2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精选训练含答案yo

2023年名校版高考英语阅读理解冲刺精选训练题库含答案The rapid pace of global warming and its effect on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal (传播) by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant. Writing in Nature, Juan P. Gonzalez-Varo sheds light on the potential capacity of migratory birds to aid seed dispersal.Gonzalez- Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds. They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe.The authors hypothesized (假定) that the direction of seed migration depends on how the plants interact with migratorybirds, the frequency of these interactions or the number of bird species that might transport seeds from each plant species.Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree (系统进化树), might benefit from long distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset (小组) of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter. This means that the ability of plants to keep up with climate change could be shaped by their evolutionary history —implying that future plant communities in the Northern Hemisphere will probably come from plant species that are phylogenetically closely related and that have migrated from the south.This study provides a great example of how migratory birds might assist plant redistribution to new locations that would normally be difficult for them to reach on their own, and which might offer a suitable climate.28. Why are the rapid pace of global warming and its effect mentioned in Paragraph 1?A. To call on the public to help with seed dispersal.B. To show the threat of climate change on our nature.C. To provide the background of Gonzalez-Varo’s research.D. To explain why some animals can adapt to climate change.29. How did Gonzalez-Varo and his colleagues conduct the research?A. By analyzing related data.B. By conducting field research.C. By observing migrating birds.D. By reviewing previous findings.30. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. The evolutionary history of different plants proves to be similar.B. Almost all plant species gain benefits from long-distance dispersal.C. Plants with longer fruiting times adapt better when transported farther.D. Plant communities in different hemispheres will be less and less related.31. What is the passage mainly about?A. Different ways to redistribute plants to new climates.B. Impacts of climate change on migratory birds and plants.C. Plants are struggling to keep pace with the climate change.D. Migratory birds aid redistribution of plants to new climates.Do you play video games? If so, you aren’t alone. Video games are becoming more common and are increasingly enjoyed by adults. The average age of gamers has been increasing and was estimated to be 35 in 2016. Changing technology also means that more people are exposed to video games. A new breed of casual gamers has come, who play on smart phones and tablets at spare moments throughout the day. But do they have any effect on our brains and behavior?Over the years, the media have made various claims about video games and their effect on our health and happiness. “Games have sometimes been praised or demonized, often without real data backing up those claims. Moreover, gaming is a popular activity, so everyone seems to have strong opinions on the topic,”says Marc Palaus, who with his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had appeared from the research to date concerning how video games affect the structure and activity of our brains. They collected the results from 116 scientific studies, 22 of which looked at structural changes in the brain and 100 of which looked at changes in brain functionality and behavior.The studies show that paying video games can change how our brains perform, and even their structure. For example, playing video games affects our attention, and some studies found that gamers show improvements in several types of attention, such as sustained attention or selective attention. Video games can also be addictive, and this kind of addiction is called “Internet gaming disorder”. Researchers have found functional and structural changes in the neural reward system in gaming addicts. These neural changes are basically the same as those seen in other addictive disorders.So, what do all these brain changes mean? “We focused on how the brain reacts to video game exposure, but these effects do not always translate to real-life changes,”says Palaus. As video games are still quite new, the research into their effects is still in its babyhood.32. What factor causes a new breed of casual gamers to appear?A. Video games become more and more attractive.B. The pressure from work becomes bigger and bigger.C. Modern adults are usually very curious about new things.D. The advanced technology makes games easily accessible.33. What does Palaus’s research mainly focus on?A. What effects video games have on gamers’brains.B. Which brain regions are affected by video games.C. How video games affect health and happiness.D. Why video games influence gamers’brains.34. According to the research, why do some gamers get addicted to video games?A. Because their memory systems are disturbed.B. Because their sustained attention is improved.C. Because their neural reward systems are changed.D. Because the inner structure of their brain is changed.35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Addiction to video games will effect our daily life.B. The influence of video games needs a further study.C. There should be certain laws to regulate video games.D. Video game exposure brings harm instead of benefits.When she first came to Britain as a refugee (难民) from Nigeria six years ago, Kemi had a three-month-old daughter, a room in a shared house and ￡5.39 to survive on each day. Finding money for new clothes was out of the question.After four years, Kemi was granted (给与) refugee status and secured her first job interview — unsurprisingly, she had nothing to wear. However, she was referred to a small socialenterprise called Give Your Best, which asked her her size and what kind of clothes she liked. “And they gave me three beautiful shirts. Those clothes were like gold to me. They asked me what I actually wanted. That makes you feel valued.”The initiative was launched by Sol Escobar, who had spent several years volunteering at refugee camps in northern France.A friend put her in contact with a household of refugee women who couldn’t access any clothing. Escobar realised she had surplus (剩余) clothes she could donate, and appealed to her friends and networks for help. She was flooded with offers, but didn’t want to overload the women with potentially improper clothing. “So I thought, if I take photos of all of these items and put them on an Instagram page, they can all choose the things that they actually want.”Eighteen months later, Give Your Best has processed almost 11,000 items of clothing, and has more than 800 refugee women approved to “shop”for free on its virtual shopfront. It is aiming for much more, however. Having reached the very limit of donations and requests it could handle through Instagram, the enterprise has just launched a new digital platform that will allow it to hugely upscale.Like the hugely successful clothing resale app, clothes are photographed and uploaded to Give Your Best, where customers select those they like and donors then post the item. Crucially, however, no money changes hands.As well as giving choice to its users and minimising fashion waste, Escobar says one consequence has been the small but intimate (亲密的) connections established between donor and shopper. Many donors choose to include a supportive note and a small gift —hugely welcomed by recipients (接受者), but also a reminder that “on the other side of your package, there’s a woman who is your size and has your fashion sense, because she’s shopping from your wardrobe (衣橱)”.8. What’s the purpose of the enterprise?A. To offer job training to refugees.B. To provide childcare for refugees.C. To give refugees dignity of choice.D. To strengthen refugees’social position.9. What does paragraph 3 focus on?A. How the enterprise survived.B. How the enterprise advertised.C. How the enterprise was named.D. How the enterprise was initiated.10. What do we learn about the enterprise from the text?A. It is warmly received.BIt is difficult to operate.C. It makes huge profits.D. It needs to be more creative.11. What does the enterprise bring to its donors and recipients?A Enjoyable shopping experience.B. A sense of social responsibility.C. Close interpersonal relationship.D. A good insight into fashion trend.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读训练含答案A man wearing sunglasses grabs the mic and stands in a relaxed posture ready to make the audience laugh. Seeing how easily he moves, one can hardly notice that the stylish comedian, Gao Xiang, has any problems with vision.Gao was diagnosed with the rare eye disease —Stargardt. Initially, he refused to accept the cruel situation. He kept escaping the fact until 2013, when he could use the computer more efficiently with the help of special programs designed to help visually disabled people . Consequently, he got the courage to be frank about his and found that people didn' t care about the problem as he had imagined. His working ability also helped remove any feelings of inferiority that he had. He tried to become mentally stronger to accept reality and get his life back on track.Two years ago, he decided to become a full-time stand-up comedian. What has been motivating Gao to be so active in the comedy industry is his eagerness to draw the public;s attention to the disease. "As it is a rare disease, medical institutions and companies might lack the driving force to make great efforts to finda cure,“ he says. want to unite the patients in China and voice out loud our urgent demands/1Besides, he and two friends launched a public account on WeChat called Stargardt Care Center, through which they share inspiring stories of people suffering from the eye disorder, instructions for those on how to use computers and translations of foreign essays that explore the possibilities of curing the disease. By now, the account has managed to attract more than 1, 000 Stargardt patients and their family members. And some Non- Governmental Organisations also have got in touch with them to see if they could provide help to the community."Stand-up comedy has saved me and enabled me to meet interesting people and do what is worth doing,“ Gao says.4.What does the underlined word “inferiority" in paragraph 2 mean?A.Being proud.B.Being bored.C. Being unconfident.D. Being modest.5.What drove Gao to become a comedian?A.His eagerness for money.B.His faith in challenging himself.C.His ability in performance.D.His desire to fight the disease.6.What can people do with the Gao z s public account?A.The visually disabled can learn computer skills.B.Experts can provide medical help for the patients.C.Patients can read original articles about the disease.edians can post jokes to meet interesting people.7.Which of the following could best describe Gao Xiang?A. Sensible and tolerant.8.Positive and inspiring.9.Talented and aggressive.10.Enthusiastic and punctual.CDABMercy Baggs is reflecting on her future. "Should I live to 95, Iwould do another parachute jump, " she says. She first jumped when she was 77 in honor of her achievements as mayor of the Wiltshire town of Caine. Then she jumped again last March, a day before her 90th birthday, to raise funds for Wiltshire air ambulance.“This is the thrill of it, " she says. "You go up, and then that door opens and the wind starts to come through. You free-fall for a long time. " She has always enjoyed risks since she was a child, when people used to look down on her. But nobody does now.As a child, she lived in poverty and also went through ups and downs, am very sensitive to people who are more unfortunate, " Baggs says. As a young adult, she joined the British Transport Commission police, but dealing with children who couldn't find their parents was too much to bear. knew what they were going through. I like kids. I really do. " Later she left the police and worked in Wiltshire council. But no doubt her childhood fed into her actions as a councillor, and later mayor in Caine, where she helped to set up a drop-in centre for young people. The drop-in was one of the causes she raised money for with that first leap out of the plane.But why a parachute jump? At the time, her late husband, John, was ill with bowel cancer. He said, do wish you wouldn't do it. " She said, "John, it's life. I've got to do something."Baggs has never been fazed by ageing. She says that she wanted “to show that you don't have to sit on your backside knitting or watching television all the time. There's a world out there. There's a life out there. " She hopes for at least one more skydive, maybe a go on a lOOmph zip wire and "a peaceful end”.4.Why did Mercy Baggs make her first parachute jump?A.To celebrate her 90h birthday.B.To make others look up to her.C. To raise funds for an air ambulance.D. To mark her term of office as mayor.5.What impact did her childhood experiences make on her career?A.She did parachute jumps as a part-time job.B.She showed great concern for unlucky children.C.She found it very tough to work with young people.D.She left the drop-in centre and prepared a run for mayor.6.What does the underlined word "fazed“ mean in the last paragraph?A.Disturbed.B.Abandoned.C.Witnessed.D.Embarrassed.A.What does Baggs intend to convey with one more jump?A. It is never too old to learn.B.Enjoy life with her family.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.Be brave to face challenges in life.DBAD以上就是本文的全部内容。