1 Syntactic Codes and Grammar Refinement

综合测试题（一）I. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets：(10 points)( ) 1. General linguistics is based on the view that language as a system, which is composed of three aspects: sound, structure and meaning. ( ) 2. The total number of words stored in the brain is called morphology. ( ) 3. The sentence “The woman can’t bear children”is structurally ambiguous.( ) 4. Categorization refers to the process by which people use language to classify the world around and inside them.( ) 5. Metaphors can create similarities between the target domain and the source domain.( ) 6. According to referential content, deixis can be put into person deixis, place deixis, time deixis and discourse deixis.( ) 7. Phrase structure rules are rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories.( ) 8. Modality can be categorized into probability and Usuality.( ) 9. Age is not the learner factor that has been an issue in second language acquisition research.( )10. Register, as a variety of language in use, is analyzed on three dimensions: field, mode and tenor.II. Multiple choice: (10 points)1. ____________ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.A. creativityB. arbitrarinessC. displacementD. interchangeability2. Syntactically, Japanese is ____________ language.A. analyticB. isolatingC. syntheticD. agglutinating3. The general roles language plays are termed .A. metalanguagesB. metafunctionsC. metadiscoursesD. metagrammar4. ____________ is a process that creates a new word by dropping a real or supposed suffix.A. BlendingB. EponymsC. BackformationD. Clipping5. The smallest meaningful unit of language is called a ___________.A. suffixB. prefixC. morphemeD. morph6. __________ theories are those that attempt to explain acquisition on the basis of assuming an innate biological endowment that makes learning possible.A. EnvironmentalistB. functionalistC. nativistD. both a and b7. Words and phrases like now, yesterday, next week, in three day, etC. are called __________.A. person deixisB. time deixisC. place deixisD. discourse deixis8. Every syllable has a(n) __________, which is usually a vowel.A. nucleusB. onsetD. code D. rhyme9. ___________ is defined as the study of meaning.A. linguisticsB. semanticsC. morphologyD. pragmatics10. A ___________ is a mixed language which has become the mother tongueof a speech community.A. pidginB. creoleC. EsperantoD. natural languageIII. Match the terms in column A with the phrases in column B and put a, b…j into brackets: (10 points)A B( ) 1. Socialinguistics a. the analysis of sentence structure( ) 2. Applied Linguistics b. the analysis of meaning in context( ) 3. Morphology C. the analysis of meaning( ) 4.d Phonetics d. the study of sound systems and patterns( ) 5.Linguistics e. the application of linguistic theories to other spheres ( ) 6. Syntax f. the study of speech sounds( ) 7. Psycholinguistics g. the study of the relationship between language and society ( ) 8. Pragmatics h. the study of word structure( ) 9. Phonology i. the scientific study of language( ) 10 Semantics j. the study of the relationship between language and mindIV. For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s) they all share: (10 points)1.[t∫][dз]2.[m] [n] [ɡ]3.[f] [θ] [s ] [∫] [h]4.[d] [n] [z] [l] [r]5.[i:] [i] [u:] [u]V. Consider the following words and fill in the form: (10 points)VI. Interpretate the following ambiguous sentences: (10 points)1.The duck is too hot to eat.(1)______________________________________(2)______________________________________2.Visiting friends can be boring.(1)______________________________________(2)______________________________________VII. Explain the following terms: (10 points)1. derivation2.learner factorsVIII. Answer the following questions? (30 points)1.What is the difference between “a red and a redcoat” ?2.What are the features of modern linguistics?3. According to Austin, what does a speech act consist of?综合测试题（二）I. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: (10 points)( ) 1. According to M. A. K. Halliday, the three metafunctions of language are ideational metafunction, interpersonal metafunction and logicalmetafunction.( ) 2. Duality is the first and foremost striking feature of human language. ( ) 3. Modality can be categorized into modalization and modulation according to Halliday.( ) 4. Morphology is the study of the internal structure and the formation of words.( ) 5. Associative meanings are meanings that hinge on referential meaning. ( ) 6. Second language acquisition is a complex process which involves social factors and learner factors.( ) 7.Varieties of a language are of four types: the standard variety, regional dialets, sociodialects and registers.( ) 8. Functional linguistics is based on the view that language as a system, which is composed of three aspects: sound, structure and meaning. ( ) 9.Euphemism is an expression that substitutes one which may be seen as offensive or disturbing to the addressee.( ) 10. Intonation is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.II. Multiple choice: (10 points)1. The language used to talk about language is called __________.A. languageB. metalanguageC. natural languageD. artificial language2. [+continuant] specifies ________________.A. all the fricativesB. all the fricatives and glidesC. all the fricatives and liquidsD. all the fricatives, liquids and glides3. _________ is a process that creates new words by putting togethernon-morphemic parts of existing words.A. CoinageB. BlendingC. AcronmymsD. Clipping4. A __________ is a minimal distinctive linguistic unit.A. morphemeB. wordC. phonemeD. allophones5.The word “multinationality has ___________ morphemes.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 56._________ is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to “varietiesaccording to use”, in contrast with regional dialects and sociolects, both of which are “varieties according to user”.A. fieldB. modeC. tenorD. register7.__________ are a fundamental unit of conversational structure.A. back-channel signalsB. adjacency pairsC. pre-sequencesD. insertion sequences8.The idea that people cooperate with each other in conversing is generalizedby Grice (1975) as ____________.A. the principle of relevanceB. cooperative principleC. the politeness principleD. the theory of prototypes9.Beauty and siren both refer to a good-looking woman, but they differ in__________.A. affective meaningB. styleC. collocationD. register10.“John explained the theory”is a ___________ process according toHalliday.A. materialB. mentalC. verbalD. behavioralIII. Complete the blanks with necessary words beginning with the letter given: (10 points)1.Specially, there are four m__________ under cooperative principlegeneralized by Grice.2.M__________ is unanimously acknowledged by researchers and languageteachers as an important factor in second language acquisition.3. A speech act consists of three dimensions. The act of producing ameaningful linguistic expression is called l_____________ act. The act of communicating intention through utterance is termed i_____________ act.The act of bringing about an effect is known as p____________ act.4.The transference of properties of the source domain to the target domain isreferred to by some cognitive linguists as m____________ .5.C__________ is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deletingone or more syllables.6. A morpheme may be represented by different forms, called a___________,7.The term language a___________ refers to the natural process of children’language development.8. A d___________ is a variety of a language that is distinctive from otherregional varieties in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation.IV. Match the words underlined in Column A with the types of English word formation in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracket before the sentence: (10 points)( ) 1. This vet is very famous in the town. a. Conversion ( ) 2. This classroom is large and bright.. b. Derivation ( ) 3. He is watering flowers. C. Blending ( ) 4. Orlon is a kind of cloth material. d. Backformation( ) 5. Watt is the measurement unit of electricity. e. Acronym( ) 6. EEC is an important organization in the world. f. Compounding ( ) 7. An editor is a person who edits a newspaper. g. Coinage( ) 8. The road was enlarged last year. h. Eponym( ) 9. Some young people have brunch quite often. i. ClippingV. Pick out the sound that does not belong to the group of the sounds according to the natural class of sounds. And then name the feature(s) that define the one picked out and the group of sounds: (10 points)For example: [z] voiced/voiceless [f] [θ] [z] [s]1. [ ] ____________ ____ [m] [ŋ] [l] [n]2. [ ] ____________ ____ [p] [b] [m] [v] [w]3. [ ] ____________ ____ [s] [z] [∫] [dз] [з]4. [ ] ____________ ___________ [i:] [i] [æ] [u] [e]5. [ ] __________________________ [i:] [ə:] [e] [æ]VI. Draw tree diagrams to show the ambiguity of the sentence, “He found his book on Wall Street”: (10 points)VII. Explain the following terms: (10 points)nguage and linguistics2.semantics and pragmaticsVII. Answer the following questions:(40%)1.How do you understand creativity, one of the features of human language?2.What do Taboo and Euphemism mean? What is the relationship betweenthem?3.What are the general roles language plays according to Halliday?