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“讲学稿”

“讲学稿”
“讲学稿”

“讲学稿”

镇原县孟坝初级中学,初二(3)班,一节普通的语文课。记者走进教室时,学生们显得很自然,没有人感到惊奇和紧张,似乎早习以为常了。因为在此之前,前来学校听课、学习交流、考察调研的人不下数百人。

让这么多人慕名前来的正是学校正在实行的“讲学稿”(以讲学稿为特征的教学模式――编者注)。

课前,语文课代表拿着一沓试卷模样的纸――讲学稿,每人一张分发给全班同学。上课铃一响,老师只拿着一本课本走进教室。这节课所学的课文是《敬畏自然》。正式上课后,老师让学生列举一些人类“征服”自然的事例,顺着问题的思路,引入了课文。

在上课的过程中,老师似乎并没有“讲课”,不是提问就是让学生自主学习。更多的是让学生分组讨论或回答问题,除了指出几个知识点之外,老师没有强调哪些是要记的,哪些是该背的,学生也没有抄笔记,课堂上气氛活跃,节奏明快。

一节课下来,给记者的印象是,学生真正成了课堂的主人,老师似乎只是一个穿针引线的人。下课后,老师没有给学生布置任何作业。同时记者注意到,一

节课只上了40分钟。

困境中的探索

这种教学模式在孟坝初中实行已5年了。说起“讲学稿”,就不得不提一下学校的历史和现任校长吴琦。

孟坝初级中学成立于1995年,是一所独立初中。在孟坝镇,还有一所办学历史近半个世纪的学校――孟坝中学,学校办学实力雄厚,是学生、家长公认的好学校,上孟坝中学成了所有学生的目标。

“优等生源都去了孟坝中学。”吴琦说,“学校在成立后的十年间,排名几乎年年都是倒数,是镇原县有名的落后学校。”

2004年,吴琦调入孟坝初级中学,被任命为校长。那一年,镇原县开始实施新课程改革。在实施过程中,学校遇到了许多问题和困惑。孟坝初中与许多学校一样,先后多次到新课改实验先进地区考察学习。在江苏省溧水县东庐中学,学校首创实行的“讲学稿”教学模式让吴琦眼前一亮。回来后,学校便开始研究引入这种教学模式的可行性。

“理念不更新,学校办学水平只能在原地踏步。”吴琦说,“我们学校在师资力量等各个方面,都处劣势

地位,无论老师怎么努力,学校始终无法摆脱排名倒数的现实。”

于是,吴琦数次带领老师到东庐中学学习交流。从2005年10月起,孟坝初中正式引入并实行起了“讲学稿”教学模式。

这种教学模式对学生来说是陌生的,甚至当地许多老师听都没有听过。“实行这种教学模式,就西部五省来说,我校大概属于首家。”吴琦说,“很多家长包括一部分老师都抱着怀疑的态度,人们无法接受这样一种‘闻所未闻’的东西。”

在无数人怀疑的目光中,孟坝初中的老师承受着巨大的压力开始运用起了“讲学稿”。

“这是一个不容失败的事。”吴琦谈到实行初期时的压力时,似乎还“心有余悸”,“那一年,我的头发都掉了许多。老师们也一样,不但要学习、领会‘讲学稿’的精髓,而且还要在课余时间编印讲学稿,工作量大大超出了平时。但是,为了一个信念,为了把‘讲学稿’真正运用好,所有老师都拼命地工作。”

“最初,难免会出现形式主义。”由于各种原因,在课堂上,不少老师常常是顾此失彼,不是“照猫画虎”,就是疏忽主旨。为此,吴琦先后组织老师到东庐中学学习,和东庐中学的老师一起备课,听课,借班

讲课,从中找差距,积累经验。

孟坝初中在走出去学习交流的同时,还邀请东庐中学的老师前来讲课。两校也结成了友好学校,每学期互派教师交流学习。经过几年的学习和提升,孟坝初中在借鉴的同时不断创新,在教学方式上体现出了自己的特色,教学水平不断提高,学校也因此走出了困境,在全县的排名和升学率都大幅提高。

“2007年,学校从排名倒数一跃到了中间。”说

起学校在实行“讲学稿”后的变化,吴琦显得有点欣慰和自豪。

讲学稿是什么

在采访的过程中,记者了解到,讲学稿既是具体的教学文本也是一种教学模式。具体的讲学稿是老师和学生共同的一种教案和学案的结合体。“通俗一点讲,它是集教案、学案、作业、测试和复习资料于一体的师生共用的教学文本。”吴琦解释说,“在讲学稿上,有教案中所强调的教学目标、课程目标,有学生学习的知识点和重难点,也有供学生练习用的习题。”另外,孟坝初中还在设计时加入了老师的“教学反思”和学生的“学后记”。

