strict and ambitious.B. He is caring and creative.C. He is devoted and generous.D. He is hopeful and humorous.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent.News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste”agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai”in the West African country of Benin.Nzamujo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father—a driving force in his life who encouragedhim to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.Songhai has several “eco-literacy”development programs. They range from 18-month training courses forfarmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigeria, Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia. Nzamujo says they’ve trained more than7,000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30,000 people in total since it began. Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat: hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further.4. Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes?A. Poor soil.B. Water shortage.C. Lack of resources.D. Unsustainability.5. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?A. Introduce a solution.B. Give examples to the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Summarize the previous paragraphs.6. How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine?A. By offering land.B. By trading seeds.C. By educating farmers.D. By selling technology.7. Which of the following best describes Nzamujo?A. Critical and careful.B. Learned and responsible.C. Optimistic and generous.D. Considerate and ambitious.A walk around the workplace is also a trip back in time. The office is where colleagues meet, work and bond. But it is also a time capsule, a place where the traces of historic patterns of working are visible everywhere. The pandemic has heightened this sense of office as a dig site for corporate archaeologists.The most obvious object is the landline phone(固定电话), a reminder of the days when mobility meant being able to stand up and keep talking. Long after people have junked them in their personal lives - less than 15% of Americans aged between 25 and 34 had one at home in the second half of 2021- landline phones survive in offices.There might be good reasons for its persistence: they offer a more secure and stable connection than mobile phones, and no one worries that they are about to run out of battery. In practice, the habit of using them was definitely lost during the pandemic.Now they sit on desk after desk, rows of buttons unpressed, ring tones unheard.Landline phones were already well on their way out before covid-19 struck. Whiteboard charts have suffered a swifter reverse. These objects signal a particular type of pain- people physically crowded together into a room while a manager sketches a graph with a marker pen and points meaningfully to the top-right-hand corner, giving requirements never to be satisfied. This manager is still making graphs but is now much more likely to use a PowerPoint. The crowd is still being tortured but is now much more likely to be watching on the screen. The office still has whiteboards, but they are left in corners and the charts on them are slowly yellowing.Real archaeologists need tools and time to do their painstaking work: brushes, shovels and picks. Corporate archaeology is easier: you just need eyes and a memory of how things used to be. But you also need to be quick as more and more work places are revamped for the post-pandemic era. Now its time to take a careful look around the office: you may see something that will soon seem outdated.28. Why does the author refer to the office as a time capsule?A. You can travel back in time in the office.B. You can dig out what has been buried for years in the office.C. You can easily find some old-fashioned practices in the office.D. You can work with archaeologists to study the history in the office.29. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 and 4?A. Whiteboard charts went useless due to new technologies.B. More employees prefer online meetings to physical gatherings.C. Landline phones still exist in offices because they don’t need batteries.D. Many employees show a negative attitude to some routine work in companies.30. What does the underlined word “revamped”in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Transformed.B. Abandoned.C. Discovered.D. Reserved.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. The Impact of Pandemic on WorkplaceB. The Archaeology of the OfficeC. Why Landline Phones Went Outdated?D. The History of Old-fashioned Objects。