2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案xw

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案An artificial intelligence can decode（解码）words and sentences from brain activity with surprising—though still limited—accuracy. Using only a few seconds of brain activity data, the AI guesses what a person has heard. It lists the correct answer in its top 10 possibilities up to 73 percent of the time, researchers found in a study.Developed at the parent company of Facebook, Meta, the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world unable to communicate through speech,typing or gestures, researchers report August 25 at .Most existing technologies to help such patients communicate require risky brain surgeries to implant electrodes. This new approach“could provide a practical path to help patients without the use of invasive methods,”says neuroscience Jeean-Remi King, a Meta AI researcher in Paris.King and his colleagues trained a computational tool to detect words and sentences on 56,000 hours of speechrecordings from 53 languages. "The tool, also known as a language model, learned how to recognize specific features of language. With the help of a computational method, the team tried to decode what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person. The team instructed the AI to match the speech sounds from the story recordings to patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as corresponding to what people were hearing. It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time,given more than 1,000 possibilities. The correct answer was in the,AI's top 10 guesses up to 73 percent of the time, the researchers found.The new study is “decoding of speech perception, not production,”King notes. Though speech production is the ultimate goal,for now,“we’re quite a long way away.”32. What is the main idea of paragraph1?A.The principle of human brain activity.B.The limitation of human brain activity.C. The definition of the artificial intelligence.D. The new function of the artificial intelligence.33. Whom might the AI be beneficial toA.People unable to hear.B.People who can’t move around.C.People who are unconscious.D.People unable to communicate normally.34. What is the purpose of paragraph4A. To analyze the features of the study.B. To state the significance of the study.C. To introduce the process of the study.D. To present the achievement of the study.35. What can we infer about the Al from the passage?A. It performs well in the speech production.B. Its accuracy is far from the research's satisfaction.C. It will help patients avoid dangerous brain surgeries.D. Its language learning ability is beyond expectation.Scientists estimate that more than 95 percent of Earth's oceans have never been observed, which means we have seen less of our planet's ocean than we have the far side of the moon or the surface of Mars. The high cost of powering an underwater camera for a long time, by tying it to a research boat or sending a ship to recharge its batteries, is a steep challenge preventing widespread undersea exploration.MIT researchers have taken a major step to overcome this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that is about 100,000 times more than other undersea cameras. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and transmits image data wireless through the water.The autonomous camera is powered by sound.It transforms mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After capturing and encoding（编码）image data，the camera also uses sound waves to transmit data to a receiver that reconstructs the image.Because it doesn't need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before retrieval, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species. It could also be used to capture images of ocean pollution or monitor the health and growth of fish raised in aquaculture farms.“One of the most exciting applications of this camera for me personally is in the context of climate monitoring. We are building climate models, but we are missing data from over 95 percent of the ocean. This technology could help us build more accurate climate models and better understand how climate change impacts the underwater world,”says Fadel Adib, associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.28. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A. The introduction of new batteries.B. The emphasis on scientists' leading work.C. The advertisement for underwater cameras.D. The difficulty of widespread undersea exploration.29.How is the camera poweredA. It is charged by batteries.B. It uses sound waves to transmit data.C.It changes sound waves into water energy.D.It changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.30. What does the underlined word“retrieval”mean in paragraph4?A. Being fetched.B.Being destroyed.C.Being out of control.D.Being reconstructed.31. What can we learn about the MIT researchers' camera?A. It affects climate change efficiently.B.It will be widely used in some fields.C.It will help know more about Mars' climate.D. It monitors the health and growth of new species.。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Virtual reality can improve brain activity that may be crucial for learning, memory and even treating Alzheimer's, a study on rats has found.After monitoring the rats' brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in a region known as the hippocampus neurons(海马体神经元) differed depending on whether the rats were placed in realworld or VR environments. The new findings are significant as the hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain.When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to synchronize(同步发生) at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as “theta(Θ) waves”，with stronger Θwaves seeming to improve the brain's ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rat's Θwaves became stronger.“It turns out that amazing things happen when the rat is in virtual reality，”said Prof Mayank Mehta from UCLA. The scientists also found that VR environments could change different electrical rhythms(节律) in different parts of the neurons, which indicates that scientists may be able to control human brain rhythms.