讲学稿编印完成后,教师将讲学稿提前发给学生,学生预习后交给教师,教师批阅后课前再发给学生,然后师生共用这一文稿进行课堂教学。

按照讲学稿的设计,在课堂上老师讲课不超过15分钟,其原因在于,在课前老师通过讲学稿已经了解到了学生学习的相关信息,即哪些内容学生已理解,哪些内容是普遍存在问题的,哪些内容是个别学生没有掌握的。

“学生会做的我们不讲,我们主要讲重点、难点、易混点。”初二年级的一位语文老师说,“在课堂上放手让学生思考、讨论,然后进行适量练习,让全体学生边练习边订正错误,把学生没有理解的知识当堂消化掉,这是一堂课的任务。”

其实,“讲学稿”这种教学模式并不复杂,它似乎是把传统教学模式下老师的教和学生的学“前置化”了。在传统教学模式下,虽然老师要求学生在课前预习,但是,大部分自学能力弱的学生不知道该预习什么。这种教学模式则不同,讲学稿上清楚地指出了预习的内容和需要掌握的知识点,甚至包括一部分练习。在正式上课前,学生根据讲学稿通过自学,几乎掌握了大部分内容,在正式上课时,教学双方都心中有数,便可做到轻车熟路。

“讲学稿是一个比较系统化的教学载体。”学校的一位英语老师这样说到,“课后,我们还要在讲学稿上写‘课后记’,针对课堂教学情况形成‘错题集’,用作下次集中备课交流时的补充和‘周周清’;学生也要填写‘学后记’,列出复习时注意的问题。”

讲学稿是怎样“炼”成的

说到讲学稿的编写,吴琦的体会很深。为了让讲学稿体现出它的特色,吴琦作为校长数年来一直坚持代课,在实践中找灵感和经验。

“讲学稿是集体智慧的结晶。”孟坝初中把讲学稿的编写与集体备课结合起来。根据学科对教学内容进行分工,每位教师轮流主备,形成初稿。初稿形成后再由备课组全体教师讨论修改,然后由学校分管领导提出修改意见后定稿。

讲学稿对老师的要求很高,也对老师有很大的促进。“在这几年中,老师虽然工作量大,任务重,但是对教学的理解和把握程度可以说是今非昔比了。”吴琦这样评价讲学稿带来的好处。

经过几年来的实践和摸索,孟坝初中和学校实行的“讲学稿”教学模式在当地已是“小有名气”了,

先后有数所学校前来“取经”,还被教育厅确定为试验项目。

减负的良药,新课改的抓手

减负是这些年来学校的一个“老大难”问题,学生负担重的原因很多,其中一个明显的特征就是课外作业

多。但是,在应试教育下,学校和老师都显得很无奈――不能如此但不能不如此。

“作业就是讲学稿。”在课间记者问到做作业的情况时,几位学生这样说道,“我们没有课外作业。”同学生交流时,记者注意到,学生对讲学稿的好处说得最多的就是“我们的负担轻了”。

在当前,许多人在为学生负担重而“焦头烂额”时,“讲学稿”这种教学模式却像一阵凉风,让人感到分外惬意。它如同一剂良药,让陷入“题海战”中的师生醒过神来。

同时,它也给新课改的实施找到了一个抓手,让新课改有了一个基点,有了一种途径。而不是像许多人担忧和批评的那样――许多学校实施新课改是在穿新鞋走老路,换汤不换药,打着新课改的旗子,却进

行着甚于传统模式的“题海战”和“分数战”。

在采访的过程中,给记者感触最深的是,“讲学稿”不是什么灵丹妙药,而是扎根在课堂、讲求方法的一种创新理念,一种教学方式,教学理念才是其中最根本的东西,讲学稿只是理念的一种形式和载体。在实施素质教育和新课改的今天,用行动和智慧来践行教育理念,孟坝初中所实行的“讲学稿”就是一种有益的尝试。

