华慧上海交通大学考博英语完型填空题型介绍

考博英语-完型填空(一)(总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The feared tomahawk was a war axe (1) by Native Americans. A Native American would make one by honing a piece of stone so that (2) had one or two sharp edges, and (3) attaching it to a wooden handle. The young men would spend many hours practicing to become expert (4) the tomahawk's use. It became an excellent weapon. This was especially true when used by a brave (5) .To make a tomahawk, the Native American first had to find a (6) that was the proper shape and weight. Then it had to be attached to a (7) . One way to do this was to bore or burn a hole (8) a wooden stick, then push the stone through it and tie the stone and wood (9) with strips of hide. Another way was to split the wood, force the stone (10) the sides of the split, and finally tie the divided ends of the stick together.The tomahawk could be used for chopping twigs and other rough cutting jobs. However its primary purpose was as a (11) . Normally, the warrior wielded his tomahawk in hand-to-hand combat, swinging it at his enemies in hopes of stunning them, (12) cutting them. On rare occasions it was (13) . But unless the tomahawk was perfectly balanced, tossing it was an extremely poor method of hitting a target.The type of stone use determined how (14) it was. But even with the best of stones, it would (15) be as keen as a steel ax. Soon (16) the Europeans settled in North America, the stone-and-wood tomahawk was replaced by steel hatchets. These were manufactured in Europe for the settlers, (17) for trade with the Native Americans.Some tribes had the (18) of burying their tomahawks in the ground whenever a peace had been declared with their enemies. Presumably, it was this custom (19) gave rise (20) the phrase " to bury the hatchet".（分数：10.00）(1).A. to use B. usedC. usingD. use（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. it B. theyC. whichD. you（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. so B. asC. thenD. after（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. on B. byC. withD. in（分数：0.50）A.C.D.(5).A. warrior B. fighterC. soldierD. air（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. wood B. stoneC. steelD. iron（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. handle B. wheelC. wireD. hook（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. in B. onC. atD. through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. again B. andC. togetherD. so（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. between B. toC. byD. through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. tool B. weaponC. medicineD. harness（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. more thanB. less thanC. rather thanD. much than（分数：0.50）B.C.D.(13).A. sole B. boughtC. stolenD. thrown（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. valuable B. heavyC. sharpD. accurate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. possible B. neverC. certainlyD. often（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. before B. thenC. afterD. until（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. of courseB. ideallyC. reallyD. specifically（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. custom B. wayC. advantageD. goodness（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. which B. thatC. itD. what（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. at B. aboutC. toD. into（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Fencing, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was a method for (1) disputes in which opponents dueled to the death. Today, fortunately, it is a sport (2) opponents use dueling swords that have the points covered. This is done to prevent (3) . The fencers also wear face masks, padded jackets, and gloves for (4) .The foil, the saber, and the épée are all used in modem fencing. These (5) are all quite different. The foil has a flexible, four-sided (6) and a circular guard to protect the hand. The saber has a flat, thin blade and a hand (7) that curves around the knuckles. The épée has a rigid, three sided blade and a large circular hand guard.The (8) of this sport is to touch an opponent with your dueling sword without being touched (9) .A point is given for each touch. In many championship meets, an electrical device is used to record(10) . Men as well as women are allowed to enter the competition. It is (11) to both. However they do not compete against each other. Scoring is different for (12) . Five points are needed to win a men's bout in foil; three in épée. Four points are needed to win a (13) bout.The rules for contests using the foil, saber, and épée are basically the (14) .However there are (15) differences. With the foil, points can be scored only when the opponent's torso is touched with the covered tip of the foil. With the saber, points are (16) when any part of the opponent's body except the legs is touched by (17) the tip or edges of the blade. In épée duels, points are scored when any part of the opponent's body is touched with the blade tip. Fencing is a sport that requires grace and skill. The basic movements of attack (the thrust) and (18) (blocking the thrust) both demand muscular coordination of hand, foot, and body, as well as the thorough knowledge of techniques and tactics. Agility and quick thinking are equally important. (19) is not required. Therefore, both the young and the old, (20) of whom may be very strong, can enjoy this sport.（分数：10.00）(1).A. settling B. enforcingC. enjoyingD. discussing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. which B. thatC. in whichD. it（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. theft B. injuryC. hungerD. disease（分数：0.50）A.B.C.(4).A. protest B. deathC. birthD. protection（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. weapons B. masksC. jacketsD. groves（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. shirt B. bladeC. helmetD. shoe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. socks B. faceC. guardD. hair（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. object B. subjectC. disputeD. theme（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. in shortB. in summaryC. in briefD. in return（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. smells B. touchesC. tastesD. interests（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. closed B. lostC. openD. passed（分数：0.50）A.B.D.(12).A. all B. everyC. neitherD. each（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. women's B. men'sC. children'sD. youth's（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. different B. sameC. likeD. as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. costly B. majorC. slightD. numerous（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. handed B. preventedC. touchedD. scored（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. either B. neitherC. otherwiseD. nor（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. offence B. defenseC. arrestD. attack（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. Travel B. MoneyC. StrengthD. Identification（分数：0.50）A.B.C.(20).A. both B. allC. someD. neither（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.三、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The gnu, or wildebeest as it is sometimes called, is a horse like animal that lives in southern Africa. It is a (1) animal. Weighing 300 to 475 pounds, the gnu is equipped (2) high, large shoulders and a thick neck. Its big head has long horns that curve upward (3) buffalo horns. Clumps of stiff hair grow on the gnu's forehead, neck, and shoulders, (4) on its long, horse like tail. Gnus are often (5) "horned horses" by the people of Africa. They live in herds the (6) horses do, and they can be just as playful as any colt. But gnus can gallop as (7) as fifty miles an hour. Thus they can easily (8) any horse. They are also more dangerous fighters than horses (9) they are very good at butting their enemies with their sharp hours.There are two (10) of gnus. One is known as the white-tailed gnu. This kind has become (11) extinct. That is, only a few are still to be (12) in the wild. The white tailed gnu stands about three and a half feet (13) at the shoulders and has a fierce, hairy face. Its coat has black and white markings. Its tail is yellowish-white. The horns of a white-tailed gnu are only two feet (14) . The second type is known as the brindled gnu. It attains a height of four and a half feet (15) the shoulders. This (16) has a sad-looking face. The brindled gnu has yellowish-brown or gray hair with dark stripes (17) its shoulders and neck. Its curved hours are almost three feet long. Gnus (18) over Africa from northern Kenya to northern South Africa and Southwest Africa. They have a simple (19) . They look for leaves, twigs, and grass to eat. Since gnus are (20) to raise in captivity, you can find them in many American zoos.（分数：10.00）(1).A. timid B. tinyC. smallD. heavy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. with B. onC. byD. through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. as B. likeC. alikeD. resemble（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. as well B. in additionC. as well asD. except for（分数：0.50）A.C.D.(5).A. spoken B. affectedC. firedD. called（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. way B. sleepC. playD. song（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. slowly B. fastC. flyingD. walking（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. destroy B. rideC. outrunD. defend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. so B. thenC. whenD. because（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. types B. classesC. systemsD. topics（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. usually B. almostC. oftenD. always（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. buried B. grownC. foundD. tested（分数：0.50）A.B.D.(13).A. short B. lowC. longD. high（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. long B. tallC. broadD. narrow（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. by B. atC. withD. as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. soldier B. scientistC. animalD. clown（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. in B. soC. backD. on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. range B. spendC. neglectD. spoil（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. natureB. dietC. nameD. environment（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. hard B. playfulC. easyD. joyful（分数：0.50）A.C.D.。

