专题39【概要写作】题型增分攻略四解析版-2021年高考英语备考艺考生百日冲刺系列

2021年高考英语备考艺考生百日冲刺系列专题39 【概要写作】题型增分攻略四解析版微技能5 灵活转换句式在找出材料中的主旨句后，灵活转换原文要点句中的句式可以增强语言表达的独立性，可利用如下几个方法转换句式：技巧点拨1.化繁为简①将状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句等复合句、强调句和并列句简化为简单句如It is traditional that Chinese people gather together for the Spring Festival.简化为Traditionally，Chinese people gather together for the Spring Festival.②将状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句等复合句和并列句简化为非谓语动词短语如who mostly live in poor areas简化为非谓语动词短语mostly living in poor areas.③将状语从句简化为省略句或介词短语如when it is necessary 简化为when necessarythough there are many differences 简化为介词短语despite many differences④将原文要点句中的简单句简化为短语或单词如there is not enough water 简化为water shortageone has to consider简化为名词consideration2.两句合一①将两个简单句合并为一个并列句或简单句②利用非谓语动词作定语或状语等合并两个简单句③将两个简单句合并为含有状语从句、定语从句或名词性从句的复合句3.句式转换：①主动句式与被动句式互换②宾语从句变主语从句如We believe that people value creativity in America.转换为It is believed that creativity is valued in America.2021年高考英语【概要写作】题型强化训练四解析版跟踪检测·迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能Test 1阅读下面短文, 根据内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。

There are some important regulations parents can take to make sure their kids use cell phones in a safe and responsible way. When kids know what the consequences are when rules aren’t followed, that makes life more predictable for them.Most kids are not paying for their cell phones or their cell phone plans, so if you paid for it, you own it, which means you have the right to take it away anytime if they disobey the rules you set up earlier.After a kid has a cell phone, suddenly parents discover data runs out half way through the month. This can get expensive and your kids need to know how to monitor their use. Also, teen cell phone addiction should be limited. Generally, it’s a good idea to have no cell phone policy while they are doing homework and at bedtime.Come to agreement in advance about what they are and aren’t allowed to downl oad on their cell phone. There are some really bad apps for kids that you don’t want on their phones.Make sure your kids understand how to set up their privacy. Talk with them about why guarding their privacy is so important. Many teens truly have no concept about everything that a cell phone can share about them including personal information and their location.Y ou want to cover what is and isn’t appropriate to share via a cell phone. This definitely means photos and language used in emails and on socia l media. But don’t forget simpler things like providing their address, their age or what school they go to online.Lastly, there are times and places when using one’s cell phone is not appropriate. In movie theaters or during class time at school the phone should be on silent and put away. Additionally, when someone is having a face to face conversation with them, they need to be looking at the person, not their phone.【经典范文】Parents can make rules to guide their kids to use cell phones safely and responsibly. (要点1) First, parents own the phone, so they have the right to determine how it is used. (要点2) Besides, parents should teach kids to use cell phones wisely, avoid addiction and pay attention to downloading. (要点3) Lastly, it is important to protect privacy and don’t share the basic personal information on the phone. When and where to use cell phones should also be told. (要点4)Test 2How to Deal with Pressures at SchoolAs a high school student, if you are feeling stressed out or frustrated by teachers, classmates,or schoolwork，it is important to know that you aren't the only one. Believe it or not，everyone has these feelings at some point，and everyone should learn how to deal with them properly.First of all，you need to keep a positive attitude and not take things to heart. That someone got a better grade than you doesn't mean that they are smarter—perhaps they studied longer or knew the material more. It's easy to become frustrated if you are not doing as well as your friends，but being optimistic will help you deal with future similar situations.Secondly，if students at school are bullying you，know when to stand up for yourself. Don't let other classmates make you feel that you are not good enough. They are simply insecure and do not know how to deal with the pressures of school. They are just trying to make others feel bad，so they can feel better about themselves.Lastly，it is necessary to keep things correctly. For any situation that is stressful，take a second look from a different point of view. When I look back to the frustrations of my high school days，I notice that many of them seem very unimportant to me now.It's not easy to be confident when there are so many students who seem like they "have itall"，but try to realize th at you, too, are good enough. It’s not a competition about who is smarter, more beautiful—everyone is different—so believe your individuality.【经典范文】Every high school student feels frustrated at school sometimes and it’s necessary to learn how to handle it.(要点1) Optimistic attitudes cheer you up when you are not doing well in studies. (要点2) Be brave when others bully you due to their own lack of confidence.(要点3) Looking at stressful situations differently relieves you. (要点4) After all, you are unique and equally good.Test 3In today’s world where we have various translation apps that allow us to talk to almost anyone “in his own language”, why do we still need to make an effort to learn a foreign language ourselves? There are practical reasons, of course. For example, those who are bilingual (具备双语能力的) have a better chance in the job market. And science has proved that learning to speak more than one language can train one’s brain to be stronger.But there’s more to it than that. US author Rita Mae Brown once wrote: “Language is the road map of a culture.” By taking a look at the vocabulary and idioms of a language system, we get a glimpse (一瞥) at what’s held important in a certain culture. Take the Swedish word “lagom” for example. It means “just the right amount”, which doesn’t have a matching word either in English or in Chinese. From “lagom”, we can see how much the concepts of “moderation (适度)” and “balance” are valued in Swedish culture. By learning a foreign language, you also gain a better understanding of your own culture. Irish language expert Benny Lewis explained this idea in his blog with an interesting metaphor: “Trying to understand your own culture merely from within it is like trying to understand what a bus is like if you’ve only ever ridden inside it. If you want the bigger picture, you need to get off that bus and examine it from the outside.” And by opening our eyes to different cultures, we’re able to understand better how people grow up to be different from one another. We also learn to be more tolerant and respectful to the diversity of the world.As Trinity University professor Leonardo De Valoes wrote on the school’s website: “Foreign language study is simply part of a very basic liberal education: to ‘educate’ is to leadout, to lead out of narrowness and darkness.”