Lesson 1
及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries, it involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.
2．随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away form international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.
3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing and turnkey project.
4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.
5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
Besides trade and investment, licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. Lesson 2
重要概念。区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。
GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s total income. The difference between GND and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place.
2、要估评某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索。
In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.
3、世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入
国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。
Countries of the world are divided by the World
Bank into three categories of high-income,
middle-income and low-income economies.
4、中国现在的年人均收入为1100美元以上，但
几年前它还是个低收入国家。
China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a
middle-income country though it was a low income
country just a few years ago.
5、就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市
场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等国，这
些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提
供很好的商机。
So far as China is concerned, other markets we
should pay particular attention to are those around
us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia,
India, and a bit farther away Australia.
Lesson 3
The past decades witnessed increasingly
growing importance of regional economic
integration.
2.最著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它
是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991年建立
的。
The most notable free trade area is the North
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), it
was formed by the United States, Canada and
Mexico in 1991.
3.经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、
企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应使用同
一的货币。
The members of an Economic Union are
required not only to harmonize their taxation,
government expenditure, industry policies, etc.,
but also use the same currency.
4.欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构
将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各
成员国根据所制定的条约履行自已的义务。
European Commission is one of the
administration institutions of European Union,
it hands over the proposes to the council of Ministers
for decision and oversees member countries to
implement their obligations according to the enacting
clauses.
5.APEC建立于在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部
长级会议上。当时有12位成员国出席，分别为澳大
利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、朝鲜、新西兰和东盟六
国。
APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the
Australian capital Canberra attended by 12 members of
Australia, the United States, Canada, Japan, Republic of
Korea, New Zealand and six ASEAN countries.
Lesson 4
同时也使各经济体更加相互依赖、相互影响。
Economic globalization is giving new impetus and
providing opportunities to world economic
development and meanwhile making the various
economies more and more interdependent and
interactive.
2.跨国公司是在一个以上国家拥有、控制和经营资产的
商业组织。
Multinational enterprise is a business organization
which owns, controls and manages assets in more than
one country.
3.许多人欢呼经济全球化带来的好处，但同进也有强烈
的反对声音。
While many people are acclaiming the benefits brought
about by economic globalization, there are also loud
voices of opposition.
4.跨国公司的内部交换占整个国际贸易的一个很大的
比例。
Intra-MNE transactions constitute a very significant
proportion of total international trade.
5.尽管公司的日常管理工作下放到跨国企业的子公司，
但重要决策，如有关公司目标和新投资等都由母公司
来决定。
Although the day-to-day running of corporate
operations maybe decentralized to the affiliates, the
major decisions, such as those on corporate goal, new
investments and their location, are made by the parent
company.
6.无论人们是否喜欢，经济全球化已成为世界经济发展
中的一个客观趋势。
Like it or not, economic globalization has become an objective trend in world economic development. Lesson 5
足。
In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient.
2.随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的
因素，即国际专业化。
With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization.
3.按照比较利益学说，两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到
好处。
According to the theory of comparative advantage, both countries can gain from trade.
4.比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过
自已的行动发展某种特定的比较利益。
Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country may develop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own actions.
5.比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。
The theory of comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade. Lesson 6
The cost will decrease if the goods are produced on a large scale.
2.在实际中，即使完全的专业化在经济上有利，也可能
永远不会发生。
In reality, however, complete specialization may never occur even when it is economically advantageous.
3.配额或者说数量限制是最常见的非关税壁垒。
Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common form of non-tariff barriers.
4.有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易，而无形贸易涉及的是
国家间劳务交换。
Visible trade involves import and export of goods while invisible trade involves the exchange of services between countries.
5.国家从事的贸易种类是多样的、复杂的，往往是有形
贸易和无形贸易的混合。
The kinds of trade nations engage in are varied
and complex, often a mixture of visible and
invisible trade.
Lesson 7
卖方明确知道把货物安全地运到目的地所需
要的包装。
Packing should be made according to the
requirement of transportation, In most cases, the
seller knows clearly the particular type of
packing required for transporting the goods safely
to destination,
2.在许多情况下，应通知买方在卖方将货物启
运之时或之前安排验货。除非合同另有规定，
否则买方必须支付为其自身利益而安排的验
货费用。
In many cases, the buyer shall be notified to go
through the inspection of goods at or before the
time of shipment.Unless otherwise specified, the
buyer is supposed to undertake the charges of
inspection thus incurred for his own sake.