上海交通大学考博英语-1(总分：75.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension{{/B}}(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.I'll have to ______ this dress a bit before the wedding next week.（分数：0.50）A.let offB.let goC.let looseD.let out √解析：[解析] D项“let out放大(衣服)”，根据空格处的意思：我得把衣服改的大点，故选D。

A项let off放 (炮)；B项let go放开，松手；C项let loose松手，释放”，均不符合题意。

2.From the time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicine' s job was simple: to struggle with ______ diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. A. immortal B. immune C lethal D. toxic（分数：0.50）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] C项“lethal致命的”，如Pot-holes can be lethal for the unwary cyclist(路上坑坑洼洼，骑车的人一不小心就有致命危险)，根据空格处的意思：与致命的疾病做斗争，故选C。

A项immortal 不朽的；B项immune免疫的；D项toxic有毒的，均不符合题意。

3.Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, ______ the postal service is less efficient.（分数：0.50）A.whereB.sinceC.thatD.whereas √解析：[解析] 四个选项的意思分别是where什么地方，在哪里，……的(地方)；since自……以后，自……以来，因为，既然；that(引导从句)；whereas然而，反之，鉴于，尽管，但是。

上海交通大学考博英语词汇试题一、根据上海交通大学华慧教育纲规定,每年词汇题共40小题，每小题0.5分，共20分。

预计测试时间（45分钟） 41. Nicoll made a few __ with his pen on the page he had just read. [ A ] signals [ B ] marks [ C ] signs [ D ] codes 42. During the summer holiday season there are no __ moms in this seaside hotel. [ A ] empty [ B ] blank [ C ] deserted [ D ] vacant 43. Does brain power as we get older.'? Scientists now have some surprising answers. [ A ] desceod [ B ] decline [ C ] deduce [ D ] collapse 44. To be an inventor, one needs profound knowledge as well as a very __ imagination. [ A ] vivid [ B ] bright [ C ] living [ D ] colorful 45. He gave a brief of the history of the university before the opening of the conference. [ A ] reference [ B ] statement [ C ] account [ D ] comment 46. The insurance company paid him $10,000 in after his accident. [ A ] installment [ B ] compensation [ C ] substitution [ D ] commission 47. People who refuse to with the law will be punished. [ A ] obey [ B ] consent [ C ] conceal [ D ] comply 48. Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except __ [ A ] ingredients [ B ] elements [ C ] components [ D ] compounds49. Hot metal as it grows cooler. [ A ] contracts [ B ] reduces [ C ] condenses [ D ] compresses 50. His tastes and habits with those of his wife. [ A ] combine [ B ] compete [ C ] coincide [ D ] compromise 51. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' __ [ A ] command [ B ] conviction [ C ] consent [ D ] compromise 52. In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, __ schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16. [ A ] compelling [ B ] forced [ C ] obliged [ D ] compulsory 53. The Wright brothers __ the design of thefirst successful motor-powered plane. [ A ] confronted[ B ] concealed [ C ] converted [ D ] conceived 54. Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to __ on math and theoretical physics. [ A ] impose [ B ] center [ C ] overwork [ D ] concentrate 55. Among the many subjects in school, mathematics is probably the most , depending least on a student's background and culture. [ A ] universal [ B ]'abstract [ C ] arbitrary [ D ] concrete 56. A good teacher must know how to his ideas. [ A ] convey [ B ] display[ C ] consult [ D ] confront 57. China Daily never loses sight of the fact that each day all of us __ a tough,challenging world. [ A ] encounter [ B ] acquaint [ C ] preside [ D ] confront 58. The largest system serving e-mail messengers is the Intemet, a I of millions of computers linked worldwide. [ A ] unity [ B ] combination [ C ] network [ D] connection 59. Every camera we sell comes with a two-year [ A ] guarantee [ B ] safety [ C ] confirmation [ D ] conservation 60. Sometimes they __ their students' poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence. [ A ] distribute [ B ] attribute [ C] contribute [ D ] consider 61. This kind of material can heat and moisture. [ A ] delete [ B ] compel [ C ] repel [ D ] constrain 62. For the past two years, Audi cars have __ Germany's Touring Car Championship. [ a ] dominated [ B ] conquered [ C ] determined [ D ] contested 63. The pollution question as well as other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in again next spring. [ A ] assembly [ B ] session [ C ] conference [ D ] convention 64. The prisoner has been of many privileges that average citizens enjoy. [ a ] ensured [ B ] informed [ C ] deprived [ D ] convinced 65. In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler __ respectable social scientists who agree with him. [ A ] recites [ B ] confirms [ C ] quotes [ D ] convinces 66.Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable __ to the total cost of the product. [ A ] proportion [ B ] correlation [ C ] connection [ D ] correspondence 67. I was I by their kindness and moved to tears. [ A ] preoccupied [ B ] embarrassed [ C ] overwhelmed [ D ] counseled 68.It's usually the case that people seldom behave in a __ way when in a furious state. [ a ] stable [ B ] rational [ C ] legal [ D ] credible 69. A friendship may be __ , casual, situational or deep and lasting. [ A ] identical [ B ] original [ C ] superficial [ D ] critical 70. Our readers are comfortable with our clear, words that inform and entertain them. [ A ] conventional [ B ] concise [ C ] creative [ D ] crucial 71. By computation, he estimatedthat the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars. [ A ] coarse [ B ] rude [ C ] rough [ D ] crude 72. Children and old people (lo not like having their daily __ upset. [ A ] habit [ B ] routine [ C ] practice [ D ] custom 73. I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were __ [ A ] hung [ B ] hung back [ C ] cat down [ D ] cat off 74. I tried very. hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat __ [ A ] disapproval [ B ] rejection [ C ] refusal [ D ] decline 75. Last year, thecrime rate in Chicago has sharply _-- [ A ] slipped [ B ] lessened [ C ] descended [ D ] declined 76. I could seethat my wife was __ having that fur coat, whether I approved of it or not. [ A ] intent on [ B ] adequate for [ C ] short of [ D ] deficient in 77. The human voice often sounds on the telephone. [ A ] twisted [ B ] irregular[ C ] distorted [ D ] deformed 78. Some people either __ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them. [ A ] violently [ B ] enthusiastically [ C ]sincerely [ D ] deliberately 79. We are __-- faced with the necessity to recognize that having more people implies a lower stand-ard of living. [ A ] readily [ B ] smoothly [ C ]inevitahly [ D ] deliberately 80. Some peoplecriticize family doctors for too many medicines for minor illnesses. [ A] prescribing [ B] ordering [ C ] advising [ D] delivering。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.案例题Feeling stressed out lately? Has the doctor said he cannot find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the （1） equipment there show that there is nothing wrong.Then consider this, you might be in a （2） of sub-health. Sub-health, also called the third state, is （3） as a borderline slate between health and disease. According to an investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 per cent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management （4） as well as students around exam-time. This may be due to their heightened （5） to stress. Symptoms include a （6） of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, agitation and （7）memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.According to some medical experts, the （8） to preventing and recovering from sub-health is to form good living habits. （9） work with rest, exercise regularly, and take part in （10） air activities will all help.As for meals, people are （11）to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and fish because they are rich in nutritious （12） , such as vitamins, which are （13） to the body.Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause （14） changes in the digestive tract. They also say that a （15） diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below, Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.position define forgetful fancy ke y balance importanceunhealthy lack subject open pl enty exposure alternateelement state require poor a dvise indispensable【答案】1. fancy 2.state 3. defined 4.position 5.exposure6. lack7. poor8. key9. alternate 10. open 11. advised 12. elements 13. indispensable 14. unhealthy 15. balanced【解析】1.根据句意可知，这里需要填入一个形容词来修饰医院的设备，据常识推断，医院的设备都是很昂贵的，fancy有昂贵的意思。