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案lt isn't just the beauty of vast natural wonders like the Grand Canyon that can take your breath away. You can find awe in everyday things. A new research, published in the journal Emotion, found that older adults who took “"awe walks”felt more positive emotions in their daily lives.In the study，52 older adults aged 60 to 90 were divided randomly into two groups. They were told to take at least one 15-minute walk each week for eight weeks. Volunteers in the “awe group”were instructed in how to inspire awe as they walked. "We asked them to try to see the world with fresh eyes —to take in new details of a leaf or flower，for example,”Sturm says. For example，one participant from the awe group wrote about“the beautiful fall colors and how the leaves were no longer crunchy(嘎吱响)underfoot because of the rain”—the wonder that small children feel as they embrace their expanding world. However，people in the other group were less focused on the world around them. One participant wrote，“I thought about our vacation in Hawaii next Thursday.”In addition，participants were asked to take selfies(自拍) in the beginning, middle，and end of each walk. Researchers found that participants who took awe walks showed a "small self”，in that they filled less of their photographs with their own image and more with the background scenery. “When we feel awe，our attention shifts from focusing on ourselves to focusing on the world around us, "Sturm says." Awe affects our social relationships because it helps us to feel more connected with the world，universe，and other people.”Their smiles also grew broader by the end of the study. “We analyzed the intensity of their smiles in the selfies，and participants who took awe walks displayed greater smiles over time than those who took control walks. The former reported greater positive emotions in general，including more joy and gratitude.”Participants in the control group took more frequent walks than those people in the awe group，the researchers discovered. But walking more didn't result in positive changes in emotional health or in the way their selfies were taken. This suggests that the results were mainly due to experiencing awe，and not just in spending time exercising.32. What were participants in the “awe group" required to do in Paragraph 2?A. To take a walk each week.B. To focus on their inner world.C. To collect leaves after the rain.D. To explore with childlike curiosity.33. What can we see in the selfies from the awe walks?A. Close-up images with wide smiles.B. More attention on themselves.C. Simply the background scenery.D. Small figures with bigger smiles.34. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. Experiencing awe counts.B. More walks, more joy.C. Exercises can benefit us.D. Awe comes with walking.35. Which of the following can be the best title?A. Awe Walks Promote Your Physical FitnessB. Experiencing Awe Does Wonders for EveryoneC. Awe Walks Improve Your Positive EmotionsD. Frequent Walks Contribute to Emotional HealthDDAC【湖南长沙长郡中学2023届高三月考卷】Hundreds of native North American plants，often dismissed as weeds，deserve a lot more respect，according to a new study. These plants，distant cousins of foods like sunflowers and lettuce(莴苣)，actually represent a botanical treasure now facing increased threats from climate change and habitat loss. The crops that the human race now depends on, including grains like wheat and tree fruit like peaches，originally were selected or bred(培育)from plants that grew wild hundreds or thousands of years ago. In the U.S.，there are wild ancestors of blueberries，sweet potatoes，onions，potatoes，and many other food crops. "Some of them are quite common,”says Colin Khoury，a research scientist at theInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture. “Wild lettuce plants grow along sidewalks，or in backyards，but go unrecognized.”Other crop relatives are rare and threatened. One of Khoury's favorites is the paradoxical sun flower." It grows just in wetlands of the deserts of New Mexico and Texas. Little salty areas where there's a little bit of water beneath the soil,”he says. So plant growers crossbred it with commercial sunflowers and created new varieties that can grow in places where the soil contains more salt. Other wild relatives may be hiding similarly remarkable gifts，Khoury says，such as genes that could help their domesticated relatives survive diseases, or deal with pests.Khoury and some of his colleagues just finished a survey of about 600 wild crop relatives that grow in North America，and they found that most of these plants are threatened by things like fires，farming and development. The scientists argue that they deserve more protection. For one thing，“gene banks”should collect and preserve them. In addition，these plants need more protection in their natural habitat.According to Khoury，that doesn't necessarily mean setting aside land for them. In many cases，the plants already aregrowing on public land that's managed by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) or the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). “It's more about just being aware that these plants actually exist,”he says.28. What did the new study mainly focus on?A. Endangered plant species.B. Wild relatives of food crops.C. The impacts of climate change.D. The threats from plant habitat loss.29. What do we know about the paradoxical sunflower?A. It needs much water to grow well.B. It grows along sidewalks or in backyards.C. It seems capable of surviving various diseases.D. It helps commercial sunflowers adapt to salty soil.30. How might the scientists feel about their survey results?A. Relieved.B. Concerned.C. Annoyed.D. Critical.31. What might Khoury suggest the BLM do?A. Join hands with the USFS.B. Set aside land for wild plants.C. Collect genes of threatened crop species.D. Learn about plants on its managed land. BDBD。