综合测试题（三）I. Indicate the statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets. (10 points)( ) 1. A morpheme is the smallest distinctive linguistic unit that can contrast words in meaning and in form.( ) 2. The language used to talk about language is called metalanguage. ( ) 3. The word “went” contains two morphemes.( ) 4. The approach that analyzes word meaning by decomposing it into its atomic features is called componential analysis (CA).( ) 5. Euphemism refers to a prohibition on the use of, mention of, or association with particular objects, action, or persons.( ) 6. The distinction between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is whether it can be used independently in speech or writing.( ) 7. In English, the two liquids [l] and [r] are phonemes, but in Korean, they are allophones.( ) 8. Mood is a syntactic constituent made up of the Subject and the Predicate.( ) 9. Compounding is one type of word formation by combining both free morphemes and bound morphemes.( )10. The total number of words stored in the brain is called the lexicon.II. Multiple choice: (10 points)1. The followings are all features of language except __________.A. dualityB. productivityC. changeabilityD. displacement2. The lexical sense relation between flour and flower is __________.A. synonymyB. antonymC. polysemyD. homonymy3. ______ is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class.A. ConversionB. AbbreviationC. EponymsD. Blending4. Children all undergo ________ stages of language development.A. babbling, two-word, holophrastic and the telegraphic speechB. babbling, two-word, telegraphic speech and the holophrasticC. babbling, holophrastic, two-word, and the telegraphic speechD. babbling, holophrastic, telegraphic speech and the two-word5. The followings are acknowledged as important factors in second language acquisition except _________.A. motivationB. nationalityC. ageD. learning strategy6. Speakers consider the matter of face for themselves and others. Based on this observation, Leech (1983) proposes _____________.A. the cooperative principleB. the principle of relevanceC. the politeness principle C. speech acts7.Minimal pairs can be exemplified by ____________.A. moon/noonB. foot/foodC. she/sheetD. sea/sea8.The features that are found over a segment or a sequence of two or moresegments are called ___________.A. distinctive featuresB. non-distinctive featuresC. suprasegmental featuresD. free variation9.The ____________ function (sometimes also referred to as experientialfunction) is realized by the transitivity system of language.A. ideationalB. interpersonalC. textualD. logical10.Free morphemes were traditionally called roots, and bound morphemes_________.A. prefixesB. suffixesC. affixesD. inflectional morphemesIII. Match the words underlined in Column A with the types of English word formation in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracket before the sentence: (10 points)( ) 1. Most children like drinking Coca-cola. a. Conversion ( ) 2. UNESCO is a branch United Nations. b. Derivation ( ) 3. The police machineguned the gang. c. Blending( ) 4. I like sandwiches very much. d. Backformation ( ) 5. There are a lot of fruits in the fridge. e. Acronym ( ) 6. Infotech is popular nowadays. f. Compounding ( ) 7. An editor is a person who edits a newspaper. g. Coinage( ) 8. His stepmother is very kind to him. h. Eponym( ) 9. The street was widened last year. i. ClippingIV. Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to the articulatory description.(10 points)1. labiodentals [ ]2. interdentals [ ]3. back vowels [ ]4. high vowels [ ]5. palatal affricates [ ]V. Match the sentence in Column A with the linguistic process in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracket. (10 points)( ) 1. The noise annoyed him. a. Material process ( ) 2. The police caught him b. Relational process ( ) 3. There are two books on the table. c. Mental process ( ) 4. John explained the theory to me. d. Verbal process( ) 5. He watches TV every day. e. Behavioral process ( ) 6. The conference is on Monday f. Existential processVI. Explain the following terms: (10 points)1.arbitrariness2.voicingVII. Draw tree diagrams to show the ambiguity of the sentence, “They can fish”. (10 points)VIII. Answer the following questions? (30 points)1.What is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse?2.What is conversion in terms of word formation? Illustrate it with examples.3.What are the components of metaphors?综合测试题（四）I. Indicate the statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: (10 points)( ) 1. English is a tone language.( ) 2. Bound morphemes are always attached to free morphemes to form new words.( ) 3. Associative meanings are meanings that hinge on referential meanings. ( ) 4. Metaphor is an essential element in our categorization of the world and our thinking process.( ) 5. Overgeneralization is found universal in second language acquisition. ( ) 6. According to M. A. K. Halliday, the three metafunctions of language are experiential metafunction, interpersonal metafunction anddiscourse metafunction.( ) 7. The language used to talk about language is called metalanguage. ( ) 8. There are two types of language in the world: natural language and artificial language.( ) 9. Coinage is a process of inventing words based on existing morphemes. ( )10 Environmentalist theories hold that experience is of more importance than innate contributions in learning a second language.II. Multiple choice: (10 points)1. The word “antidisestablishmentariaism” is composed of ______ morphemes.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine2. __________ refers to the vibrating of the vocal cords when sounds are produced.A. VoicingB. VoicedC. NasalizationD. Aspiration3. Smog is a ___________ word.A. derivedB. clippedC. blendedD. compound4. The idea that the learners have a sense of achievement as long as they learn if of vital importance. This kind of motivation may be termed ____ motivation.A. instrumentalB. integrativeC. cognitiveD. none of them5. [u:] possesses the features _____________.A. [+high][+back][+round][-tense]B. [+high][-back][+round][+tense]C.[+high][+back][+round][+tense]D. [-high][+back][+round][+tense]6. English is an example of _________ languages.A. VSOB. SVOC. SOVD. SVO7. A ________ is the smallest distinctive linguistic unit that can contrastwords in meaning and in form.A. phonemeB. phoneC. morphemeD. morph8.Free morphemes were traditionally called _________.A. affixesB. prefixC. suffixD. root9.The lexical sense relation between elephant and animal is __________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. homonymy10.Words like male and female, pass and fail, etc. are ________ antonyms.A. gradableB. complementaryC. reversalD. relativeIII. Match the sentence in Column A with the linguistic process in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracketbefore the sentence. (10 points)( ) 1. John is talking to Jane. a. Material process ( ) 2. Tom is the leader b. Relational process ( ) 3. There is a cat on the bed. c. Mental process ( ) 4. The bad news astonished her. d. Verbal process ( ) 5. Edward broke the window. e. Behavioral process ( ) 6. He waved his hands. f. Existential processIV. State what semantic property or properties are shared by the group of words. (10 points)For example: typewriter, ruler, notebook[ +stationary]1. king, bachelor, son ________________________2. bull, rooster, stallion ________________________3. pine, rose, elm4. bravery, charity, devotion5. car, bike, planeV. Transcribe the sound represented by the underlined letter(s) in the words and the describe it. (10 points)Example: far [a:] back low vowel1. thread [ ]2. beat [ ]3. important [ ]4. live [ ]5. stop [ ]VI. Explain the ambiguity of the following sentences. (10 points)1.She can not bear children.(1)(2)(3) ______________________________________________2.He hates old men and women.(1)(2)VII. Explain the following terms with examples. (10 points)pounding2.Free variationVII. Answer the following questions? (30 points)1.What is the distinction between semantics and pragmatics?2.What are the four parameters that underlie a speaker’s communicativecompetence according to Hymes (1972)?3.What are the three types of antonyms (lexical opposition) in English?综合测试题（五）I. Indicate the statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: (10 points)( ) 1. Language is defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.( ) 2. Language contains two subsystems, one of sounds and the other of meaning.( ) 3. The Swiss linguist Chomsky regarded the linguistic sign as composed of sound image and referent.( ) 4. Language can be used to refer to things real or false, past, present or future.( ) 5. Language is merely genetically transmitted from generation to generation.( ) 6. We use language as symbolic code to represent the world around us. ( ) 7. The ideatonal function of language binds individuals together. ( ) 8. When we speak or write we usually confine ourselves to single phrases or sentences.( ) 9. Language is mostly a natural phenomenon.( ) 10. Applied linguistic is concerned with the application of linguistic theories and descriptions in other fields.