上交大考博英语阅读理解题型介绍及专项训练阅读理解的短文内容涉及社会科学（主要包括社会学、教育、人类学、心理学、经济、管理、金融等领域）、自然科学（主要包括化学、生物、交通、物理、工程、计算机、医学、农业等领域）和人文科学（主要包括哲学、历史、文学、语言、新闻、艺术等领域）。

考博英语的阅读理解题型中的文章通常选取外文杂志、外文网站中的文章，然后由各院校的命题组命题，或者选取四六级、考研、研究生学位英语考试等已考过的文章。

纵观各院校的考博英语阅读理解题型，主要涉及了四种考查方式：1）常规阅读理解题给出一篇文章，文章后面会有几个问题或者未完成的陈述，而且每个问题都会有四个选项，要求考生选择符合题意的最佳答案。

根据大纲要求，常规阅读理解主要考查主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测型、事实细节题及观点态度题。

2）阅读解答题给出一篇文章，要求考生回答题后的5个问题。

主要考查考生对文章的中心思想、重要细节的理解和提取，并用较为精炼的语言将其陈述清楚。

3）阅读选句填空题给出一篇文章，将其中一些信息除去，而且文章后面会有多于空格数量的句子或者段落，要求考生在理解中心大意的基础上，联系上下文的内容，选择合适的句子填入空白处。

4）阅读排序题给出一篇文章，分别去除部分信息，文章后会有相应的选项，要求考生通过对文章连贯性、一致性的理解，将这些选项正确的排列，这部分对阅读理解的综合能力要求比较高。