“This is a new technology that has great potential，”Mehta said. The study also indicates why VR may stimulate these unique brain waves. A big part of it, Mehta puts, may be down to the very different set of stimuli presented in VR.Imagine that you're approaching a doorway in real life. Your eyes see the door getting larger. But how do you know that you're moving forward and the door isn't coming to you? The answer is that your brain uses information such as the acceleration of your head through space or the shift of weight from one foot to the other—information that may not be present during a VR experience.28. According to the passage, why are the new findings important?A. VR's contributions to learning have finally been identified.B. VR can affect electrical activity in the hippocampus neurons.C. VR produces the same effects on brains as real environments.D. VR is likely to become another driver for learning and memory.29. What can we learn about Θwaves?A. They don't respond to different brain rhythms.B. They remain stable in different environments.C. They affect how human perceive knowledge.D. They have little to do with the rate of heartbeats.30. What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The potential of the new technology.B. The control of human brain rhythms.C. The change in different parts of neurons.D. The stimulation of the unique brain waves.31. How does the author introduce VR's different set of stimuli?A. By conducting further tests on rats.B. By comparing different environments.C. By providing a detailed analysis.D. By explaining the theory of VR.28～31 BCDBOne night in 1966, Michael Chapman rushed into afolk-music club in Cornwall, England to get out of the rain, and soon found himself onstage playing the guitar.“They offered me a job to play for the rest of the summer.And I've been playing ever since，”Chapman says.“I've told that story so many times, but it's absolutely true.If it hadn't been raining that night, I wouldn't be talking to you.”The British guitar player has spent the 50 years since then on the road.He released some praised albums in the 1970s, but his health went downhill in the 80s and 90s.Like a lot of British artistsin the 1960s, Chapman taught himself to play the guitar by listening to American jazz and blues records.Chapman actually taught photography, but quit when he was 26 to play music full time.When he was starting out, he was often compared to other British acoustic guitar heroes of the time, like John Martyn and Bert Jansch.“The fascinating thing about Michael Chapman is that he doesn't fit in with those guys of his generation, ”says Andrew Male, a music journalist.“He's always been an outsider.He never moved to London.”And while he never became part of the London music scene, Chapman was noticed by those musicians.“The 70s caught up with him in the 80s, ”Male says.“He had a huge heart attack at the end of the 80s that nearly finished him off.When he made his way back into the world in the early 90s, people had forgotten about him.”But not everyone.A younger generation of musicians in America, including Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth and a younger singer and guitarist named Steve Gunn, recently rediscovered Chapman.“We wanted to capture Michael's voice and character where he is now.You know, it's a little road-weary, but he still has it, ”Gunn says.“For me, it was really important to get that right.”“He's the right old musician for present times，”Male says.“I think the music he makes seems quite in tune with where we're at.”1．Which can best describe Michael Chapman's first involvement in music?A．Untrue. B．Accidental.C．Unfortunate. D．Reasonable.2．What can we learn about Michael Chapman from the text?A．He has taught photography for 26 years.B．He taught himself to play the guitar and did far better than John Martyn.C．To some degree, he is not accepted by other people of his generation.D．He is one of the best guitar players in the early 90s.3．Why did Michael Chapman quit his music career once?A．He lost his special voice.B．He suffered from a severe heart attack.C．He got tired of competing with others.D．He was almost forgotten by everyone.4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．The Rise and Fall of Guitar MusicB．The Sad Story of a Guitar MusicianC．A New Generation Helps an Old Guitar MusicianD．A Brief Introduction to a Guitar MusicianBCBD。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案A new study published in Thursday’s edition of Cell reports that mosquitoes’sense of smell is more complex than we once thought. And it may explain how they are so good at seeking us out in the darkness and lead to new strategies to fight against the potentially deadly diseases caused by their bites.Until Meg Younger, co-author of the study, and her colleagues started studying mosquitoes, it’s long been known that mosquitoes rely on multiple clues to target humans, First, they will sense the CO2 in the breath from a distance that can be more than 30 feet. After the CO2, then they begin to sense human body smells. They follow the odors(气味) and, when they get very close, start to detect body heat. Once they land on the skin, they look for a place to bite with their legs.In many parts of the world, their bites may lead to such diseases as dengue, Zika, chikungunya and malaria. The latter disease alone causes over half a million deaths each year around the globe.“But most of what we know about mosquitoes’sense of smell comes from the study of the brains of mice and fruit flies, where the pathways between the brain and smell detectors are fairly simple: Each neuron(神经元) in their smell detectors just responds to a single kind of smell and all the neurons for that smell are connected to the same part of their brains. Of course, there are countless different detectors responding to countless smells,”says Younger. “When we started looking inside mosquito brains, we found that each neuron can detect multiple smells.”“It’s a great breakthrough,”says Josefina del Marmol, a scientist at the Harvard Medical School who wasn’t involved with the research. “It will change a lot about what we know of how mosquitoes interact with the world and give researchers additional ways to fight the bugs. But there’s more work to be done to test, neuron by neuron, which neuron actually responds to which human body smells.”12. What can be learned about mosquitoes from paragraph 2?A. They look for a place to bite with their eyes.B. They can only detect humans within 30 feet.C. They are first attracted by human body smells.D. They are more sensitive to the CO2 in the breath.13. Which disease causes more than 0.5 million deaths each year in the world?A. Malaria.B. Zika.C. Dengue.D. Chikungunya.14. What is Meg Younger’s new discovery?A. The pathways in the brains of mice are fairly simple.B. A neuron in mosquitoes’detectors can detect many smells.C. All the neurons for a smell are connected to the same part of the brain.D. The neurons in fruit flies’brains just respond to a single kind of smell.15. What does Josefina del Marmol say about the new study?A. The process is not very complete.B. The conclusion is not very reliable.C. More specific tests have to be done.D. The research method is too complex.