2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案xb

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Virtual reality can improve brain activity that may be crucial for learning, memory and even treating Alzheimer's, a study on rats has found.After monitoring the rats' brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in a region known as the hippocampus neurons(海马体神经元) differed depending on whether the rats were placed in realworld or VR environments. The new findings are significant as the hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain.When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to synchronize(同步发生) at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as “theta(Θ) waves”，with stronger Θwaves seeming to improve the brain's ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rat's Θwaves became stronger.“It turns out that amazing things happen when the rat is in virtual reality，”said Prof Mayank Mehta from UCLA. The scientists also found that VR environments could change different electrical rhythms(节律) in different parts of the neurons, which indicates that scientists may be able to control human brain rhythms.“This is a new technology that has great potential，”Mehta said. The study also indicates why VR may stimulate these unique brain waves. A big part of it, Mehta puts, may be down to the very different set of stimuli presented in VR.Imagine that you're approaching a doorway in real life. Your eyes see the door getting larger. But how do you know that you're moving forward and the door isn't coming to you? The answer is that your brain uses information such as the acceleration of your head through space or the shift of weight from one foot to the other—information that may not be present during a VR experience.28. According to the passage, why are the new findings important?A. VR's contributions to learning have finally been identified.B. VR can affect electrical activity in the hippocampus neurons.C. VR produces the same effects on brains as real environments.D. VR is likely to become another driver for learning and memory.29. What can we learn about Θwaves?A. They don't respond to different brain rhythms.B. They remain stable in different environments.C. They affect how human perceive knowledge.D. They have little to do with the rate of heartbeats.30. What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The potential of the new technology.B. The control of human brain rhythms.C. The change in different parts of neurons.D. The stimulation of the unique brain waves.31. How does the author introduce VR's different set of stimuli?A. By conducting further tests on rats.B. By comparing different environments.C. By providing a detailed analysis.D. By explaining the theory of VR.28～31 BCDBOne night in 1966, Michael Chapman rushed into afolk-music club in Cornwall, England to get out of the rain, and soon found himself onstage playing the guitar.“They offered me a job to play for the rest of the summer.And I've been playing ever since，”Chapman says.“I've told that story so many times, but it's absolutely true.If it hadn't been raining that night, I wouldn't be talking to you.”The British guitar player has spent the 50 years since then on the road.He released some praised albums in the 1970s, but his health went downhill in the 80s and 90s.Like a lot of British artistsin the 1960s, Chapman taught himself to play the guitar by listening to American jazz and blues records.Chapman actually taught photography, but quit when he was 26 to play music full time.When he was starting out, he was often compared to other British acoustic guitar heroes of the time, like John Martyn and Bert Jansch.“The fascinating thing about Michael Chapman is that he doesn't fit in with those guys of his generation, ”says Andrew Male, a music journalist.“He's always been an outsider.He never moved to London.”And while he never became part of the London music scene, Chapman was noticed by those musicians.“The 70s caught up with him in the 80s, ”Male says.“He had a huge heart attack at the end of the 80s that nearly finished him off.When he made his way back into the world in the early 90s, people had forgotten about him.”But not everyone.A younger generation of musicians in America, including Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth and a younger singer and guitarist named Steve Gunn, recently rediscovered Chapman.“We wanted to capture Michael's voice and character where he is now.You know, it's a little road-weary, but he still has it, ”Gunn says.“For me, it was really important to get that right.”“He's the right old musician for present times，”Male says.“I think the music he makes seems quite in tune with where we're at.”1．Which can best describe Michael Chapman's first involvement in music?A．Untrue. B．Accidental.C．Unfortunate. D．Reasonable.2．What can we learn about Michael Chapman from the text?A．He has taught photography for 26 years.B．He taught himself to play the guitar and did far better than John Martyn.C．To some degree, he is not accepted by other people of his generation.D．He is one of the best guitar players in the early 90s.3．Why did Michael Chapman quit his music career once?A．He lost his special voice.B．He suffered from a severe heart attack.C．He got tired of competing with others.D．He was almost forgotten by everyone.4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．The Rise and Fall of Guitar MusicB．The Sad Story of a Guitar MusicianC．A New Generation Helps an Old Guitar MusicianD．A Brief Introduction to a Guitar MusicianBCBD。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精选训练含答案Notpla is a London-based firm that makes a seaweed-based substitute for single-use plastic packaging.Although some of Notpla’s products are suitable to be eaten，they are designed to be dissolved(溶解) after usage.The company’s film wrap is made of seaweed lining instead of a conventional plastic based coating.This makes the film fully biodegradable and ideal for use as packaging for cupboard and bathroom supplies like coffee and toilet paper.According to the United Nations,331 million kilograms of plastic garbage is produced annually around the world.Roughly 60% of the estimated 9.15 billion tons of plastic produced since the early 1950s has been taken to landfills or abandoned outdoors.Plastics harm the water，the air，and our bodies.Many experts agree that single-use plastics are unnecessary and dangerous.Some governments and towns in the United States have taken action.New York has banned most plastic shoppingbags，while plastic straws(吸管) have been banned in Miami Beach.Overseas，India stated in August that it plans to put a wide ban on single-use plastics this upcoming summer，with the European Union already implementing this ban.Seaweed comes in a variety of species and can be harvested or farmed.Notpla uses plants that have been farmed.Rodrigo Garcia Gonzalez and Pierre Paslier，the inventors of Notpla，initially considered seaweed as a solution to the world’s plastic problem for several reasons.Seaweed is abundant and grows quickly.Additionally it doesn’t compete with land crops and is highly favored for its ability to remove some waste products like carbon from the atmosphere.In cooperation with the online food ordering service Just Eat，the start-up recently tested its st year，the two companies handed out 30,000 takeaway boxes at various UK restaurants.Plans are in the works to offer the boxes across Europe in 2022.Notpla’s team intends to replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more generally as they scale.The company recognizes the difficulty of such a job given the volume of plastics consumed around the world.5．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 2?A．By comparing facts.B．By presenting figures.C．By raising questions.D．By giving examples.6．What can best replace the underlined word “implementing”in paragraph 3?A．Lifting.B．Protecting.C．Opposing.D．Performing.7．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A．The wide use of seaweed.B．The next goal of the new study.C．The huge market of the plastic bags.D．The advantages of choosing seaweed.8．What does the company think of its plan to replace the whole single-use plastic?A．It will be unpractical.B．It will be richly rewarded.C．It will be a little tough.D．It will be rather successful.Several years ago，Jason Box，a scientist from Ohio，flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier(冰川) in Greenland.He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice，and then left.His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun，keeping the ice cool below.When he came back to check the results，he found it worked.Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice.He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants were shut down，no jobs were lost，and nobody was taxed or fired.Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.“Thank you，but no thank you，”says Ralph King，a climate scientist.He told Grey Childs，author and commentator，that people think technology can save the planet，“but there are other things we need to deal with，like consumption.They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier.”This experiment，quote-unquote，gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior.It can’t.Technology won’t give us a free ride.Individuals respond to climate changedifferently.Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims，but we will be climate choosers.More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives，the engineers will get smarter，the tools will get better，and one day we will control the climate.But that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back，”Grey writes.“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will，”he says.Me？I like it better when the earth takes care of itself.I guess one day we will have to run the place，but for the moment，sitting at my desk，looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling，I’m happy not to be in charge.1．Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph?A．To introduce a possible solution to climate change.B．To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.C．To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.D．To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.2．Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?A．The fight against climate change will not succeed.B．Technology is not the final solution，let alone its high cost.C．It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.D．Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.3．What is Grey Childs’attitude to human’s controlling the climate?A．Favorable.B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．But Should We Fix the Climate?B．Is Climate Change a Real Problem?C．How Can We Take Care of the Earth?D．What If All the Glaciers Disappeared?。