Ⅱ. Transcribe the sound underlined in the words and then describe it. (5 points)1.Geographic2.Red3.Song4.Clock5.PsychopathyⅢ. The following sets of minimal pairs show that English /p/ and /b/ contrast in initial, medial, and final positions. (5 points) Initial Medial Finalpit/bit rapid/rabid cap/cabFind similar sets of minimal pairs for each pair of consonants given:1./k/-/g/2./m/-/n/3./l/-/r/4./b/-/v/5./b/-/m/Ⅳ. Each of the following columns illustrates a different morphological process. (10 points)Column ⅠColumn ⅡColumn ⅢA. chairs A. reality A. blackboardB. wider B. movement B. greenhouseC.looked C.malcontent C. makeshiftD. Tom’s D. stepmother D. paintwork(1) What morphological process is shown by Column Ⅰ, Ⅱand Ⅲ.(2) What is the morphological difference between a),b) and c),d) inColumn Ⅱ.Ⅴ. Tell whether polarity or modality is expressed in the following sentences if modality, then identify the type (modalization or modulation). (10 points)1.I have not finished the task.2.He often comes to my office.3.I will show you how to make up the bed.4.He hardly came back to see his mother5.The company ought to cut the price of the products.Ⅵ. Analyze the semantic properties of the given cooking terms, using the features [+/-WATER], [+/-FAT], [+/-PAN], [+/-POT], [+/-OVEN], [+/-SIEVE], etC. (10 points)boil:fry:steam:stew:bake:Ⅶ. Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show that you understand the ambiguity involved:(15 points)a).The professor’s appointment was shocking.b).The design has big squares and circles.c).The governor is a dirty street fighter.Ⅷ. What maxim of the politeness principle is observed by B?What is the implicature? (5 points)a).The dress is lovely, isn’t it?b).The material is nice.Ⅸ. Draw two phrase structure trees representing the two meanings of the sentence the magician touched the child with the wand. Be sure you indicate which meaning goes with which tree. (10 points)Ⅹ. Answer the following question: (20points)1.What is the functioning of stress and intonation in English?2.How do you account for the relation between phonetics andphonology?综合测试题（六）I. Indicate the statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: (20 points)( ) 1. In the study of the first step is the task of auditory phonetics.( ) 2. The sound source is the larynx.( ) 3. The oral cavity contains most of the articulators, namely, the uvula, the velum the hard palate.( ) 4. Sounds which are produced with the upper teeth touching the lower lip are labialdentals.( ) 5. Conversion is usually found in words containing one morpheme. ( ) 6. Abbreviations are formed by putting together the final letters of some or all words in a phrase or title.( ) 7. Eponyms are words that originate from proper names of individuals or places.( ) 8. All members.of a speech community can send and take messages. ( ) 9.Traditional grammar was initially based on European language, particularly on Latin and German.( ) 10. One of the important concepts of structural grammar is the concept of immediate constituent.( ) 11. Pragmatics is the analysis of meaning in context.( ) 12. The meanings communicated through language are or two types: conventional meanings and intentional meanings( ) 13. An expression used by a s peaker/writer to identify something is called deictic expression.( ) 14. Chomsky theory of conversational implicature is regarded as a breakthrough in pragmatic study of language use.( ) 15. Relevance is a relative notion. It is determined by two factors: contextual effect and processing effort.( ) 16. Modality can be categorized into modalization and intention.( ) 17. Mood is a syntactic constituent made up of the object and the finite. ( ) 18. Relational processes are linguistic processes that represent a relation being set up between two separate.( ) 19. Mental processes are processes of sensing.( ) 20. A TG grammar must account for all or only grammatical sentences.Ⅱ. Divide the following words by placing a + between their separate morphemes. (5 points)1.Retroactive2.Befriended3.Televise4.Margin5.EndearmentⅢ.Write the one proper description from the list under B for the italicized part of each word in A. (5 points)A Ba. terrorized (1) free rootb. uncivilized (2) bound rootC. terrorize (3) inflectional suffixd. lukewarm (4) derivational suffixe. impossible (5) inflectional prefix(6) derivational prefix(7) inflectional infix(8) derivational infixⅣ. Write out at least ten structure rules that each of the following rules abbreviate. (5 points)V P→V (NP) (PP) (Adv)NP→(Det) (Adj) N (PP)Ⅴ .Draw phrase structure trees for the following sentences: (10 points)a)The man found the letter.b)The students put the books in the classroom.Ⅵ. Write the semantic feature shared by the given words. (5 points)1.Bull, rooster, bachelor, boyk, water, alcohol, oil3.Squash, tennis, cricket, fencing, boxing4.Idea, concept, love, clarity, democracy5.Pine, elm, willow, birch, poplarⅦ.Each of the following words is a basic level term. Write its superordinate in the left blank and one of its subordinate in the right blank. (10 points)1.table2.willow3.cat4.blue5.dictionary6.painting7.driver8.verb9.chemistry10.juiceⅧ. The opposite of analytic is contradictory. A sentence that is false due to the meaning of its words alone is contradictory.Kings are female is an example. Write a C by the contradictory sentences and S for situational by sentences that are not contradictory. (10 points)1.My sister is a man.2.Witches are wicked3.My sister is an only child.4.The evening star isn’t the morning star.5.The evening star isn’t the evening star.6.Babies are adults.7.Babies can lift one ton.8.Puppies are human.9.My bachelor friends are all married.10.My bachelor friends are all lonely.Ⅸ. Pig Latin is a common language game of English; but even Pig Latin has dialects, forms of the “language game” with different rules. (10 points)Consider the following data from three dialects of Pig Latin, each with its own rule applied to words beginning with vowels:Dialect 1 Dialect 2 Dialect 3“eat” [itme] [ithe] [ite]“arc” [arkme] [arkhe] [arke]⑴ State the rule that accounts for the Pig Latin forms in each dialect.Dialect 1:Dialect 2:Dialect 3:⑵ How would you say honest, admire, and illegal in each dialect? Give thephonetic transcription of the Pig Latin forms.honest 1. 2. 3.admire 1. 2. 3.illegal 1. 2. 3.Ⅹ. Answer the following questions: (20 points)1.What is the function of phonological knowledge?2.Exemplify the differences between anaphoric and cataphoricreference.综合测试题（七）Ⅰ. Complete the blanks with necessary words beginning with the letter given: (10 points)1.The term l a refers to the natural process ofchildren’s language development.2.It is found that children all undergo certain stages of languagedevelopment, namely the b stage, holophrastic stage,the two-word stage, and the telegraphic speech stage.3.The practice of error analysis is divided into i ,describing and explaining.4.S refers to the analysis of meaning.5.In the aspect of affective meaning, statesman is commendingin sense while politician is d .6. D synonyms are words which are similar in meaningbut used in different dialects of the language.7.In order to avoid repetition the writer needs to use a sto replace a word used in the previous co-text when he/shewants to continue to address that idea.8.The sentence “The bachelor is unmarried” is it t .9.The domain to be conceptualized is called t domain,while the conceptualizing domain is termed the sourcedomain.10.P deixis specifies the locations relative to the speechevent.Ⅱ. Write the sound which corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions: (5 points)1.tense front mid vowelteral liquid。

I am diligently working on my homework at home in English.Heres a detailed description of the process:1.Setting Up a Comfortable Study Space:I make sure my study area is welllit,quiet,and free from distractions.This includes a clean desk,a comfortable chair,and all the necessary materials within reach.anizing the Assignments:I list down all the assignments I need to complete, prioritizing them based on their deadlines and the amount of time they are likely to take.3.Gathering Resources:I collect all the textbooks,notes,and online resources I might need for the assignments.This could include dictionaries,thesauruses,and educational websites.4.Understanding the Tasks:Before I start,I read through the instructions carefully to make sure I understand what is being asked.If there are any unclear points,I make a note to ask my teacher for clarification.5.Breaking Down the Assignments:I break down larger assignments into smaller, manageable tasks.This helps me to tackle each part systematically and ensures that I dont feel overwhelmed.6.Time Management:I allocate specific time slots for each task,using a timer to keep track of how long I spend on each one.This helps me to stay focused and ensures that I dont spend too much time on any one task.7.Writing in English:Since the assignments are in English,I pay close attention to grammar,spelling,and sentence structure.I also try to use a variety of vocabulary to make my writing more engaging.8.Drafting and Revising:I write a first draft of each assignment,then set it aside for a short break before revisiting it to revise and edit.This helps me to spot any errors or areas that could be improved.ing Technology:I use various apps and online tools to help with my writing.This might include grammar checkers,online dictionaries,and citation generators.10.Proofreading:Before submitting my assignments,I proofread them carefully to catch any final errors or typos.I might also ask a family member or friend to read through my work to get a fresh perspective.11.Submitting the Assignments:Once I am satisfied with my work,I submit the assignments through the appropriate channels,whether thats via email,an online learning platform,or in person.12.Reflecting on the Process:After completing my homework,I take a moment to reflect on what went well and what I could improve for next time.This helps me to continually refine my study habits and become a more effective learner.。