【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. CFor anyone trying to lose weight, there’s a truth we can all universally acknowledge that better health is often positioned as a numbers game. Hit the right number, and all your health problems will magically resolve, so the logic goes. Yet increasingly, science is revealing that losing weight may not be a silver bullet after all. In a mouse study published in the journal Science, looking specifically at an inflammatory( 炎症的) eye condition linked to obesity called macular degeneration( 黄斑退化), researchers found the struggle for better health doesn’t necessarily begin and end with weight loss.Researchers conducted experiments on mice that were fed a high-fat diet for 11 weeks, making them gain weight. The micewere then put on a diet of low-fat food for 9 weeks, making them lose weight. Another group of mice only ate the low-fat diet as a control. Researchers shot lasers into the eyes of both the yo-yo dieter mice and the control mice to encourage atypical blood vessel ( 非典型性血管) growth, a mark of macular degeneration.Among the mice that had gained and then lost weight, there was about 40 percent more atypical blood vessel growth than their stable diet peers. Driving the growth appeared to be macrophages( 巨噬细胞). In the yo-yo dieter mice, these cells had been reprogrammed to cause inflammation. Taken together, these cells appeared to have an outsize role in atypical blood vessel growth in the eyes. Meanwhile, in the mice fed only a low-fat diet, inflammatory changes were absent. The results suggest that eating a high-fat diet that causes weight gain, even if followed by weight loss, leaves an inflammatory mark on mouse macrophages.The research comes during a period of renewedinterest in anti-obesity drugs. But medicines that helppeople shed pounds do not treat inflammation linked to ahistory of weight gain. “How to engage thesefindings with medicine interventions is a challenge,”says Bapat, head of the research.1. Which of the following best explains “a silver bullet ”underlined in paragraph1?A. A workable solution.B. A tough choice.C. An ultimate objective.D. A major challenge.2. How do researchers carry out the experiment?A. By making comparison.B. By listing examples.C. By controling test methods.D. By analyzing diet components.3. What can we learn about the research results?A. Stable dieting drives the growth of macrophages.B. Reprogrammed cells are to blame for weight gain.C. Inflammatory changes are caused by the low-fat diet.D. Losing weight doesn’t resolve the inflammation tied to weight gain.4. What will the research focus on next?A. Exploring ways of losing weight.B. Tracking the history of weight loss.C. Treating obesity-linked inflammation.D. Boosting interest in anti-obesity drugs.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读训练含答案A man wearing sunglasses grabs the mic and stands in a relaxed posture ready to make the audience laugh. Seeing how easily he moves, one can hardly notice that the stylish comedian, Gao Xiang, has any problems with vision.Gao was diagnosed with the rare eye disease —Stargardt. Initially, he refused to accept the cruel situation. He kept escaping the fact until 2013, when he could use the computer more efficiently with the help of special programs designed to help visually disabled people . Consequently, he got the courage to be frank about his and found that people didn' t care about the problem as he had imagined. His working ability also helped remove any feelings of inferiority that he had. He tried to become mentally stronger to accept reality and get his life back on track.Two years ago, he decided to become a full-time stand-up comedian. What has been motivating Gao to be so active in the comedy industry is his eagerness to draw the public;s attention to the disease. "As it is a rare disease, medical institutions and companies might lack the driving force to make great efforts to finda cure,“ he says. want to unite the patients in China and voice out loud our urgent demands/1Besides, he and two friends launched a public account on WeChat called Stargardt Care Center, through which they share inspiring stories of people suffering from the eye disorder, instructions for those on how to use computers and translations of foreign essays that explore the possibilities of curing the disease. By now, the account has managed to attract more than 1, 000 Stargardt patients and their family members. And some Non- Governmental Organisations also have got in touch with them to see if they could provide help to the community."Stand-up comedy has saved me and enabled me to meet interesting people and do what is worth doing,“ Gao says.4.What does the underlined word “inferiority" in paragraph 2 mean?A.Being proud.B.Being bored.C. Being unconfident.D. Being modest.5.What drove Gao to become a comedian?A.His eagerness for money.B.His faith in challenging himself.C.His ability in performance.D.His desire to fight the disease.6.What can people do with the Gao z s public account?A.The visually disabled can learn computer skills.B.Experts can provide medical help for the patients.C.Patients can read original articles about the disease.edians can post jokes to meet interesting people.7.Which of the following could best describe Gao Xiang?A. Sensible and tolerant.8.Positive and inspiring.9.Talented and aggressive.10.Enthusiastic and punctual.CDABMercy Baggs is reflecting on her future. "Should I live to 95, Iwould do another parachute jump, " she says. She first jumped when she was 77 in honor of her achievements as mayor of the Wiltshire town of Caine. Then she jumped again last March, a day before her 90th birthday, to raise funds for Wiltshire air ambulance.