【经典范文】Why should we master a foreign language despite diverse translation apps? (要点1) It brings us some practical benefits. However, its value is more than that.（要点2）Language is an important aspect of culture.（要点3）Foreign language study helps us understand further the cultures abroad and at home. Thus, we can learn to accept human uniqueness and respect the diversity of the world.（要点4）Test 4CLEAN UP YOUR BUTTS AND BAGSAll sorts of items become litter, but two of the most common and most dangerous are cigarette butts and plastic bags. Litter is a big problem for our environment, but it is a problem that individuals can easily do something about. Not littering at all or cleaning up litter, such as cigarette butts and plastic bags, greatly improves the quality of our environment.Although cigarette butts are small, they are bad for the environment. Over 1,600 billion cigarettes are smoked each year in China and large quantities of the butts are thrown away. Worldwide, about 4.5 trillion butts are littered every year. Apart from the fact that butts spoil the beauty of the environment, they contain some very toxic chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where they decrease the quality of the water and endanger plants and animals that live there. Because there are so many butts and because they can take up to 5 years to break down, the toxic chemicals add up to a large amount. So, if people have to smoke, they should not throw away the butts but put them in the rubbish bin instead.Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is a danger to the environment. There are several reasons for this. They are made from oil and gas, which are non-renewable resources, if they are not recycled, these resources are lost to us. In China, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day. An enormous number of these become litter. This is a huge problem because they last from 20 to 1,000 years in the environment. They float easily in air and water and travel long distances. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches and oceans. Plastic bags kill up to one million seabirds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish each year worldwide. When the animal dies and breaks down, the plastic bag can become free again to kill another animal. It is up to peoplenot to let plastic bags become litter. It would be better if they used fewer and recycled them.Cleaning up your cigarette butts and plastic bags would improve the environment. The earth would be a better place because it would be less polluted. And we would know that we were doing something to look after our planet. However, I believe the best solution would be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.【经典范文】Cigarette butts and plastic bags are the most serious litter problems, but people can help deal with them.（要点1）Cigarette butts, which destroy the beautiful environment and endanger life with poisonous chemicals, should be put into dustbins.（要点2）Plastic bags, made from non-renewable resources, can exist in different places for a long time, killing countless animals. （要点3）So people had better use fewer and recycle them. Cleaning up butts and bags will make the world better.（要点4）Test 5Studies have shown that children from poor families have more difficulty in school than other boys and girls. Children with higher socioeconomic roots seem better prepared and perform better on school tests.Now, American researchers may have found a biological reason for that difference. They found differences in the brains of students who had low standardized test scores. Their brains had less gray matter and their temporal lobes（颞叶） developed more slowly than the other children. The findings were reported in the journal JAMA Pediatrics. Temporal lobes and gray matter are very important brain areas, says researcher Barbara Wolfe. The brain areas are “critical in the sense that they keep developing until individuals are well into their adolescence or early 20s, and critical in the sense that they are important for executive function,” she said.Researchers studied brain images of nearly 400 children and young adults. The youngest subjects were four years old. The oldest were 22. Researchers looked for a connection between the person’s socioeconomic status and his or her test results. On average, young people from poor families had test scores between three and four points below what is expected for their age group. The poorest students scored between eight and 10 points below the developmental norm.Ms. Wolfe says there are several reasons why poorer students often have lower scores. One reason could be poor children do not get the food they need for healthy development. Poor parentsare less likely to stimulate their children’ s brains through talk, play, and activities. Ms. Wolfe also blames the “stress that parents face in trying to deal with poverty, putting food on the table.” The researchers say that up to 20 percent of the achievement gap, or difference in test performance, could be tied to poverty.Ms. Wolfe suggests early action may improve the brain development of children living in poverty. Reaching out to children when they are very young could help raise their test scores and academic performance when they are older.