英语作文的主要特点The main characteristics of English composition can be summarized as follows:1. Clarity and Coherence: English compositions strive for clarity in expression and coherence in structure. Ideas are presented logically, with smooth transitions between paragraphs and sentences.2. Grammar and Syntax: Proper grammar and syntax are essential in English composition. Sentences are constructed using correct grammar rules, and the arrangement of words follows standard syntactic patterns.3. Vocabulary and Diction: A rich and varied vocabulary enhances the quality of English compositions. Writers choose words carefully to convey precise meanings and create the desired tone or atmosphere.4. Organization and Structure: English compositionstypically follow a clear organizational structure, such as introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Each part serves a specific purpose and contributes to the overall coherence of the piece.5. Content and Development: Strong English compositions are characterized by well-developed content. Writers provide relevant details, examples, and evidence to support their main points and arguments.6. Style and Tone: The style and tone of English compositions vary depending on the purpose and audience. Writers may adopt a formal, informal, persuasive, descriptive, or narrative style, among others, to achieve their communicative goals.7. Creativity and Originality: While adhering to established conventions, English compositions also allowfor creativity and originality. Writers can express their unique perspectives, ideas, and insights through imaginative language and innovative approaches.8. Revision and Editing: Effective English compositions undergo multiple rounds of revision and editing to refine ideas, improve clarity, and eliminate errors. Writers pay attention to details such as spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure to ensure polished final drafts.By incorporating these key characteristics, writers can produce English compositions that are engaging, persuasive, and effectively communicate their intended messages to readers.。

Good habits are the cornerstone of success in any endeavor,and mastering English is no exception.Here are some excellent habits that have contributed to my proficiency in English composition:1.Regular Reading:I make it a habit to read English books,articles,and essays regularly. This not only improves my vocabulary but also helps me understand different writing styles and structures.2.Daily Writing Practice:I practice writing in English every day.Whether its journaling, drafting essays,or composing short stories,consistent practice helps to refine my writing skills.3.Expanding Vocabulary:I actively work on expanding my vocabulary.I keep a list of new words I encounter and make an effort to use them in my writing to better understand their meanings and contexts.4.Grammar Study:Understanding grammar is crucial for writing coherent and correct sentences.I regularly review grammar rules and apply them in my writing to avoid common mistakes.5.Peer Review:I exchange my compositions with peers for feedback.This collaborative approach helps me to see my writing from a different perspective and learn from others strengths.6.Editing and Revising:I am meticulous about editing and revising my work.I understand that the first draft is rarely perfect,and its through multiple revisions that I can polish my writing.7.Learning from Mistakes:Instead of being disheartened by errors,I learn from them. Each mistake is an opportunity for growth and improvement.ing Technology:I utilize language learning apps and online resources to enhance my English skills.These tools often provide interactive ways to practice and reinforce what Ive learned.9.Imitating Writers:I study the works of great writers and try to imitate their style in my own writing.This helps me to understand the nuances of effective writing.10.Setting Goals:I set specific and achievable goals for my English writing practice. Whether its writing a certain number of words each day or completing a draft within a settimeframe,goals keep me motivated.11.Engaging with Native Speakers:Whenever possible,I engage in conversations with native English speakers.This helps me to understand the natural flow of the language and pick up idiomatic expressions.12.Cultivating Curiosity:I maintain a curious mindset towards the English language.I explore its history,variations,and cultural aspects,which enriches my understanding and appreciation of the language.By integrating these habits into my daily routine,I have seen significant improvement in my English composition skills.They have not only helped me to write more effectively but also to think more critically and express myself more eloquently in English.。

When it comes to writing an excellent English composition,here are some valuable suggestions that you can consider:1.Understand the Prompt:Before you start writing,make sure you fully understand what the essay prompt is asking for.This will help you stay focused and ontopic.2.Plan Your Composition:Spend some time brainstorming and outlining your main ideas. This will help you organize your thoughts and create a coherent structure for your essay.e a Clear Thesis Statement:Your introduction should include a clear thesis statement that sets the tone for the rest of your essay.This statement should be concise and specific.4.Develop Paragraphs with Unity:Each paragraph should focus on one main idea that supports your e topic sentences to introduce each paragraph and ensure that the ideas flow logically from one to the next.5.Include Supporting Evidence:Use examples,facts,and quotes to back up your arguments.Make sure to cite your sources properly if you are using information from other authors.6.Vary Your Sentence Structure:To make your writing more engaging,use a mix of simple,compound,and complex sentences.This will help to keep the reader interested.e Appropriate Vocabulary:Choose words that are precise and appropriate for the context.Avoid using slang or overly complex words that might confuse the reader.8.Edit for Grammar and Spelling:Before submitting your essay,proofread it carefully to correct any grammatical errors or spelling mistakes.This will help to ensure that your writing is polished and professional.9.Revise for Clarity and Coherence:After your initial draft,go through your essay again to check for clarity and coherence.Make sure that your ideas are presented in a logical order and that your sentences are clear and easy to understand.10.Get Feedback:If possible,have someone else read your essay to provide feedback.A fresh pair of eyes can often spot errors or areas for improvement that you might have missed.11.Practice Regularly:The more you write,the better you will become.Practice writingessays on a variety of topics to improve your skills and build confidence in your writing abilities.12.Read Widely:Reading a variety of texts in English can help you understand different writing styles and improve your own writing.Pay attention to how authors structure their essays and how they use language effectively.By following these suggestions,you can improve the quality of your English compositions and develop your writing skills over time.。