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案China is one of the first countries to develop a medical culture.In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adopts a vastly different approach.For thousands of years, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies (哲学)．The key behind TCM is that the human body's life is the consequence of the balance between Yin and Yang.Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and Yin is the inner base to store and provide energy.When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed, people fall ill.One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法) means insertion of needles into superficial (表面的) structures of the body —usually at acupoints (穴位) —to restore the Yin Yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion (艾灸疗法), which involves burning mugwort on or near the skin at an acupoint.The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced todayis The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon.It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the basic and most representative medical text in China.Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles. And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition. The WHO issued a document in 2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies.In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO.Presently, TCM has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of the COVID19 since its outbreak in January 2020.1．What is the key feature of TCM?A．It adopts different medical approaches.B．It's based on ancient Chinese philosophies.C．It helps to restore body's self balance.D．It's gained experience through rich practice.2．What can we learnabout The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon from the text?A．It distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion.B．It's a foundation of world medical research.C．It stresses the importance of using acupoints.D．It greatly contributes to the development of TCM.3．Why does the writer write this text?A．To review the development of TCM.B．To introduce TCM to the world.C．To tell TCM and Western medicine apart.D．To argue for TCM in fighting COVID19.4．What might be talked about in the paragraph following the text?A．How TCM helps in the current situation.B．Why TCM is gaining popularity.C．Why TCM gets recognition from WHO.D．How other countries adopt TCM.CDBACompanies like Google, Apple and Intel offer some of California’s most cutting-edge-and highest-paying-jobs. Last year, those three companies alone brought in more than 10,000 people from other countries to take those jobs.Surely it’d be simpler for them to hire closer to home. Among the key reasons they don’t is that too few Californians have the skills-in particular, the deep understanding of mathematics to qualify. It’s something the state’s new proposed math framework seeks to change.The current system of mathematics teaching in the U. S. invites few students into the richness of thought and of learning. We blunt our children’s possibilities nearly from the start, telling far too many of them at a very early age that math isn’t for them. Sometimes those communications are clear and direct; they’re planted in decisions, by schools or districts, to put students ondifferent tracks as early as third or fourth grade and teach them that math often limits how far they can go.My first assignment as a mathematics teacher was to teach 13-year-olds who had been assigned to the lower-level tracks. One girl understood the message of that ability grouping all too well. She caught me up short with the question, “Why should I bother?”The question became our shared challenge. I gave her more difficult work so she could do well on the national mathematics exam. She passed that exam, which allowed her to train to become a sound engineer.She had been told she was not good enough for mathematics-and it was not true. Too many students in California are given the same message-and it is one of the reasons the U. S. has relatively few students who are proficient in math. That’s why California’s new mathematics framework has been introduced.32. What does the author intend to show by mentioning some companies?A. Their competing advantage.B. Their hire in foreign countries.C. Their benefits from high tech.D. Their demand for staff qualification.33. What does the underlined word “blunt”mean in Paragraph 3?A. Reduce.B. Explore.C. Test.D. Accept.34. How did the girl feel about the ability grouping?A. Amused.B. Anxious.C. Helpless.D. Puzzled.35. What will be talked about next?A. Need for framework change.B. Contents of the new framework.C. Comments on the existing framework.D. Challenges from the framework making32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案How important is fish farming? Very. Although it's an ancient business, the rise of aquaculture has been one of thebiggest revolutions in food supply over the past half century.Aquaculture has made fish more affordable for consumers around the world, popularizing the consumption of what used to be expensive, and easing the pressure on hard-pressed wild stocks. Aquaculture also has many clear environmental benefits: compared with other ways of growing animal protein, it uses little or no land, and has low greenhouse emissions. And while the world