【经典范文】Recently, a study reveals the link between a child’s socioeconomic background and his academic behavior（要点3）, that is, poorer students usually have lower scores than those from richer families（要点1）. Less gray matter in their brain may contribute to their learning disability （要点2）. Besides, family pressure, food shortage and lack of stimulus also account for it（要点4）. Fortunately, it is proposed that early action is likely to promote the brain development of those poor students（要点5）.Test 6Speed-reading is a necessary skill in the Internet age. We read articles, e-mails and We Chat quickly, trying to understand key words and the most important meaning of a certain text. Faced with so much information from our smart phones, it would be impossible to deal if we read word by word, line by line. However, more and more people enjoy reading slowly.There is a book club in Wellington, New Zealand, where members meet in a cafe and turn off their smart phones. They sink into comfortable chairs and read in silence for an hour. Unlike other book clubs, the point of the slow reading club isn’t exchanging ideas about a certain book, but to get away from smart phones and read in a quiet, relaxing environment. Actually, the Wellington book club is just one example of slow-reading book clubs.Nowadays, technology has made us unable to focus on reading. “Screens have changed our reading patterns from the straight and information left-to-right order to a wild skimming(略读) and skipping pattern as we hunt for important words and information. Reading a text with links leads to weaker understanding than reading an ordinary text,” says Patrick Kingsley from a newspaper. However, slow reading is good for readers in many ways. It sharpens the mind, improves concentration, reduces stress levels and deepens the ability to sympathize (共鸣).Another study last year showed that reading novels slowly helps people understand others’ mental states and beliefs, a fundamental skill in building relationships.Aim for 30 minutes a day, advises Kelly, a slow reader. “You can put in half an hour pretty easily during your free moments. You pick up a meaningful book rather than start your computer to look for your favorite site for something to pass the time,” Kelly said.【经典范文】Though speed-reading plays an important role in the modern age, an increasing number of people prefer to read slowly. (要点1) Actually, there are many slow reading clubs where people put aside their smart phones and read quietly and slowly. (要点2) Currently, technology makes people less concentrated, but slow reading brings many benefits. (要点3) It is suggested that people should spend 30 minutes every day in reading slowly. (要点4)Test 7We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. One of the ways these people wrongly support their view is by pointing to 100-year-old homes which are still solid, and arguing that it is the craftsmanship that is responsible for their durability (持久性). “Homes in those days were well-built,” they say. There is no doubt that these homes were well-built, but what these people have done is mix up the quality of material used in the house with the quality of the craftsmanship.Homes today could be built to last just as long as those old homes if people were willing or able to pay the price. For example, more people can no longer afford solid oak stairways, although they were once fairly common in older homes. Nor can they afford the high labor cost of employing a carpenter to build the stairway. Yet if someone can pay the high cost, there are still plenty of carpenters around able to make those stairways. And not only would these carpenters know how to build them, they would probably do a better job than carpenters of old.One thing the modern carpenter has which enables him to do a better job is much more advanced tools. Such tools as laser beams and power planes help them lay out a house better and make more precision cuts (精确切割) on the wood. Also, it is not uncommon any more to find carpenters with college degrees and carpenters with a solid knowledge of mathematics, which would enable them to deal with more difficult house designs.The problem of modern quality, then, really boils down to the problem of material, for the modern carpenter is just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fifty years ago, but only if given proper material.【经典范文】People who think highly of carpenters of ancient hold the view that craft is dead in modern society (要点1). However, carpenters today can still build homes of good or even better quality if they are given proper materials and reasonable pay. (要点2)Additionally, modern carpenters are more knowledgeable and equipped with advanced tools.(要点3) Therefore, they are sure to produce craftsmanship better than, or at least as good as that made in the past. (要点4)Test 8Throughout history, music spread among people of different cultures. In today's technologic advanced society, however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artist's permission. This can lead to many problems, and music companies are now dealing with this practice. Sharing music online without permission is theft (盗窃).Sharing music online prevents recording companies from making money from their efforts. They say that sharing music online has led to a huge drop in profits and sales over the past 10 years. People who find music for free online are not paying for CDs or every MP3 downloaded. To truly understand the influence of music piracy (盗版) on creators, we must understand how many people are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be shared between musicians, sound engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business for all companies involved.There are many people who don't see the harm in sharing music online and even think they have the right to do it. One online blogger states that he originally paid for an entire CD and that he should be able to do with the material whatever he wants. While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to provide permission, which means people like the blogger are thieves.Although we don't spread today's music the same way we did before, there's no doubt that people around the word love to share music. However, Internet piracy would prevent musicians from continuing producing albums for fear of theft. Therefore, if people want to continue listeningto their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profits to continue their music careers.【经典范文】Sharing music online without permission is in fact a theft, which can cause many problems. (要点1)It mainly affect the recording companies, preventing them from making money from their efforts.(要点2) However, many peopl e don’t see the bad effects, and some of them even think they have the right to do that. (要点3)So, to continue listening to their favorite artists, people need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profits to continue their music careers.(要点4)。