当然，有的院校会考快速阅读，难度低于常规（仔细）阅读理解题。

有的院校出阅读判断题，即通过阅读文章，判断文章后所给出的陈述是否正确。

阅读理解题型中，常规阅读理解是必考的，其他题型是根据各院校的具体情况变动。

总之，阅读理解题型是考博英语题型中占分比例最大的，考生应该予以更多的重视，找准复习方向，多熟练阅读理解中各类题型的解题技巧。

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上海交通大学考博英语真题及答案Part II vocabularysection A31.There was no_____but to close the road until February.A.dilemmaB.denyingC.alternativeD.doubt32.I______when I heard that my grandfather had died.A.fell apartB.fell awayC.fell outD.fall back33.I’m_____passing a new law that helps poor children get better medicine.A.taking advantage ofB.standing up forC.looking up toD.taking hold of34.In front of the platform,the students were talking with the professor over the quizzes oftheir_____subjects.pulsorypulsiveC.alternativeD.predominant35.The tutor tells the undergraduates that one can acquire____in a foreign language through morepractice.A.proficiencyB.efficiencyC.efficacyD.frequency36.The teacher explained the new lesson_____to the students.A.at randomB.at a lossC.at lengthD.at hand37.I shall ___the loss of my reading-glasses in newspaper with a reward for the finder. A.advertisermC.announceD.publish38.The poor nutrition in the early stages of infancy can ___adult growth. A.degenerateB.deteriorateC.boostD.retard39.She had a terrible accident,but___she was’t killed.A.at all eventsB.in the long runC.at largeD.in vain40.His weak chest___him to winter illness .A.predictsB.preoccupiesC.prevailsD.predisposesSection B41.The company was losing money,so they had to lay off some of its employees for three months.A.oweB.dismissC.recruitD.summon42.The north American states agrreed to sign the agreement of economical and military union inOttawa.A.conventionB.convictionC.contradictionD.confrontation43 The statue would be perfect but for a few small defects in its base.A.faultsB.weaknessesC.flawsD.errors44.When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days.John was startlingly pale. A.amazinglyB.astonishinglyC.uniquelyD.dramatically45.If you want to set up a company,you must comply with the regulations laid down by theauthorities.A.abide byB.work outC.check outD.succumb to46.The school master applauded the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.A.praiseB.appraisedC.cheeredD.clapped47.The local government leaders are making every effort to tackle the problem of poverty.A.abolishB.addressC.extinguishD.encounter48.This report would be intelligible only to an expert in computing.A.intelligentprehensivepetentprehensible49.Reading a book and listening to music simultaneously seems to be mo problem for them.A.intermittentlyB.constantlyC.concurrentlyD.continuously50.He was given a laptop computer in acknowledgement of his work for the company.A.accomplishmentB.recognitionC.apprehensionmitmentPart III CloseIn Mr.Allen’s high school class,all students have to “get married”.However,the wedding ceremonies are not real ones but 51 .These mock ceremonies sometimes become so 52 that the loud laughter drowns out the voive of the “minister”.Even the two students getting married often begin to giggle.The teacher Mr. Allen,believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business.He wants young people to understand that there are many changes that 53 take place after marriage.He believes that the need for these psychological and financial 54 should be understood before people marry.Mr.Allen does’t only introduce his students to major problems 55 in marriage such as illness or unemployment.He also expose them to nitty-gritty problems they will face every day.He wants to introduce young people to all the trials and 56 that can strain a marriage to the breaking point .He even 57 his students with the problems of divorced men must pay child support money for their wives.It has been upsetting for some of the students to see the problems that a married couple often faces. 58 they took the course,they had not worried much about the problems of marriage.However,both students and parents feel that Mr.Allen’s course is valuable and have 59 the course publicly.There statements and letters supporting the class have, 60 the school to offer the course again,51. A.duplications B.imitations C.assumption D.fantasies52. A.noisy B.artificial C.graceful D.real53. A.might B.would C.must D.need54. A.issues B.adjustments C.matters D.expectancies55. A.to face B.facing C.having faced D.faced56. A.tribulations B.errors C.triumphs D.verdicts57. rms B.concerns C. triumphs D.associates58. A.Until B.Before C.After D.As.59. A.taken B.suggested C.endorsed D.reproched60. A.confined B.convinced promised D.conceivedpassage oneWhy do people always want to get up and dance when they hear music? The usual explanation is that there is something embeded in every culture-----that dancing is a “cul tural universal”. A researcher in Manchester thingks the impulse may be more deeply rooted than that.He says it may be a reflex reaction.Neil Todd,a psychologist at the University of Manchester. told the BA that he first got an inkling that biology was the key after watching people dance to deafeningly loud music.“There is a compulsion about it.”he says.He reckoned there might be a more direct,biological,explanation for the disre to dance,so he started to look at the inner ear.The human ear has two main functions:hearing and maintaining balance.The standard view is that these tasks are segregated so that organs for balance,for insance,do not have an acoustic function.But Todd says animal studies have shown that the sacculus,which is part of the balance---regulating vestibular system,has retain some sensitivity to sound.The sacculus is especially sensitive to extremely loud noise,above 70 decibel.