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案（2022淄博二模卷）Online learning is a term used to describe distance courses that are offered over the Internet. The courses cover a wide range of subjects and audiences. This educational method is growing in popularity as an economical method of providing access to education for a large population.There are two types of online course access: open and restricted. Open access allows actually anyone with an Internet user to view the course material. This type of online learning does not require interaction with an instructor. The material covered can range from very specific instructions to university level courses. This initiative removes the barriers to advanced knowledge and allows anyone with the interest to learn. The other type of online courses are restricted accesscourses. Restricted access is used to limit the class to registered students. These courses offer instructor interaction and are typically the method used by courses that require grades upon graduation.It is more efficient for both the educator and the student to access course materials online. From the educator aspect, the course lectures can be recorded once and reused. This greatly reduced the staff time and costs. Meanwhile, online courses allow students to complete coursework from a wide range of locations and remove the time restriction to access course lectures. Students are no longer required to travel to the class and many course materials are included in the fee. The material for online courses has been carefully reviewed and approved before the course is offered. Many introduction and courses do not change, as the material is fixed. As a result, the courses are stable and can be reused as needed.Technology continues to expand to meet the needs of online students. These tools include mobile audio and video viewers, improved online interactive tests, and tool and course management software. The continued development in this area will further enhance the quality of online courses and encourage more people to further their education.12. Why is online learning winning more recognition?A. It is cost-effective.B. It is free to access.C. No teacher is required.D. Education is getting more important.13. What do we learn about restricted access?A. Learners are required to register.B. Learners can learn without evaluation.C. It is intended for advanced learners only.D. It has no interaction with an instructor.14. What is paragraph 3 mainly about online courses?A. The participants.B. The time restrictions.C. The advantages.D. The ever-changing materials.15. How does the author feel about the future of online learning?A. Challenging.B. Critical.C. Worrying.D. Promising.AACDResearchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again. The lower bodies of the three patients were left paralyzed after they suffered spinal (脊柱的) cord injuries. But a device implanted in the spinal cord was able to send electrical signals to the muscles to permit them to stand, walk and exercise.Scientists have discovered that neuron s—which receive and send signals for muscle movements—often still work in injured patients with serious spinal cord injuries. However, past research into spinal cord injuries has centered on the stimulation of neurons. Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it sends signals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement. When the spinal cord receives the brain signals,it stimulate s a collection of nerve cells thatcan activate different muscles.The researchers reported that all three patients who got the spinal cord implant s were able to take their first steps within an hour after receiving them. Over the next six months, the patients regained the ability to take part in more advanced walking activities, the study found. They were also able to ride bicycles and swim in community settings.Unlike other attempts to help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves through the back of the spine, Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting and activation of spinal cord areas, he said.The team then developed artificial intelligence (AI) systems linked to the device. The AI controls electrodes on the device to send signals to stimulate individual nerves that control muscles needed for walking and other activities. However, because the patients muscles were weak from not being used, they needed help with supporting their weight, the researchers said. It also took some time for them to learn to work with the technology. Still，Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their muscles, the more fluid it becomes.”12. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A. Neurons in paralyzed patients can’t work.B. Paralyzed men recovered using a new device.C. The new device can imitate the brain to send signals.D. Stimulating the neurons is the focus of the latest research.13. How does the new device stimulate the spinal cord areas more directly?A. By using the AI system.B. By sending the signals to the brain.C. By making signals enter the spine from the sides.D. By stimulating nerves through the back of the spine.14. Which can best describe Bloch’s idea in the last paragraph?A. Practice makes perfect.B. It’s hard to please all.C. Every garden has its weeds.D. Put the cart before the horse.15. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce the findings of a recent research.B. To report the consequence of spinal cord injuries.C. To recommend a treatment for paralyzed patients.D. To compare a recent research with other previous researches.12. C 13. C 14. A 15. A。

2023年名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案Here in the middle of London, something extraordinary is going on. You can hear a loud and unmistakable sound of bees doing what they do best: making honey.What’s more,they’re performing their magic, not inthe leafy acres of nearby park, but up on the balcony of St Ermin’s Hotel. Whereas most urban residences would do their best to keep sting-bearing insects as far away from guests as possible, this hotel opens its doors to the capital’s bees. Theperson who tends this “Bee Hotel”is Camilla Goddard. “In the long run, bees are amazing creatures to work with. You can’t help admiring the way they operate. They really do put the good of the community first,”she says.As well as providing an enjoyable pastime, modern beekeeping is becoming increasingly critical. According to the British Beekeepers Association (BBKA), 70 different UK crops depend on bees for pollination (授粉). Without bees toprovide pollination, one-third of all our food wouldn’t survive. During the Second World War, Winston Churchill was a firm supporter of bees and made sure they got extra supplies to carry on with their pollination work, even as the German army dropped their bombs.“Bees are in danger of disappearing from our environment,”warns Tim Lovett of the BBKA. Today, bee numbers are down by 50 per cent. Using more and more land, agricultural industry reduces spots where bees can live. Crop-protecting pesticides have also led to high death rate of bees. Another blow was an Asian species that first arrived in Devon and then spread across the country. It settled on the bees and not only weakened their immune system but caused their wings to deform (变畸形) so that flying became impossible.Anxious about the decline of beekeeping, the BBKA has produced a school information pack entitled “Bees inthe Curriculum”. Once the children have been around bees for a while, they understand the service that bees provide for us, rather than seeing them as the source of stings.12. What do we know about Camilla Goddard?A. She has never got bee stings herself.B. She tries to make her guests bee-free.C. She admires the way in which bees live.D. She owns a bee hotel in a London suburb.13. Why is Winston Churchill mentioned in paragraph 3?A. To criticize the cruelty of war.B. To change the role of bees in the war.C. To highlight the value of bee pollination.D. To awaken the consciousness of saving crops.14. Which is a direct cause of the reduction of bee habitats?A. Modern agriculture.B. Foreign species invasion.C. Hunting from humans.D. Crop-protecting pesticides.15. What’s the best title for the text?A. The number of bees is decreasing sharplyB. Modern beekeeping is ensuring our futureC. Bee Hotel is changing bees’fate in the UKD. Children are educated about the value of beesAn increasingly popular way of eating called reducetarianism may sound like a new weight loss trend. But that’s not the goal; instead, reducetarianism is about cutting down the amount of meat you eat and making small changes that are healthy for you and the planet. “But the vast majority don’t want to go vegan”, says Brian Kateman, co-founder of the Reducetarian Foundation. So he has a simple message for us: “Don’t let perfection be the enemy of the good.”Compared with a vegetarian, reducetarians take a more flexible approach that acknowledges challenges of giving up meat entirely but still limits meat when possible.The opposite side of eating less meat is eating more plant foods. Animal products often replace fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains, leading to lack of nutrients from them. A moreplant-based diet can help lower the risk of health problems including heart disease, colon cancer, and obesity. And research shows the climate toll from raising plant-based foods is less than that caused by animal-based foods. This is largely because it takes much more land, water, and other resources to produce a pound of meat than plant protein, says Dana Ellis, a dietitian.The type of meat you buy matters too. Grass-fed meat—from animals raised without antibiotics (抗生素)—tend to be the more sustainable options. By grazing, cows encourage grass growth and nutrient turnover in the soil, which may help offset cattle’s climate impact, according to a study published in 2021.Looking for local produce that requires no air transport and cutting down the food waste are also significant aspects of being a reducetarian. The message of reducetarianism is that you don’t have to be perfect to help yourself and the planet by making small changes in how you eat and shop for food. And that’s something we all can accomplish.8. What does reducetarianism refer to?A. A novel weight loss trend.B. A healthy diet with little meat.C. An idea of accepting imperfection.D. An approach to being a vegetarian.9. Why should eating more plant foods be encouraged?A. It helps to free people from diseases.B. It guarantees all the nutrients needed.C. It allows people to obtain more protein.D. It causes less damage to the environment.10. Who is more likely to be a reducetarian according to the passage?A. A meat loverB. A cow raiser.C. A keen environmentalist.D. A devoted vegetarian.11. What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?A. Local produce can offer more nutrition.B. Reducetarianism is something imperfect.C. Any amount of food waste should be avoided.D. Small changes in diet better man and the earth.。

2023年名校版高考英语阅读理解冲刺精选训练题库含答案Honeybees fly much longer distances in the summer than in the spring and autumn to find good sources of food, a new study has found.Researchers at Sussex University spent two years decoding the “waggle (摇摆) dance”of honeybees, a form of communication by which the bees tell their nestmates where to go to get the best source of food to bring back to the hive (蜂箱).By measuring the angle of the dance in relation to the sun and the length of time the bee waggled its body while moving in a figure of eight pattern, researchers have been able to map the distance and location where bees forage (觅食) from month to month.With a one second waggle equal to a foraging distance of 750 metres, the bees dance language revealed that the area they covered in search of food is about 22 times greater in the summer (July and August) than in spring (March) and six times greater in summer than in the autumn (October). In the summerthe area they cover is 15.2km sq, compared to 0.8km in spring and 5.1km in the autumn.Honeybees will not waste valuable time and energy travelling to find food if they don’t need to, so the researchers say the results show that the summer is the most challenging season for bees to collect the nectar and pollen from flowers.“There is a large quantity of flowers in the spring and autumn, but it is harder for them to locate good blocks of flowers in the summer because agricultural intensification means there are fewer wildflowers in the countryside for bees,”said Frances Ratnieks, author of the study.The researchers say the results can be used to focus efforts to help bees better. “The bees are telling us where they are foraging so we can now understand how best to help them by planting more flowers for them in the summer,”said Ratnieks.12. What is the recent research mainly about?A. Sources of honeybee food.B. The honeybee dance language.C. Honeybees’eating behaviour.D. Relationship between honeybees.13. What makes summer the most challenging season for bees to find food?A. The high wind.B. The strong heat.C. Lengthening days.D. Shortage of flowers.14. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the research finding?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Its practical application.C. Expectations for future studies.D. Scientists with new perspectives.15. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. Honeybees are really highly intelligentB. Scientists decode honeybee “waggle dance”C. Lack of food sources puts honeybees at riskD. Why summers are bad news for honeybeesThe deep-sea oil and gas industry has vast and costly facilities to maintain. Wells, other equipment, and thousands of kilometers of pipelines must be inspected and repaired.Now, cutting-edge underwater drones (无人机) and robots are being developed that could make the work safer and cheaper. Among them is Eelume, a six-meter-long, snake-like robot equipped with sensors and a camera at each end. It can be kept at a station at depths of up to half a kilometer for six months, without being brought back to the surface. The robot can travel up to 20 kilometers before needing to return to its station to recharge.Maintenance work at many deep-water wells and pipeline systems is already carried out by unmanned vehicles. But these vehicles typically need to be transported to the offshore site on a fully crewed ship and then remotely operated from onboard the surface ship. That can cost up to $100,000 per day, according toPål Liljebäck, chief technology officer w ith Eelume Subsea Intervention, which developed the robot. Liljebäck says that by “enabling the robot to become a subsea resident living at a station, it can be mobilized at any time to do inspections, thereby reducing the need for costly surface ships”.Eelume can work autonomously on tasks assigned from a control room onshore, and send back video and data. Its snake-like design allows it to work in small spaces and wriggle (扭动) its body to stay in place in strong currents. By staying under the sea, it can carry out tasks whatever the conditions on the surface of the ocean.The global underwater robotics market is expected to be worth around $7 billion in 2025, according to analysts, and other companies are in the process of commercializing new deep-sea drone and robot technology. Eelume Subsea Intervention will carry out final testing on the seabed later this year at the Åsgard oil and gas field. It expects to put its first snake robots into use next year and hopes to have up to 50 in oceans around the world by 2027.12. What is one feature of Eelume?A. It can travel nearly 40 kilometers before recharging.B. It can dive as deep as 500 meters.C. It works mainly around the station.D. It works for 6 months on one charge.13. What is the problem with unmanned vehicles?A. They are too costly to maintain.B. They are hard to operate remotely.C. They require transportation to and from work.D. They have to work on a fully crewed ship all the time.14. What can be expected of Eelume in the future?A. It will require no further tests.B. It will be worth around $ 7 billion.C. It will be put on the market in 2027.D. It will face a lot of competitors.15. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A snake robot is on its way for underwater tasks.B. Eelume is the new choice for constructing pipelines.C. Maintenance work on the ocean floor is a risky job.D. Unmanned vehicles marketing has seen strong growth.When she first came to Britain as a refugee (难民) from Nigeria six years ago, Kemi had a three-month-old daughter, a room in a shared house and ￡5.39 to survive on each day. Finding money for new clothes was out of the question.After four years, Kemi was granted (给与) refugee status and secured her first job interview —unsurprisingly, she had nothing to wear. However, she was referred to a small social enterprise called Give Your Best, which asked her her size and what kind of clothes she liked. “And they gave me three beautiful shirts. Those clothes were like gold to me. They asked me what I actually wanted. That makes you feel valued.”The initiative was launched by Sol Escobar, who had spent several years volunteering at refugee camps in northern France.A friend put her in contact with a household of refugee women who couldn’t access any clothing. Escobar realised she had surplus (剩余) clothes she could donate, and appealed to her friends and networks for help. She was flooded with offers, but didn’t want to overload the women with potentially improper clothing. “So I thought, if I take photos of all of these items and put them on an Instagram page, they can all choose the things that they actually want.”Eighteen months later, Give Your Best has processed almost 11,000 items of clothing, and has more than 800 refugee women approved to “shop”for free on its virtual shopfront. It is aiming for much more, however. Having reached the very limit of donations and requests it could handle through Instagram, the enterprise has just launched a new digital platform that will allow it to hugely upscale.Like the hugely successful clothing resale app, clothes are photographed and uploaded to Give Your Best, where customers select those they like and donors then post the item. Crucially, however, no money changes hands.As well as giving choice to its users and minimising fashion waste, Escobar says one consequence has been the small but intimate (亲密的) connections established between donor and shopper. Many donors choose to include a supportive note and a small gift —hugely welcomed by recipients (接受者), but also a reminder that “on the other side of your package, there’s a woman who is your size and has your fashion sense, because she’s shopping from your wardrobe (衣橱)”.8. What’s the purpose of the enterprise?A. To offer job training to refugees.B. To provide childcare for refugees.C. To give refugees dignity of choice.D. To strengthen refugees’social position.9. What does paragraph 3 focus on?A. How the enterprise survived.B. How the enterprise advertised.C. How the enterprise was named.D. How the enterprise was initiated.10. What do we learn about the enterprise from the text?A. It is warmly received.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It makes huge profits.D. It needs to be more creative.11. What does the enterprise bring to its donors and recipients?A. Enjoyable shopping experience.B. A sense of social responsibility.C. Close interpersonal relationship.D. A good insight into fashion trend.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Dutch company Light year has designed an electric car that can travel up to 70 kilometers a day on solar power alone. The company hopes the car can provide an efficient alternative for environmentally friendly travel with less need to rely on special charging facilities.The car has been named Light year 0, after the company's goal to have the world drive the distance of one light-year on solar power by 2035. It will be the world's first production-ready car powered partly by the sun.With five square meters of solar panels on the roof and cover of the vehicle,the car's battery can charge ten kilometers of range for every hour of sunshine while parked or driving. The car can also be charged from a regular home power socket just like any electric vehicle. However, to charge more quickly, electric vehicles need special charging facilities. And Light year CEO Lex Hoefsloot believes that current charging facilities won't be able to keep up with the growing demand for electric cars. So Light year 0 steps in.Using the sun as a power source means the Light year 0 can be driven for weeks or months without needing to charge the battery—depending on the distance you drive each day. For a daily commute（通勤）of 35 kilometers in a sunny country，the car won't need charging for up to seven months,according to the developers.In cloudy climates like in the Netherlands,the car would need charging an average of every two months, they say. Without solar power, the range of the battery alone is estimated at about 625 kilometers.Although saving money on fuel is a long-term benefit of the Light year 0, the immediate costs are pretty high. With the first models costing $ 262,000, the car is four times more expensive than the Tesla Model 3 Long Range, which can drive about 575 kilometers on a single charge. Light year says it aims to release a cheaper model by 2025,which it hopes will cost around $31,000.32.What do we know about Light year 0 from the first two paragraphs?A.It can only be powered by the sun.B.It can drive the distance of one light-year.C.It will be further tested before mass production.D.It reduces the dependency on charging facilities.33.Why is Light year 0 designed according to Lex Hoefsloot?A.To cut down the cost of current cars.B. To market more advanced electric cars.C.To ease the shortage of charging devices.D.To ensure the driving safety of electric cars.34.What is an advantage of Light year 0 according to Paragraph 4?A.It can avoid frequent recharging.B.It is best for long-distance travel.C.Its battery doesn't need charging.D.It can reach the speed of 625 km/h.35.What is the best title for the text?A.Vehicles Designed to Save MoneyB.Tesla Model 3 Aiming to Be CheaperC.Electric Cars Powered on Solar EnergyD.Vehicles Needing Special Charging FacilitiesAs Christmas approached, the price of turkey went wild. It didn’t rocket, as some might suggest. Nor did it crash. It just started waving. We live in the age of the variable prices. In the eyes of sellers, the right price—the one that will draw themost profit from consumers’wallets—has become the focus of huge experiments. These sorts of price experiments have become a routine part of finding that right price.It may come as a surprise that, in buying a pie, you might be participating in a carefully designed social-science experiment. But this is what online comparison shopping has brought. Simply put, the convenience to know the price of anything, anytime, anywhere, has given us, the consumers, so much power that sellers—in a desperate effort to regain the upper hand, or at least avoid extinction—are now staring back through the screen. They are trying to “comparison shopping”us.They have enough means to do so: the huge data tracks you leave behind whenever you place something in your online shopping cart with top data scientists capable of turning the information into useful price strategies, and what onetech economist calls “the ability to experiment on a scale that’s unimaginable in the history of economics.”In result, not coincidentally, normal pricing practices—an advertised discount off the “list price,”two for the price of one, or simply “everyday low prices”are giving way to far more crazy strategies.“In the Internet era, I don’t think anyone could have predicted how complicated these strategies have become,”says Robert Dolan, a professor at Harvard. The price of a can of soda in a vending machine can now vary with the temperature outside. The price of the headphones may depend onhow budget-conscious your web history shows you to be. The price may even be affected by the price of the mobile phone you use for item search. For shoppers, that means price—not the one offered to you right now, but the one offered to you 20 minutes from now, or the one offered to me, or to your neighbor—may become an increasingly unknowable thing. “There used to beone price for something,”Dolan notes. Now the true price of pumpkin-pie spice is subject to a level of uncertainty.43. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. When holidays come, prices are usually increased.B. The right price to sellers is the one to bring biggest profits.C. The right price is fixed although it’s hard to find it.D. To buy a pie, customers have to become an expert in economy.44. Sellers stare back through the screen in order to ________.A. reflect on the effect of the InternetB. analyze customers’online buying history for price strategyC. double check the existence of the purchaseD. find out online where the lowest prices are45. In Internet age, what element is NOT likely to affect the price of an item?A. The instant mood of the buyer at the time of purchase.B. The necessity level of the item at the time of purchase.C. The extent to which the buyer is sensitive to the price.D. The price of the facility the buyer uses to look for the item.46. What is the passage mainly about?A. The advantages of online shopping over traditional shopping.B. Measures sellers take to maximize profits.C. The analysis of pricing mechanism.D. The battle between buyers and sellers in Internet age.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Researchers have discovered a unique group of polar bears who’ve survived in the absence of sea ice: by hunting from the ice that breaks off glaciers (冰川). The bears live in southeast Greenland and are a genetically(基因地) distinct subpopulation, which suggests they’ve been separated from other polar bears for around 200 years, according to a paper published this week in Science.“The findings show us how some polar bears might survive under climate change. but I don’t think glacier habitat is going to support huge numbers of polar bears,”said Kristin Laidre, a polar research scientist at the University of Washington. “There’s just not enough of it. We still expect to see large declines in polar bears across the Arctic under climate change.”When temporary ice sheets form on the ocean during each fall’s freeze, the bears walk across it in search of food, often by sitting next to gaps in the ice and waiting for seals to come up for air. When the ice melts (融化) in spring, polar bears typically survive between 100 and 180 days without food until the iceforms again. As temperatures rise, however, that period is becoming longer, which is harming the bears and pushing them toward starvation. The bears living in southeast Greenland go even longer without sea ice—around 250 days. But they’ve been able to continue bunting during that period by using large pieces of ice that break off from glaciers into the water.There are roughly 26, 000 polar bears remaining across the globe. Though the southeast Greenland bears have adapted to surviving in their surroundings, rising temperatures may ultimately cause their glacial ice to shrink, too. As Steve Armstrup, a scientist with Polar Bears International says, the study “is not some kind of effective rescue for polar bears”. While the southeast Greenland bears are able to hunt through glacial ice today, he says, “In the future, that will change unless we arrest the rise of global greenhouse gases.”8. What do we know about the newly- found polar bears?A. They exist in large numbers.B. They have genetically changed.C. They do better in hunting seals.D. They survive longer without food.9. What is Steve Armstrup’s advice?A. Keeping global warming under control.B. Moving many polar bears south.C. Preventing glacial ice breaking.D. Finding new habitats for polar bears.10. What is the best title of the text?A. Polar Bears Find New OpportunitiesB. Polar Bears Suffer From Lack of IceC. Polar Bears Survive in Iceless RegionsD. Polar Bears Decline With Climate Change11. In which section of a website can you read this text?A. Lifestyle.B. Health.C. Travel.D. Environment.The Atlantic salmon(鲑鱼) of Scotland are hardy and determined animals. Each spring and summer, they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotland's shallow rivers,leaping up waterfalls and over barriers, pushing themselves upstream in enormous efforts. Some fail, and others succeed, but today they face yet another challenge.During the mid-1980s, there were between eight and ten million salmon swimming around Scotland's Atlantic coast; that number has now dropped sharply. There's evidence of reducing the availability of the salmon's prey(猎物) as climate change warms and acidifies oceans. New research suggests climate change is also bearing down on rivers, which is bad news for salmon.Adapted to life in cold water, salmon experience slow growth and population changes at high temperatures. Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease.“Now salmon are struggling to deal with the rising temperatures. There are recent records of 27°C in the upperreaches of the Dee catchment,”says Peter Cairns, director of an environmental charity. In 2018, Scotland recorded the lowest pole catch for salmon since records began. Evidence suggests that the degraded quality of river worsens the impact of our changing climate.“Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland that were once way more forested and therefore shaded.”Yet Scotland is today one of the least wooded countries in Europe, with just 3 percent of its native woodland undamaged. Scientists have found that just 35percent of rivers in Scotland have enough tree cover for salmon survival.A movement to get trees back on riverbanks is gathering pace.“Broad-leaf trees close to the bank can reduce the light that enters the water,”explains fisheries scientist Anthony Hawkins.A new initiative called River woods—led by the Scottish Wildlife Trust and supported by Scottish Water and several other government and regulatory bodies —aims to create a network of woodlands along Scotland's riverbanks, and has already received a number of large funds.“Money is not the pressing business. River health is complex, but tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away,’”says Cairns.12. Why do Atlantic salmon make great journeys back to the rivers?A. They search for foods.B. They reproduce themselves.C. The rivers are relatively cool.D. The seas are increasingly warm.13. How do the rising temperatures in rivers affect salmon?A. They grow more quickly.B. They are more heat-resistant.C. They are less active in water.D. They are more likely to get diseases.14. What is a challenge for salmon when they return to Scotland's rivers?A. There is a shortage of food.B. There is much fish catching.C. The ecology environment has changed.D. The river systems are unsuitable for the forest growth.15. What does Cairns really intend to tell us in the last paragraph?A. It is urgent to plant riverbank trees.B. It is too hard to restore the river health.C. There is enough money for the project.D. There are too many vital things to deal with.。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案China is one of the first countries to develop a medical culture.In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adopts a vastly different approach.For thousands of years, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies (哲学)．The key behind TCM is that the human body's life is the consequence of the balance between Yin and Yang.Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and Yin is the inner base to store and provide energy.When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed, people fall ill.One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法) means insertion of needles into superficial (表面的) structures of the body —usually at acupoints (穴位) —to restore the Yin Yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion (艾灸疗法), which involves burning mugwort on or near the skin at an acupoint.The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced todayis The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon.It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the basic and most representative medical text in China.Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles. And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition. The WHO issued a document in 2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies.In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO.Presently, TCM has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of the COVID19 since its outbreak in January 2020.1．What is the key feature of TCM?A．It adopts different medical approaches.B．It's based on ancient Chinese philosophies.C．It helps to restore body's self balance.D．It's gained experience through rich practice.2．What can we learnabout The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon from the text?A．It distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion.B．It's a foundation of world medical research.C．It stresses the importance of using acupoints.D．It greatly contributes to the development of TCM.3．Why does the writer write this text?A．To review the development of TCM.B．To introduce TCM to the world.C．To tell TCM and Western medicine apart.D．To argue for TCM in fighting COVID19.4．What might be talked about in the paragraph following the text?A．How TCM helps in the current situation.B．Why TCM is gaining popularity.C．Why TCM gets recognition from WHO.D．How other countries adopt TCM.CDBACompanies like Google, Apple and Intel offer some of California’s most cutting-edge-and highest-paying-jobs. Last year, those three companies alone brought in more than 10,000 people from other countries to take those jobs.Surely it’d be simpler for them to hire closer to home. Among the key reasons they don’t is that too few Californians have the skills-in particular, the deep understanding of mathematics to qualify. It’s something the state’s new proposed math framework seeks to change.The current system of mathematics teaching in the U. S. invites few students into the richness of thought and of learning. We blunt our children’s possibilities nearly from the start, telling far too many of them at a very early age that math isn’t for them. Sometimes those communications are clear and direct; they’re planted in decisions, by schools or districts, to put students ondifferent tracks as early as third or fourth grade and teach them that math often limits how far they can go.My first assignment as a mathematics teacher was to teach 13-year-olds who had been assigned to the lower-level tracks. One girl understood the message of that ability grouping all too well. She caught me up short with the question, “Why should I bother?”The question became our shared challenge. I gave her more difficult work so she could do well on the national mathematics exam. She passed that exam, which allowed her to train to become a sound engineer.She had been told she was not good enough for mathematics-and it was not true. Too many students in California are given the same message-and it is one of the reasons the U. S. has relatively few students who are proficient in math. That’s why California’s new mathematics framework has been introduced.32. What does the author intend to show by mentioning some companies?A. Their competing advantage.B. Their hire in foreign countries.C. Their benefits from high tech.D. Their demand for staff qualification.33. What does the underlined word “blunt”mean in Paragraph 3?A. Reduce.B. Explore.C. Test.D. Accept.34. How did the girl feel about the ability grouping?A. Amused.B. Anxious.C. Helpless.D. Puzzled.35. What will be talked about next?A. Need for framework change.B. Contents of the new framework.C. Comments on the existing framework.D. Challenges from the framework making32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案The days of staring at the computer screen pretending to be interested in an assignment even though you are bored out of your mind may soon be coming to an end. That's because if Dr Harry Witchel, Discipline Leader in Physiology at England's Brighton and Sussex Medical School, has his way, computers of the future will be able to detect boredom and even react to it real-time.But before you get concerned, the machine is not reading your mind. It is just keeping track of the constant involuntary（无意识的）movements that people exhibit when in front of a computer or even a television. These are not the bigger instrumental actions like moving a mouse or using the remote, but barely noticeable movements like scratching, fidgeting, or stretching. Witchel says the level of movement is directly linked to how absorbed the person is in what he or she is reading or watching. The higher the interest level. the less the movement!To test the theory, Witchel and his team invited 27 people and exposed them to a variety of digital content for threeminutes at a time. The activities ranged from playing online games to reading documents like the banking regulations that most people would find boring.A video motion tracker monitored their movements as they powered through each assignment. Just as the researchers had expected, the involuntary actions decreased dramatically, by as much as 42%, when the participants were totally absorbed in what they were reading or seeing.Fortunately, the scientists are not planning to use the findings to create machines that report students who are not focusing at school. Instead, they believe that combining the motion detecting technology with future computers will help enhance the digital learning experience.The scientists say that being able to measure the students' interest level will enable educators to adjust the materialsreal-time and re-engage the students. Witchel also believes that the technology can provide filmmakers with honest audience opinions.8. According to Dr Harry, what will future computers be able to do?A. Keep a learner from distraction.B. Help a learner with his assignments.C. Read a learner's mind exactly real-time.D. Identify dullness of a learner and respond to it.9. How does an absorbed learner tend to behave?A. Laugh and shout excitedly.B. Use less energy in an assignment.C. Perform fewer involuntary actions.D. Show noticeable movements constantly.10. What is the value of this technology for educators?A. Bettering their digital learning experience.B. Introducing more computers into class.C. Finding the absent-minded students in class.D. Detecting what interests the students most.11. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To introduce an upcoming technology.B. To update educators' teaching concept.C. To show what learning will be like in the future.D. To explain how life will be shaped by technology.Several days ago Spanish fashion brand Zara sparked a fierce debate after releasing its latest campaign featuring a Chinese model with freckles (雀斑). Actually, there are some different beauty standards between the East and the West.In East Asia, freckles might be considered a “destructive weakness”for celebrities, especially actors or singers. Although normal people don’t care that much, subconsciously they might prefer a “clean”face. Generally speaking, freckles are more likely to appear if people are out in the sun frequently, and most East Asian women avoid the sun as best they can.Having freckles, instead, is a trademark for unconventional beauty in the Western world, and some call freckles “angelkisses”. For most westerners, having freckles is no longer just something you have to live with; instead, it is something to be desired. After all, not everyone is lucky enough to have freckles.When it comes to eye shapes, it seems Western and Chinese beauty standards don’t see eye-to-eye. Many Chinese think girls with big eyes are the most beautiful. If their eyes have a double-fold eyelid, that is considered perfect. However, most foreigners seem to prefer Chinese girls with slanted (斜的) and narrow eyes and eyebrows. Chinese known model Lyv Yan is often considered the country’s most beautiful by foreigners, while quite a few Chinese people think her appearance doesn’t fit with traditional beauty standards.Young, girly feature or hot and mature feature? Zhao Liying from China, Aragaki Yui from Japan and Lim Yoon-A from South Korea enjoy high popularity in Asia, as they boast bright faces with warm smiles, which win them lots of male fans. The three young celebrities represent Asia’s beauty standards: women with cute, girly features. Most women in Asia try their best to stay young accordingly. Unlike Chinese girls, Western girls think a more mature look shows independence and uniqueness. The superhero Wonder Woman is an ideal type for most.As ties continue to grow between China and the West, it is unavoidable that these beauty standards develop. But one thing’s for sure-no matter how you look, you are who you are, and that should be satisfaction enough.12. What do most western people think of having freckles?A. It is something unbearable.B. It is a destructive weakness.C. It is something to wish for.D. It is a symbol of traditional beauty.13. What do the underlined words “see eye-to-eye”mean in Paragraph 4?A. Have the same opinion.B. Recognize their strengths.C. Misunderstand each other.D. Argue against one another.14. Why do western girls prefer to appear mature?A. They think this beauty standard is better.B. They want to look independent and unique.C. They hope to have high popularity in Asia.D. They admire Wonder Woman very much.15. What does the text mainly talk about?A. What Zara’s beauty standard is.B. Why Chinese people don’t like freckles.C. What causes the different beauty standards.D. How easterners and westerners think of beauty.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案There are many sources of debate on a long road trip, including route selection, the choice of snacks ,and, probably most importantly, what to play on the radio. Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio without the need for headphones has been a goal of car makers for decades and scientists may have finally managed it.A team from the University of Le Mans in France carefully positioned microphones, speakers and filters (过滤器) to create personalised sound zones (PSZs) inside a car, and the small regions are where sound from a set of speakers can be heard clearly. Outside these, it can not be heard.One barrier which scientists have previously been unable to overcome was the impact of moving one’s seat. They were able to form a PSZ, but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards or backwards.The French team created a new algorithm (算法) specifically to tackle this issue, which handles the sound waves to create“bright”and “dark”zones in the car. “Loudspeakers are placed in the headrests. and specific filters for each transducer (换能器) are calculated to reproduce a sound signal that maintains. good quality in the zone under consideration and is strongly weakened in other zones.”said Dr Lucas Vindrola, the author of the study. “The key to the technique working properly is having sufficient microphones placed around the car to detect how many people are in the car and where they are sitting. The price to pay is to have control microphones in the passenger section, so that the algorithm can work.”However, the technique is not yet ready to be commercially rolled out as a luxurious optional extra just yet, as it currently works only for a limited range of frequencies.8. What was once a challenge for scientists?A. PSZs could hardly be formed.B. The sound of moving a seat is loud.C. They couldn’t create movable PSZs.D. The seats couldn’t be moved back and forth.9. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. How the impact of moving one’s seat was addressed.B. Why enough microphones are placed around the car.C. When the algorithm can work well for all passengers.D. Where “bright”and “dark”zones are created in the car.10. What can we infer about the new technique?A. It currently works without limitation.B. It has been put into use commercially.C. It can function well with enough microphones.D. It is costly to detect the position of microphones.11. What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To launch a new debate.B. To tackle an old problem.C. To advertise an algorithm.D. To introduce a new technology.Throughout history, many species of animals have been threatened with extinction. When Europeans first arrived in North America, more than 60 million buffalo (水牛) lived on the continent. Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks.Yet not all animals with commercial value face this threat (威胁).The cow, for example, is a valuable source of food, but no one worries that the cow will soon be extinct. Why does the commercial value of ivory threaten the elephant. while the commercial value of beef protects the cow?The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods. Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. Because illegal hunters are numerous, each has only a slight motivation to preserve the elephantpopulation. By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts.Governments have tried to solve the elephant’s problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory. Yet these laws have been hard to put into effect, and elephant populations have continued to dwindle. By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property.With private ownership and the profit motive now on its side, the African elephant might someday be as safe from extinction as the cow. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle pointed out the problem with common resources: “What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they possess in common with others.”8. Why does the author mention buffalo in paragraph 1?A. To introduce a similar threat to elephants.B. To provide an example of species extinction.C. To offer an explanation for government policies.D. To present the statistics of the buffalo in America.9. Why do elephants face threats while cows are safe?A. They are under different law protectionB. They attract different groups of huntersC. They contain different commercial valueD. They represent different ownership types10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A. Bans on killing elephants for ivoryB. Effective laws for elephant protection.C. Methods of making elephants private goodsD. Government policies on the elephant’s problem11. What can we learn from Aristotle’s words?A. People hold little regard for others’propertyB. People want to profit from common resourcesC. People care more about their own possessionD. People tend to take what they own for granted。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案What exactly is intelligence? There aren’t any easy answers.Despite the progress that has been made in genetics and psychology，human intelligence has remained one of the most controversial areas of modern science，until now，that is，for the discovery of a gene linked to intelligence has made the experts think again.Robert Plomin of the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues in the US have been looking into geneticmake-up.From their research，they have discovered that a slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ.Plomin analyzed DNA from two groups of 51 children aged between 6 and 15.What he found was that the first group had an IQ of 136，putting them in the top 5% of the population，while the other group had an average IQ of 103.An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question，while only 16% in the second groupdid.However，there is a lot more research to be done，and Plomin himself is cautious at this early stage.He suggests that there areprobably many genes that contribute to intelligence，rather than just one.Several studies have shown a strong link between IQ and career success，although some psychologists remain unconvinced about this.Professor Michael Rowe，who has written a book called Genius Explained，is one of these.“The people with the highest IQs are not usually the ones who do best in their careers.”Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence，IQ isn’t everything.Many alternative views have been put forward recently.One example is the idea of multiple intelligences，which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner.This offers a much broader view than the IQ theory，including creativity and communication skills as relevant factors in intelligence.Tony Buzan，brain expert and author of Master Your Memory，is enthusiastic about this belief，arguing that true geniuses do indeed appear to combine high levels of each type of intelligence.He lists Alexander the Great，Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein as examples.At the same time，Buzan believesthat everyone can develop their intelligence，only if they take the trouble to exercise their brain.Perhaps there’s hope for us all!8．What is the topic of the passage?A．The relationship between genes and intelligence.B．IQ benefits a lot from high intelligence.C．How to develop intelligence.D．What makes intelligence.9．Why does the author use data in Paragraph 2?A．To make a suggestion.B．To draw a conclusion.C．To prove an idea.D．To give an example.10．What can we learn from the passage?A．Robert Plomin confirms genes have something in common.B．Howard Gardner thinks intelligence includes various factors.C．Michael Rowe approves of a strong link between IQ and career.D．Tony Buzan agrees geniuses exercise brain to improve intelligence.11．What does the underlined word “This”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A．The development of intelligence.B．The idea of multiple intelligences.C．IQ isn’t everything for intelligence.D．Alternative views have been put forward.At the first exhibition of Henri Rousseau’s paintings in 1886，the public laughed out loud，and critics made fun of his original，unschooled style，one writing “Monsieur Rousseau paints with his feet，and his eyes covered.”Despite heavy criticism throughout his life，Rousseau kept painting，confident in his gift.He never received formal training in the arts because his family was too poor.For more than twenty years，he worked at the Paris customs office.It wasn’t until the age of 40 that he took up the brush，teaching himself to paint by copying works at the Louvre and studying nature.“Nothing makes me so happy as to observe nature and to paint what I see，”he said.Though his best-known paintings are of jungle scenes with monkeys，lions，and small woods，Rousseau never left France or saw a jungle.To paint foreign plants and animals，he relied on books，botanical gardens(植物园) in Paris，and his imagination.“When I go into the glasshouse and I see the strange plants of faraway lands，”he once said，“it seems to me that I enter a dream.”Rousseau claimed to have invented a new style of painting called the landscape-portrait，in which he paints a background view and then adds a person in the foreground later，as he did in Myself：Portrait-Landscape(1890)．Called a naive(天真) artist due to his childlike，untrained style，Rousseau painted colors one at a time，starting from the top andworking his way down.While critics described his works as flat and inexact descriptions of nature，he earned the respect of artists like Pablo Picasso and Wassily Kandinsky，who thought Rousseau was onto something new.Though his art was never accepted by the art world in his time，Rousseau’s paintings hang in museums around the world today.And Rousseau’s original approach to art has inspired countless artists to follow their own unique views.4．Why did Rousseau have no formal training in arts?A．Because he preferred painting in his own way.B．Because he was afraid of being criticized by others.C．Because his family couldn’t afford the training.D．Because there were more to be found in nature.5．What can we learn about Rousseau?A．He was unwilling to develop a personal style.B．He moved to a jungle to study nature.C．He came from an artistic family.D．He was indeed a self-taught painter.6．What is Rousseau’s art like?A．It is black-and-white.B．It is simple and original.C．It presents social reality.D．It employs persons in the background.7．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．Rousseau’s works have now been recognized. B．Rousseau earned a good reputation in his time. C．Rousseau encouraged young artists to follow his footsteps.D．Rousseau’s paintings have hardly ever been shown in museums.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精选训练含答案Notpla is a London-based firm that makes a seaweed-based substitute for single-use plastic packaging.Although some of Notpla’s products are suitable to be eaten，they are designed to be dissolved(溶解) after usage.The company’s film wrap is made of seaweed lining instead of a conventional plastic based coating.This makes the film fully biodegradable and ideal for use as packaging for cupboard and bathroom supplies like coffee and toilet paper.According to the United Nations,331 million kilograms of plastic garbage is produced annually around the world.Roughly 60% of the estimated 9.15 billion tons of plastic produced since the early 1950s has been taken to landfills or abandoned outdoors.Plastics harm the water，the air，and our bodies.Many experts agree that single-use plastics are unnecessary and dangerous.Some governments and towns in the United States have taken action.New York has banned most plastic shoppingbags，while plastic straws(吸管) have been banned in Miami Beach.Overseas，India stated in August that it plans to put a wide ban on single-use plastics this upcoming summer，with the European Union already implementing this ban.Seaweed comes in a variety of species and can be harvested or farmed.Notpla uses plants that have been farmed.Rodrigo Garcia Gonzalez and Pierre Paslier，the inventors of Notpla，initially considered seaweed as a solution to the world’s plastic problem for several reasons.Seaweed is abundant and grows quickly.Additionally it doesn’t compete with land crops and is highly favored for its ability to remove some waste products like carbon from the atmosphere.In cooperation with the online food ordering service Just Eat，the start-up recently tested its st year，the two companies handed out 30,000 takeaway boxes at various UK restaurants.Plans are in the works to offer the boxes across Europe in 2022.Notpla’s team intends to replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more generally as they scale.The company recognizes the difficulty of such a job given the volume of plastics consumed around the world.5．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 2?A．By comparing facts.B．By presenting figures.C．By raising questions.D．By giving examples.6．What can best replace the underlined word “implementing”in paragraph 3?A．Lifting.B．Protecting.C．Opposing.D．Performing.7．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A．The wide use of seaweed.B．The next goal of the new study.C．The huge market of the plastic bags.D．The advantages of choosing seaweed.8．What does the company think of its plan to replace the whole single-use plastic?A．It will be unpractical.B．It will be richly rewarded.C．It will be a little tough.D．It will be rather successful.Several years ago，Jason Box，a scientist from Ohio，flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier(冰川) in Greenland.He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice，and then left.His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun，keeping the ice cool below.When he came back to check the results，he found it worked.Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice.He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants were shut down，no jobs were lost，and nobody was taxed or fired.Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.