has traditionally had a bad recordof regulating wild fishing, fish farming generally occurs within the boundaries of governments, meaning it should, in theory, be much easier to ensure that good practices are upheld.Crowding large numbers of fish into limited spaces means that waste products, including waste, uneaten food and dead fish, are poured into the surrounding waters, polluting them. Besides, the pesticides and drugs used to treat conditions that upset fish in concentrated numbers can also affect local wildlife.Many farmed fish are fed on other fish, so the industry also puts pressure on wild stocks：about a fifth of all caught fish, some 18 million tonnes, is used for fish oil and fishmeal production. There is also the problem of fish escaping, with potentially dangerous effects on surrounding ecosystems.In 2018 the Scottish Parliament’senvironment committee published a report into the fish farming industry’s environmental effects, stating that key problems simply hadn’t been tackled, and that the Scottish government’s plan to double salmon output by 2030 could cause “irrecoverable damage”to ecosystems. Since then, protections have been toughened. There is now more pressure from regulators to situate farms in remote, deep-water locations. Meanwhile, though, catches of Scottish wild salmon have fallen to their lowest level since records began in 1952. “There are good reasons for fish farming and real dangers to it as well. ”concludes an official. “The question is how to make it work. ”32. How has fish farming benefited people?A. It has many clear environmental effects.B. It can monitor the wild fish in 1imited areas.C. It makes it easier for more people to consume fish.D. It’s easier for the government to make fish product.33. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. The reasons for fish farming.B. The downsides of aquaculture.C. The development of sea exploring.D. The effects on surrounding ecosystems.34. What do we know about fish farming according to the Scottish report?A. The massive fish farming may damage ecosystems.B. The problems of fish farming are likely to be solved.C. The fish farming industry has no effect on environment.D. The Scottish government plans to double fish output now.35. What is the writer’s attitude towards aquaculture?A. Objective.B. Doubtful.C. Critical.D. Disapproving.Gov. Kathy Hochul's proposal to allow restaurants to sellgreat enthusiasm all across New York. But New York's liquor (酒) stores have already begun a campaign of misinformation in an effort to block this.Their basic argument is that the governor's proposal will result in an increase in underage sales, drunken driving, or any other public health problems. However, they throw these statements around without offering any support fortheir claims —because there is none.While the liquor stores frequently claim that the laws have been unchanged since the abolishment (废除) of Prohibition in 1934, in just the past 20 years the rules governing liquor stores have been changed, permitting the use of onlinethird-party delivery services and allowing stores to open on Sundays. Restaurant advocates didn't oppose these expanded privileges because they didn't have a significant impacton restaurant sales.What hasn't changed of the law since Prohibition isthe restriction on new liquor store licenses that give liquor stores a geographic territorial monopoly (垄断) to protect them from competition. Under typical circumstances, the State Liquor Authority will only issue a new liquor store license if the nearby stores report steadily increasing sales.However anti-competitive and outdated this restriction may be, it does serve as a protection against their concerns —in the very unlikely event they come to pass.Economically, the pandemic has been a major help to the liquor store business. Before the pandemic, liquor stores sold 76% of all liquor in New York State and now they sell nearly 85%. And remember, during this period, restaurants were alloweddrinks-to-go sales, showing their false claims of economic collapse are not grounded in reality or experience. Thesales shift from restaurants to liquor stores over the past two years demonstrates clearly that restaurants have lost sales toliquor stores —we just want to stop the bleeding. While the restaurant industry rebounded for a part of2021, employment still remains more than 20%below pre-pandemic levels.12. Why did liquor stores oppose the proposal according to the author?A. Threat to public health.B. Boost of underage sales.C. Concerns about their sales.D. Limitations to drinks to go.13. What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?A. Liquor stores are in a dog-eat-dog world.B. Prohibition makes liquor stores dead in the water.C. The number of liquor stores is under control.D. What liquor stores worry about is reasonable.14. What does the underlined word “their”in the last paragraph refer to?A. Restaurants.B. Governors.C. New Yorkers.D. Liquor stores.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Let restaurants sell drinks to go.B. Defend liquor stores privileges.C. Liquor industry is losing money.D. Restaurants are racing with liquor stores.。