“There’s no question that in a contemporary dance environment,the sacculus will be stimulated.”says Todd.The av erage rave,he says,blares music at a painful 110 to 140 decibels.But no one really knows what an acoustically stimulated sacculus does.Todd speculates that listening to ex tremely loud music is a form of “vestibular self-stimulation”:it gives a he ightened sensation of motion. “We don’t know exactly why it causes pleasure.”he says.”But we know that people go to extraordinary length to get it.”He list bungee jumping,playing on swings or even rocking to and fro in a rocking chair as other example of pursuits designed to stimulate the sacculus.The same pulsing that makes us feel as though we are moving may make us get up and dances as well,says Todd.Loud music sends signals to the inner ear which may prompt reflex movement. “The typical pulse rate of dance musi c is around the rate of locomo tion.”he says,“It’s quite possible you’re triggering a spinal reflex.”61.The passage begins with______A. a new explanation of musicB. a cultural universal questionedC. a common psychological abnormalityD. a deep insight into human physical movenents62.What intrigued Todd was ______A.human instinct reflexesB.people’s biological heritagesC.people’s compulsion about loud musicD.the damages loud music wrecks on human hearing63.Todd’s biological e xplanation for the desire to dance refers to_____A.the mechanism of hearing soundsB.the response evoked from the sacculusC.the two main functions performed by the human earD.the segregation of the hearing and balance maintaining function64.When the sacculus is acoustically stimulated,according to Todd_____A.functional balance will be maintained in the earB.pleasure will be arousedC.decibel will shoot upD.hearing will occur65.What is the passage mainly about?A.The human ear does more than hearing than expcted.B.Dancing is capable of heighten the sensation of hearingC.Loud music stimulates the inner ear and generates the urge to danceD.The human inner ear does more to help hear than to help maintain balance.passage 2Have you switch off your compter? How about your television? Your video? Your CD player? And even your coffee percolator? Really switched them off,not just pressed the button on some conrtol panel and left your machine with a telltale bright red light warning you that it is ready to jump back to life at your command?Because if you haven’t,you are one of the guilty people who help pollute the planet.It does’t matter if you’ve joined the neighborhood recycling scheme,conscientiously sorted your garbage and avoided driving to work.You still can’t sleep easy while just one of those little red lights is glowing in the dark.The awful truth is that household and office electrical appliances left on stand-by mode are gobbling up energy,even though they are doing absolutely nothing.Some electronic products-----such as CD players----can use almost as much energy on stand-by as they do when running.Others may use a lot less,but as your video player spend far more hours on stand-by than playing anything,the wastage soon adds up.In the US.alone,idle electronic devices consume enough energy to power cities with the energy needs of Chicago or London----costing consumers around ＄1 billion a year.Power stations fill the atmosphere with carbon dioxide just to do absolutely nothing.Thoughtless design is partly responseble for the waste.But manufactures only get away with desinging products that waste energy this way because consumers are not sensitive enough to the issue,indeed,while recycling has caught the public imagination ,reducing waste has attracted much less attention.But “source reduction”,as the garbage experts like to call the art of not using what you don’t need to use,offers enormous potential for reducing waste of all kinds.With a little intelligent shopping,you can cut waste long before you reach the end of the chain.Packaging remains the big villain.One of the hidden consequences of buying products grown or made all around the world,rather than produced locally,is the huge amount of packaging.To help cut the waste and encourage intelligent manufacturers the simplest trick is to look for ultra-light package.The same arguments apply to the very light but strong plastic bottles that are replacing heavier glass alternatives,thin-walled aluminum cans,and cartons made of composites that wrap up anything drinkable in an ultra-light package.There are hundreds of other tricks you can discuss with colleagues while gathering around the proverbial water cooler—filling up,naturally,your own mug rather than a disposable plastic cup.But you don’t need to go as far as one website which tells you how to give your friends unwrapped Christmas presents.There are limits to source correctness.66. Fron the first two paragraphs,the author implies that______A.hitch has made life easy everywhereB.nobody seems to be innocent in polluting the planetC.recycling can potentially control environmental deteriorationD.everybody is joining the global battle against pollution in one way or another67.The waste caused by household and office electrical appliances on stand-by mode seemsto_____A.be a long-standing indoor problemB.cause nothing but troubleC.get exaggeratedD.go unnoticed68.By idle electronic devices,the author means those appliances_____A.left on stand-by modeB.filling the atmosphere with carbon dioxideed by those who are mot energy-conscioused by those whose words spesk louder than actions69.Ultra-light packaging______A.is expected to reduce American waste bu one-thirdB.is an illustration of what is called “source reduction”C.can make both manufacturers and consumers intelligentD.is a villain of what the garnage experts call “source reduction”70.The conclusion the author is trying to draw is that______A.one person cannot win the battle against pollutionB.anybody can pick up tricks of environmental protection on the webC.noybody can be absolutely right in all the tricks of environmental protectionD.anybody can present or learn a trick of cutting down what is not neededpassage 3You can have too much of a good thing,it seems---at least when it comes to physiotherapy after a stroke. Many doctors believe that it is the key to recovery:exetcising a partially paralyzed limb can help the brain “rewire”itself and replace neural co nnections destroyed by a clot in the brain.But the latest animal experiments suggest that too much exercise too soon after a brain injury can make the damage worse. “It’s something that clinicians are not aware of,”says Timothy Schallert of the University at Austin,who led the research.In some trials,stroke victims asked to put their good arm in a sling---to force them to use their partially paralyzed limb---had made much better recoveries than those who used their good arm. But these patients were treated many months after their strokes.Earlier intervention,Schallert