“This is the thrill of it, " she says. "You go up, and then that door opens and the wind starts to come through. You free-fall for a long time. " She has always enjoyed risks since she was a child, when people used to look down on her. But nobody does now.As a child, she lived in poverty and also went through ups and downs, am very sensitive to people who are more unfortunate, " Baggs says. As a young adult, she joined the British Transport Commission police, but dealing with children who couldn't find their parents was too much to bear. knew what they were going through. I like kids. I really do. " Later she left the police and worked in Wiltshire council. But no doubt her childhood fed into her actions as a councillor, and later mayor in Caine, where she helped to set up a drop-in centre for young people. The drop-in was one of the causes she raised money for with that first leap out of the plane.But why a parachute jump? At the time, her late husband, John, was ill with bowel cancer. He said, do wish you wouldn't do it. " She said, "John, it's life. I've got to do something."Baggs has never been fazed by ageing. She says that she wanted “to show that you don't have to sit on your backside knitting or watching television all the time. There's a world out there. There's a life out there. " She hopes for at least one more skydive, maybe a go on a lOOmph zip wire and "a peaceful end”.4.Why did Mercy Baggs make her first parachute jump?A.To celebrate her 90h birthday.B.To make others look up to her.C. To raise funds for an air ambulance.D. To mark her term of office as mayor.5.What impact did her childhood experiences make on her career?A.She did parachute jumps as a part-time job.B.She showed great concern for unlucky children.C.She found it very tough to work with young people.D.She left the drop-in centre and prepared a run for mayor.6.What does the underlined word "fazed“ mean in the last paragraph?A.Disturbed.B.Abandoned.C.Witnessed.D.Embarrassed.A.What does Baggs intend to convey with one more jump?A. It is never too old to learn.B.Enjoy life with her family.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.Be brave to face challenges in life.DBAD以上就是本文的全部内容。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案Yo-Yo Ma is an American cellist (大提琴家) born in Paris to Chinese parents.His musical career is a testament to his belief in culture's power to generate trust and understanding.Whether performing works, engaging unexpected musical forms, or working with communities and institutions to explore culture's role in society, he works to create a better world that begins with culture.Expanding upon this belief, in 1998 he established Silkroad, a collective of artists worldwide creating music that engages many traditions.In addition to presenting performances, Silkroad cooperates with museums and universities to develop training programs for teachers, musicians, and learners of allages.Through his work with Silkroad, he frequently performs lesser-known music.Besides, he partners with communities and institutions to develop programs that champion culture's power to transform lives and create a more connected world.Among his many roles, he is artistic director of the annual Youth Music CultureGuangdong festival, a UN Messenger of Peace, and the first artist ever appointed to the World Economic Forum's board of trustees.When the pandemic began, Yo-Yo began an online series titled “Songs of Comfort”to ease anxieties.His short, self-shot videos soon reached over 18 million people.On March 13, 2021, after receiving the 2nd COVID-19 shot, he transformed a clinic into a temporary concert hall, in a moment that residents called a symbolic representation of “the light at the end of the tunnel”．Yo-Yo Ma once said every generation has a chance to do better, to create a world that works for all.To him, doing better begins with culture —the point at which the arts, sciences, and society cross.1．The underlined word “testament”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”．A．thought B．proofC．invitation D．reaction2．What do we know about Silkroad from the text?A．It offered music trainings independently.B．It was set up by museums and universities.C．It benefited traditional and unpopular music.D．It was intended to create more musical forms. 3．Which of the following best describes Yo-Yo Ma?A．Fair and determined.B．Humorous and smart.C．Generous and traditional.D．Open-minded and positive.4．What's the best title for the text?A．Music Knows No BoundariesB．Music Matters to Build a Connected WorldC．Yo-Yo Ma: Dream and Hope Make One Artist Innovator D．Yo-Yo Ma: Pathway to a Better World Begins with Culture BCDDThe concept of ownership comes so easily to humans that even preschoolers have got it.Robots，on the other hand，often struggle to grasp such abstract concepts.Now a well-mannered robot that can make it has been programmed.“Teaching robots ownership-related etiquette(礼仪) is really，really worthwhile，”says Matthias Scheutz，a computer scientist at Tufts University.“We can’t just send out robots who are unaware of who owns what...If I instruct a robot to ‘build a fence’，and it goes to the neighbor’s and starts ‘stealing’boards，that’s not what we have in mind.”The new socially conscious robot can learn who owns what from clear statements as well as its own observations.The robot learns its code of conduct(行为准则) from direct orders and generalizing from specific examples.For instance，if the robot is told not to touch several objects that it knows belong to specific people，the robot will deduce that，as a general rule，it shouldn’t touch owned objects.Artificial intelligence(AI) expert Tan Xuan and colleagues at Yale University found out how the robot reacts in experiments with blocks on a table.In one session，Tan played with only the red blocks，leading the robot to infer that these blocks belongedto the same person.When Tan instructed the robot to throw away everything on the table and the machine reached for a red block，Tan stopped the robot，saying，“That’s mine.”Now aware that it should not throw Tan’s belongings，and assuming that the rest of the red blocks belonged to Tan as well，the robot cleared the table of everything but red blocks.Later，when Tan’s colleague Jake Brawer directed the robot to throw out a red block，the robot replied，“Sorry，I’m forbidden to throw it away if it’s owned by Tan.”Though robots may have more difficulty understanding who owns what in situations filled with far more objects of much wider variety than blocks on a table，Scheutz called it a good “first attempt”at equipping robots with an appreciation of ownership.5．What does the second paragraph focus on?A．The way of teaching robots ownership.B．The basics of the human-robot relationship.C．The benefit of robots’learning ownership.D．The importance of robots’learning code of conduct.6．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “deduce”in Paragraph 3?A．Conclude. B．Admit.C．Agree. D．Doubt.7．Why did Tan Xuan use the blocks in experiments?A．To train the robot.B．To predict the robot’s move.C．