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案Age may be just a number, but it’s a number that often carries unwanted side effects, from fragile bones and weaker muscles to increased risks of heart disease and cancer. Now, scientists at the Salk Institute have shown that they can safely and effectively reverse the aging process in middle-aged and elderly mice by partially resetting their cells to more youthful states.As living creatures age, it is not just their outward appearances and health that change; every cell in their bodies carries a molecular clock (分子钟) that records the passage of time. Cells from older people or animals have different patterns of chemicals along their DNA, called epigenetic markers (表观遗传标志物), compared to younger people or animals. Scientists know that adding a mixture of four reprogramming molecules—also known as “Yamanaka factors”—to cells can reset these epigenetic markers to their original patterns. This approach is how researchers can dial back adult cells, developmentally speaking, into stem cells (干细胞).In the new study, Izpisua Belmonte, a professor in Salk’s Gene Expression Laboratory, and his colleagues tested variations of the approach in healthy animals as they aged. The first group of mice received the Yamanaka factors from the time they were 15 months old until 22 months, approximately equal to age 50 through 70 in humans. Another group was treated from 12 through 22 months, approximately age 35 to 70 in humans. And a third group was treated for just one month at age 25 months, similar to age 80 in humans.“What we really wanted to establish was that using this approach for a longer time is safe,”says Belmonte. “Indeed, we did not see any negative effects on the health, behavior or body weight of these animals. ”Compared to control animals, there were no blood cell changes in the mice that had received the Yamanaka factors. Moreover, the team found no cancers in any of the groups of animals.12. What does the underlined word “reverse”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Maintain.B. Start.C. Change.D. Quicken.13. What do we know about the Yamanaka factors?A. They consist of four reprogramming molecules.B. They can turn epigenetic markers into stem cells.C. They have been applied to lower the risk of heart disease.D. They were discovered by Izpisua Belmonte and his colleagues.14. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. The purpose of the study.B. The procedure of the study.C. The background of the study.D. The significance of the study.15. What is the purpose of the text?A. To report the result of a cancer study.B To introduce a cure for aging diseases.C. To inform a breakthrough in gene research.D. To explain the process of keeping mice young.CABCAn Edinburgh inventor has created a fully biodegradable bottle that is made from paper and a secret combination of plantmaterials, and it could help save the planet's oceans from plastic pollution and can also be eaten by sea creatures.The Edinburgh-based Durham University chemistry graduate James Longcroft started a non-profit bottled water company two years ago. He wanted to put all his profits into a charity that provided clean drinking water to countries in Africa.However, after concerns about the environmental impact of plastic bottles, Mr. Longcroft decided the Edinburgh and London-based company, Choose Water, should go plastic-free. So he came up with a new type of water bottle—a waterproof paper bottle.“The outside is made from recycled paper, but the inside has to be waterproof, and provides strength so the bottle would keep its structure, and keep the water fresh," Mr. Longcroft said.When the bottle is thrown in the ocean the degrading process begins within hours leaving the bottle totally degraded （分解）within weeks. The steel cap breaks down within a year.Mr. Longcroft now believes these novel bottles could revolutionise the industry and says the cost of producing thebottle is around 5 pence more than one made from single-use plastic.“The main difficulty we face is breaking into a saturated （饱和的）market and competing with an old industry, he said. "Changing an industry will be a big uphill battle, but with the support from the public, we will change the way we look at bottled water.”Researchers warn that eight million tonnes of plastics currently find their way into the ocean every year which will stay in the environment for centuries."We really want to get our bottles on shelves and into people's hands as soon as possible——if we can stop even one plastic bottle ending up in the environment it will be worth it,“said Mr Longcroft.12. What is special about the bottle?A. It can be recycled.B. It is plastic-free.C. It purifies sea water.D. It can be used for food.13. What does James Longcroft expect from the new bottles?A. To raise money for charity.B To keep the water freshC. To reduce ocean pollution.D. To prompt the sale of bottled water.14. What's the main challenge about the new bottles?A. They face stiff competition to enter market.B, They are more costly than plastic ones.C. They still lack in the public support.D. They take a long time to break down.15. What does the underlined word "it”in the last paragraph refer to?A. Cutting down on plastic pollution.B. Providing clean water to the public.C. Stopping the use of the plastic bottles.D. Getting people to accept the new bottles.BCAD。