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在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致。
语法一致原则语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1．单数名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
►To study French well is not easy.学好法语不容易。
►What he said is very important for us all.他说的话对我们大家很重要。
【注意】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
►What I bought were three Chinese books.我买的是三本中文书。
►What I say and do are helpful to you.我所说的、所做的都对你有帮助。
2．由连接词and或both...and...连接起来的合成主语后面，谓语动词要用复数形式。
►Both she and he are middle school students.他和她都是中学生。
【注意】(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或事(物)时，主语后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
►The writer and artist has come.那个兼有作家和艺术家双重身份的人来了。
►To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。
(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
►No boy and no girl likes it.男孩和女孩没有一个喜欢这个的。
主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
1、语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student。
汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2、意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now。
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book。
这本书20美元太贵了。
3、就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk。
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型1、单数名词(代词）/不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式；复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground。
这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2、“a great/ good many+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
但“many a+名词”作主语，意义虽为“许多"，但谓语要用单数形式.Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
．主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。
英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则,即：语法一致原则；意义一致原则和就近原则。
1。
语法一致原则语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致,即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式,主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，如:Tom doesn't like swimming。
汤姆不喜欢游泳.Jane and Mary look alike。
简和玛丽看起来很像.2.意义一致原则意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致，同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定，而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。
有时主语的语法形式是单数，但所表达的概念是复数意义，这时动词应采用复数形式，如：The football team are having breakfast now。
足球队员们在吃早饭.The news was exciting。
这条消息令人振奋。
3。
就近原则就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。
当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either。
or…，neither…nor…, not only…but also…, or 等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，如：Either your students or Mr Wang knows this。
你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。
Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。
主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题，1.主语为集体名词(1）某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。
如果集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式，如:Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。
主谓一致讲解及练习一、主谓一致的含义：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上维持一致。
二、主谓一致三原则：主谓一致必需遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
（一）、语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
1. 单数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。
如：The teache r i s here and the students ar e there ．老师在这里，学生在那里。
2．each，every，neither，either，no+单数名词作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Each room is full of people．每间屋子都挤满了人。
Each boy and girl____a new book．A．are given B．was given C．being given D．were given3．主语+with，together with，like，as well as，except, including等短语作定语时，谓语的单、复数与主语一致。
如：He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我想去划船。
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.老师和他的学生一路步行抵达那里。
Nobody but Jane____the secret．A．knows B．Know C．have know D．is know4．something，everything，anything，nothing，everybody，anybody，everyone，anyone，no one，nobody等复合不定代和单独的either，neither，each(each of)，no one，the other，another等词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致Ⅰ. 主谓一致原则含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。
Ⅱ. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is true.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bought were three English books.What I say and do has nothing to do with you.★ a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：This pair of shoes is not mine.The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon.2.―单数名词+ and + 单数名词‖作主语，谓语动词用复数：You and I are good friends.The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news.【注意】★如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people.The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people.★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:Every man, woman, and child needs love.Each boy and girl was given a book.Every minute and every second is precious.★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。