如何分析一篇优秀的英语作文范文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1How to Analyze an Excellent English Essay SampleAs an English student, one of the best ways to improve your writing skills is by studying and analyzing excellent essay samples. These model essays serve as a guide, providing insights into proper structure, language usage, and effective argumentation. In this essay, I will share my approach to analyzing an outstanding English essay sample, breaking down the process into several key steps.Step 1: Understand the Prompt and Essay TypeBefore diving into the analysis, it's crucial to comprehend the essay prompt or question that the sample is addressing. Different essay types, such as argumentative, expository, or narrative, have distinct structures and requirements. Identifying the essay type will help you understand the writer's approach and the expectations for that specific genre.Step 2: Examine the IntroductionThe introduction is the gateway to the essay, and awell-crafted one can captivate the reader's attention and provide a clear roadmap for the rest of the piece. When analyzing the introduction, look for the following elements:Attention-grabbing hook: An effective hook, such as a thought-provoking quote, a striking statistic, or an intriguing anecdote, can immediately engage the reader.Background information: The introduction should provide enough context and background information to familiarize the reader with the topic without overwhelming them with excessive details.Thesis statement: The thesis statement is the backbone of the essay, clearly stating the main argument or purpose. It should be concise, specific, and debatable (for argumentative essays).Step 3: Analyze the Body ParagraphsThe body paragraphs are where the writer develops and supports their argument or central idea. When examining the body paragraphs, consider the following aspects:Topic sentences: Each body paragraph should begin with a clear topic sentence that introduces the main idea of that paragraph and ties it back to the thesis statement.Evidence and examples: Strong body paragraphs provide relevant and compelling evidence, such as facts, statistics, expert opinions, or real-life examples, to support the claims made in the topic sentence.Analysis and explanation: In addition to presenting evidence, the writer should analyze and explain how the evidence supports their argument, establishing clear connections between the evidence and the main point.Transitions and flow: Well-written essays use transitional phrases and logical flow to guide the reader smoothly from one idea to the next, ensuring coherence and clarity throughout the body paragraphs.Step 4: Evaluate the ConclusionThe conclusion is the final impression the reader will have of the essay, so it's essential to analyze its effectiveness. A strong conclusion should:Restate the thesis: The writer should reaffirm the main argument or central idea without simply repeating the thesis statement verbatim.Summarize key points: The conclusion should succinctly summarize the main points or arguments presented in the body paragraphs.Leave a lasting impact: The conclusion should provide a sense of closure and leave the reader with a memorable final thought, such as a call to action, a thought-provoking question, or a powerful statement that reinforces the essay's main message.Step 5: Assess Language and StyleWhile content and structure are crucial, an excellent essay also exhibits a mastery of language and style. When analyzing the language and style, consider the following elements:Word choice: The writer should use precise and vivid vocabulary that effectively conveys their intended meaning and enhances the overall impact of the essay.Tone and voice: The tone and voice should be consistent with the essay's purpose and intended audience, whether it's formal, informal, persuasive, or informative.Sentence structure: Effective essays employ a variety of sentence structures, including simple, compound, and complex sentences, to create a natural flow and maintain the reader's interest.Grammar and mechanics: Proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation are essential for clear and effective communication. The essay should be free of errors that could distract or confuse the reader.Step 6: Reflect and Apply Lessons LearnedAfter thoroughly analyzing the excellent essay sample, take the time to reflect on the lessons learned and consider how you can apply them to your own writing. Ask yourself:What strengths or techniques did the writer employ that you can incorporate into your essays?Were there any areas where the essay could have been improved, and how can you avoid similar weaknesses in your writing?How can you adapt the effective strategies from the sample to suit your own writing style and the specific requirements of your assignments?By carefully studying and analyzing outstanding English essay samples, you can gain valuable insights into the art of effective writing. This process will not only deepen your understanding of essay structure, argumentation, and language usage but also inspire you to elevate your own writing skills, enabling you to craft compelling and impactful essays.篇2How to Analyze an Exemplary English EssayAs an English student, one of the most valuable skills we can develop is the ability to critically analyze exemplary pieces of writing. By closely examining the elements that make an essay stand out, we can not only deepen our understanding of effective writing techniques but also gain insights that can elevate our own compositions. In this essay, I will share my approach to analyzing an exemplary English essay, covering aspects such as structure, language use, argumentation, and stylistic elements.Structure: The Foundation of a Well-Organized EssayThe structure of an essay is like the skeletal framework that holds everything together. An exemplary essay typically follows a clear and logical structure, with an engaging introduction thatcaptures the reader's attention, a well-developed body that presents the main arguments and supporting evidence, and a compelling conclusion that leaves a lasting impression.When analyzing the structure, I pay close attention to the essay's organization and the transitions between paragraphs and ideas. A well-structured essay should have a natural flow, guiding the reader seamlessly from one point to the next. I also examine the thesis statement, which should be concise, focused, and reflective of the essay's central argument or purpose.Language Use: The Power of Effective CommunicationLanguage is the medium through which ideas are conveyed, and an exemplary essay showcases a mastery of language use. When analyzing an essay's language, I focus on several key elements:Vocabulary: An exemplary essay often employs a rich and diverse vocabulary, demonstrating the writer's command of the English language. I pay attention to the precision and appropriateness of word choices, as well as the use of figurative language and rhetorical devices that enhance the essay's impact.Sentence Structure: The way sentences are constructed can greatly influence the flow and readability of an essay. I examinethe variety of sentence structures employed, looking for a balance between simple and complex sentences, as well as the effective use of parallelism and other stylistic techniques.Tone and Voice: An exemplary essay should have a consistent and appropriate tone that aligns with its purpose and audience. I analyze the writer's voice, considering factors such as formality, objectivity, and the ability to engage the reader.Argumentation: The Art of PersuasionAt the heart of an exemplary essay lies a strong andwell-supported argument. When analyzing the argumentation, I focus on several key aspects:Thesis Statement: The thesis statement should be clear, concise, and reflective of the essay's central argument. I evaluate whether the thesis is effectively supported throughout the essay and whether it addresses the prompt or topic in a compelling manner.Evidence and Examples: Supporting arguments with relevant and credible evidence is crucial in an exemplary essay. I examine the types of evidence used, such as facts, statistics, expert opinions, and examples, and assess their relevance, accuracy, and effectiveness in supporting the main arguments.Counterarguments and Rebuttals: An exemplary essay often anticipates and addresses potential counterarguments, demonstrating the writer's ability to think critically and engage in nuanced reasoning. I analyze how effectively counterarguments are presented and rebutted, contributing to the overall persuasiveness of the essay.Stylistic Elements: The Artistic TouchWhile structure, language use, and argumentation form the foundation of an exemplary essay, stylistic elements can elevate it to a truly outstanding piece of writing. When analyzing stylistic elements, I consider:Rhetorical Devices: The effective use of rhetorical devices such as metaphors, similes, analogies, and rhetorical questions can enhance the essay's impact and engage the reader. I examine how these devices are employed and their effectiveness in supporting the essay's overall message.Imagery and Description: Vivid imagery and descriptive language can transport the reader into the essay's world, making the writing more engaging and memorable. I analyze the use of sensory details and descriptive techniques that contribute to the essay's vividness and appeal.Tone and Voice: As mentioned earlier, the tone and voice of an essay can greatly influence its impact on the reader. I assess the consistency and appropriateness of the tone, as well as the writer's ability to establish a unique and compelling voice throughout the essay.ConclusionAnalyzing an exemplary English essay is a multifaceted process that requires a critical eye and a deep understanding of effective writing techniques. By examining the structure, language use, argumentation, and stylistic elements, we can gain valuable insights into what makes a piece of writing truly exceptional. As students, developing this analytical skill will not only deepen our appreciation for exemplary writing but also contribute to our growth as writers, equipping us with the tools to craft our own compelling and impactful compositions.