2023版名校高考英语阅读理解精练含答案解析建议用时：6分钟难度：★★☆☆☆词数：156语篇类型：应用文主题语境：写信Ms Black,I saw the notice about the dance classes that you are offering(提供）.I love dance, and I'm already a very good Latin dancer. Now, I'm interested in learning jazz dance(爵士舞）,but before I sign up(报名）,I have a few questions for you.First, where will your classes take place(进行）? I can travel a little bit for them, but I don't want to have to go too far. Second, do you teach from 3: 00 pm to 5:00 pm on Fridays? That would be the best time for me because I can't go to the classes you have on Tuesday and Thursday evenings. Finally, do you offer adiscount(折扣）on group classes? Five of my friends said that they would join me if I signed up for one.Please email me back. I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely,Emily Jones1. Ms Black is probably a(n)____.A. pop singerB. dance teacherC. office workerD. bank manager2. Emily writes this email to Ms Black because____.A. she wants to ask Ms Black some questionsB. she misses Ms Black very muchC. Ms Black can teach her Latin danceD. Ms Black will give her a good price3. When does Emily want to take the dance classes?A. On Friday afternoons.B. On Thursday evenings.C. On Wednesday afternoons.D. On Tuesday evenings.4. Emily wants to know the following things EXCEPT(除了）____A. the place of the dance classesB. the way to sign upC. the price of group classesD. the time of the dance classes5. What can we learn about Emily from this email?A. She is a famous dance teacher.B. She heard about Ms Black from her friends.C. Her home is far away from where Ms Black teaches.D. Some of her friends are also interested in the dance classes.词汇短语already adv. 已经；早已We got there early but Mike had already left.我们提早到了那里，但是Mike已经离开了。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案A new study published in Thursday’s edition of Cell reports that mosquitoes’sense of smell is more complex than we once thought. And it may explain how they are so good at seeking us out in the darkness and lead to new strategies to fight against the potentially deadly diseases caused by their bites.Until Meg Younger, co-author of the study, and her colleagues started studying mosquitoes, it’s long been known that mosquitoes rely on multiple clues to target humans, First, they will sense the CO2 in the breath from a distance that can be more than 30 feet. After the CO2, then they begin to sense human body smells. They follow the odors(气味) and, when they get very close, start to detect body heat. Once they land on the skin, they look for a place to bite with their legs.In many parts of the world, their bites may lead to such diseases as dengue, Zika, chikungunya and malaria. The latter disease alone causes over half a million deaths each year around the globe.“But most of what we know about mosquitoes’sense of smell comes from the study of the brains of mice and fruit flies, where the pathways between the brain and smell detectors are fairly simple: Each neuron(神经元) in their smell detectors just responds to a single kind of smell and all the neurons for that smell are connected to the same part of their brains. Of course, there are countless different detectors responding to countless smells,”says Younger. “When we started looking inside mosquito brains, we found that each neuron can detect multiple smells.”“It’s a great breakthrough,”says Josefina del Marmol, a scientist at the Harvard Medical School who wasn’t involved with the research. “It will change a lot about what we know of how mosquitoes interact with the world and give researchers additional ways to fight the bugs. But there’s more work to be done to test, neuron by neuron, which neuron actually responds to which human body smells.”12. What can be learned about mosquitoes from paragraph 2?A. They look for a place to bite with their eyes.B. They can only detect humans within 30 feet.C. They are first attracted by human body smells.D. They are more sensitive to the CO2 in the breath.13. Which disease causes more than 0.5 million deaths each year in the world?A. Malaria.B. Zika.C. Dengue.D. Chikungunya.14. What is Meg Younger’s new discovery?A. The pathways in the brains of mice are fairly simple.B. A neuron in mosquitoes’detectors can detect many smells.C. All the neurons for a smell are connected to the same part of the brain.D. The neurons in fruit flies’brains just respond to a single kind of smell.15. What does Josefina del Marmol say about the new study?A. The process is not very complete.B. The conclusion is not very reliable.C. More specific tests have to be done.D. The research method is too complex.【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. CFor anyone trying to lose weight, there’s a truth we can all universally acknowledge that better health is often positioned as a numbers game. Hit the right number, and all your health problems will magically resolve, so the logic goes. Yet increasingly, science is revealing that losing weight may not be a silver bullet after all. In a mouse study published in the journal Science, looking specifically at an inflammatory( 炎症的) eye condition linked to obesity called macular degeneration( 黄斑退化), researchers found the struggle for better health doesn’t necessarily begin and end with weight loss.Researchers conducted experiments on mice that were fed a high-fat diet for 11 weeks, making them gain weight. The micewere then put on a diet of low-fat food for 9 weeks, making them lose weight. Another group of mice only ate the low-fat diet as a control. Researchers shot lasers into the eyes of both the yo-yo dieter mice and the control mice to encourage atypical blood vessel ( 非典型性血管) growth, a mark of macular degeneration.Among the mice that had gained and then lost weight, there was about 40 percent more atypical blood vessel growth than their stable diet peers. Driving the growth appeared to be macrophages( 巨噬细胞). In the yo-yo dieter mice, these cells had been reprogrammed to cause inflammation. Taken together, these cells appeared to have an outsize role in atypical blood vessel growth in the eyes. Meanwhile, in the mice fed only a low-fat diet, inflammatory changes were absent. The results suggest that eating a high-fat diet that causes weight gain, even if followed by weight loss, leaves an inflammatory mark on mouse macrophages.The research comes during a period of renewedinterest in anti-obesity drugs. But medicines that helppeople shed pounds do not treat inflammation linked to ahistory of weight gain. “How to engage thesefindings with medicine interventions is a challenge,”says Bapat, head of the research.1. Which of the following best explains “a silver bullet ”underlined in paragraph1?A. A workable solution.B. A tough choice.C. An ultimate objective.D. A major challenge.2. How do researchers carry out the experiment?A. By making comparison.B. By listing examples.C. By controling test methods.D. By analyzing diet components.3. What can we learn about the research results?A. Stable dieting drives the growth of macrophages.B. Reprogrammed cells are to blame for weight gain.C. Inflammatory changes are caused by the low-fat diet.D. Losing weight doesn’t resolve the inflammation tied to weight gain.4. What will the research focus on next?A. Exploring ways of losing weight.B. Tracking the history of weight loss.C. Treating obesity-linked inflammation.D. Boosting interest in anti-obesity drugs.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读训练含答案A man wearing sunglasses grabs the mic and stands in a relaxed posture ready to make the audience laugh. Seeing how easily he moves, one can hardly notice that the stylish comedian, Gao Xiang, has any problems with vision.Gao was diagnosed with the rare eye disease —Stargardt. Initially, he refused to accept the cruel situation. He kept escaping the fact until 2013, when he could use the computer more efficiently with the help of special programs designed to help visually disabled people . Consequently, he got the courage to be frank about his and found that people didn' t care about the problem as he had imagined. His working ability also helped remove any feelings of inferiority that he had. He tried to become mentally stronger to accept reality and get his life back on track.Two years ago, he decided to become a full-time stand-up comedian. What has been motivating Gao to be so active in the comedy industry is his eagerness to draw the public;s attention to the disease. "As it is a rare disease, medical institutions and companies might lack the driving force to make great efforts to finda cure,“ he says. want to unite the patients in China and voice out loud our urgent demands/1Besides, he and two friends launched a public account on WeChat called Stargardt Care Center, through which they share inspiring stories of people suffering from the eye disorder, instructions for those on how to use computers and translations of foreign essays that explore the possibilities of curing the disease. By now, the account has managed to attract more than 1, 000 Stargardt patients and their family members. And some Non- Governmental Organisations also have got in touch with them to see if they could provide help to the community."Stand-up comedy has saved me and enabled me to meet interesting people and do what is worth doing,“ Gao says.4.What does the underlined word “inferiority" in paragraph 2 mean?A.Being proud.B.Being bored.C. Being unconfident.D. Being modest.5.What drove Gao to become a comedian?A.His eagerness for money.B.His faith in challenging himself.C.His ability in performance.D.His desire to fight the disease.6.What can people do with the Gao z s public account?A.The visually disabled can learn computer skills.B.Experts can provide medical help for the patients.C.Patients can read original articles about the disease.edians can post jokes to meet interesting people.7.Which of the following could best describe Gao Xiang?A. Sensible and tolerant.8.Positive and inspiring.9.Talented and aggressive.10.Enthusiastic and punctual.CDABMercy Baggs is reflecting on her future. "Should I live to 95, Iwould do another parachute jump, " she says. She first jumped when she was 77 in honor of her achievements as mayor of the Wiltshire town of Caine. Then she jumped again last March, a day before her 90th birthday, to raise funds for Wiltshire air ambulance.“This is the thrill of it, " she says. "You go up, and then that door opens and the wind starts to come through. You free-fall for a long time. " She has always enjoyed risks since she was a child, when people used to look down on her. But nobody does now.As a child, she lived in poverty and also went through ups and downs, am very sensitive to people who are more unfortunate, " Baggs says. As a young adult, she joined the British Transport Commission police, but dealing with children who couldn't find their parents was too much to bear. knew what they were going through. I like kids. I really do. " Later she left the police and worked in Wiltshire council. But no doubt her childhood fed into her actions as a councillor, and later mayor in Caine, where she helped to set up a drop-in centre for young people. The drop-in was one of the causes she raised money for with that first leap out of the plane.But why a parachute jump? At the time, her late husband, John, was ill with bowel cancer. He said, do wish you wouldn't do it. " She said, "John, it's life. I've got to do something."Baggs has never been fazed by ageing. She says that she wanted “to show that you don't have to sit on your backside knitting or watching television all the time. There's a world out there. There's a life out there. " She hopes for at least one more skydive, maybe a go on a lOOmph zip wire and "a peaceful end”.4.Why did Mercy Baggs make her first parachute jump?A.To celebrate her 90h birthday.B.To make others look up to her.C. To raise funds for an air ambulance.D. To mark her term of office as mayor.5.What impact did her childhood experiences make on her career?A.She did parachute jumps as a part-time job.B.She showed great concern for unlucky children.C.She found it very tough to work with young people.D.She left the drop-in centre and prepared a run for mayor.6.What does the underlined word "fazed“ mean in the last paragraph?A.Disturbed.B.Abandoned.C.Witnessed.D.Embarrassed.A.What does Baggs intend to convey with one more jump?A. It is never too old to learn.B.Enjoy life with her family.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.Be brave to face challenges in life.DBAD以上就是本文的全部内容。