主谓一致之吉白夕凡创作（**）主谓一致的概念。
所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式）。
（一）主谓一致的种类一、【语法一致】1. <and连接>两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) 如果指两个或两个以上分歧的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
He and she _____both students of this school. （2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance.The knife and fork ____on the table.2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。
When he is coming seems very important.Collecting stamps is his hobby.To love her is not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。
.3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与<先行词>的人称和数坚持一致。
Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom, who is your friend, should help you.如果句子中有这些连接词（with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including）和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变更而变更。
The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.二、[意义一致原则]指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。
语法讲解：主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
考点1：对语法一致原则的考查语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.主语是单数名词时，谓语动词大凡用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：His father is working on the farm.Two students are waiting for you in your office.The children were in the classroom two hours ago.考点2：对语法附加原则的考查主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，aswell as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
如：Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.Jack as well as his friends is ready to help you.She，like you and Tom，is very tall.考点3：对整体原则的考查主语从句、不定式短语、动名词短语以及表示时间、金钱、距离等量度的词作主语时，视为整体看待，谓语动词常用单数形式。
例如：To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is very important for us all.Five dollars is enough.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
主谓一致讲解及练习3. Chinese, French, mathematics, statistics, electronics, economics, politics, linguistics,optics等表示语言或学科的单词作主语时,谓语动词用作单数。
Chinese, Japanese, French, English 表示某国人时,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语的数。
4. works (工厂),means (方法) series (系列), deer( 鹿), sheep(绵羊)根据所暗示的数来决定谓语的数。
5.以-s结尾的表示由成对部分组成的物体的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如trousers,glasses, scissors, pants等。
如果这些词与a pair of, a couple of连用，动词的数与pair,couple的数保持-致。
6. clothes, goods, wages, stairs, taxes, earnings, belongings, savings, leavings 作复数用，其后面的谓语动词要用复数。
7. news, music, equipment, luggage, information, furniture, advice, progress等不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
1.表示国家城市、机构、组织的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
2.某些表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词往往作复数用，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
3.以复数形式出现的表示书籍、报纸、杂志的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
4.以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。
1.主语之后带有as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等短语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。
主谓一致“主谓一致”是指句子中主语与谓语之间在人称、数等方面保持的协调一致关系。
在英语中谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。
在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
一、语法一致，也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。
1、由and或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。
如：Mr．and Mrs．Smith are engineers．史密斯夫妇是工程师。
Fire and water do not agree．水火不相容。
Both Lucy and Lily like cartoon2．由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every，each，no，many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。
Every boy and every girl here gets a present.这里的每位男孩和女孩都得到一件礼物。
No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it．没有一位雇主和雇员知道如何处理这件事。
Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much．许多老师和学生很喜欢这本书。
3.不定代词“each one, each，one，no one，either ,niether,the other, another, some(any，no，every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主语时，或主语由each，each of ,every修饰时，谓语动词一律用单数形式。
高中英语主谓一致（一）主谓一致的应用1．名词作主语1）某些集体名词，如 family,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Hisfamilyisahappyone.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。
2）某些集体名词，如people,police,cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。
如：Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.4）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。
如：Threeyearshaspassedsincethen.5）不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如：Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.6）如果主语有morethanone很多非常⋯或manya许多,,构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如：Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.7）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。
但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如：Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.8）thiskindofmen的谓语动词用单数，menofthiskind的谓语动词用复数，all kindsof后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。