篇3How to Analyze an Outstanding English Essay SampleAs an English student, it's crucial to learn from the best examples out there. Analyzing excellent essay samples can provide invaluable insights into effective writing techniques, structure, and language use. However, simply reading throughthese exemplary pieces is not enough; you need to approach them with a critical eye and an analytical mindset. In this essay, I'll share my tried-and-true approach to dissecting outstanding English essays, which has helped me improve my own writing skills tremendously.Understand the Prompt and PurposeBefore diving into the analysis, it's essential to comprehend the prompt or assignment that the essay is addressing. What was the writer asked to do? Was it a persuasive essay, a narrative, or an analytical piece? Understanding the purpose and requirements of the essay will help you identify the strategies and techniques the writer employed to meet those expectations.Examine the StructureA well-crafted essay follows a logical and coherent structure, guiding the reader smoothly from the introduction to the conclusion. When analyzing an excellent sample, pay close attention to the organizational patterns employed by the writer.Introduction: How does the writer capture the reader's attention and provide a clear thesis statement or central argument?Body Paragraphs: How are the supporting ideas and evidence presented? Is there a clear topic sentence for each paragraph, followed by relevant details and examples?Transitions: How does the writer smoothly transition between ideas and paragraphs, maintaining a logical flow?Conclusion: Does the conclusion effectively summarize the main points and reinforce the thesis without introducing new information?Analyze the Language and StyleLanguage and style play a crucial role in effective writing. When examining an excellent essay sample, pay close attention to the writer's choice of words, tone, and stylistic devices.Vocabulary: Does the writer use a rich and varied vocabulary appropriate for the subject matter and intended audience? Are there any particularly vivid or memorable word choices?Tone: What is the overall tone of the essay? Does it remain consistent throughout, or does it shift appropriately with the content?Stylistic Devices: Identify any effective use of figurative language, such as metaphors, similes, or analogies. Also, look forrhetorical devices like repetition, parallel structure, or rhetorical questions.Evaluate the Evidence and SupportIn persuasive or analytical essays, the strength of the argument lies in the quality and relevance of the evidence and supporting details provided. When analyzing an excellent sample, critically assess the following aspects:Sources: Are the sources cited credible, reliable, andup-to-date? Does the writer effectively integrate and synthesize information from multiple sources?Examples and Illustrations: Do the examples and illustrations effectively support and clarify the writer's points? Are they relevant, specific, and well-explained?Counterarguments: In a persuasive essay, does the writer acknowledge and refute opposing viewpoints effectively?Consider the Overall ImpactFinally, step back and reflect on the overall impact and effectiveness of the essay. Ask yourself:Did the writer achieve the intended purpose and effectively convey their message or argument?Was the essay engaging, thought-provoking, and memorable?Did the writer demonstrate a strong command of the English language and a mastery of the specific writing genre or style?Remember, analyzing excellent essay samples is an ongoing process. As you continue to study and practice, your ability to identify and appreciate outstanding writing will improve. Don't be afraid to read the same sample multiple times, taking notes and reflecting on the writer's choices and techniques.By following this analytical approach, you'll not only gain a deeper understanding of what constitutes exceptional writing, but you'll also develop the skills and insights necessary to elevate your own English essays to new heights.。

英语单元自我反思作文Title: Reflective Essay on English Unit。

Reflecting on my English unit journey, I find myself immersed in a whirlwind of language exploration and self-discovery. From dissecting literary works to honing language skills, each lesson has been a stepping stone towards linguistic proficiency and personal growth.At the onset of the unit, I embarked on a journey to broaden my vocabulary and enhance my language proficiency. The initial stages were marked by grappling with unfamiliar words and syntactic structures. However, through consistent practice and dedication, I gradually assimilated new vocabulary and refined my grammatical understanding. Engaging in various activities, such as vocabulary drills, grammar exercises, and language games, proved instrumental in reinforcing my learning and solidifying foundational concepts.As the unit progressed, I delved into the realms of literature, delving into the rich tapestry of literaryworks spanning different genres and epochs. Analyzing texts ranging from classic novels to contemporary short stories provided me with insights into diverse narrative techniques, thematic elements, and character developments. Through in-depth discussions and analytical essays, I not only enhanced my critical thinking abilities but also cultivated a deeper appreciation for the nuances of language and storytelling.One of the most rewarding aspects of the English unit was the opportunity to engage in creative writing. Crafting narratives, poems, and reflective essays enabled me to unleash my imagination and express myself through thewritten word. Whether it was constructing vivid imagery, exploring complex emotions, or crafting compelling storylines, each writing task encouraged me to push the boundaries of creativity and experimentation. Moreover, receiving constructive feedback from peers and instructors allowed me to refine my writing style and polish my compositions further.Beyond the academic rigors, the English unit fostered a sense of community and collaboration among classmates. Participating in group discussions, peer reviews, and collaborative projects fostered a supportive learning environment where ideas were exchanged, and perspectives were enriched. Through active participation in classroom activities and group projects, I not only strengthened my communication skills but also developed invaluable teamwork and leadership abilities.Moreover, the English unit served as a catalyst for introspection and self-discovery. Engaging with literary works that explored themes of identity, society, and human experience prompted me to reflect on my own beliefs, values, and aspirations. Through introspective journaling and reflective essays, I embarked on a journey of self-exploration, gaining insights into my strengths, weaknesses, and areas for personal growth. Moreover, grappling with complex themes and moral dilemmas presented in literature challenged me to broaden my worldview and cultivate empathy towards diverse perspectives.In conclusion, the English unit has been a transformative journey filled with intellectual challenges, creative exploration, and personal revelations. From expanding my language skills to delving into the depths of literature, each facet of the unit has contributed to my growth as a student and an individual. As I look back on this journey, I am grateful for the invaluable lessons learned and the experiences shared, all of which have left an indelible mark on my academic and personal journey.。

10小时学英语的技巧和方法10-Hour English Learning Strategy: Tips and Techniques for Rapid Progress.Embarking on a 10-hour English learning journey can be an intense but rewarding experience. Whether you're preparing for a trip, an exam, or simply want to brush up on your language skills, making the most of your time is crucial. Here are some tips and techniques to help you maximize your learning potential in a short period.1. Set Clear and Achievable Goals.Begin by defining what you want to achieve in these 10 hours. Is it improving your conversational skills? Mastering basic grammar? Or perhaps learning a set of vocabulary related to a specific topic? Define your goals and break them down into smaller, manageable tasks.2. Intensive Immersion.Immersing yourself in the language is key. Use this time to watch English movies or TV shows, listen to English music, or even try reading an English book or newspaper. This will help you familiarize yourself with the language and its nuances.3. Focus on Vocabulary and Grammar.Dedicate some time to learning new vocabulary and brushing up on grammar rules. Use flashcards, mobile apps, or online resources to quickly learn new words and their meanings. For grammar, focus on the basics and practice by writing short sentences or paragraphs.4. Practice Speaking.Speaking is a crucial part of language learning. Try to find opportunities to speak English, even if it's just to yourself. Record yourself speaking and listen back to identify areas for improvement. You can also practice with a language exchange partner or use online platforms likeiTalki or HelloTalk to connect with native speakers.5. Utilize Technology.Technology can be a great tool for language learning. Use apps like Duolingo, Babbel, or Rosetta Stone to supplement your learning. These apps often provide interactive lessons and practice activities that can help reinforce your learning.6. Create a Study Schedule.Structure your 10 hours into manageable study sessions. For example, you could allocate 2 hours for vocabulary learning, 