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案Have a hard time waking up when it’s cold out? Scientists say your brain is to blame. A study conducted by scientists from Northwestern University made it possible to offer some explanations for this phenomenon.Their study on fruit flies shows how seasonally cold and dark conditions can prohibit neurons within the fly brain that promote activity and wakefulness from sending out signals, particularly in the morning. It helps explains why, for both flies and humans, it is so hard to wake up in the morning in winter.“By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so vital to regulate sleep,”said Marco Gallio, associate professor of neurobiology in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences.The study describes for the first time “absolute cold”receptors in the fly antenna, which respond to temperature only below the fly’s “comfort zone”of about 25°C．Having recognized those neurons, the researchers followed them all theway to their targets within the brain. They found their targets are a small group of brain neurons that are part of a larger network that controls rhythms of activity and sleep. When the neurons they discovered are active, the target cells, which normally are made active by morning light, are shut down.“Temperature sensing is one of the most fundamental abilities,”said Gallio, whose group is one of only a few in the world that are systematically studying temperature sensing in fruit flies. “The principles we are finding in the fly brain, the logic and organization, may be the same all the way to humans. And future studies on human brain will surely find some reference information in this study.”5．Why is it hard for flies to wake up in cold mornings?A．Cold conditions disable the antennas of flies.B．Flics have fewer neurons in the brain than humans.C．Coldness stops flies’neurons from functioning well.D．Flies’neurons controlling wakefulness are damaged.6．What do we know about the study?A．It focuses mainly on how fly brains work.B．It helps explain how temperature affects sleep.C．It aims at solving humans’sleeping problems.D．It shows the similarities between fly brains and human brains. 7．Which part of a fruit fly will be made active when it is cold? A．Its antenna. B．Its target cells.C．Its “absolute cold”receptors. D．Its network controlling sleep.8．What’s Gallio’s attitude towards the practical value of the findings?A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Disappointed. CBCAForests have a crucial role in cooling Earth’s surface by absorbing CO2 like a sponge (海绵). But only two-thirds of their cooling power comes from their ability to suck in CO2 and store it, according to a study by Deborah Lawrence, an environmental scientist. The other one-third comes from the biophysical effects —their ability to create clouds, dampen the air and release cooling chemicals.Trees in the forests provide shade, but they also dampen the air by pulling water from the ground and releasing it from their leaves, which helps to cool the surrounding area in a way similar to sweating, Lawrence says.This, in turn, creates the right conditions for clouds, which, like snow and ice in the Arctic, can reflect sunlight higher into the atmosphere and further cool the surroundings. Trees also release organic compounds that react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to sometimes create a net cooling effect.To quantify (量化) these effects，Lawrence and her colleagues compared how the various effects of forests around the world feed into the climate system, breaking down their contributions in ranges of ten degrees of latitude (纬度). The researchers found that the world’s forests cool the surface of the planet by around 0.5℃because of biophysical effects alone.Threats to rainforests are dangerous not only for the global climate, but for communities that neighbour the forests, Lawrence says. She and her colleagues found that the cooling caused by biophysical effects was especially significant locally. Having a rainforest nearby can help to protect an area’s agriculture and cities from heatwaves, Lawrence says. “Everytenth of a degree matters in limiting extreme weather. And where you have forests, the extremes are minimized.”This study confirms that forests have other significant ways of affecting the climate systm, giving us more reasons why deforestation is bad for the climate. It could enable scientists to improve their climate models, while helping governments to work out better conservation and climate strategies.32. What does the underlined word “This”in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. The tree leaves in forests.B. The shade provided by trees.C. The surrounding area in forests.D. The water circulation done by trees.33. How did Lawrence quantify the biophysical effects of forests?A. By removing some other factors.B. By comparing data of different times.C. By studying the contributions separately.D. By measuring the temperature in different places.34. What is the significance of Lawrence’s study?A. It develops a new climate model.B. It matters in limiting extreme weather.C. It highlights the dangers of deforestation.D. It provides a scientific basis for conservation efforts.35. What’s the best title of the text?A. Forests: More Than a Carbon SpongeB. Forests: The Disappearing Green LungC. Forests: Major Players in Carbon CyclesD. Forests: Guardians of Local CommunitiesDCDA。