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案diffuseIn the endless sky, the unaided human eye should be ableto perceive several thousand stars on a clear, darknight. Unfortunately, growing light pollution has disabled people from the nightly view.New citizen-science-based research throws alarming light on the problem of “sky glow”—the diffuse illumination(漫射照明) of the night sky that is a form of light pollution. The data came from crowd-sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night, a program developed by astronomer Connie Walker.Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and wildlife, since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved alongside. Furthermore, the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage. Until relatively recently, humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky, and the effect of this nightly spectacle(壮观) is evident in ancient cultures.Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006. Anyone can submit observations through the Globe at Night web application. Participants record which one best matches what they can see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments.Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9. 6% per year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites. Existing satellites are not well suited to measuring sky glow as it appears to humans, because they can not detect wavelengths shorter than 500 nanometers(纳米). White LEDs, with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers, now are increasingly commonly used in outdoor lighting. But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter wavelengths at nighttime. Space-based instruments do not measure light from windows, either. But these sources are significant contributors to sky glow as seen from the ground.“The increase in sky glow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our efforts and developing new strategies to protect dark skies,”said Walker. “The Globe at Night dataset is necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changesin sky glow, and we encourage whoever can to get involved to help protect the starry night sky.”12. What is a purpose of Globe at Night?A. To develop new light sources.B. To collect data on star visibility.C. To help astronomers explore space.D. To popularize science among citizens.13. What does the loss of visible stars lead to?A. Poorer human health.B. Fewer wildlife species.C. More delicate biological systems.D. Less nightly culture elements of the sky.14. What does the author stress in paragraph 5?A. Satellites play a vital role.B. White LEDs are widely used.C. Crowd-sourced data are invaluable.D. Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect.15. What can be inferred from Walker’s words?A Their consistent efforts pay off.B. The dataset needs to be updated.C. More participants are expected to join in.D. The sky glow has been over—emphasized.The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症) in later life—and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.Lead researcher Dr Helena Hörder，of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden，said：“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher，while 92 women were in the medium fitness category.A total of 59 were of low fitness level，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health problems.These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During that time,44 of the women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia，compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.“However，this study does not show cause andeffect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia，it only shows an association，”said Hörder.“More research is neededto see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.”She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all ofwhom were from Sweden，so the results might notbe applicable to other groups.27．What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?A．Positive effects of doing exercise.B．Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.C．Experimental studies on dementia.D．Advantages of sporty women over men.28．Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise?A．To predict their maximum heart rate.B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity.C．To change their habit of working out.D．To detect their potential health problems. 29．What do we know about Dr Hörder’s study?A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia.B．Data collection was a lengthy process.C．Some participants withdrew from it.D．The results were far from satisfactory.30．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia D．Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness以上就是本文的全部内容。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent.News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste”agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai”in the West African country of Benin.Nzamujo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father—a driving force in his life who encouragedhim to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.Songhai has several “eco-literacy”development programs. They range from 18-month training courses forfarmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigeria, Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia. Nzamujo says they’ve trained more than7,000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30,000 people in total since it began. Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat: hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further.4. Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes?A. Poor soil.B. Water shortage.C. Lack of resources.D. Unsustainability.5. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?A. Introduce a solution.B. Give examples to the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Summarize the previous paragraphs.6. How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine?A. By offering land.B. By trading seeds.C. By educating farmers.D. By selling technology.7. Which of the following best describes Nzamujo?A. Critical and careful.B. Learned and responsible.C. Optimistic and generous.D. Considerate and ambitious.A walk around the workplace is also a trip back in time. The office is where colleagues meet, work and bond. But it is also a time capsule, a place where the traces of historic patterns of working are visible everywhere. The pandemic has heightened this sense of office as a dig site for corporate archaeologists.The most obvious object is the landline phone(固定电话), a reminder of the days when mobility meant being able to stand up and keep talking. Long after people have junked them in their personal lives - less than 15% of Americans aged between 25 and 34 had one at home in the second half of 2021- landline phones survive in offices.There might be good reasons for its persistence: they offer a more secure and stable connection than mobile phones, and no one worries that they are about to run out of battery. In practice, the habit of using them was definitely lost during the pandemic.Now they sit on desk after desk, rows of buttons unpressed, ring tones unheard.Landline phones were already well on their way out before covid-19 struck. Whiteboard charts have suffered a swifter reverse. These objects signal a particular type of pain- people physically crowded together into a room while a manager sketches a graph with a marker pen and points meaningfully to the top-right-hand corner, giving requirements never to be satisfied. This manager is still making graphs but is now much more likely to use a PowerPoint. The crowd is still being tortured but is now much more likely to be watching on the screen. The office still has whiteboards, but they are left in corners and the charts on them are slowly yellowing.Real archaeologists need tools and time to do their painstaking work: brushes, shovels and picks. Corporate archaeology is easier: you just need eyes and a memory of how things used to be. But you also need to be quick as more and more work places are revamped for the post-pandemic era. Now its time to take a careful look around the office: you may see something that will soon seem outdated.28. Why does the author refer to the office as a time capsule?A. You can travel back in time in the office.B. You can dig out what has been buried for years in the office.C. You can easily find some old-fashioned practices in the office.D. You can work with archaeologists to study the history in the office.29. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 and 4?A. Whiteboard charts went useless due to new technologies.B. More employees prefer online meetings to physical gatherings.C. Landline phones still exist in offices because they don’t need batteries.D. Many employees show a negative attitude to some routine work in companies.30. What does the underlined word “revamped”in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Transformed.B. Abandoned.C. Discovered.D. Reserved.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. The Impact of Pandemic on WorkplaceB. The Archaeology of the OfficeC. Why Landline Phones Went Outdated?D. The History of Old-fashioned Objects。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案Yo-Yo Ma is an American cellist (大提琴家) born in Paris to Chinese parents.His musical career is a testament to his belief in culture's power to generate trust and understanding.Whether performing works, engaging unexpected musical forms, or working with communities and institutions to explore culture's role in society, he works to create a better world that begins with culture.Expanding upon this belief, in 1998 he established Silkroad, a collective of artists worldwide creating music that engages many traditions.In addition to presenting performances, Silkroad cooperates with museums and universities to develop training programs for teachers, musicians, and learners of allages.Through his work with Silkroad, he frequently performs lesser-known music.Besides, he partners with communities and institutions to develop programs that champion culture's power to transform lives and create a more connected world.Among his many roles, he is artistic director of the annual Youth Music CultureGuangdong festival, a UN Messenger of Peace, and the first artist ever appointed to the World Economic Forum's board of trustees.When the pandemic began, Yo-Yo began an online series titled “Songs of Comfort”to ease anxieties.His short, self-shot videos soon reached over 18 million people.On March 13, 2021, after receiving the 2nd COVID-19 shot, he transformed a clinic into a temporary concert hall, in a moment that residents called a symbolic representation of “the light at the end of the tunnel”．Yo-Yo Ma once said every generation has a chance to do better, to create a world that works for all.To him, doing better begins with culture —the point at which the arts, sciences, and society cross.1．The underlined word “testament”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”．A．thought B．proofC．invitation D．reaction2．What do we know about Silkroad from the text?A．It offered music trainings independently.B．It was set up by museums and universities.C．It benefited traditional and unpopular music.D．It was intended to create more musical forms. 3．Which of the following best describes Yo-Yo Ma?A．Fair and determined.B．Humorous and smart.C．Generous and traditional.D．Open-minded and positive.4．What's the best title for the text?A．Music Knows No BoundariesB．Music Matters to Build a Connected WorldC．