To test the robot’s behavior.D．To study the robot’s preference.8．What does the author want to show by mentioning Jake Brawer in the last paragraph?A．The robot knows who to obey.B．The robot can learn who owns what.C．The robot follows no wrong orders.D．The robot can solve complex situations.DACB。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案When asked about happiness,we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight,which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids,happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫不掩饰的).In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement,loveand popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.In adulthood the things that bring deep joy----love,marriage,birth----also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults,happiness is complicated(复杂的)My definition fo happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”.The more we can enjoy what we have,the happier we are.It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends,the freedom to live where we please,and even goo health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing,which I love.When the kids and my husband came home,I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I don’t think that my grandmother,who raised 14 children,had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family,and maybe thisis what satisfied her.We,however,with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area,have turned happiness into one more thing we’ve got to have.We’ve so self-conscious about our “right”to it that it’s making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happierHappiness isn’t about what happens to us----it’s about how we see what happens to us.It’s the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.It’s not wishing for what we don’t have,but enjoying what we do possess.51.As people grow older,theyA.feel it harder to experience happinessB.associate their happiness less with othersC.will take fewer risks in pursuing happinessD.tend to believe responsibility means happiness52.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 5 and 6?A.She cares little about her own healthB.She enjoys the freedom of travelingC.She is easily pleased by things in daily lifeD.She prefers getting pleasure from housework53.What can b informed from Paragraph 7?A.Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happinessB.Psychologists’opinion is well proved by Grandma’caseC.Grandma often found time for social gatheringsD.Grandma’s happiness came from modest expectations of life54.People who equal happiness with wealth and successA.consider pressure something blocking their wayB.stress then right to happiness too muchC.are at a loss to make correct choicesD.are more likely to be happy55.What can be concluded from the passage?A.Happiness lies between the positive and the negativeB.Each man is the master of his own fateC.Success leads to happinessD.Happy is he who is contentConsumers in the U.S. spend billions of dollars a year on gifts wrapping. Two colleagues and I wondered whether all that timeand effort is actually worth it. So we conducted three experiments to explore the impact of gift wrapping.In the first experiment, we involved 180 students, who were given a gift—a coffee cup with the logo of one of two NBA basketball teams, the local Miami Heat or rival (竞争对手) Orlando Magic. Every participant was a fan of the Heat and they obviously didn’t support the Magic. We gave half of the students a desirable gift, while the others received something they disliked. Finally, half of the gifts were wrapped neatly, while the rest looked sloppy (凌乱的).We found that those who received a sloppily wrapped gift liked their present significantly more than those who received a neatly wrapped gift—regardless of which cup they got.To understand why, we asked another set of students to report their expectations about either a neatlyor sloppily wrapped gift. Results showed that expectations were significantly higher for the neatly wrapped gifts. However, receivers of the neatly wrapped gift reported that it failed to live up to their expectations, while those who got the sloppily wrapped gift said it surpassed (超过) their expectations.In our final experiment, we surveyed 261 adults and asked them to imagine receiving either a neatly or sloppily wrapped gift. This time we instructed half of them to imagine the gift was from a close friend, while the other half believed it came from an acquaintance (熟人). Then we revealed the gift and asked them to rate it.When it came from a close friend, receivers ended up liking the sloppily wrapped gift more. However, for the gift froman acquaintance, receivers preferred it when it was neatly wrapped. This occurs because these participants used the wrapping as a cue for how much the gift-giver values their relationship.So if you’re stressed over gift wrapping this holiday season, consider saving yourself effort and money by wrapping your friends’gifts haphazardly (随意地). But for someone you don’t know quite as well, it’s probably worth it to show that you put in some effort to make it look good with all of the beautiful bows.12. What did the researchers find in the first experiment?A. A desirable gift is expected to be wrapped sloppily.B. Participants were more interested in neatly wrapped gifts.C. A sloppily wrapped gift can make the receiver much happier.D. Participants responded the same to gifts with different wrappings.13. Why did the researchers carry out the second experiment?A. To further explain the result of the first experiment.B. To compare receivers’expectations for the same gifs.C. To know why receivers have different expectations for gifs.D. To find out the impact of wrapping on receives’expectations.14. What do neatly wrapped gifts show according to the third experiment?A. The gift giver is very skilled at wrapping gifts,B. The gift giver has a close relationship with the receiver.C. The gift giver attaches great importance to the relationship.D. The gift giver wants to become a close friend of the receiver.15. What does the author want to do in the last paragraph?A. To give examples.B. To make suggestions.C. To make comparisons.D. To present an argument.