3 hours for immersion activities, 2 hours for speaking practice, and the remaining 3 hours for grammar and writing practice.7. Take Breaks.Remember, quality over quantity is key. Take regular breaks to prevent burnout and maintain your focus. Shortbreaks every hour or so can help refresh your mind and keep you engaged.8. Reflect and Adjust.As you progress, take time to reflect on your progress and identify areas where you need to focus more. Adjust your study plan accordingly to ensure you're making the most of your time.9. Stay Motivated.Motivation is crucial in any learning endeavor. Set small rewards for yourself when you achieve your milestones to stay motivated and inspired. Remind yourself of whyyou're learning English and how it will benefit you in the long run.10. Maintain Consistency.Even though you're focusing on a short-term learning plan, consistency is still key. Commit to your studyschedule and make sure you're dedicating the necessary time and effort to achieve your goals.In conclusion, making the most of your 10-hour English learning journey requires a combination of strategy, focus, and dedication. By setting clear goals, immersing yourself in the language, practicing speaking, utilizing technology, creating a study schedule, taking breaks, reflecting and adjusting, staying motivated, and maintaining consistency, you can make rapid progress and achieve your language learning objectives.。

我的英语语法是个大问题英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1My English Grammar is a Big ProblemEnglish is really hard for me. I try my best, but the grammar rules just don't make sense in my head. I get mixed up all the time with the right verb tenses to use. And don't even get me started on subject-verb agreement! That's like a maze I can never find my way out of.In Chinese, my first language, the grammar is so much simpler. The sentences follow a basic structure ofsubject-verb-object. But in English, the word order gets all jumbled up depending on if it's a statement, question, command or something else. Why can't it just be straightforward? Having to move words around like that makes my brain hurt.Take verb tenses for example. Why are there so many different ones? Past, present, future, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect...it never ends! Each one has a bunch of different forms too depending on if it's singular or plural, first person orthird person. I can never keep them all straight. Half the time I'm just guessing which tense is right.Last week, we had a test on the present perfect tense. Questions like "Have you ever ridden a horse?" and "She has worked at the library for five years." Piece of cake, right? Wrong! I must have mixed up the helping verbs "has" and "have" about a million times. My teacher marked what felt like every other answer as incorrect. I ended up with a D minus on the test. A D minus! My mom was so disappointed.But can you blame me for the mix-up? English has way too many exceptions to the rules. Like why is the past tense of "go" not "goed"? It's "went." That makes no sense! Or how about when you're talking about more than one thing, you usually make the noun plural by adding "s" at the end. Seems logical. But then you get random words like "child" becoming "children," or "mouse" becoming "mice." There's no consistency!Don't even get me started on pronouns. Having to remember if I should say "he," "she," "it," "they"...ugh, no thanks. And half the time I'm not even sure what the subject is that the pronoun is replacing. Like what is the "it" referring to in that sentence? Is it a person, a thing, an idea? Who knows!?Probably the area I struggle most though is subject-verb agreement. Making the verb change depending on if the subject is singular or plural. It feels like someone just made up this rule to confuse us. Why can't verbs just stay the same no matter what?Like in the sentence, "They speak English very well." Okay, simple enough. They = plural subject, speak = plural verb. But then you get something like, "Either my friends or my brother speaks English well." Wait, how is that possible? Isn't it supposed to be "speak" since we're talking about multiple people? See, it makes no sense!My parents keep telling me that English will get easier with more practice. But it's been four years of learning it at school, and I still can't seem to figure it out. Maybe I'm just not wired for English. Some brains are meant for it, and some aren't.My Chinese grammar is flawless. I never make mistakes with that. The rules just click because they're so logical and straightforward. But these crazy English grammar concepts Your guess is as good as mine.I try so hard, I really do. I study the rules and do all my homework diligently. But then I get flustered on tests andeverything flies out of my head. Or I'll speak without thinking and use improper grammar. Bad habits are so hard to break.Take last Christmas for example. My aunt got me a watch, and I excitedly told her, "Thank you so much! This will be very use!" She politely corrected me, "You mean 'useful,' not 'use.'" Ugh, there I went messing up my adjectives again! I hung my head in embarrassment. When will I learn?My parents have hired an English tutor to help me. She goes through practice exercises and tries all these fun memory tricks. But honestly, most of it goes in one ear and out the other. The rules make so little innate sense to me.Let me give you another example of my struggles from last week. We were learning about relative pronouns like "who," "which," "that," etc. My teacher put a sentence on the board:"I like dogs that are friendly."Then she asked us to substitute the relative pronoun "that" with "which.""I like dogs which are friendly."So far, so good. I was following along. But then she changed "dogs" to a plural:"I like cats which are friendly."Wait...shouldn't it be "I like cats THAT are friendly?" Because you use "which" for things and "that" for people and animals? At least, I thought that was the rule!I raised my hand and asked for clarification. But then my teacher started going on about some exceptions where you actually can use "which" for people and animals in some cases. By the end of her long-winded explanation, I was more confused than ever!That's how I feel a lot in English class lately - like I'm slowly but surely drowning in a sea of contradictory rules and endless exceptions. I'll finally think I understand something, then my teacher will introduce a curveball exception that torpedoes everything I thought I knew.It doesn't help that textbooks seem to have different rules too. I'll learn one thing at school, but then my homework from the textbook will follow some alternative rule. Which one am I supposed to follow?I have a hard time even proofreading and finding my own mistakes now. Like I can stare at a sentence for ages, convinced it's grammatically correct, only to have my tutor point out two orthree glaring errors I missed completely. How does that even happen?At this point, I've pretty much resigned myself to never mastering English grammar. I'll just try my best to pass my tests and get good enough grades. But having perfect grammar? Maybe I'll be the first Chinese person on Mars before that ever happens!I really admire people who can effortlessly navigate all the complexities of English grammar. It must be like breathing air for them. Meanwhile for me, it's like I'm swimming upstream,dog-paddling as hard as I can while the current keeps trying to pull me back.I won't give up completely though. English is too important in our globalized world. I'll still study hard and continue working at it. But I don't think I'll ever reach true mastery and have it become natural like my Chinese grammar. It will always feel like swimming against the tide, struggling to keep my head above water.I guess that's just my cross to bear as a non-native English speaker. The easy grammar waters of my mother tongue, contrasted with the stormy seas and potential for chaos that is English grammar. I'll keep on doggy-paddling for now. And whoknows, maybe one day the rules will finally start clicking for me. But I'm definitely not holding my breath!篇2My Big Problem with English GrammarEnglish is hard! I really struggle with the grammar rules and it makes learning English super difficult for me. I just get so confused by all the little details you have to remember. Why can't English be more like Chinese where you don't have to worry about changing word endings and keeping all the subjects and verbs agreeing? English grammar is my biggest obstacle to becoming fluent.Let me give you some examples of what trips me up constantly. One of the things I have the hardest time with is using the right verb tenses. When do you use "walked" versus "was walking"? And what about "will walk" or "will be walking" - there are just so many options! I can never keep them all straight in my head.Then you have those annoying little words like "a", "an", and "the" that you have to get right or it sounds wrong. I mix those up all the time. "A apple", "an banana" - see, it's already tripping me up just writing about it! Getting those right seems to dependon whether the next word starts with a vowel sound or not, which makes no sense to me. How am I supposed to remember all those rules?Don't even get me started on plurals. I constantly forget to add "s" to make words plural, or I'll add "s" when I shouldn't. And then there are the irregular ones that change in weird ways, like "children" instead of "childs". What's the logic behind that? It's just one more thing to memorize rather than following a consistent pattern.Probably the grammar concept that confuses me the most though is subject-verb agreement. When to use "is" versus "are" makes my head spin. Like, "He is" versus "They are" - okay, I have that part down. But then why is it "The dogs ARE..." and not "The dogs IS..."