Yo-Yo Ma: Dream and Hope Make One Artist Innovator D．Yo-Yo Ma: Pathway to a Better World Begins with Culture BCDDThe concept of ownership comes so easily to humans that even preschoolers have got it.Robots，on the other hand，often struggle to grasp such abstract concepts.Now a well-mannered robot that can make it has been programmed.“Teaching robots ownership-related etiquette(礼仪) is really，really worthwhile，”says Matthias Scheutz，a computer scientist at Tufts University.“We can’t just send out robots who are unaware of who owns what...If I instruct a robot to ‘build a fence’，and it goes to the neighbor’s and starts ‘stealing’boards，that’s not what we have in mind.”The new socially conscious robot can learn who owns what from clear statements as well as its own observations.The robot learns its code of conduct(行为准则) from direct orders and generalizing from specific examples.For instance，if the robot is told not to touch several objects that it knows belong to specific people，the robot will deduce that，as a general rule，it shouldn’t touch owned objects.Artificial intelligence(AI) expert Tan Xuan and colleagues at Yale University found out how the robot reacts in experiments with blocks on a table.In one session，Tan played with only the red blocks，leading the robot to infer that these blocks belongedto the same person.When Tan instructed the robot to throw away everything on the table and the machine reached for a red block，Tan stopped the robot，saying，“That’s mine.”Now aware that it should not throw Tan’s belongings，and assuming that the rest of the red blocks belonged to Tan as well，the robot cleared the table of everything but red blocks.Later，when Tan’s colleague Jake Brawer directed the robot to throw out a red block，the robot replied，“Sorry，I’m forbidden to throw it away if it’s owned by Tan.”Though robots may have more difficulty understanding who owns what in situations filled with far more objects of much wider variety than blocks on a table，Scheutz called it a good “first attempt”at equipping robots with an appreciation of ownership.5．What does the second paragraph focus on?A．The way of teaching robots ownership.B．The basics of the human-robot relationship.C．The benefit of robots’learning ownership.D．The importance of robots’learning code of conduct.6．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “deduce”in Paragraph 3?A．Conclude. B．Admit.C．Agree. D．Doubt.7．Why did Tan Xuan use the blocks in experiments?A．To train the robot.B．To predict the robot’s move.C．To test the robot’s behavior.D．To study the robot’s preference.8．What does the author want to show by mentioning Jake Brawer in the last paragraph?A．The robot knows who to obey.B．The robot can learn who owns what.C．The robot follows no wrong orders.D．The robot can solve complex situations.DACB。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty (忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reducea celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion - like celebrity - has always been temporary.8. Fashion magazines today ________.A. seldom put models on the coverB. no longer put models on the coverC. need not worry about celebrities’market potentialD. judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly9. “loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels”in Paragraph 3 echoes the idea that _______.A. ordinary consumers are more concerned with price rather than brand nameB. celebrity branded products can be an instant successC. consumer’s enthusiasm for celebrity branded products prove to be inconstantD. to consumers, quality matters more than the outside of products.10. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly ________.A. decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his productsB. damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general publicC. cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show businessD. influence the price of a celebrity’s products11. The passage is mainly about ________.A. celebrity and personal styleB. celebrity and market potentialC. celebrity and fashion designD. celebrity and clothing industryWildlife conservation is the practice of protecting animal species and their habitats. It is achieved partially through legislation. For example, the Endangered Species Act, the establishment and protection of public lands, and responsible public practices that conserve wild animal populations.The Endangered Species Act (ESA)of 1973 is our nation’s strongest law protecting wild plants and animals. It is enforced by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Under the act, a species can be designated as “threatened”or “endangered”. Threatened and endangered species are protected under the provisions of the ESA, which restricts human activities that may harm these species and their habitats. Due in part to protections under the ESA, many species have been brought back from the edgeof extinction.In order to survive, a species requires enough food, water, shelter, space, and opportunities to reproduce. In the United States, as elsewhere in the world—habitat destruction is a primary threat to the continued survival of species. Without the existence of suitable habitat, a species will eventually face extinction. Public lands include parks managed by The National Park Service and national wildlife refuges operated by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. These lands are set aside to be protected for animal and plant species, as well as future generations.The introduction of invasive species from far away continents introduced by humans can bring havoc to native plant and animal species. The proliferation(激增)of chemicals in the environment including pesticides PCBs, and oil spills, has the potential to poison wild animals and reduce their reproductive capacities. Wild animal populations can also be threatened by overhunting, wildlife trafficking(非法交易)，and military weapons testing.28. What can we know from paragraph 2?A.ESA’s duty is to classify the species of wildlife.B. ESA has made great achievements in protection.C. Humans’actions made no threat to wildlife before.D. Threatened and endangered species increase greatly.29. Which of the following is vital in protecting wildlife from extinction?A. Enough space.B. Proper temperature.C. Proper living conditions.D. Vast wetlands.30. What does the underlined word “havoc”in last paragraph mean?A. Harm.B. Advantage.C. Nutrition.D. Inspiration.31. What is the suitable title for the text?A. The Main Reasons Why Wildlife Is Dying outB. Efforts Made by Humans to Protect WildlifeC. Wildlife Conservation’s Effects and ChallengesD. Efficient Ways to Keep Wildlife from Extinction。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案Sunlight may have helped remove as much as 17 percent of the oil on the surface of the Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill (泄漏). That means that sunlight plays a bigger role in cleaning up such spills than previously thought, researchers suggested on February 16.When sunlight shines on spilled oil in the sea, it can kick off a chain of chemical reactions, transforming the oil into new compounds. Some of these reactions can increase how easily the oil dissolves in water, called photodissolution (光溶解). But there has been little data on how much of the oil becomeswater-soluble.To assess this, environmental chemists Danielle Haas Freeman and Collin Ward, both of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, placed samples of the Macondo oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill on glass disks and irradiated (照射) them with light using LEDs that send out wavelengths found in sunlight. The two then chemically analyzed theirradiated oil to see how much was transformed into dissolved organic carbon.The most important factors in photodissolution, the researchers found, were the thickness of the slick and the wavelengths of light. Longer wavelengths dissolved less oil, possibly because they are more easily scattered by water, than shorter wavelengths. How long the oil was exposed to light was not as important.Though the team didn’t specifically test for seasonal or latitude differences, computer simulations based on the lab data suggested that those factors, as well as the oil’s chemical makeup, also matter.The researchers estimate irradiation helped dissolve from 3 to 17 percent of surface oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill, comparable to processes such as evaporation and grounding on coastlines. What impact the sunlight-produced compounds might have on marine ecosystems, however, isn’t yet known.12. In which section of a news website may this text appear?A. Education.B. Science.C. Travel.D. Health.13. How does sunlight remove the spilled oil in the ocean?A. By transforming the oil into water.B. By turning the oil into dissolved organic carbon.C. By speeding up the chemical reactions of water.D. By preventing the chemical reactions of the oil.14. What matters most in photodissolution according to Danielle and Collin?A. The oil’s chemical makeup.B. The time of exposure to light.C. Seasonal and latitude differences.D. The thickness of the slick and wavelengths of light.15. What’s the text mainly about?A. Various factors affect the photodissolution of oil spills in the ocean.B. The Deepwater Horizon spill greatly damaged the marine ecosystem.C. Sunlight may help clean up oil spills in the ocean more than previously thought.D. Sunlight-produced compounds might have a great impact on marine ecosystems.Keys BBDC[2021·天津二模卷]From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know”all the words they are reading. This means that when they don't know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I'm going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that's enough for me. Also I'm not going to ask you what words mean.”The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, “Mr Holt, do you really mean that？”I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.”During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations, I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can't be，”and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don't you find parts of it rather heavy going？”She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is—an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding”that can be dug out of a book.1．According to the passage, children's fear and dislike of books may result from ________.A．reading little and thinking littleB．reading often and adventurouslyC．being made to read too muchD．being made to read aloud before others2．The teacher told his students to read ________.A．for enjoymentB．for knowledgeC．for a larger vocabularyD．for higher scores in exams3．Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that ________.A．it sounded stupidB．it was not surprising at allC．it sounded too good to be trueD．it was not different from other teachers' talk4．Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?A．She skipped over those easy parts while reading.B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.C．She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.D．She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.5．From the teacher's point of view, ________.A．children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while readingB．children should be left to decide what to read and how to readC．reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in schoolD．reading involves understanding every little piece of informationKeys DACCB。