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案[2021·山东省泰安市高三卷]High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an inclass experiment.For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call that appeared on their phones. Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student anxiety. “One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150！”she said.Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University in California, said it is not a coincidence that youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones. “This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and faceto-face interactions necessary for their growth，”she said.Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. But nearly 60 percent of parents said they worry about the influence of social media on their child's physical and mental health.Both schools and parents are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students' social media activity for signs of anxiety. Other schools invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help calm students.1．What's the purpose of Chavis's experiment?A．To see how many students have smartphones.B．To find out how popular her students are.C．To show smartphones influence teenagers greatly.D．To tell her students how to use smartphones wisely.2．How did Kelly Chavis feel about the result?A．Shocked. B．Excited.C．Satisfied. D．Frightened.3．Which of the following is true according to Jean Twenge?A．Students are now under great stress.B．Students spend too much money on smartphones.C．Overusing phones cause drops in students' grades.D．Overusing phones may harm students' body and mind.4．What might be talked about if the passage is continued?A．How other schools deal with students' phones.B．Whether the ways to handle phones are effective.C．How some parents deal with their children's phones.D．Whether students are willing to give up using phones. CADC[2021·安徽高三模拟试题]For years, many Americans have thought of owning their home as part of the American dream, but whether that includes dividing a single family home into two will be tested in some communities, especially in dense (密集的) areas.Samirah, a lawmaker, proposed a bill to let homeowners divide a single family house into two homes. “After the local approval processthey can create their two families，” he said. That's happening on the west Coast, Oregon being the first state in the country to ban single-family zoning last July.Planning experts and local officials say there are costs to developing land outside cities, including harmful effects on the environment and increased demand for public services.Moving away from singlefamily zoning won't be easy. At some level, that development pattern is uniquely American. People who have lived and grown up in suburban developments have a strong preference for that. The average size of American houses has doubled since the 1950s. In 2019, the average size of a new single family home was 240 square meters. Americans clearly like their space, 80% of those questioned saying they desire a separate singlefamily home.Lots of younger households are looking for smaller homes in walkable neighborhoods. “Increasingly, the development com munity is beginning to recognize that and thinking about ways to build those environments，” says Robert Parker, a director at the University of Oregon.Samirah expects some people will worry their neighborhoods could become less desirable. But he says changing the rules will givepeople a chance to make money from renting out parts of their home. And for older Americans on a fixed income, bringing in more money may help them stay in place.Samirah adds that the suburban way of life is going to be there for generations.5．What did Samirah put forward?A．A bill allowing people to divide family houses.B．A process for locals to get approval for shelters.C．A strict ban on building singlefamily houses.D．A suggestion to develop suburban areas in the US.6．Why is it difficult to change single family houses?A．Land is scarce for the construction of many cottages.B．The average size of single houses has been reduced.C．Most Americans wouldn't rent part of their houses.D．A majority of Americans prefer single family houses.7．What can we infer from Robert's words?A．He has succeeded realizing his American dream.B．He wants the suburban way of life to go on for long.C．He's hopeful of the future of dividing family houses.D．He sees the harm of single houses to the environment.8．Which of the following can be the title for the text?A．Single Family Homes Are Losing People's FavorB．American Family Homes Are Changing TrendsC．Single Family Homes Are Appealing to the YoungD．Traditional Family Houses Are Standing FirmADCB。