? It feels so random!And let's not forget about pronoun cases - "I" versus "me", "he" versus "him", and all their other forms like "her", "she", "it", and "they". Keeping those straight is a constant battle, especially when you start combining them, like "Give it to John and me." See, I probably just got that one wrong!I feel like every time I try speaking or writing in English, my grammar is just a total mess. I'll mix up my verb tenses, forget an article here or there, use the wrong plural form, not make thesubject and verb agree, and misuse my pronouns - all in the same sentence! It's so frustrating trying to juggle all those complicated rules at once in my head.My grammar mistakes make it really hard for others to understand what I'm trying to say sometimes. Like the other day, I told my teacher "I keen on went to the park yesterday" because I got confused about how to talk about the past. She looked at me like I was speaking another language!Or I'll write something like "We seen the new movies with they friends on Fridays" because I can't keep all the different verbs, subjects, and pronouns matched up properly. Then my teacher has to spend time correcting all my little grammar errors rather than focusing on the actual content of what I wrote. It's embarrassing having to and make that many corrections at my age.My parents are always telling me that immersing myself more in English will help the rules sink in naturally over time. But it's kind of a catch-22 because my poor grammar makes it intimidating to practice speaking up or writing much. I'm afraid of sounding like a little kid who doesn't know how to use English properly.That's why grammar is seriously holding me back from progressing in English as quickly as I'd like. I just can't seem to get a solid grasp on applying all those picky rules consistently. Until I overcome that grammar hurdle, I'm going to keep making avoidable mistakes that make my English sound broken.I keep trying to find fun ways to practice and improve my English grammar though. Like my parents got me some grammar games and workbooks that make it more interactive. And I've started watching shows and reading books that are a little above my level to expose myself to more complex English usage. My teachers have been pretty cool about gently correcting me and explaining the grammar rules I'm messing up too.I'm never going to stop working on my English grammar though because I know how important it is. I can learn all the vocabulary words I want, but if I can't put sentences together properly with the right grammar, then it won't matter - I still won't be able to communicate clearly. Polishing up my grammar has to be my top priority.Maybe English grammar will start clicking for me soon and all those little nitpicky rules will finally make sense. Or maybe I'm just going to have to accept that grammar is my personalkryptonite and I'll always be a bit shaky in that area of English, no matter how hard I try. Either way, I can't let it discourage me from keeping up my English studies.I may make grammar mistakes left and right, but I'm determined to keep practicing English as much as possible. Sure, I might say something silly like "I bringed my lunch today" because I got confused about irregular verbs again. But hopefully people will understand what I mean and just politely correct me so I can learn. Mastering English grammar is too important for me to let it keep me from trying my best to communicate in English.I might not be able to speak or write with perfect grammar yet, but I'm okay with that. English in general is already helping me connect with so many more people from around the world. And being bilingual is only going to open up more opportunities for me in the future, even if I continue struggling with the grammar side of things. I may never achieve 100% grammar perfection, but I will get pretty darn close through perseverance and lots of practice. For now though, cutting me some slack on the grammar mistakes would be appreciated!篇3My Big English Grammar ProblemEnglish is a really tough language to learn, especially the grammar part. I'm just a kid, but I've been trying my best to get better at English grammar because it's so important. But man, it has been quite a struggle!The first thing that drives me nuts about English grammar are all the different tenses. In my language, we just have a couple simple tenses - but English has present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and all these other tenses that make my head spin. When do you use present perfect versus simple past? Why do you have to add "has" before some verbs but not others? It's all very confusing.And don't even get me started on subject-verb agreement! I can never remember if I should say "I am" or "I is." Is it "They goes" or "They go"? It changes depending on whether the subject is singular or plural, but I can never keep it straight. Half the time, I just take a guess and get it wrong.Speaking of getting it wrong, another problem I have is using the right prepositions. English has so many prepositions like in, on, at, by, and more. Sometimes they seem totally random to me which one you're supposed to use. I'll say "I'm sitting onthe table" and my teacher corrects me to say "I'm sitting at the table." How am I supposed to know that?!Then there are all those annoying grammar rules that don't really make sense. Like you can say "I have a dog" but not "I have hunger." Or why do you say "I ate an apple" but "I ate some crackers"? Apparently "apple" is a countable noun and "crackers" is a non-countable noun, but to me they're both just food items! Rules like that seem completely arbitrary.And let's not forget about articles - a, an, and the. In my native language, we don't even have articles at all. So I'm constantly forgetting whether to include "a" or "the" or what in English sentences. My English teacher is always circling those little words that I missed.Don't even get me started on trying to learn phrasal verbs in English. You know, like "put up with," "look forward to," and "make up." Who decided that those verbs needed extra words stuck onto the end to change the meaning? It's just cruel and unusual punishment if you ask me.Then you've got words in English that are spelled the same but mean completely different things, like "wind" the air movement and "wind" turning the clock ahead. How's a kidsupposed to keep that straight? I'll use the wrong "wind" in a sentence and people just give me weird looks.Maybe the most maddening part of English grammar is the rule exceptions. Just when you think you finally understand a rule, the teacher says "Except for these words over here, which are exceptions and do something totally different." For example, why is the plural of "child" not "childs"? Who decided that the plural should be the strange, irregular "children"? The exceptions never make any sense!At this point, I've just accepted that I'm probably always going to make English grammar mistakes, no matter how hard I try. I'll be an adult someday still mixing up tenses and prepositions. My essays and emails will be filled with incorrect verbs and nouns. Any time I speak English, people will just have to excuse my poor grammar.Maybe I could get one of those editing software programs to catch my grammar errors before other people see them. Or maybe I'll get lucky and become fabulously wealthy, so I can hire someone to follow me around and correct my grammar in real time. "No sir, you can't say 'I gots' money, you need to say 'I have money.'" A personal grammar police!In all seriousness though, I'm going to keep working hard at English grammar because it's an important skill. I'll study the rules, do my homework, and listen carefully to my teacher. Maybe it will start to click someday. English speakers have been doing this crazy grammar thing for centuries, so I suppose it's possible for me to get the hang of it eventually too.Until then, I'll try not to get too frustrated. Making mistakes is just part of the process when you're learning. My grammar might be really bad now, but it will improve little by little over time. And hey, at least I'm not also trying to learn English spelling on top of the grammar - now THAT would be pure insanity! English grammar is MORE than enough to keep me occupied.So to all my fellow English language learners out there who are fed up with grammar, I feel your pain! Just keep studying, keep practicing, and keep a good attitude. We're all in this confusing grammar struggle together. Who knows, maybe someday we'll be the grammar experts, laughing at the next generation of kids who are trying to figure it all out. But I'm definitely not holding my breath on that one!。