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Samsung Electronics America announced that Galaxy device owners can make their own repairs to the Galaxy S20 and S21 family of products, as well as the Galaxy Tab S7+, starting August 2nd.Samsung is cooperating with iFixit,the leading online repair community, to deliver their Self-Repair program. This program adds to Samsung’s continued expansions for convenient repair for consumers and helps them with sustainable solutions to support a more circular economy by extending the life of their devices, as well as minimizing e-waste.Samsung consumers who wish to make their own repairs can now purchase real device parts and convenient, easy-to-use repair tools, available through iFixit, Samsung retail (零售) and service locations, at the same pricing offered to our repair providers. In addition, Galaxy device owners will have full access to online repair guides that provide both visual and written step-by-step instructions, and best of all, at no cost.“Making replacement parts available is a key sustainability strategy. We’re excited to be working directly with Samsung and their customers to extend the lifetime of their phones,”said CEO of iFixit.Starting today, Galaxy device owners can replace the phone screen, back glass, and charging ports. In the future, Samsung plans to expand self-repair to include more devices and repair options from our extensive product portfolio (产品组合).Furthermore, the program makes it easy for consumers to return their thrown-away parts for responsible recycling, as the new display kits will come with a return label to shipthrown-away parts back to Samsung — at no cost to the consumer.In addition to the convenience of these new self-repair options, Galaxy smartphone owners have a choice on how they can extend the life of their devices across Samsung’s expansive care options, including: Through Samsung’s perfect care network, customers have access to over 11,000 Samsung Mobile certified repair technicians in the U.S.12. Who will do the repair work under the Self-Repair program?A. The iFixit community.B. The Galaxy consumers.C. Samsung Repair staff.D. The devices themselves.13. What is the Samsung company aiming to do according to paragraph 2?A. To promote a circular economy.B. To make full use of the old parts.C. To enrich the life of the phone users.D. To ensure better service by iFixit.14. Which of the following is free of charge?A. The Samsung device parts.B. New Samsung products.C. The written repair instructions.D. The easy-to-use repair tools.15. Which can be the best title for the text?A. A New InventionB. A New TechnologyC. A Successful CooperationD. An Initiative practiceAlice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’teeth, instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?”With that in mind,Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her parents’help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded hercompany early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.28．How did Moore react to her dad’s warning?A．She argued with him.B．She tried to find a way out.C．She paid no attention.D．She chose to consult dentists.29．What is special about CanCandy?A．It is beneficial to dental health.B．It is free of sweeteners.C．It is sweeter than other candies.D．It is produced to a dentists’recipe.30．What does Moore expect from her business?A．To earn more money.B．To help others find smiles.C．To make herself stand out.D．To beat other candy companies.31．What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story? A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.B．A youth is to be regarded with respect. C．Positive thinking and action result in success. D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied B AB C。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the mediumfitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness."However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only showsan association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.7. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?A. Positive effects of doing exercises.B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.C. Experimental studies on diseases.D. Advantages of sporty woman over man8. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?A. To predict their maximum heart rate.B. To assess their cardiovascular capacityC. To change their habits of working outD. To detect their potential health problems9. What do we know about Dr Horder's study?A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia.B. Data collection was a lengthy process.C. Some participants withdrew from it.D. The results were far from satisfactory.10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent DementiaB. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More ExerciseC. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop DementiaD. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular FitnessResearchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary”of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system ofcommunication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,”she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use theirvoices intentionally to communicate messages. This wasa significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling: “Climb on me.”The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,”said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthyin seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of humanlanguage. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,”she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to notgo beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”27. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?A. Memorizing specific words.B. Understanding complex information.C. Using voices to communicate.D. Communicating messages on purpose.28. What did Dr Shultz think of the study?A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.29. What does the underlined word “gulf”in the last paragraph mean?A. Difference.B. Conflict.C. BalanceD. Connection.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthroughB. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skillsC. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdomD. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案There are many sources of debate on a long road trip, including route selection, the choice of snacks ,and, probably most importantly, what to play on the radio. Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio without the need for headphones has been a goal of car makers for decades and scientists may have finally managed it.A team from the University of Le Mans in France carefully positioned microphones, speakers and filters (过滤器) to create personalised sound zones (PSZs) inside a car, and the small regions are where sound from a set of speakers can be heard clearly. Outside these, it can not be heard.One barrier which scientists have previously been unable to overcome was the impact of moving one’s seat. They were able to form a PSZ, but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards or backwards.The French team created a new algorithm (算法) specifically to tackle this issue, which handles the sound waves to create“bright”and “dark”zones in the car. “Loudspeakers are placed in the headrests. and specific filters for each transducer (换能器) are calculated to reproduce a sound signal that maintains. good quality in the zone under consideration and is strongly weakened in other zones.”said Dr Lucas Vindrola, the author of the study. “The key to the technique working properly is having sufficient microphones placed around the car to detect how many people are in the car and where they are sitting. The price to pay is to have control microphones in the passenger section, so that the algorithm can work.”However, the technique is not yet ready to be commercially rolled out as a luxurious optional extra just yet, as it currently works only for a limited range of frequencies.8. What was once a challenge for scientists?A. PSZs could hardly be formed.B. The sound of moving a seat is loud.C. They couldn’t create movable PSZs.D. The seats couldn’t be moved back and forth.9. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. How the impact of moving one’s seat was addressed.B. Why enough microphones are placed around the car.C. When the algorithm can work well for all passengers.D. Where “bright”and “dark”zones are created in the car.10. What can we infer about the new technique?A. It currently works without limitation.B. It has been put into use commercially.C. It can function well with enough microphones.D. It is costly to detect the position of microphones.11. What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To launch a new debate.B. To tackle an old problem.C. To advertise an algorithm.D. To introduce a new technology.Throughout history, many species of animals have been threatened with extinction. When Europeans first arrived in North America, more than 60 million buffalo (水牛) lived on the continent. Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks.Yet not all animals with commercial value face this threat (威胁).The cow, for example, is a valuable source of food, but no one worries that the cow will soon be extinct. Why does the commercial value of ivory threaten the elephant. while the commercial value of beef protects the cow?The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods. Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. Because illegal hunters are numerous, each has only a slight motivation to preserve the elephantpopulation. By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts.Governments have tried to solve the elephant’s problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory. Yet these laws have been hard to put into effect, and elephant populations have continued to dwindle. By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property.With private ownership and the profit motive now on its side, the African elephant might someday be as safe from extinction as the cow. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle pointed out the problem with common resources: “What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they possess in common with others.”8. Why does the author mention buffalo in paragraph 1?A. To introduce a similar threat to elephants.B. To provide an example of species extinction.C. To offer an explanation for government policies.D. To present the statistics of the buffalo in America.9. Why do elephants face threats while cows are safe?A. They are under different law protectionB. They attract different groups of huntersC. They contain different commercial valueD. They represent different ownership types10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A. Bans on killing elephants for ivoryB. Effective laws for elephant protection.C. Methods of making elephants private goodsD. Government policies on the elephant’s problem11. What can we learn from Aristotle’s words?A. People hold little regard for others’propertyB. People want to profit from common resourcesC. People care more about their own possessionD. People tend to take what they own for granted。