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案The days of staring at the computer screen pretending to be interested in an assignment even though you are bored out of your mind may soon be coming to an end. That's because if Dr Harry Witchel, Discipline Leader in Physiology at England's Brighton and Sussex Medical School, has his way, computers of the future will be able to detect boredom and even react to it real-time.But before you get concerned, the machine is not reading your mind. It is just keeping track of the constant involuntary（无意识的）movements that people exhibit when in front of a computer or even a television. These are not the bigger instrumental actions like moving a mouse or using the remote, but barely noticeable movements like scratching, fidgeting, or stretching. Witchel says the level of movement is directly linked to how absorbed the person is in what he or she is reading or watching. The higher the interest level. the less the movement!To test the theory, Witchel and his team invited 27 people and exposed them to a variety of digital content for threeminutes at a time. The activities ranged from playing online games to reading documents like the banking regulations that most people would find boring.A video motion tracker monitored their movements as they powered through each assignment. Just as the researchers had expected, the involuntary actions decreased dramatically, by as much as 42%, when the participants were totally absorbed in what they were reading or seeing.Fortunately, the scientists are not planning to use the findings to create machines that report students who are not focusing at school. Instead, they believe that combining the motion detecting technology with future computers will help enhance the digital learning experience.The scientists say that being able to measure the students' interest level will enable educators to adjust the materialsreal-time and re-engage the students. Witchel also believes that the technology can provide filmmakers with honest audience opinions.8. According to Dr Harry, what will future computers be able to do?A. Keep a learner from distraction.B. Help a learner with his assignments.C. Read a learner's mind exactly real-time.D. Identify dullness of a learner and respond to it.9. How does an absorbed learner tend to behave?A. Laugh and shout excitedly.B. Use less energy in an assignment.C. Perform fewer involuntary actions.D. Show noticeable movements constantly.10. What is the value of this technology for educators?A. Bettering their digital learning experience.B. Introducing more computers into class.C. Finding the absent-minded students in class.D. Detecting what interests the students most.11. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To introduce an upcoming technology.B. To update educators' teaching concept.C. To show what learning will be like in the future.D. To explain how life will be shaped by technology.Several days ago Spanish fashion brand Zara sparked a fierce debate after releasing its latest campaign featuring a Chinese model with freckles (雀斑). Actually, there are some different beauty standards between the East and the West.In East Asia, freckles might be considered a “destructive weakness”for celebrities, especially actors or singers. Although normal people don’t care that much, subconsciously they might prefer a “clean”face. Generally speaking, freckles are more likely to appear if people are out in the sun frequently, and most East Asian women avoid the sun as best they can.Having freckles, instead, is a trademark for unconventional beauty in the Western world, and some call freckles “angelkisses”. For most westerners, having freckles is no longer just something you have to live with; instead, it is something to be desired. After all, not everyone is lucky enough to have freckles.When it comes to eye shapes, it seems Western and Chinese beauty standards don’t see eye-to-eye. Many Chinese think girls with big eyes are the most beautiful. If their eyes have a double-fold eyelid, that is considered perfect. However, most foreigners seem to prefer Chinese girls with slanted (斜的) and narrow eyes and eyebrows. Chinese known model Lyv Yan is often considered the country’s most beautiful by foreigners, while quite a few Chinese people think her appearance doesn’t fit with traditional beauty standards.Young, girly feature or hot and mature feature? Zhao Liying from China, Aragaki Yui from Japan and Lim Yoon-A from South Korea enjoy high popularity in Asia, as they boast bright faces with warm smiles, which win them lots of male fans. The three young celebrities represent Asia’s beauty standards: women with cute, girly features. Most women in Asia try their best to stay young accordingly. Unlike Chinese girls, Western girls think a more mature look shows independence and uniqueness. The superhero Wonder Woman is an ideal type for most.As ties continue to grow between China and the West, it is unavoidable that these beauty standards develop. But one thing’s for sure-no matter how you look, you are who you are, and that should be satisfaction enough.12. What do most western people think of having freckles?A. It is something unbearable.B. It is a destructive weakness.C. It is something to wish for.D. It is a symbol of traditional beauty.13. What do the underlined words “see eye-to-eye”mean in Paragraph 4?A. Have the same opinion.B. Recognize their strengths.C. Misunderstand each other.D. Argue against one another.14. Why do western girls prefer to appear mature?A. They think this beauty standard is better.B. They want to look independent and unique.C. They hope to have high popularity in Asia.D. They admire Wonder Woman very much.15. What does the text mainly talk about?A. What Zara’s beauty standard is.B. Why Chinese people don’t like freckles.C. What causes the different beauty standards.D. How easterners and westerners think of beauty.。