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案Doug Falter, an American photographer, returned home, teary-eyed and exhausted. He pouted online that evening, "I lost my baby." That "baby" referred to a surfboard that had been custom-made for him. Hours earlier, a big wave had separated Falter from this prized possession.Months passed with no sign of the surfboard. Falter saved money to buy a new surfboard for $ 1,500. But Falter never completely forgot the surfboard, which - six months later and more than 5,000 miles away from where it disappeared-floated to the southern Philippines.The local fisherman who found it didn't have much use of his unusual catch of the day, so he sold the board for $ 40 to Giovanne Branzuela, an elementary school teacher. Branzuela hoped to learn to surf and one day share the skill with his students,who regularly accompany him on beach clean-ups.The once-blue board had faded to a pale straw color during its journey, but its distinctive markings were still there: twoelephants, one at either end. Underneath the elephants were the words "Doug Falter Surfboard".Branzuela couldn't believe it on realizing how far the surfboard had traveled. He reached Falter online and sent him a photo of the surfboard. Falter was shocked to learn that his "baby"had drifted(漂流) across the world's largest ocean and survived. He was overjoyed.But the story was far from over. Falter wanted to thank Branzuela with some surfing supplies for his kind act, but the teacher asked for school supplies instead, such as backpacks for his students and materials to help them learn English.Falter said it made him raise money for the kids. So far, he has collected $ 2,500,which he has used to buy and ship maps, puzzles, classroom posters, textbooks, and workbooks.4. What happened to Doug Falter that afternoon?A. His baby was lost on the beach.B. The sea carried away his surfboard.C. He took excellent photos of the surf.D. His custom-made camera was damaged.5. Why did Giovanne Branzuela buy the surlboard?A. He liked the pale straw color of it.B. He found it belonged to Doug Falter.C. He found the fisherman charged low for it.D. He wanted to learn a new skill to teach his students.6. What can we infer about the surfboard?A. Branzuela kept it as a prized possession.B. Branzuela's students learned surfing with it.C. It was returned to its owner after a long journey.D. Falter sold it to help Philippine children.7. Which of the following can best describe Giovanne Branzuela?A. Selfless.B. Merciful.C. Generous.D. Knowledgeable.The life story of the human species goes back a million years, and there is no doubt that man came only recently to the western hemisphere. None of the thousands of sites of aboriginal (土著的) habitation uncovered in North and South America has antiquity comparable to that of old World sites. Man’s occupation of the New World may date several tens of thousands of years, but no one rationally argues that he has been here even 100,000 years.Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass. With one or two notable exceptions, however, students of American anthropology soon settled for the plausible idea that the first immigrants came b way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest corner of North America across the Bering Strait. Mariners were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow –it is 56 miles wide –but also shallow, a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the straitinto an isthmus (地峡). With little eels in the way of evidence to sustain the Bering Strait land bridge, anthropologists (人类学家) embraced the idea that man walked dryshod (不湿鞋的) from Asia to America.Toward the end of the last century, however, it became apparent that the Western Hemisphere was the New World not only for man but also for a host of animals and plants. Zoologists and botanists showed that numerous subjects of their respective kingdoms must have originated in Asia and spread to America. These findings were neither astonishing nor wholly unexpected. Such spread of populations is not to be envisioned as an exodus or mass migration, even in the case of animals. It is, rather, a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions. But the immense traffic in plant and animal’s forms placed a heavy burden on the Bering Strait land bridge as the anthropologists ahead envisioned it. Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.1.The movement of plants and animals form Asia to America indicates ______.A.that they could not have traveled across the Bering StraitB.that Asia and the Western hemisphere were connected by a large land massC.that the Bering Sea was an isthmus at one timeD.that migration was in the one direction only2.The author is refuting the notion that _____.A.life arose in America independently of life in EuropeB.the first settlers in America came during the sixteenth centuryC.a large continent once existed which has disappearedD.man was a host to animals and plants3.By using the words “boxed the compass “(in Line 7) the author implies that _____.A.the migration of mankind was from West to EastB.the migration of mankind was from East to WestC.mankind traveled in all directionsD.mankind walked from Asia to America4.One reason for the migration not mentioned by the author is _____.A.overcrowdingB.favorable environmental conditionsC.famineD.the existence of a land bridge5.We may assume that in the paragraph that follows this passage the author argues about______.A.the contributions of anthropologistB.the contributions of zoologists and botanistsC.the contributions made by the American IndiansD.the existence of a large land mass between Asia and North America。