2023年名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案Here in the middle of London, something extraordinary is going on. You can hear a loud and unmistakable sound of bees doing what they do best: making honey.What’s more,they’re performing their magic, not inthe leafy acres of nearby park, but up on the balcony of St Ermin’s Hotel. Whereas most urban residences would do their best to keep sting-bearing insects as far away from guests as possible, this hotel opens its doors to the capital’s bees. Theperson who tends this “Bee Hotel”is Camilla Goddard. “In the long run, bees are amazing creatures to work with. You can’t help admiring the way they operate. They really do put the good of the community first,”she says.As well as providing an enjoyable pastime, modern beekeeping is becoming increasingly critical. According to the British Beekeepers Association (BBKA), 70 different UK crops depend on bees for pollination (授粉). Without bees toprovide pollination, one-third of all our food wouldn’t survive. During the Second World War, Winston Churchill was a firm supporter of bees and made sure they got extra supplies to carry on with their pollination work, even as the German army dropped their bombs.“Bees are in danger of disappearing from our environment,”warns Tim Lovett of the BBKA. Today, bee numbers are down by 50 per cent. Using more and more land, agricultural industry reduces spots where bees can live. Crop-protecting pesticides have also led to high death rate of bees. Another blow was an Asian species that first arrived in Devon and then spread across the country. It settled on the bees and not only weakened their immune system but caused their wings to deform (变畸形) so that flying became impossible.Anxious about the decline of beekeeping, the BBKA has produced a school information pack entitled “Bees inthe Curriculum”. Once the children have been around bees for a while, they understand the service that bees provide for us, rather than seeing them as the source of stings.12. What do we know about Camilla Goddard?A. She has never got bee stings herself.B. She tries to make her guests bee-free.C. She admires the way in which bees live.D. She owns a bee hotel in a London suburb.13. Why is Winston Churchill mentioned in paragraph 3?A. To criticize the cruelty of war.B. To change the role of bees in the war.C. To highlight the value of bee pollination.D. To awaken the consciousness of saving crops.14. Which is a direct cause of the reduction of bee habitats?A. Modern agriculture.B. Foreign species invasion.C. Hunting from humans.D. Crop-protecting pesticides.15. What’s the best title for the text?A. The number of bees is decreasing sharplyB. Modern beekeeping is ensuring our futureC. Bee Hotel is changing bees’fate in the UKD. Children are educated about the value of beesAn increasingly popular way of eating called reducetarianism may sound like a new weight loss trend. But that’s not the goal; instead, reducetarianism is about cutting down the amount of meat you eat and making small changes that are healthy for you and the planet. “But the vast majority don’t want to go vegan”, says Brian Kateman, co-founder of the Reducetarian Foundation. So he has a simple message for us: “Don’t let perfection be the enemy of the good.”Compared with a vegetarian, reducetarians take a more flexible approach that acknowledges challenges of giving up meat entirely but still limits meat when possible.The opposite side of eating less meat is eating more plant foods. Animal products often replace fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains, leading to lack of nutrients from them. A moreplant-based diet can help lower the risk of health problems including heart disease, colon cancer, and obesity. And research shows the climate toll from raising plant-based foods is less than that caused by animal-based foods. This is largely because it takes much more land, water, and other resources to produce a pound of meat than plant protein, says Dana Ellis, a dietitian.The type of meat you buy matters too. Grass-fed meat—from animals raised without antibiotics (抗生素)—tend to be the more sustainable options. By grazing, cows encourage grass growth and nutrient turnover in the soil, which may help offset cattle’s climate impact, according to a study published in 2021.Looking for local produce that requires no air transport and cutting down the food waste are also significant aspects of being a reducetarian. The message of reducetarianism is that you don’t have to be perfect to help yourself and the planet by making small changes in how you eat and shop for food. And that’s something we all can accomplish.8. What does reducetarianism refer to?A. A novel weight loss trend.B. A healthy diet with little meat.C. An idea of accepting imperfection.D. An approach to being a vegetarian.9. Why should eating more plant foods be encouraged?A. It helps to free people from diseases.B. It guarantees all the nutrients needed.C. It allows people to obtain more protein.D. It causes less damage to the environment.10. Who is more likely to be a reducetarian according to the passage?A. A meat loverB. A cow raiser.C. A keen environmentalist.D. A devoted vegetarian.11. What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?A. Local produce can offer more nutrition.B. Reducetarianism is something imperfect.C. Any amount of food waste should be avoided.D. Small changes in diet better man and the earth.。

2023年名校版高考英语阅读理解精读内测版含答案Experts used to believe that people assess risk like actuaries (精算师), figuring out cost-benefit analyses every time a car came too close or local crime rates rose. But a wave of psychological experiments in the1980s denied this thinking.Researchers found that people use a set of mental shortcuts for measuring danger. And they tend to do it unconsciously, meaning that instinct (直觉) can play a much larger role than they realize. Ideally, these shortcuts help people figure out which ones to worry about and which to disregard. But they can be imperfect.When you encounter a potential risk, your brain does a quick search for past experiences with it. If it can easily pull up multiple alarming memories, then your brain concludes the danger is high. But it often fails to assess whether those memories are truly representative.A classic example is airplane crashes. If two happen continuously, flying suddenly feels scarier—even if yourconscious mind knows that those crashes are a statistical aberration (统计异常)with little influence on the safety of your next flight. But if you then take a few flights and nothing goes wrong, your brain will most likely start telling you again that flying is safe.That tendency can cut in both directions, leading to either alarm or complacency (自大). Though flu kills tens of thousands of Americans every year, most peoples’experiences with it are relatively ordinary. “We’re conditioned by our experiences,”said Paul Slovic, a University of Oregon psychologist. “But experience can mislead us to be too comfortable with things. We are also conditioned to focus heavily on new threats, looking for any cause for alarm. ”Maybe the most powerful shortcut of all is emotion. Our brains translate emotional reactions into what we believe are reasoned conclusions, even if hard data tells us otherwise. The world in our heads is not a precise copy of reality. Our expectations about frequency of events are misinterpreted by the popularity and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.32. What does the underlined word “disregard”in paragraph 2 mean?A. Fear.B. Ignore.C. Support.D. Prevent.33. Why does the author give an example of airplane crashes?A. To demonstrate how to take a shortcut.B. To emphasize the importance of experience.C. To prove people are good at measuring risks.D. To explain memories can be misleading.34. What makes mental shortcut imperfect?A. Representative memories.B. Reasoned conclusions.C. Scary reports.D. Misinterpreted messages.35. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. How we stick to our beliefsB. How our brains evaluate threatC. How our past experiences shape usD. How we make our best choicesSeveral research groups have previously generated images from brain signals using AI models that require numerous data analysis. Now, Shinji Nishimoto and Yu Takagi at Osaka University in Japan have developed a much simpler approach by slightly adjusting Stable Diffusion, a popular text-to-image generator, allowing it to turn brain signals directly into pictures.Shinji Nishimoto and Yu Takagi built two additional models to help make Stable Diffusion work with brain signals. The pair used data from four people obtained by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (功能磁共振成像技术) to scan their brains while the four were viewing 10,000 pictures.Using around 90 percent of the brain-imaging data, the pair then trained one model to make links between fMRI data from a brain region that processes visual signals and the images that people were viewing. They used the same dataset to train the other model to form links between text descriptions of the images and fMRI data from a brain region that processes the meaning of images. After training, these two models could translate brain-imaging data into forms that were directly fed into the Stable Diffusion model. It could then reconstruct around 1000 of the images people viewed with about 80% accuracy. This level of accuracy is similar to that previously achieved in a study that analysed the same data using a muchmore tedious approach, which involved more time and efforts.However, the study only tested the approach on four people. “This approach requires huge fMRI machines”, says Sikun Lin at the University of California. “In future, more practical versions of the approach could allow people to make art or change images with their imagination, or add new elements to gameplay, but it is still a long way from daily use,”she says.12 What do we know about Stable Diffusion?A. It calls for more data analysis.B. It was created to read brain signals.C. It was launched by Japanese scientists.D. It helps change brain signals into pictures.13. What are the two models intended to do after training?A. To process data.B. To redraw images.C. To scan human brains.D. To match text descriptions.14. What does the underlined word “tedious”mean in paragraph 3?A. Simple.B. Complicated.C. Effective.D. Convenient.15. What does Sikun Lin say about this approach?A It is practical for daily use.B. It has been widely used in art.C. It will enrich people’s imagination.D. It will be applied in a broad range.Introduced species have a bad reputation. It has been believed that the species mix in a particular place should remain as unchanged as possible. But this is just an opinion. Other opinions are possible. A study published recently by Dov Sax of Brown University, thus asks how the benefits of introduced species might be better assessed, so that opinions can be more informed. Specifically, he identifies several aspects for that.Initially, whether introduced species provide direct human advantage is taken into account. Dr. Sax and his colleagues ignored crops, since their benefits are obvious. But they included transplanted grass species that have gone wild，yet provide grazing(牧草)for domestic animals, and introduced forest trees that produce wood for construction.Another factor is their possible benefit to the ecosystem into which the introduction has happened. Such introduction is sometimes made to reduce the risk of a localised species becoming extinct. Pyne’s ground plum(李子)，native to a handful of sites in the central basins of Tennessee but now transplanted to others, falls into this category.The last value is experienced on an emotional rather than a practical level. Lots of people feel good about native wildlife, which is generally the main motive for its conservation. But that feel-good factor can extend to introduced species as well. Such value can cut both ways, however. For example, ring-necked parakeets, an Asian and African species, have been spreading through Britain for