reasoned,should lead to even more dramatic improvements.To test this theory,Schallert and his colleagues placed tiny casts on the good forelimbs of rats for two weeks immediately after they were given a small brain injury that partially paralyzed one forelimb.Several weeks later, the researchers were astonished to find that brain tissue surruouding the original injury had also died. “The size of the injury doubled. It’s very dramatic effect.”says Schallert.Brain-injured rats that were not forced to overuse their partially paralyzed limbs showed no similar damage,and the casts did not cause a dramatic loss of brain tissue in animals that had not already suffered minor brain damage.In subsequent experiments,the researchers have found that the critical period for exercise-induced damage in rats is the first week after the initial brain injury.The spreading brain damage witnessed by Schaller’s team was probably caused by the releaseof glutamate,a neurotransmitter,from brain cells stimulated during limb movement.At high doses,glutamate is toxic even to healthy nerve cells.And Schallert believes that a brain injury makes neighboring cells unusually susceptible to the neurotransmitter’s toxic effects.Randolph Nudo of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,who studies brain injury in primates,agrees that glutamate is the most likely culprit.In experiments with squirrel monkeys suffering from stroke-like damage,Nudo tried beginning rehabilitation within five days of injury.Although the treatment was bebeficial in the long run,Nudo noticed an initial worsening of the paralysis that might also have been due to brain damage brought on by exercise.Schallert stresses that mild exercise is likely to be beneficial however soon it begins.He adds that it is unclear whether human victims of strokes,like brain -injured rats,could make their problems worse by exercising too vigorously,too soon.Some clinics do encourage patients to begin physiotherapy within a few weeks of suffering a traumatic head injury or stroke,says David Hovda,director of brain injury research at the University of California,Los Angeles.But even if humans do have a similar period of vulnerability to rat,he speculates that it might be possible to use drugs to block the effects of glutamate.71. Schallert issued a warning to those who____A.believe in the possibility of rewiring the brainB.are ignorant of physiotherapy in the clinicC.add exercise to partially paralyzed limbsD.are on the verge of a stroke72.Which of the following is Schallert’s hypothesis for his investigation.?A.Earlier intervention should lead to even more dramatic improvements.B.The critical period for braim damage is one week after injury.C.A partially paralyzed limb can cause brain damagesD.Physiotherapy is the key to brain recovery.73.The results from Schallert’s rese arch____A.reinforced the singificance of physiotherapy after a strokeB.indicated the fault with his experiment designC.turned out the oppsiteD.verified his hypothesis74.The results made Schallert’s team aware of the fact that____A.glutamate can have toxic efforts on healthy nerve cellsB.exercise can boost the release of glutamateC.glutamate is a neurotransmitterD. all of the above75.Schallert would probably advise clinicians____A.to administer drugs to blick the effects of glutamateB.to be watchful of the amount of exercise for stroke victimsC.to prescribe vigorous exercise to stroke vivtims one week after injuryD.to reconsider the significance of phusiotherapy to brain damagePssage FourOur understanding of cities in anything more than casual terms usually starts with observationsof their spatial form and structure at some point or cross-section in time.This is easiest way to begin,for it is hard to assemble data on how cities change through time,and, in any case,our perceptions often betray us into thinking of spatial structures as being resilient and long lasting.Even where physical change is very rapid,this only has an impact on us when we visit such places infrequent －ly ,after years away. Most of our urban theory,whether it emanates from the social sciences or engineering,is structured around the notion that spatial and spatial and social structures change slowly,and are sufficiently inert for us to infer reasonable explanations from cross-sectional studies.In recent years,these assumptions have come to be challenged,and in previous editorials I have argued the need for a more temporal emphasis to our theories and models,where the emphasis is no longer on equilibrium but on the intrinsic dynamics of urban change.Even these views,however,imply a conventional wisdom where the real focus of urban studies is on processes that lead to comparatively slow changes in urban organization,where the functions determining such change are very largely routine,accomplished over months or years,rather than any lesser cycle of time.There is a tacit assumption that longer term change subsumes routine change on a day-to-day or hour-basis,which is seen as simply supporting the fixed spatial infrastructures that we perceive cities to be built around .Transportation modeling,for example,is fashioned from thes standpoint in that routine trip-making behavior is the focus of study,its explanation being central to the notion that apatial structures are inert and long lasting.76.We ,according to the passage,tend to observe citiesA.chronologicallyB.longitudinallyC.sporadicallyD.horizontally77.we think about a city as____A.a spatial eventB.a symbolica worldC.a social environmentD.an intertelated system78.Cross-sectional studies show that cities ____A.are structured in three dimensiosB.are transformed rapidly in any aspectC.are resilient and long lasting rhrougy timeD.change slowly in spatial and social structrues79.The author is drawing our attention to ____A.the equilibrium of urban spatial structuresB.the intrinsic dynamics of urban changeC.the fixed spatial infrastructureD.all of the above80.The conventional notion,the aurhor contends,____A.presents the inherent nature of a cityB.underlies the fixed spatial infrastructuresC.places an emphasis on lesser cycles of timeD.hinders the physical change of urban structurePassane fiveWhen it is sunny in June,my father gets in his first cutting of hay.He starts on the creek