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案Sunlight may have helped remove as much as 17 percent of the oil on the surface of the Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill (泄漏). That means that sunlight plays a bigger role in cleaning up such spills than previously thought, researchers suggested on February 16.When sunlight shines on spilled oil in the sea, it can kick off a chain of chemical reactions, transforming the oil into new compounds. Some of these reactions can increase how easily the oil dissolves in water, called photodissolution (光溶解). But there has been little data on how much of the oil becomeswater-soluble.To assess this, environmental chemists Danielle Haas Freeman and Collin Ward, both of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, placed samples of the Macondo oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill on glass disks and irradiated (照射) them with light using LEDs that send out wavelengths found in sunlight. The two then chemically analyzed theirradiated oil to see how much was transformed into dissolved organic carbon.The most important factors in photodissolution, the researchers found, were the thickness of the slick and the wavelengths of light. Longer wavelengths dissolved less oil, possibly because they are more easily scattered by water, than shorter wavelengths. How long the oil was exposed to light was not as important.Though the team didn’t specifically test for seasonal or latitude differences, computer simulations based on the lab data suggested that those factors, as well as the oil’s chemical makeup, also matter.The researchers estimate irradiation helped dissolve from 3 to 17 percent of surface oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill, comparable to processes such as evaporation and grounding on coastlines. What impact the sunlight-produced compounds might have on marine ecosystems, however, isn’t yet known.12. In which section of a news website may this text appear?A. Education.B. Science.C. Travel.D. Health.13. How does sunlight remove the spilled oil in the ocean?A. By transforming the oil into water.B. By turning the oil into dissolved organic carbon.C. By speeding up the chemical reactions of water.D. By preventing the chemical reactions of the oil.14. What matters most in photodissolution according to Danielle and Collin?A. The oil’s chemical makeup.B. The time of exposure to light.C. Seasonal and latitude differences.D. The thickness of the slick and wavelengths of light.15. What’s the text mainly about?A. Various factors affect the photodissolution of oil spills in the ocean.B. The Deepwater Horizon spill greatly damaged the marine ecosystem.C. Sunlight may help clean up oil spills in the ocean more than previously thought.D. Sunlight-produced compounds might have a great impact on marine ecosystems.Keys BBDC[2021·天津二模卷]From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know”all the words they are reading. This means that when they don't know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I'm going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that's enough for me. Also I'm not going to ask you what words mean.”The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, “Mr Holt, do you really mean that？”I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.”During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations, I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can't be，”and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don't you find parts of it rather heavy going？”She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is—an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding”that can be dug out of a book.1．According to the passage, children's fear and dislike of books may result from ________.A．reading little and thinking littleB．reading often and adventurouslyC．being made to read too muchD．being made to read aloud before others2．The teacher told his students to read ________.A．for enjoymentB．for knowledgeC．for a larger vocabularyD．for higher scores in exams3．Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that ________.A．it sounded stupidB．it was not surprising at allC．it sounded too good to be trueD．it was not different from other teachers' talk4．Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?A．She skipped over those easy parts while reading.B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.C．She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.D．She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.5．From the teacher's point of view, ________.A．children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while readingB．children should be left to decide what to read and how to readC．reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in schoolD．reading involves understanding every little piece of informationKeys DACCB。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Samsung Electronics America announced that Galaxy device owners can make their own repairs to the Galaxy S20 and S21 family of products, as well as the Galaxy Tab S7+, starting August 2nd.Samsung is cooperating with iFixit,the leading online repair community, to deliver their Self-Repair program. This program adds to Samsung’s continued expansions for convenient repair for consumers and helps them with sustainable solutions to support a more circular economy by extending the life of their devices, as well as minimizing e-waste.Samsung consumers who wish to make their own repairs can now purchase real device parts and convenient, easy-to-use repair tools, available through iFixit, Samsung retail (零售) and service locations, at the same pricing offered to our repair providers. In addition, Galaxy device owners will have full access to online repair guides that provide both visual and written step-by-step instructions, and best of all, at no cost.“Making replacement parts available is a key sustainability strategy. We’re excited to be working directly with Samsung and their customers to extend the lifetime of their phones,”said CEO of iFixit.Starting today, Galaxy device owners can replace the phone screen, back glass, and charging ports. In the future, Samsung plans to expand self-repair to include more devices and repair options from our extensive product portfolio (产品组合).Furthermore, the program makes it easy for consumers to return their thrown-away parts for responsible recycling, as the new display kits will come with a return label to shipthrown-away parts back to Samsung — at no cost to the consumer.In addition to the convenience of these new self-repair options, Galaxy smartphone owners have a choice on how they can extend the life of their devices across Samsung’s expansive care options, including: Through Samsung’s perfect care network, customers have access to over 11,000 Samsung Mobile certified repair technicians in the U.S.12. Who will do the repair work under the Self-Repair program?A. The iFixit community.B. The Galaxy consumers.C. Samsung Repair staff.D. The devices themselves.13. What is the Samsung company aiming to do according to paragraph 2?A. To promote a circular economy.B. To make full use of the old parts.C. To enrich the life of the phone users.D. To ensure better service by iFixit.14. Which of the following is free of charge?A. The Samsung device parts.B. New Samsung products.C. The written repair instructions.D. The easy-to-use repair tools.15. Which can be the best title for the text?A. A New InventionB. A New TechnologyC. A Successful CooperationD. An Initiative practiceAlice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’teeth, instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?”With that in mind,Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her parents’help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded hercompany early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.28．