“Thank you，but no thank you，”says Ralph King，a climate scientist.He told Grey Childs，author and commentator，that people think technology can save the planet，“but there are other things we need to deal with，like consumption.They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier.”This experiment，quote-unquote，gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior.It can’t.Technology won’t give us a free ride.Individuals respond to climate changedifferently.Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims，but we will be climate choosers.More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives，the engineers will get smarter，the tools will get better，and one day we will control the climate.But that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back，”Grey writes.“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will，”he says.Me？I like it better when the earth takes care of itself.I guess one day we will have to run the place，but for the moment，sitting at my desk，looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling，I’m happy not to be in charge.1．Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph?A．To introduce a possible solution to climate change.B．To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.C．To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.D．To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.2．Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?A．The fight against climate change will not succeed.B．Technology is not the final solution，let alone its high cost.C．It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.D．Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.3．What is Grey Childs’attitude to human’s controlling the climate?A．Favorable.B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．But Should We Fix the Climate?B．Is Climate Change a Real Problem?C．How Can We Take Care of the Earth?D．What If All the Glaciers Disappeared?。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Renewable energy projects，including onshore and offshore wind and solar farms，have so far been subsidized(资助) by government support schemes.This has led to some complaining that clean energy is pushing up bills.However，the most recently approved offshore wind projects will most likely operate with “negative subsidies”—paying money back to the government.The money will go towards reducing household energy bills as the offshore wind farms start producing power in the mid-2020s.This is the conclusion of an analysis by an international team led by Imperial College London researchers published todayin Nature Energy.Lead researcher Dr Malte Jansen，from the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial，said，“Offshore wind power will soon be so cheap to produce that it will undercut fossil-fueled power stations and may be the cheapest form of energy for the UK.Energy subsidies used to push up energy bills，but within afew years，cheap renewable energy will see them brought down for the first time.This is an astonishing development.”The analysis for five countries in Europe，including the UK，focused on a series of government auctions(拍卖) for offshore wind farms between February 2015 and September panies that want to build wind farms bid in the auctions by stating the price at which they will sell the energy they produce to the government.These are known as “contracts for difference”or CfDs.If a company’s bid is higher than the wholesale electricity price on the UK market once the wind farm is up and running，then the company will receive a subsidy from the government to topup the price.However，if the stated price(规定价格) is less than the wholesale price，then the company will pay the government back the difference.This payback is then passed through to consumers’energy bills，reducing the amount that homes and businesses will pay for electricity.The winning companies said they could build new offshore wind farms for around ￡40 per megawatt hour (MWh) ofpower.This was a new record set by these wind farms with bids 30 percent lower than just two years earlier.5．The underlined words “top up”in Paragraph 6 probably mean——A．make upB．take upC．coverD．fill up6．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The renewable energy projects will lead to some complaining that clean energy is pushing up bills.B．The company whose bid is less than the wholesale electricity price will receive a subsidy.C．The stated electricity price is now higher than the wholesale electricity price.D．Fossil-fueled power will be soon produced cheaply.7．What is Dr Malte Jansen’s attitude towards the offshore wind farms?A．Curious.B．Pessimistic.C．Indifferent.D．Optimistic.8．Where does this text probably come from?A．A science fiction.B．A financial magazine.C．An advertisement.D．A science report.A 70-year-old grandfather has successfully rowed a boat unassisted across the entire Atlantic Ocean—and he didn’t do it for himself.Frank Rothwell took the challenge in memory of hisbrother-in-law Roger，who died of Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默病)．Requiring 18 months of hard training，the entire trip took eight challenging weeks for Rothwell to travel from LaGomera in the Canary Islands on December 12 to the finish line 3,000 miles away in Antigua on February 6.“I like challenges！”explains Rothwell on his fundraising site.“In 2017，I spent five weeks on a deserted island for the Channel 4 program，The Island with Bear Grylls.Before that，I was only the 10th person ever to circumnavigate North and South America.”In a statement，Hilary Evans，chief executive of Alzheimer’s Research UK，said，“We’re honored to have such amazing support from Frank.His courage and determination helped him to complete his epic challenge and raise ￡1 million for dementia(痴呆) research.”“This incredible amount will be a huge benefit to the groundbreaking research we carry out here at Alzheimer’s Research UK，as we continue our mission to bring aboutlife-changing treatments for people affected by dementia，”added Evans.Crossing the finish line was an emotional moment for Rothwell.He said，“I am on cloud nine! I set out in December wishing to raise ￡1 million for Alzheimer’s Research UK but I never thought I’d actually achieve it.At times，the challenge was incredibly tough，with rough seas，huge waves，and missing my wife，Judith.But as exhausting as it was，it was all totally worth it.”He also said，“Having received hundreds of messages from people who，like me，have witnessed the heartbreak of dementia，I am proud to have raised such an incredible amount in honor of Roger and everyone else who has experienced the destruction it causes.”1．Why did Rothwell sail across the Atlantic Ocean?A．To raise money for Roger to receive treatment.B．To call on people to challenge themselves.C．To collect money for Alzheimer’s research.D．To photograph the rare view of seas and waves.2．What does the underlined part “on cloud nine”probably mean?A．At a loss.B．In surprise.C．In great shape.D．In wild excitement.3．What words best describe Rothwell? A．Courageous and helpful.B．Humorous and patient.C．Optimistic and cautious.D．Generous and wise.4．In which section of a newspaper may the text appear? A．Sports.B．Society.C．Education.D．Business.。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案Children whose fathers make time to play with them from a very young age may find it easier to control their behaviour and emotions as they grow up，a research suggests.Although there are many similarities between fathers and mothers，the findings suggest that fathers participate in more physical play even with the youngest children.This seems to help children learn to control their feelings.It may also make them better at supervising their own behaviour later on.Paul Ramchandani，professor of Play in Education，Development and Learning at the University of Cambridge，said，“It’s important not to overstate the influence of father-child play as there are limits to what the research can tell us，but it does seem that children who get a reasonable amount of playtime with their father benefit as a group.”Parent-child play in the first years of life is known to support basic social，cognitive and communication skills，but most research focuses on mothers and babies.The Cambridge reviewused data from 78 studies，undertaken between 1977 and 2021—most of them in Europe or North America.The researchers analysed the combined information for patterns about how often fathers and children play together，the nature of that play，and any possible link with children’s development.In almost all the studies surveyed，there was a consistent relation between father-child play and children’s subsequent ability to control their feelings.Children who enjoyedhigh-quality playtime with their fathers were less likely to exhibit emotional and behavioral problems.They also appeared to be better at controlling their aggression，and less likely to attack other children during disagreements at school.“Physical play creates fun，exciting situations in which children have to apply self-control，”Ramchandani said.“You might have to control your strength.It’s a safe environment in which children can practise how to respond.If they react the wrong way，they might get told off，but it’s not the end of the world—and next time they might remember to behave differently.”4．The underlined word “supervising”in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “”．A．acknowledging B．regulatingC．exhibiting D．understanding5．Which of the following statements would Paul Ramchandani probably agree with?A．Father-child play is extremely influential.B．The research still has space for improvement.C．Fathers needn’t correct children’s behaviour at play.D．Physical play should be carried out with great caution.6．What does the text say about the Cambridge review?A．It lasted for more than four decades.B．It focused on early parent-child play.C．It made full use of others’research fruits.D．It stressed the importance of the length of playtime.7．What can be the best title for the text?A．To Develop Self-Controllable Children，Play with ThemB．Playing Enables Children to Improve Their Self-ControlC．Playing Together May Benefit Father-Child RelationshipD．Playtime with Dad May Improve Children’s Self-ControlKeys BBCD[安徽省合肥市重点高中2022届高三期中卷]Could looking through trees be the view to a greener future? Trees replacing the clear glass in your windows is not a work of science fiction.It’s happening now.Forest Products Laboratory researcher Junyong Zhu together with colleagues from the University of Maryland and University of Colorado has developed a transparent wood material that may be the window of tomorrow.Researchers found that transparent wood has the potential to outperform glass currently used in construction in nearly every way.While glass is the most common material used in window construction，it comes with quite a few bad consequences.Heat easily transfers through glass and amounts to higher energy bills when it escapes during cold weather and pours in when it’swarm.Glass production used for construction also comes with a heavy carbon footprint.Manufacturing emissions alone are approximately 25,000 metric tons per year，without considering the heavy footprint of transporting the glass.The innovation was developed using wood from the balsa tree，which is native to South and Central America.The team treated balsa wood to an oxidizing bath，where the wood is kept in a bleach solution at room temperature to remove the light-absorbing substance from the structure.The wood was then penetrated(注入)with a synthetic polymer called polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)，creating a product that is virtually transparent.So the transparent wood was created，which is far more durable and lighter than glass.Switching to transparent wood could prove to becost-efficient as well.It is approximately five times more thermally efficient than glass，cutting energy costs.It is made from a sustainable，renewable resource with low carbon emissions.With all of these potential benefits for consumers，manufacturing and the environment，the case for transparent wood couldn’t be clearer.Keys CABD28．What is the main problem with glass used in window construction?A．It is inefficient in letting heat out.B．It does not reflect light and heat.C．It causes a high ecological cost.D．It is inconvenient to transport.29．What does the underlined part “a bleach solution”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A．A liquid to make objects white.B．A process to solve problems.C．A container to store liquids.D．A way to make colors fade.30．What does Paragraph 4 focus on?A．How to make things transparent.B．How to produce the new material.C．The benefits of the wood material.D．The great importance of innovation.31．What is the author’s attitude towards transparent wood? A．Skeptical. B．Ambiguous.C．Conservative. D．Appreciative.