meadows,which are flat,sandy,and hot.They are his driest land.This year,vacationing from my medical practice,I returned to Vermont to help with the haying.The heft of a bale through my leather gloves is familiar:the tautness of the twine,the heave ofthe bale,the sweat rivers that run through the hay chaff on my arms.This work has the smell of sweet grass and breeze.I walk behind the chug and clack of the baler,moving the bales into piles so my brother can do the real work of picking them up later.As hot as the air is,my face is hotter.I am surprised at how soon I get tired.I take a break and sit in the shade,watching my father bale,trying not to think about how old he is,how the heat affects his heart,what might happen.This is not my usual work,of course.My usual work is to sit with patients and listen to them.Occasionslly I touch them,and am glad that my hands are soft.I don’t think my patients would like farmer callouses and dirty hands on their tender spots.Reluctantly I feel for lumps in breasts and testicles,hidden swellings of organs and joints,and probe all the painful places in my patients’lives.There are many,Perhaps I am too soft,could stand callouses of a different sort.I feel heavy after a day’s work ,as if my pat ients were inside me,letting me carry them.I don’t mean to.But where do I put their stories? The childhood beatings,ulcers from stress, incapacitating depression,fears,illness? These are not my experiences,yet I feel them and carry them with me.Try to find healthier meanings,I spent the week before vacation crying.The hay field is getting organized.Piles of three and four bales are scattered around the field.They will be easy to pick up.Dad climbs,tired and lame,from the tractor.I hand him a jar of ice w ater,and he looks with satisfaction on his job just done.I’ll stack a few more bales snd maybe drive the truck for my brother.My father will have some appreciative customers this winter,as he sells his bales of hay.I’ve needed to feel this heaviness in my muscles,the heat on my face.I am taunted by the simplicity of this work,the purpose and results,the definite boundaries of the fields,the dimensions of the bales,for illness is not defined by the boundaries of bodies;it spills into families ,homes, schools,and my office,like hay tumbling over the edge of the cutter bar.I feel the rough stubble left in its wake.I need to remember the stories I’ve helped reshape,new meanings stacked against the despair of pain,I need to remember the smell of hay in June.81.Which of the following is NOT true according to the story?A.The muscular work in the field has an emotional impact on the narrator.B.The narrator gets tired easily working in the field.C.It is the first time for the narroator to do hayingD.The narrator is as physician82.In retrospection ,the narrator___A.feels guilty before his father and brotherB.defends his soft hands in a meaningful wayC.hates losing his muscular power before he knows itD.is shamed for the farmer callouses he does not possess83.As a physician,the narrator is ___A.empathicB.arrogantC.callousD.fragile84.His associations punctuate_____A.the similarities between medicine and agricultureB.the simplicity of muscular workC.the hardship of life everywhereD.the nature of medical practice85.The narrator would say that____A.it can do physicians good to spend a vacation doing muscular workB.everything is interlinked and anything can be anythingC.he is a shame to his fatherD.his trip is worth itPassage SixEveryone has seen it happen,A colleague who has been excited,involved,and productive slowly begins to pull back,lose energy and interest,and becomes a shadow or his or her former self.Or,a person who has been a beacon of vision and idealism retreats into despair or cynicism.What happened? How does someone who is capable and committed become a person who functions minimally and does not seem to care for the job or the people that work there?Burnout is a chronic state of depleted energy ,lack of commitment and involvement,and continual frustration,often accompanied at work by physical symptoms,disability claims and performance problem.Job burnout is a crisis of spirit,when work that was once exciting and meaningful becomes deadening. An organization’s mo st valuable resource---the energy ,dedication,and creativity of its employees---is often squandered by a climate that limits or frustrates the pool of talent and energy available.Milder forms of burnout are a problem at every level in every type of work.The burned-out manager comes to work,but he brings a shell rather than a person.He experiences little satisfaction,and feels uninvolved,detached,and uncommitted to his work and co-workers.While he may be effective by external standards,he works far below his own level of productivity. The people around him are deeply affected by his attitude and energy level,and the whole community begins to suffer.Burnout is a crisis of the spirit because people who burn out were once on fire.It’s especially scary …………….some of the most talented .If they can’t maintain their fire,others ask who can? Are these people lost forever,or can the inner flame be rekindled? People often feel that burnout just comes upon them and that they are helpless victims of it. Actually,the evidence is growing that there were ways for individuals to safeguard and renew their spirit,snd more important,there are ways for organizations to change conditions that lead to burnout.86.The passage begins with____A.a personal transitionB.a contrast between two types of peopleC.a shift from conformity to individualityD.a mysterious physical and mental state87.Which of the following is related with the crisis of spirit?A.Emotional exhaustionB.DepersonalizationC.Reduced personal accomplishmentD.All of the above88.Job burnout is a crisis of spirit,which will result in ___A.a personal problemB.diminished productivityC.an economic crisis in a countryD.a failure to establish a pool of talent and energy89.Burnout can be ___A.fatalB.staticC.infectiousD.permanent90.Those who are burned-out,according to the passage,are potentially able___A.to find a quick fixB.to restore what they have lostC.to be aware of their status quoD.to challenge their organization A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D.。