several decades. Some find them a colourful addition to the local wildlife, others a noisy competitor for native birds.In light of their analysis, Dr. Sax and his team therefore suggest that researchers studying introduced species should in future create a clear distinction in their studies between changes that have happened and judgments about the value of those changes. In addition, when making those judgments, theyshould acknowledge all types of values, rather than focusing narrowly on one or two of them.That done, many species will surely still be accused of possible damage. But others, badly thought of in the past, may not.8. What is Dr. Sax’s study aimed to do?A. Kecp track of introduced species.B. Get introduced species fully understood.C. Compare opinions on introduced species.D. Identify consequences of introducing species.9. Why was Pyne’s ground plum transplanted to other places?A. To provide graze for local animals.B. To produce wood for construction.C. To build a new local ecosystem.D To save local species from dying out.10. How do local people react to the introduction of ring-necked parakeets?A. They don’t care about it.B. They consider it acceptable.C. They can’t put up with it.D. They hold divided opinions on it.11. What does Dr. Sax suggest to the future researchers?A. Focusing on main values.B. Evaluating evident changes.C. Analyzing previous researches.D. Presenting all-round assessments.As winter arrives,the problem of fogged-up car windscreens becomes more pressing for drivers.Anti-misting sprays（喷雾剂）are one way lo deal with such fogging. But they need frequent reapplication. Another approach is to fix within the thing to be demisted a set of electrically powered heating wires. But becauseof the visual distraction（分心）created，that doesn't work for a car's front windscreen.Iran Hachler and Dimos Poulikakos of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich have,however,come up with another way of warming something up to stop fog forming.Their new material is a coating ten nanometres（纳米）thick.It is flexible，easily made using existing processes,and can be applied as a coating to glass or plastic,or inset inside such materials.Its demisting properties are powered by sunlight.In effect，it is a gold sandwich.The“bread”of this sandwich is a pair of layers（层），top and bottom,of a chemical material,each three nanometres thick.The filling is a four-nanometre deep golden material. The whole structure lets visible light pass unlimited,while absorbing invisible lights and transforming them into heat.It is the filling that warms the glass. Gold acts as a medium in the heating process.The network will now absorb heat if left in the sunshine.The top and bottom layers boost that absorption.Glass coated with Mr Hachler's and Dr Poulikakos's invention is,they claim,four times more effective at preventing fog thanan uncounted surface. It absorbs around 30% of solar radiationincident upon it-which,on a sunny day,increases the temperature of what it is applied to by around 8°C.On a cloudy day,that temperature rise is closer to 3-4°C.But in either casethe enhancement is sufficient both to remove any fog that has formed and to prevent new fog forming.The next step,Mr Hachler says,is to find the product's best market.Even though gold is used,the cost of adding this extra one is low.For the two inventors,though,the idea might prove a gold mine.8.What is the disadvantage of anti-misting sprays?A.They have no lasting effect.B.They damage the windscreens.C.They turn the drivers' attention away.D.They are constantly powered by electricity.9.What is the function of the center layer?A.To save up heat.B.To protect the gold.C.To produce electricity.D.To heat the windscreens.10.What can be inferred about the invention from paragraph 4?A.It is useless on cloudy days.B.It is unable to work at night.C.Coated glass absorbs the visible lights.D.Uncoated glass lowers the temperature by 8°C.11.What does the author think of the new invention?A.It is very costly.B.It hits the market well.C.It is highly profitable.D.It needs further improvement.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案origMany older people around the world have at least one common concern：How to get younger people, hooked on their electronic devices, interested in classic literature.Take the Monkey King, or Sun Wukong, as an example.The main character in the 16th－century classic novel, Journey to the West，is a romantic figure of bravery and adventure that charmed millions of readers before the appearance of online attractions.Havoc in Heaven, a new Peking Opera film, attracted the wider public to the glamor of the traditional Chinese performance art, featuring one of the best－known chaptersfrom Journey to the West.This film, expected to create a new channel to promote Peking Opera, includes nearly all the key ingredients of Peking Opera.It covers all the basic techniques, more than 10 classic tunes, and makeup for dozens of facial representations of different figures’characteristics.It’s actually a big challenge to combine Peking Opera and film, each of which has its own rhythm, according to Cheng Lu，director of the film, who is adopting a fresh approach to presentthe traditional art form.One challenge that Cheng and his production team faced is how to balance the new approach with maintaining the fundamentals of the art.The basic principles and performance skills in Peking Opera cannot be changed.Some background images on stage, such as a painted waterfall, remain, and a live band was on the set to provide sound for the film, rather than employing the prerecorded music.“If we change traditions to cater to people’s taste and preference for a regular film, it will no longer be a Peking Opera piece of art，”Cheng said.On the other hand, some creativity was needed because Cheng and his team did not just want to document a stage puter technology is also applied to achieve some visual effects and to present impossible scenes.Peking Opera films played a powerful role in the 1960s and 70s, but they gave way to more diverse entertainment.In recent years, there has been a recovery in the popularity of Peking Opera films.However, the overuse of special effects in many film adaptations of Peking Opera plays has weakened the original charm of the stage performances.The imagination (enabled by the stage) can never be sacrificed for a film’s expression.12．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A．To blame young people addicted to electronic devices.B．To introduce a new Peking Opera film.C．To express older people’s concern about the young generation.D．To arouse readers’interest in traditional Chinese performance art.13．What did Director Cheng do while producing the film?A．He made changes to basic performance skills.B．He made use of symbols and motions equally.C．He insisted on a band playing music on the scene.D．He brought onto the stage exact details of real life.14．What innovation did Cheng’s team make?A．They opposed a rigid recording of the performance.B．They enriched visual effects with modern technology.C．They allowed actors to repeat actions before the camera.D．They adopted real explosion scenes during the shooting.15．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Imagination is a unique charm of Peking Opera films. B．Technology makes up for the loss of stage imagination. C．There is some possibility for a film to replace Peking Opera.D．The original charm of Peking Opera cannot be sacrificed for films.Wang Zhipu, 16, a high school student begins his voyage into space after class. Positioning a telescope on the balcony at home, he observes the skies, taking photos. Recently, his efforts were rewarded when he won the title of “Young Astronomy Photographer of the Year”in the Royal Observatory Greenwich’s annual astrophotography contest.The event, jointly organized by the Royal Observatory Greenwich in London and the BBC’s Sky at Night magazine, is the world’s biggest astrophotography competition. His winning entry, entitled Family Photo of the Solar System, shows seven ofthe eight planets lined up, with the sun on the left and moon on the right, both pictured larger in size than normal.This year the competition attracted over 4,500 entries from 75 countries. Wang’s photo took first prize in the Young Competition category, an award for photographers aged 15 and under. He entered the competition in February. At the time, he was not yet 16. “I saw photos taken by other photographers in the Young Competition category, and some looked similar to mine, so I thought, why not try?”he said.Wang developed an interest in astronomy after reading about the subject as a child. He taught himself astrophotography by reading books and by searching online. He used a second-hand telescope that his parents had given him. “The first time I used it, I saw the moon. It was splendid. I was thrilled!”he said. Sometimes, he would be so immersed in his observations that he wouldn’t go downstairs to fetch a coat. Other times, he stood for hours under the burning sun to get the perfect shot.In addition to the fame, Wang’s biggest bonus is the 1,500 pound ($2,023) prize money, which will allow him to buy a new camera. “I will keep on. Astronomy will be a lifelong hobby. Itwould be great if I could help popularize science in the future, or become an astronomy teacher,”he said.His passion touched the judges. Sheila Kanani said,“As a planetary scientist, I applaud the work that has gone into creating this photo.”24. What is Wang Zhipu’s winning photo like, according to the passage?A. Seven planets, the sun and the moon are in a straight line.B. Seven planets line up with the sun and the moon on each side.C. Seven planets, the sun and the moon are larger than normal.D. Seven planets are much larger than the sun and the moon.25. What inspired Wang Zhipu to enter the competition?A. Popularity of the competition.B. His desire to win the prize.C. Other competitors’photographs.D. His parents’encouragement.26. Which of the following can replace the underlined words in Paragraph 4?A. Trapped in.B. Absorbed in.C. Connected with.D. Exposed to.27. What do you think the passage most probably is?A. A short biography.B. An online post.C. A diary entry.D. A news report.以上就是本文的全部内容。