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精选训练含答案（2023济南一模卷）In conversations with strangers,people commonly tend to think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable. But we've discovered this idea is wrong. Our data shows that people tend to think they should speak about 45% of the time to be likable in a one-on-one conversation with someone new. However, it appears speaking up a bit more is actually a better strategy.In our research,we randomly assigned people to speak for 30%,40%,50%,60% of the time in a conversation with someone new. We found that the more they spoke, the more they were liked by their new partners. This was only one study with 116 participants, bu tthe outcome is supported by other researchers'findings. For example,a previous study randomly assigned one in a pair to take on the role of“speaker”and the other to take on the role of“listener.”After engaging in12-minute interactions,listeners liked speakers more than speakers liked listeners because listeners felt more similar to speakers than speakers did to listeners. This outcome suggeststhe reason people prefer those who speak up: Learning more about a new partner can make you feel like you have more in common with him or her.Further, we assigned people to speak for up to 70% and even 90% of the time. The result shows it is not an ideal strategy. Our research does not suggest people hold down a conversational partner but rather that they feel comfortable speaking up more than they usually might.Research like ours can help people gain a more reasonable understanding of social interactions with new people and become more confident about how to make a good first impression. It has the obvious benefit of allowing us to carefully control speaking time. However, it does not reflect more natural conversations. Future research should figure out whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions.12.What is the common belief concerning conversations with strangers?A.Speaking a little less is preferred.B. Speaking half the time is the best.C. Listeners are more likable than speakers.D.Listeners fail to control the conversations.13.How was the research carried out?A.By analyzing speaking habits.B.By making comparisons.C. By listing examples.D.By collecting data.14.What is the disadvantage of the research?A. The conversation time is limited.B. Further study is hard to continue.C. The findings are less widely appliable.D.Interactions with strangers are missing.15.In which situation can the research finding be applied?A. Attending a family gathering.B.Partying with your friends.C. Meeting a new teacher.D. Making a public speech.Many people think work meetings are a waste of time, and that might be because most meetings keep employees from working well. One survey of 76 companies found that productivity was 71 percent higher when meetings were reduced by 40 percent. Unnecessary meetings waste $37 billion in salary hours a year in the U.S. alone.Many meetings occur without a specific reason. Another motive for meetings is what some scholars call the Mere Urgency effect,in which we engage in tasks —such as a meeting where each person recites what they’re working on,whether others need that information or not —to help us feel like we are accomplishing something actual.But the real problem with meetings is not lack of productivity —it’s unhappiness.When meetings are a waste of time, job satisfaction declines. And when job satisfaction declines, happiness in general falls. Thus, for a largepopulation, eliminating meetings —or at least minimizing them —is one of the most straightforward ways to increase well-being.Nobody likes excessive and unproductive meetings. First, they generally increase fatigue. You have probably experienced a day of meetings, after which you are exhausted and haven’t accomplished much. Second, people tend to engage in “surface acting”(faking emotions that are deemed appropriate) during work meetings. Finally, researchers have found that the strongest predictor of meeting effectiveness is active involvement by the participants. If you are asking yourself, “Why am I here?”you are not likely to think that the meeting is a good use of your time —which is obviously bad for your work satisfaction.Taken together, the research on meetings shows that if you want to be happier at work (or want your employees to be happier), you should fight against the time-consuming, unproductive meetings at every opportunity. If there is one rule to remember about work meetings, it might be that they are a necessary evil.They are necessary as organizations need them for proper communication, but they are evil in that they are notirreplaceable,and should thus be used as little as possible for the sake of productivity and happiness.8. Why does the author mention the survey in Para 1?A. To explain the survey.B. To introduce the topic.C. To stress the importance of meeting.D. To state the disadvantage of meeting.9. Which of the following best explains “eliminating”underlined in Para 3?A. Reducing.B. Hosting.C. Increasing.D. Avoiding.10. What is mainly talked about in Para 4?A. How to increase people’s job satisfaction.B. The importance and necessity of minimizing meetings.C. Why excessive and unproductive meetings lower job satisfaction.D. Active involvement by the participants indicates meeting effectiveness.11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. Work meetings —A necessary evil.B. Work meetings —The less, the better.C. Work meetings —The more, the better.D. Work meetings —Excessive and unproductive.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案A new study published in Thursday’s edition of Cell reports that mosquitoes’sense of smell is more complex than we once thought. And it may explain how they are so good at seeking us out in the darkness and lead to new strategies to fight against the potentially deadly diseases caused by their bites.Until Meg Younger, co-author of the study, and her colleagues started studying mosquitoes, it’s long been known that mosquitoes rely on multiple clues to target humans, First, they will sense the CO2 in the breath from a distance that can be more than 30 feet. After the CO2, then they begin to sense human body smells. They follow the odors(气味) and, when they get very close, start to detect body heat. Once they land on the skin, they look for a place to bite with their legs.In many parts of the world, their bites may lead to such diseases as dengue, Zika, chikungunya and malaria. The latter disease alone causes over half a million deaths each year around the globe.“But most of what we know about mosquitoes’sense of smell comes from the study of the brains of mice and fruit flies, where the pathways between the brain and smell detectors are fairly simple: Each neuron(神经元) in their smell detectors just responds to a single kind of smell and all the neurons for that smell are connected to the same part of their brains. Of course, there are countless different detectors responding to countless smells,”says Younger. “When we started looking inside mosquito brains, we found that each neuron can detect multiple smells.”“It’s a great breakthrough,”says Josefina del Marmol, a scientist at the Harvard Medical School who wasn’t involved with the research. “It will change a lot about what we know of how mosquitoes interact with the world and give researchers additional ways to fight the bugs. But there’s more work to be done to test, neuron by neuron, which neuron actually responds to which human body smells.”12. What can be learned about mosquitoes from paragraph 2?A. They look for a place to bite with their eyes.B. They can only detect humans within 30 feet.C. They are first attracted by human body smells.D. They are more sensitive to the CO2 in the breath.13. Which disease causes more than 0.5 million deaths each year in the world?A. Malaria.B. Zika.C. Dengue.D. Chikungunya.14. What is Meg Younger’s new discovery?A. The pathways in the brains of mice are fairly simple.B. A neuron in mosquitoes’detectors can detect many smells.C. All the neurons for a smell are connected to the same part of the brain.D. The neurons in fruit flies’brains just respond to a single kind of smell.15. What does Josefina del Marmol say about the new study?A. The process is not very complete.B. The conclusion is not very reliable.C. More specific tests have to be done.D. The research method is too complex.【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. CFor anyone trying to lose weight, there’s a truth we can all universally acknowledge that better health is often positioned as a numbers game. Hit the right number, and all your health problems will magically resolve, so the logic goes. Yet increasingly, science is revealing that losing weight may not be a silver bullet after all. In a mouse study published in the journal Science, looking specifically at an inflammatory( 炎症的) eye condition linked to obesity called macular degeneration( 黄斑退化), researchers found the struggle for better health doesn’t necessarily begin and end with weight loss.Researchers conducted experiments on mice that were fed a high-fat diet for 11 weeks, making them gain weight. The micewere then put on a diet of low-fat food for 9 weeks, making them lose weight. Another group of mice only ate the low-fat diet as a control. Researchers shot lasers into the eyes of both the yo-yo dieter mice and the control mice to encourage atypical blood vessel ( 非典型性血管) growth, a mark of macular degeneration.Among the mice that had gained and then lost weight, there was about 40 percent more atypical blood vessel growth than their stable diet peers. Driving the growth appeared to be macrophages( 巨噬细胞). In the yo-yo dieter mice, these cells had been reprogrammed to cause inflammation. Taken together, these cells appeared to have an outsize role in atypical blood vessel growth in the eyes. Meanwhile, in the mice fed only a low-fat diet, inflammatory changes were absent. The results suggest that eating a high-fat diet that causes weight gain, even if followed by weight loss, leaves an inflammatory mark on mouse macrophages.The research comes during a period of renewedinterest in anti-obesity drugs. But medicines that helppeople shed pounds do not treat inflammation linked to ahistory of weight gain. “How to engage thesefindings with medicine interventions is a challenge,”says Bapat, head of the research.1. Which of the following best explains “a silver bullet ”underlined in paragraph1?A. A workable solution.B. A tough choice.C. An ultimate objective.D. A major challenge.2. How do researchers carry out the experiment?A. By making comparison.B. By listing examples.C. By controling test methods.D. By analyzing diet components.3. What can we learn about the research results?A. Stable dieting drives the growth of macrophages.B. Reprogrammed cells are to blame for weight gain.C. Inflammatory changes are caused by the low-fat diet.D. Losing weight doesn’t resolve the inflammation tied to weight gain.4. What will the research focus on next?A. Exploring ways of losing weight.B. Tracking the history of weight loss.C. Treating obesity-linked inflammation.D. Boosting interest in anti-obesity drugs.。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案[2021·上海静安区二模卷]ARCHAEOLOGISTS (考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20foothigh walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities，then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.Among the most surprising discoveries was a large stone complex now called La Cuemavilla. Built on a steep ridge, the heavily fortified site included high walls. Moats which serves as the largest defensive system ever discovered in the region.This was surprising says an archaeologist, “because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized. But the fortifications were seeing suggest an elevated level of antagonism over centuries. Rulers were so deeply alarmed that they felt the need to invest in all thesehilltop fortifications. There is an almost visible sense of fear in this landscape.”All these findings owe credit to PACUNAM LIDAR Initiative, a laser survey of some 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Using revolutionary Laser technology, the survey revealed the longhidden ruins of a sprawling preColumbian civilization that was far more complex and interconnected than most Maya specialists had supposed.Guided by the new Laser treasure maps, the LIDAR team deployed through the jungle over the past year to conduct handson investigations of more than a dozen of the most promising sites, most of which would have been imperceptible without LIDAR.“You could walk over the top of a major ruin and miss it, ”says an archaeologist who's part of the PACUNA project. But LIDAR picks up the patterns and makes the features pop out with surprising clarity.Threedimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at leastfour times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.Archaeologists stress that LIDAR, for all its utility, will never see below the ground or yield direct dates of occupation. We still need to dig and hack our way through the jungle, but now we have a very accurate map to guide us.5．How did people think of Maya before the discovery of the defense ruins?A．It was the most advanced civilization in the history of mankind.B．It was long under the threat of largescale wars.C．Its rise and decline were under way peacefully.D．It was finally destroyed by a largescale war.6．The underlined word antagonism is closest in meaning to ________.A．misery B．revolutionC．population decrease D．opposition7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．The military mechanism found in La Cuemavilla was intended for occupying more lands.B．The new laser technology was mainly used to enlarge the original site size.C．The LIDAR helps to avoid the traditional digging task in site exploration.D．The Tikal site was found to be protected by certain defense works.8．The passage is mainly about ________.A．people' s longtime misunderstanding of MayacivilizationB．discovery of Maya military works aided by new explore technologyC．the finding of a big warfare resulting in the disappearance of Maya civilizationD．The various advantages of new technologies in the field of archaeology[2021·淄博一模卷]Lawrence Ferlinghetti, the poet, publisher, painter, social activist and bookstore owner, has been San Francisco's honored poet. He turns 100 this month, and the city is making preparations to celebrate him in style. Readings and performances and an open house will take place at City Lights, the sacred bookstore he co－founded in 1953.On March 24, 1919, Lawrence Ferlinghetti was born in Yonkers, New York. After spending his early childhood in France, he received his BA from the University of North Carolina, an MA from Columbia University, and a PhD from the Sorbonne.He is the author of more than thirty books of poetry, including Poetry as Insurgent Art; A Coney Island of the Mind. He has translated the works of a number of poets, including Nicanor Parra, Jacques Prevert, and Pier Paolo Pasolini. In addition to poetry, he is also the author of more than eight plays and three novels, including Little Boy: A Novel,Love in the Days of Rage and Her.In 1953, Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin opened the City Lights bookstore in San Francisco, California. It became a nerve center for the Beats and other writers. Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and other writers from that era were Easterners who dropped into San Francisco for a spell. In 2001 it was made an official historic landmark. Now City Lights is almost certainly the best bookstore in the United States. It's filled with serious world literature of all kinds.If City Lights is a San Francisco institution, Ferlinghetti himself is as much of one. He has loomed over the city's literary life. As a poet, he's never been a critical favorite. But his flexible and plain －spoken and often powerful work —he has published more than 50 volumes —has found a wide audience. His collection “A Coney Island of the Mind”has sold more than 1 million copies, making it one of the bestselling American poetry books ever published.1．What can we learn about Ferlinghetti from Paragraph 2?A．He had a happy childhood.B．He received normal education.C．He had a gift for writing novels.D．He had written lots of poetry.2．Which of the following best describes Ferlinghetti according to Paragraph 3?A．Flexible. B．Optimistic.C．Outspoken. D．Productive.3．Why is City Lights famous?A．Because it is a nerve center for the youth.B．Because its collections have a long history.C．Because it is an official historic landmark.D．Because it has many modern world literature.4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A．To speak highly of a great poet.B．To introduce some English poetry.C．To promote values of City Lights.D．To celebrate the birthday of Ferlinghetti.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案untGreat Smoky Mountains National Park lies on both sides of the border between North Carolina and Tennessee. Its highest peak is called “Clingmans Dome”. But before it got that name, the Cherokee people called the mountain “Kuwahi”. It sits on ancestral Cherokee homelands. Since the ancient times, the landscape, including mountains and streams, has shaped the history of Cherokee people. They used that name for hundreds of years. Now, tribal members are hoping to return to the Kuwahi name.The Cherokee Nation once spread across what is now Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Alabama. In 1838,the tribe was forcibly relocated to present-day Oklahoma—in what was later known as the “Trail of Tears”. Through sickness and terrible travel conditions, nearly 4,000 Cherokee people died during the forced removal from their homeland. Some Cherokee managed to avoid relocation to Oklahoma by going into hiding, including on Kuwahi. “We’re here today because our ancestors hid in those mountains, specifically in Kuwahi,”Hill said.The name change of the Cherokee’s mountain came in 1859, when geographer and professor Arnold Henry Guyot labeled Kuwahi “Clingmans Dome”. The peak was named after Thomas Lanier Clingman, who was a strong supporter of slavery. Clingman was not connected to the Cherokee people in any way. “Naming the mountain after Clingman erases everything that the Cherokee people are in order to rename it after someone with zero ties to our community. He didn’t even live here,”said Hill.In June 2022, Yellowstone National Park’s Mount Doane was renamed to First Peoples Mountain. “That was a huge victory for our brothers and sisters,”Hill said. “I hope it’s just the beginning of accurately recognizing and honoring numerous historically significant sites for tribes and native people nationwide. There were so many places that were special and important to native people prior to colonization. I want to be the voice for my people, for my ancestors.”8. What do the Cherokee people intend to do according to Paragraph 1?A. Save their language.B. Go back to their homeland Kuwahi.C. Reshape their history.D. Change the name back to “Kuwahi”.9. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The sad history of the Cherokee people.B. The sheltering place for the Cherokee people.C. The causes of the decrease of the Cherokee people.D. The traveling route of the ancient Cherokee Nation.10. What does Hill think of “Clingmans Dome”?A. It is related to the culture of the Cherokee people.B. It reminds the Cherokee people of their ancestors.C. It removes everything about the Cherokee history.D. It reflects the slave position of the Cherokee people.11. What does Hill actually mean in the last paragraph?A. To add great honor to her ancestors.B. To make his homeland well-known.C. To express the opinions of her people.D. To name more historically significant sites.Set on a sloped plot (山坡) above Prague in the city’s Troja district, Villa Sophia has no keys, no light switches and a piano that can play by itself. The house can close the windows when it rains and read aloud materials it has selected from the Internet, based on the owners’interests.“The house is like a brain,”said MichaelaPankova, who shares the home with her husband, Karel Panek, and their daughters. “It makes decisions for you basedon previous experience.”The home, designed by thePrague-based firm Coll Coll, is intended to go beyond automated to autonomous. “As we say, if we have to control it ourselves, it’s not smart enough,”said Mr. Panek, a computer scientist.The couple wanted no compromises in quality and efficiency. When they couldn’t find a technology that met their standards, Mr. Panek, the brain behind his home’s brain, designed his own system. While family members go about their daily lives, the system collects data and evaluates that data in real time, then comes up with solutions and implements (实施) them. It can accept deliveries when the family isn’t here, thanks to individual door from afar and valuation of the home’s external context. It can preheat the driveway to clear snow and ice(but only if it predicts its use, saving energy otherwise)and lock the doors.Put energy home security and convenience aside, the system’s benefit is that in developing beyond a smart home system to a smart home it free the homeowner from the burden of constant control.Mr. Panek calls himself a technology optimist, and Mrs. Pankova said it took her some time to wram up to the system. “In the beginning I wasn’t into the idea of living in an AI house,”she said. “During the time of the preparation and laterthe construction, I slowly started to be open to the idea.”12. What can be inferred about the house from Paragraph 1?A. It is located at the foot of a hill.B. It operates automatically.C. It frees the family from wind and rain.D. It is poorly equipped with furniture.13 Who did some extra work to improve the control system of the house?A. Coll Coll.B. Mrs. Pankova.C. Mr. Panek.D. The couple’s kids.14. What is the best advantage of the smart home?A. Picking up deliveries.B. Saving energy.C. Preheating the driveway.D. Removing the task of constant control.15. What do the underlined words “warm up to”probably mean in the last paragraph?A. Apply to.B. Adapt to.C. Turn to.D. Keep to.以上就是本文的全部内容。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案Yo-Yo Ma is an American cellist (大提琴家) born in Paris to Chinese parents.His musical career is a testament to his belief in culture's power to generate trust and understanding.Whether performing works, engaging unexpected musical forms, or working with communities and institutions to explore culture's role in society, he works to create a better world that begins with culture.Expanding upon this belief, in 1998 he established Silkroad, a collective of artists worldwide creating music that engages many traditions.In addition to presenting performances, Silkroad cooperates with museums and universities to develop training programs for teachers, musicians, and learners of allages.Through his work with Silkroad, he frequently performs lesser-known music.Besides, he partners with communities and institutions to develop programs that champion culture's power to transform lives and create a more connected world.Among his many roles, he is artistic director of the annual Youth Music CultureGuangdong festival, a UN Messenger of Peace, and the first artist ever appointed to the World Economic Forum's board of trustees.When the pandemic began, Yo-Yo began an online series titled “Songs of Comfort”to ease anxieties.His short, self-shot videos soon reached over 18 million people.On March 13, 2021, after receiving the 2nd COVID-19 shot, he transformed a clinic into a temporary concert hall, in a moment that residents called a symbolic representation of “the light at the end of the tunnel”．Yo-Yo Ma once said every generation has a chance to do better, to create a world that works for all.To him, doing better begins with culture —the point at which the arts, sciences, and society cross.1．The underlined word “testament”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”．A．thought B．proofC．invitation D．reaction2．What do we know about Silkroad from the text?A．It offered music trainings independently.B．It was set up by museums and universities.C．It benefited traditional and unpopular music.D．It was intended to create more musical forms. 3．Which of the following best describes Yo-Yo Ma?A．Fair and determined.B．Humorous and smart.C．Generous and traditional.D．Open-minded and positive.4．What's the best title for the text?A．Music Knows No BoundariesB．Music Matters to Build a Connected WorldC．Yo-Yo Ma: Dream and Hope Make One Artist Innovator D．Yo-Yo Ma: Pathway to a Better World Begins with Culture BCDDThe concept of ownership comes so easily to humans that even preschoolers have got it.Robots，on the other hand，often struggle to grasp such abstract concepts.Now a well-mannered robot that can make it has been programmed.“Teaching robots ownership-related etiquette(礼仪) is really，really worthwhile，”says Matthias Scheutz，a computer scientist at Tufts University.“We can’t just send out robots who are unaware of who owns what...If I instruct a robot to ‘build a fence’，and it goes to the neighbor’s and starts ‘stealing’boards，that’s not what we have in mind.”The new socially conscious robot can learn who owns what from clear statements as well as its own observations.The robot learns its code of conduct(行为准则) from direct orders and generalizing from specific examples.For instance，if the robot is told not to touch several objects that it knows belong to specific people，the robot will deduce that，as a general rule，it shouldn’t touch owned objects.Artificial intelligence(AI) expert Tan Xuan and colleagues at Yale University found out how the robot reacts in experiments with blocks on a table.In one session，Tan played with only the red blocks，leading the robot to infer that these blocks belongedto the same person.When Tan instructed the robot to throw away everything on the table and the machine reached for a red block，Tan stopped the robot，saying，“That’s mine.”Now aware that it should not throw Tan’s belongings，and assuming that the rest of the red blocks belonged to Tan as well，the robot cleared the table of everything but red blocks.Later，when Tan’s colleague Jake Brawer directed the robot to throw out a red block，the robot replied，“Sorry，I’m forbidden to throw it away if it’s owned by Tan.”Though robots may have more difficulty understanding who owns what in situations filled with far more objects of much wider variety than blocks on a table，Scheutz called it a good “first attempt”at equipping robots with an appreciation of ownership.5．What does the second paragraph focus on?A．The way of teaching robots ownership.B．The basics of the human-robot relationship.C．The benefit of robots’learning ownership.D．The importance of robots’learning code of conduct.6．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “deduce”in Paragraph 3?A．Conclude. B．Admit.C．Agree. D．Doubt.7．Why did Tan Xuan use the blocks in experiments?A．To train the robot.B．To predict the robot’s move.C．To test the robot’s behavior.D．To study the robot’s preference.8．What does the author want to show by mentioning Jake Brawer in the last paragraph?A．The robot knows who to obey.B．The robot can learn who owns what.C．The robot follows no wrong orders.D．The robot can solve complex situations.DACB。

2023版名校高考英语阅读理解精练含答案解析建议用时：6分钟难度：★★☆☆☆词数：156语篇类型：应用文主题语境：写信Ms Black,I saw the notice about the dance classes that you are offering(提供）.I love dance, and I'm already a very good Latin dancer. Now, I'm interested in learning jazz dance(爵士舞）,but before I sign up(报名）,I have a few questions for you.First, where will your classes take place(进行）? I can travel a little bit for them, but I don't want to have to go too far. Second, do you teach from 3: 00 pm to 5:00 pm on Fridays? That would be the best time for me because I can't go to the classes you have on Tuesday and Thursday evenings. Finally, do you offer adiscount(折扣）on group classes? Five of my friends said that they would join me if I signed up for one.Please email me back. I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely,Emily Jones1. Ms Black is probably a(n)____.A. pop singerB. dance teacherC. office workerD. bank manager2. Emily writes this email to Ms Black because____.A. she wants to ask Ms Black some questionsB. she misses Ms Black very muchC. Ms Black can teach her Latin danceD. Ms Black will give her a good price3. When does Emily want to take the dance classes?A. On Friday afternoons.B. On Thursday evenings.C. On Wednesday afternoons.D. On Tuesday evenings.4. Emily wants to know the following things EXCEPT(除了）____A. the place of the dance classesB. the way to sign upC. the price of group classesD. the time of the dance classes5. What can we learn about Emily from this email?A. She is a famous dance teacher.B. She heard about Ms Black from her friends.C. Her home is far away from where Ms Black teaches.D. Some of her friends are also interested in the dance classes.词汇短语already adv. 已经；早已We got there early but Mike had already left.我们提早到了那里，但是Mike已经离开了。