人教版八年级英语上册讲学稿unit3

Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?(Period 1) 课型:新授主备:陈宝娟审核: 班级:姓名:时间: 学习目标: 1.讨论未来计划;2.进行时态表示计划或安排将要发生的动作. 课前准备: 1.识记本课新单词;2.预习并完成1a.3.翻译并熟记下列短语: 去游泳去钓鱼多长时间 去野营 on Monday next week 4.讨论预习中存在的问题. 课前检测: 1.用适当的形式填空: 1) Are you (go) for a trip to the seaside? 2) The shoes are too dirty, I’m going to (清洗) them. 3) (get) up or we’ll be late for class. 4) They are going to do some (shop). 疑难摘录 __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 学习过程: 1.师生交流,探究预习中存在的问题. 2.找出本节课的重要句型: 3.听录音,完成1b,2a和2b. 4.读下列对话,探讨并总结: -What are you doing for vacation? -I’m visiting my grandmother. -When are you going? -I’m going on Monday. 上述句子都是时态,其结构为,由部分构成,谈论计划. 5.双人进行下列对话练习,并编写新对话. A: What are you doing for vacation? B: I’m going camping. A: That sounds nice. Who are you going with? B: I’m going with my parents. A: B: A: B: 课堂检测: 1.按要求变换下列单词: visit(名词) shop(现在分词) it(复数) family(复数) hear(同音词) mine(主格) five(序数词) a re not(缩写) 2.根据答语,补充问句: 1) for vacation? We’re going swimming. 2) for vacation? She’s visiting her grandparents. 3) ? He’s going on September 10th. 4) ? They are going home next week. 5) ? I’m going camping with my friends. 3.连词成句 1)do ,on , you, what, weekends, usually, do, ? __________________________________________________ 2) often, Cheng, TV, how, does , watch, ? ____________________________________________________ 3)matter, you , what, is, the, with? _____________________________________________________ 错题集 ____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ ________________ (学)教后记 ____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

育才中学英语讲学稿U6T2SB

育才中学英语讲学稿 18 主备:王红英审核:七年级英语组班级 ___ 姓名_________ Unit6 Our Local Area Topic2 My home is in an apartment building. Section B 一、学习目标: 1.词汇学习: 1)名词: neighbor, store, bank, street, corner, post, post office,bookstore, parking lot, supermarket, railway, station, end, road, 2) 动词: post, end, 2.重点句型: 1) There is/are 的否定句、一般疑问句及其答语。 2) ---Would you like me to help you? 你有什么要我帮助的吗? ---Yes, thanks. 是的,谢谢。 3) ---Are there any (stores)near here? 附近有商店吗? ---Yes, there is one in front of our building. 有,在我们这幢楼前面有一家。 4)Oh, it’s very nice of you. Thank you. 你真的太好了!谢谢! 二、自主学习: 1.大声朗读学习目标里的词汇与句型,快速读背理解,比比哪个小组检查得更快! 2.听1a录音,看视频,模仿语音语调。 3.大声朗读对话两遍。独立完成课本1b,检查并改正。 4. 独立完成2a. 检查并改正。 5. 独立完成3a. 检查并改正。 三、合作学习: 1.小组合作:小组长带领互查自主学习里的3、4、5、三项,组内讲解。 2.同伴合作:朗读、背诵、表演。比比看谁最迅速! 3.小组合作:模仿2中的两组对话,编写两组新的对话。比比哪个小组最有才! 四、成果展示: 1)朗读对话; 2)背诵对话; 3)表演新编对话。 五、词语探究: 1.there be句型,就近原则 对该句型进行提问,常用“What is +介词短语?” 1) There ____ a book and two pens on the desk. 2) There ____ two pens and a book on the desk. 3) ___ there any flowers in the garden? 4)There are many birds in the tree.__________________________________ 2) would like 的用法:Would you like me to help you? (would like sb. to do:想要某人做某事) Would you like to play soccer with me? (would like to do:想要做某事) I’d like some bread and milk. (would like sth. 想要某物) Would you like _________ a kite with me? 你愿意和我去放风筝吗? 3.one的用法 1)one 代指上文出现过的单数可数名词,ones代指可数名词复数(同名异物) I don’t like this hat. Please give me that ____. These pens are broken.(坏的) I want those green _____. 2)one, the other 一个,另一个,明确说明“两个”时使用。 I have two brothers. One is a teacher. And _____ is a doctor. 3)基数词,其序数词为first, 并且first前必须要加定冠词the.若名词前有first来修饰,那么常用动词不定式to do做后置定语。(即:后面多用to do 的搭配) He is the first student ____ get up. 他是第一个起床的学生。 4. It is very nice of you. 你真的是太好了。 此处It’s very nice/kind of sb. 某人真的很友好。 It’s very kind/nice of you. 你真好! It’s very nice/kind of sb.(某人)+ 不定式(to do)某人做某事真的很友好 It’s very nice of him____help us. 他帮助我们太好了! 六、学习检测: 短语互译 1)你的新邻居 2)寻找一家商店 _____ 3) near here 4) in front of our building 5)在街道拐角处 _____ 6)存钱 _ 7)寄信 8)停车 9)看医生 单项选择: 1)Excuse me. I’m looking for a bookstore. Are there near here? A. no B. any C. some 2) ---The box is too heavy. ---Sure. A. Can I help you? B. Would you like me to help you? C. Could you help me? 3)It is very kind you.Thanks your help. A. of, of B. for, for C. of, for 六、学后反思和小结:(在学会的项目后打对号,在还有困惑的项目后打错号) 1.本课单词() 2.重点短语和句型() 3.本课对话()

初一英语讲学稿(Unit 3)

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人教版九年级英语Unit 11---Section B讲学稿(无答案)

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