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案Doug Falter, an American photographer, returned home, teary-eyed and exhausted. He pouted online that evening, "I lost my baby." That "baby" referred to a surfboard that had been custom-made for him. Hours earlier, a big wave had separated Falter from this prized possession.Months passed with no sign of the surfboard. Falter saved money to buy a new surfboard for $ 1,500. But Falter never completely forgot the surfboard, which - six months later and more than 5,000 miles away from where it disappeared-floated to the southern Philippines.The local fisherman who found it didn't have much use of his unusual catch of the day, so he sold the board for $ 40 to Giovanne Branzuela, an elementary school teacher. Branzuela hoped to learn to surf and one day share the skill with his students,who regularly accompany him on beach clean-ups.The once-blue board had faded to a pale straw color during its journey, but its distinctive markings were still there: twoelephants, one at either end. Underneath the elephants were the words "Doug Falter Surfboard".Branzuela couldn't believe it on realizing how far the surfboard had traveled. He reached Falter online and sent him a photo of the surfboard. Falter was shocked to learn that his "baby"had drifted(漂流) across the world's largest ocean and survived. He was overjoyed.But the story was far from over. Falter wanted to thank Branzuela with some surfing supplies for his kind act, but the teacher asked for school supplies instead, such as backpacks for his students and materials to help them learn English.Falter said it made him raise money for the kids. So far, he has collected $ 2,500,which he has used to buy and ship maps, puzzles, classroom posters, textbooks, and workbooks.4. What happened to Doug Falter that afternoon?A. His baby was lost on the beach.B. The sea carried away his surfboard.C. He took excellent photos of the surf.D. His custom-made camera was damaged.5. Why did Giovanne Branzuela buy the surlboard?A. He liked the pale straw color of it.B. He found it belonged to Doug Falter.C. He found the fisherman charged low for it.D. He wanted to learn a new skill to teach his students.6. What can we infer about the surfboard?A. Branzuela kept it as a prized possession.B. Branzuela's students learned surfing with it.C. It was returned to its owner after a long journey.D. Falter sold it to help Philippine children.7. Which of the following can best describe Giovanne Branzuela?A. Selfless.B. Merciful.C. Generous.D. Knowledgeable.The life story of the human species goes back a million years, and there is no doubt that man came only recently to the western hemisphere. None of the thousands of sites of aboriginal (土著的) habitation uncovered in North and South America has antiquity comparable to that of old World sites. Man’s occupation of the New World may date several tens of thousands of years, but no one rationally argues that he has been here even 100,000 years.Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass. With one or two notable exceptions, however, students of American anthropology soon settled for the plausible idea that the first immigrants came b way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest corner of North America across the Bering Strait. Mariners were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow –it is 56 miles wide –but also shallow, a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the straitinto an isthmus (地峡). With little eels in the way of evidence to sustain the Bering Strait land bridge, anthropologists (人类学家) embraced the idea that man walked dryshod (不湿鞋的) from Asia to America.Toward the end of the last century, however, it became apparent that the Western Hemisphere was the New World not only for man but also for a host of animals and plants. Zoologists and botanists showed that numerous subjects of their respective kingdoms must have originated in Asia and spread to America. These findings were neither astonishing nor wholly unexpected. Such spread of populations is not to be envisioned as an exodus or mass migration, even in the case of animals. It is, rather, a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions. But the immense traffic in plant and animal’s forms placed a heavy burden on the Bering Strait land bridge as the anthropologists ahead envisioned it. Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.1.The movement of plants and animals form Asia to America indicates ______.A.that they could not have traveled across the Bering StraitB.that Asia and the Western hemisphere were connected by a large land massC.that the Bering Sea was an isthmus at one timeD.that migration was in the one direction only2.The author is refuting the notion that _____.A.life arose in America independently of life in EuropeB.the first settlers in America came during the sixteenth centuryC.a large continent once existed which has disappearedD.man was a host to animals and plants3.By using the words “boxed the compass “(in Line 7) the author implies that _____.A.the migration of mankind was from West to EastB.the migration of mankind was from East to WestC.mankind traveled in all directionsD.mankind walked from Asia to America4.One reason for the migration not mentioned by the author is _____.A.overcrowdingB.favorable environmental conditionsC.famineD.the existence of a land bridge5.We may assume that in the paragraph that follows this passage the author argues about______.A.the contributions of anthropologistB.the contributions of zoologists and botanistsC.the contributions made by the American IndiansD.the existence of a large land mass between Asia and North America。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Quantum ( 量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with twoquantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.”This is the sort of hype ( 炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,”Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes itespecially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度)”to building a “useful”quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”He adds, “People willnaturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.A. sympatheticB. unconcernedC. doubtfulD. excited32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?A. His dominance in physics.B. The competition in the field.C. His confidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment of tech companies.33.What does the underlined word “prone”in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Open.B. Cool.C. Useful.D. Resistant.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?31. A 32. C 33. A 34. DEcotourism is the opposite of mass tourism.People travel to remote areas and visit faraway places without destroying the environment.Ecotourism is intended __1__ small groups of tourists who want to learn more about nature in a certain area and help people who live there.Eco-tourists travel to places __2__ plants and animals are the main attractions.They want to know more about how people live side by side in __3__ natural habitat.Ecotourism makes people recognize how beautiful the land and the countryside are.Local tour guides show __4__ (visit) how important our environment is.They know how the region has developed over time.Tourists stay in small local houses, as opposed to big hotels in mass tourism regions.Ecotourism started out in the 1980s as an alternative to mass tourism.Today it is one of the __5__ (fast) growing sectors of the tourism industry because more and more people are __6__ (gradual) realizing the importance of the environment.As a result，some countries are using ecotourism __7__ (gain) profits.In some areas，it __8__ (operate) by foreign investors who are only interested in __9__ (they) own profits.However, __10__ (bring) too many people to the remote place could damage local culture.1．for 考查介词。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案I still had a few minutes, so I swung into the cafeteria to graba coffee. That’s when I spotted him: a threatening-looking punk rocker with biker leathers and black leather boots.Honestly, his look scared me, so I quickly went out trying to avoid a potential encounter.It was 1988, and I was a “mature”journalism student, heading to my favorite elective: Sociology-Study of Deviance. Our gray-haired professor was a straight shooter. He usually brought in guest speakers who represented “deviance”. Our guest speakers included an outlandish dancer, a tarot-card reader or even an alcohol addict. And when I was curious that day to see who this session’s speaker was, “Mr. punk rocker”walked in.He started to talk in a soft voice and told us he was a university student, who lived with his grandma who needed help in every aspect. Therefore, he moved in with her and helped with the cooking and shopping, cleaning and laundry. He made sureshe took her meds and tried to make her laugh at least once a day. He described it as a “win-win”for both of them, but I suspected that it was a lot tougher than he made it sound.And then he said: “I just figure it’s normal for you to feel negative about me because of the way I look. But isn’t that the reason for the existence of such a course named Study of Deviance?”Wow. Just wow.“It’s hair and clothing,”he said. “I don’t plan to look this way forever, but for now I like it, and do you think it makes me deviant?”Every so often, I think about that young man. He’d be about fifty now and couldn’t realize how he influenced me. Because of his visit that day, my kids were allowed to wear whatever they wanted, as long as it was relatively clean and not morally abusive. They are upright and kind kids although they sometimes surprise us with red hair or strange trousers. And I am also happy that I do my selective of Sociology-Study of Deviance well.36. The underlined word deviance in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.A. dressing.B. styleC. abnormalityD. maturity37. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the guest speaker is TRUE?A. He was dressed in a frightening way on purpose in order to surprise the students.B. He recognized the author and tried to tutor her during the session.C. He wasn’t aware that many people misjudged him.D. His behaviors didn’t match the appearance he presented.38. Why does the author think she does the course well?A. Because she has learned to enjoy varied fashion styles.B. Because she didn’t miss any of the course sessions.C. Because she knows appearance doesn’t equal one’s quality.D. Because she understands how to educate her kids.Covered in lush fur, the thickest in the animal kingdom, sea otters (海獭) can live their entire lives in the ocean, feeding heavily upon seafloor animals such as shellfish. They are often seen to eat clams(蛤), which bury themselves in meadows of eelgrass (大叶藻场), a wide-ranging plant species growing in water. Eelgrass meadows where sea otters dig for clams become partly bare, which is commonly a concern for ecologists.As it turns out, the meadows with otters are healthier, with more eelgrass, according to a new study published in Science. That's because by gently disturbing the seabed, the otters make the plants flower and produce seeds. What's more, their digging provides more space and sunlight for seeds to settle and grow. The enhanced genetic diversity caused by sea otters could make eelgrass more adaptable to present and future threats.The finding is a powerful example of how animals such as otters influence their ecosystems beyond predation (捕食), often in unseen and little-known ways, says study leader Erin Foster, aresearch associate at the Hakai Institute. It also means sea otters, an endangered species, are vital to their environments and give eelgrass, which is in danger worldwide, a better chance at staying healthy and surviving.Seagrass habitats are also important for many fish, providing food for animals, absorbing, and filtering harmful pollution and bacteria from the water. "Genetic diversity typically strengthens the adaptability of species, and considering the challenges we're facing…this will be important for eelgrass meadows, and from this aspect, the impact the otters are having deserves our lasting concern," says Foster.8. What do we know about sea otters?A. They live part of their lives underwater.B. They mainly feed on sea animals like fish.C. They eat clams beneath eelgrass meadows.D. They become a new concern for ecologists.9. How does the author develop paragraph 2?A. By giving opinions.B. By presenting reasons.C. By clarifying concepts.D. By comparing results.10. Why does the author mention the endangered condition of eelgrass?A. To provide examples of sea otters' predation.B. To show the urgency to protect the environment.C. To highlight the role of otters in their ecosystems.D. To warn against the potential risk of climate change.11. What does Foster think of the impact otters have on underwater meadows?A. Overestimated.B. Noteworthy.C. Temporary.D. Unpredictable.。