上海交通大学考博英语模拟试卷5(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Although it is only a small business,its____is surprisingly high.A．turn-upB．turn-overC．turn-aboutD．turn-out正确答案：B解析：各项的意思是：turn-up“开大(声音)；出现”；turn-over“营业额”；turn—about“反复思考；向后转”；turn-out“生产，制造”。

2．Unfortunately not all of us obtain our just____in this life.A．demandsB．gainsC．desertsD．wins正确答案：C解析：各项的意思是：demand“要求，所要求的事物”；in great demand“需求量很大”；gain“盈利，获利”；deserts“应得的赏罚，功劳”；win“(体育比赛中)胜利”。

3．That contract, with which we had a disagreement last month,has now gone____.A．throughB．downC．overD．around正确答案：B解析：各项的意思是：go through“检查，穿过，通过”；go down“降低，被接受，得到赞同”；go over“留下印象，搁置起来”；go around“参观；到处走动”。

4．The____of two houses proved such a financial burden that they were forced to sell one.A．upsurgeC．upturnD．upkeep正确答案：D解析：各项的意思是：upsurge“急剧增长，激发，突发”；upshot“结局，终点”；upturn“上升，好转”；upkeep“维修(费)，保养费，生活费”。

上海交通大学考博英语模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．In a materialistic and______society people’s interest seems to be focused solely on monetary pursuit.A．adaptiveB．addictiveC．acquisitiveD．arrogant正确答案：C解析：形容词词义辨析。

adaptive“适应性的”；addictive“上瘾的”；acquisitive “可获得的，想获利的”；arrogant“狂妄自大的”。

根据句中连词and判定，空格应填入与materialistic同类的词，只有acquisitive符合句意。

故答案为C。

2．Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live______.A．subtlyB．frugallyC．explicitlyD．cautiously正确答案：B解析：副词词义辨析。

subtly“精细地”；frugally“节俭地”；explicitly“清楚地”；cautiously“小心谨慎地”。

题干要求填“过一种节俭的生活”。

故答案为B。

3．Moshe Katzma, 24, denied any______with the beating given to the homeless man, who was found outside a National Headquarters office.A．involvementB．admissionC．isolationD．access正确答案：A解析：固定搭配。