第二讲．名词和主谓一致主语与谓语在人称、数上取得一致的情况：1.主语为单数第三人称时，谓语要变单数,即加“S”如：reads，sits注意特例：（1）-s, -ss, -o, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的词要加－es如：misses，kisses，does，fixes，brushes，astonishes，scratches （2）元音字母＋y结尾＋s；辅音字母＋y结尾，要变成辅音字母＋ies；如：says，sprays，delays，flies，studies，（3）－fe，－f 结尾的词尾要变成－ves如：strife （争吵），stuff （填塞），puff （喘气），名词的变化(1)名词的数1) 可数名词的复数形式2) 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词----Tom rented a single room to prepare for the coming exam. （room 为可数名词）汤姆租了一个单人间准备即将到来的考试。
----Your essay is well–written as a whole, yet there is still some room for improvement. （room为不可数名词）虽然你的文章写得不错，但还有需要改进的余地。
这样的名词有：experience（可数为“经历”，不可数为“经验”）；beauty （可数为“美人”，不可数为“美”）；office（可数为“办公室”，不可数为“公职”）；success（可数为“成功的人/物”，不可数为“成功”）；judgment （可数为“判决”，不可数为“判断”）；security（可数为“证券”，不可数为“安全”）等。
3) 复合名词复数形式的特殊情况一般说来，以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：homework, sunlight; 以可数名词结尾的复合名词只将其中的主体名词变为相应的复数，如：bedrooms, bookshelves, housewives, fathers-in-law。
此外，我们还需留意复合名词复数形式的如下特殊情况：2Every man and woman in this society needs care.Each boy and each girl here works hard.No ＋(单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词) ＋单数谓语No teacher or student in this school is allowed to disobey the rules.No teacher and no student in this school is allowed to disobey the rules. 2．集合名词作主语的三种情况a)有些集合名词作主语，谓语只能用单数形式furniture, equipment, jewellery, scenery, clothing, bedding,…（2）有些集合名词作主语，谓语只能用复数形式people, folk, police, cattle, militia, poultry, mankind…（3）有些集合名词作主语，看作整体谓语只能用单数形式，看作全体成员，谓语需用复数形式。
team, club, family, class, audience, group, committee, government,cabinet, board, couple, army, jury, party, staff, faculty, personnel, union,public,…The government has made a decision to eliminate drug-abusing.The government are arguing about the passing of a new law.The family has lived here for 50 years.The family are going abroad for a holiday.4.由both and 连接的两个名词或代词，谓语用复数，但是，由either or ，neither nor，or，not only but also 连接的两个名词或代词，或在There be ，Here be 的倒装句型中，谓语的单复数取决于临近主语。
Either you or she is needed to help paint the room.Have neither you nor he been to Tibet?Not only the students but also their teacher is going to see this new film.There is a school and some supermarkets nearby.5.两个名词或代词由一些词（组）相连接，如as well as, together/ along with,carrying, supported by, accompanied by, besides, apart from, in addition to, but, except, (un)like, no less than, other than 等，谓语需与第一个名/代词取得一致。
Jane, unlike her sisters, does n’t like dancing.The teacher, in addition to the students, has seen this film.Tom, no less than Tim, is a promising student.An old woman, supported by two young pioneers, is crossing the street.The club, other than the chairman, are in favor of the plan.6.表示部分数量的词（组）＋of ＋名词＋谓语结构中，谓语的单复数取决于名词：名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，谓语用单数；名词为可数名词的复数形式，谓语用复数。
All of the work is done.All of the students are here.The whole of the birthday cake has been eaten.The whole of the muffins have been eaten.None of the coffee is left.None of the telephones work/ works.None of these graduates are/is from parents’ families.None of them are qualified workers.7.What 引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数，但若表语中出现复数名词，则谓语要用复数，以与表语取得一致。
What he said is right.What the teacher says and does has effect on his students.What the teacher says and does don’t agree (with each other).What he bought were two balls.What they need badly are creative writers.What I have said and done have nothing to do with you.What is real to him are the details of his life.其他名词性从句作主语，用单数谓语Whether he will pass the test is still unknown.How he succeeded remains a secret.Who are going to visit Mr. Smith is undecided.8.单个动词不定式或动名词作主语，谓语用单数。
To see is to believe/ Seeing is believing.To plan in advance is a good thing.For him to finish the task in half an hour is a challenge.Playing with fire is a dangerous thing.Her often coming late annoyed the director.两个动词不定式或动名词作主语，若指两类事物，谓语用复数；但若指某一事物的两个方面，则谓语应用单数。
To listening to music and to watch TV are my favorite things.Early to bed and early to rise is beneficial to health.Reading novels and solving problems are two different things.Weeping and crying does nothing towards settling the problem.9. a number/ variety of + 复数名词＋复数谓语the number/ variety of +复数名词＋单数谓语A number of the students here are from key schools.The number of the students attending evening schools is on the rise.A variety of new goods are on display.The variety of goods on sale in that store is surprising.10.用and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指同一个人或事物时，用单数谓语。
A scientist and poet is going to give us a lecture tomorrow.My neighbor and colleague is watering the flowers.The partner and manager has warned us not to be lazy.War and peace i s a constant theme in history.Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.此外，a knife and folk, a collar and tie, a needle and thread, a cup and saucer, a cart and horse,…. 也通常被看作整体，谓语用单数。