How did Moore react to her dad’s warning?A．She argued with him.B．She tried to find a way out.C．She paid no attention.D．She chose to consult dentists.29．What is special about CanCandy?A．It is beneficial to dental health.B．It is free of sweeteners.C．It is sweeter than other candies.D．It is produced to a dentists’recipe.30．What does Moore expect from her business?A．To earn more money.B．To help others find smiles.C．To make herself stand out.D．To beat other candy companies.31．What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story? A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.B．A youth is to be regarded with respect. C．Positive thinking and action result in success. D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied B AB C。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案From Latin America to Sichuan province, chili peppers and their famous burning taste have become a worldwide sensation (热门) But how could something that burns so hot possibly be any good for people?In a study by researchers at Marshall University in the Us, scientists made the first complete description of capsaicin (辣椒素)—a chemical found in spicy chilis—and its anti-cancer properties. Although capsaicin is not normally a good medicine due to some negative properties such as its spicy flavor, the study found that there are ways to bring out its anti-cancer benefits while overcoming these negatives.In nature, capsaicin evolved as a defense mechanism in plants to drive away unwanted animals while attracting those that could spread the seeds, such as birds which cannot taste or feel the spice. From a scientific point of view, capsaicin works by triggering a pain receptor called TRPV1, causing the body to react as if it had actually touched something hot and dangerous. Yet, this natural repellent (驱虫剂) for most animals has insteadbecome a favorite food for many people, often called “chiliheads”.So, what is it that attracts humans to capsaicin, chili peppers and spicy food in general? Besides its many health benefits —such as pain relief, weight loss, and body heat regulation—people love eating chili peppers precisely because it hits the pain receptors in just the right way.As Scientific American noted: “People seem to enjoy —and actively seek out—many other sensations ... the sensation of falling provided by roller coasters or skydiving, the feelings of fear and anxiety while watching horror movies, the physical pain experienced upon jumping into icy water, or even the feelings of sadness that come while watching a tearjerker.”So, the next time you bite into a hot chili pepper, remember: its not just healthy, but fun too!32. What can we learn from the result of the study by researchers at Marshall University?A. The study describes capsaicin for the first time.B. Capsaicin contributes to the prevention of cancer.C. There is a chemical called capsaicin in spicy chilis.D. The negative features of capsaicin cannot be overcome.33. How does capsaicin benefit plants?A. It stops birds from eating plants.B. It causes more seeds to be produced.C. It attracts some animals to distribute seeds.D. It helps plants survive in hot or dangerous situations.34. How does the author prove spicy food is fun?A. By illustration.B. By statistics.C. By comparison.D. By definition.35. What is the passage mainly about?A. Why some people enjoy spicy food.B. How chili peppers are so burning.C. How plants benefit from capsaicin.D. Where capsaicin can be found.American Airlines announced an agreement in mid-August to buy 20 supersonic Overture planes from Boom Supersonic, a US-based start-up company focused on the productionof supersonic commercial aircraft.The Overture is planned to transport between 65 and 80 passengers at speeds of over 1.7 times that of the speed of sound (,235 km/h) - twice that of the fastest traditional commercial airplane on the market today.The idea of riding aboard a plane at supersonic speeds might seem like a scary one; but, in fact, it might even be smoother than flying on a traditional airplane.Most commercial airliners fly between 11.5 and 12 kilometers high in the sky, but the Overture will fly at about 18.29 kilometers by comparison. The higher a plane flies, the thinner the air is, resulting in less turbulence (颠簸).As Lourdes Maurice, a mechanical engineer and advisor to Boom Supersonic, remarked about her supersonic flight on the Concorde, the Overture's predecessor: “Climbing to 60,000 feet (about 18.29 km) was incredibly smooth. There was no turbulence. We knew we were flying supersonically, but our bodies didn't give us any signs.”Since the first supersonic flight by the US Air Force in October 1947 and the first commercial supersonic flight in 1976, the promise of supersonic flight has been an alluring goal; yet, the path forward has seen many obstacles. The biggest problem is that massive, powerful sound waves called “sonic booms”are created when an object breaks the sound barrier.Similar to thunder, these sonic booms are difficult to ignore when flying over residential areas. Besides noise pollution, the use of supersonic aircraft has also been criticized for is huge fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in bans on supersonic commercial flights in many countries.Since the last commercial supersonic flight of the Concorde in 2003, the dream of supersonic travel appeared dead. However, with improvements being made to supersonic plane designs and fuel efficiency, the dream could come back to life once more.28. What do we know about the Overture?A. It will fly as high as 1829 feet.B. It will travel much faster than sound.C. It will carry out the first supersonic flight.D. It will fly at twice the speed of traditional planes.29. Which is the main factor that determines a plane's stability?A. Its flight altitude.B. Its top flight speed.C. Its carrying capacity.D. Its ability to reduce turbulence.30. What does the underlined word “alluring”mean in paragraph 6?A. ScientificB. Inviting.C. Demanding.D. Essential.31. Which of the following needs improving most about supersonic fight?A. Huge fuel consumption.B. High development costs.C. Excessive noise generation.D. High greenhouse gas emissions.。