3.进口商可以通过可转让的运输单据将货物在
运输途中卖给新的买方，这类可转让单据用
起来非常方便。
The importer can sell the goods to a new buyer
while they are being carried by means of negotiable
for shipping documents which are very convenient
for use.
4.在所有条款中，买卖双方各自的义务排列在
10项标题下。
Under all terms, the respective obligations of
the parties have been grouped under 10
headings.
5.2000年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改考
虑了无关税区的发展，商务活动中电子通讯
使用的增加，以及运输方式的变化。
The 2000 revision of Incoterms took account of
the spread of customs-free zones, the increased
use of electronic communication, and the
changes in transport practices.
Lesson 8
能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。
Contract is enforceable by law, and any party that fails
to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and
forced to make compensation.
2.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过国际
长途电话进行的商谈。
Oral negotiation refers to direct discussions or business
discussions through international trunk calls.
3.买方发出的询盘是为了获得拟定购商品的有关信息，
它对发出询盘的人无约束力。
Enquiries which made by the buyers to get information
about the goods to be ordered is made without
engagement on the part of the enquirer.
4.有效期对于确盘是必不可少的。在规定的时间之前，
或在被对方接受或拒绝之前确盘一直是有效的。
The validity period is indispensable to a firm offer. An
offer is considered open until after a stipulated time or
until it is accepted or rejected.
5.还盘是对发盘的拒绝，一旦作出还盘，原报盘即失效
而失去约束力。
It is a refusal of the offer which will be invalid and
unbinding once a counter-offer is made.
Lesson 9
如应对汇短缺和扩大出口之类的问题。
Counter trade is often associated with policy objectives
of relevant economies like dealing with foreign
exchange shortages and promotion of exports.
2.实质上，反向贸易指的是各种货物和服务的直接交
换。
Actually, counter trade refers to direct exchange of
various goods and services.
3.回购贸易和互购贸易之间另一个重要的区别在于回
购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续更长一段时间。
Another important difference between counter purchase
and buyback is that a buyback deal usually stretches
over a longer period of time than a counter purchase
deal.
4.在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货
物的买与卖是分别进行的。
In normal market transactions Buying and selling of
goods are unbundled, Because of the use of money and
the market.
5.尽管有很多好处，反向贸易可能是风险很大的事。
Though there are many advantages, counter trade can be very risky business.
6.在其他贸易方式中还有加工贸易、寄售、租赁贸易、
代理等。
Among other modes of trade are processing trade, consignment, leasing trade, agency etc.
Lesson 10
方不履约的可能。
In international trade, both the exporter and the importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may not fulfill the contract.
2．为处理国际贸易中的不同形势，各种支付方法便发展了起来。
Various methods of payment have been developed to cope with different situations in international trade. 3．许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令。
A lot of international transactions are paid for by means
of the draft, which is an conditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone.
4．即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以取得单据。
D/P at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents.
5．就出口商而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。
So far as the exporter’s interest is concerned, D/P at sight is more favourable than D/P after sight, and D/P is more favourable than D/A.
Lesson 11
行。
In international trade it is almost impossible to match payment with physical delivery of the goods.
2.信用证付款方式对买卖双方都提供保障。
Payment by means of letter of credit offers security to both the seller and the buyer.
3.现代信用证在19世纪后半叶开始采用，第一次世界
大战后得到了实质性的发展。
Modern credits were introduced in the second half of the 19th century and had substantial development after the First World War.
4.要么因为信用证金额过大，要么因为对开证行不完全
信任，出口商有时可能需要保兑的信用证。
Sometimes the exporter may require a
confirmed letter of credit either because the
credit mount is too large, or because he does
not fully trust the opening bank.
5.信用证的形式、长短、语言和规定各不相同。
Letters of credit are varied in form, length,
language, and stipulations.
Lesson 12 *
类。
Letters of credit are classified into different
types according to their function, form, and
mechanism.
Letters of credit fall under several categories
depending on their function, form and
mechanism.
2. 光票信用证主要用于非贸易结算，而在商品
贸易中一般使用跟单信用证付款。
Clean letters of credit are mainly used in
non-trade sentiment,while documentary credits
are generally used in Commodity trade.
Clean credit is generally used in non-trade
settlement or in payment in advance by means
of the L/C.
3. 在即期信用证情况下，提示汇票和正确无误
的单据后便立即付款。
In the case of sight credits, payment can be
made a promptly upon presentation of draft
and impeccable, shipping documents.
Under a sight credit, payment is made upon
presentation of the draft and impeccable
documents.
4. 远期信用证显然要使用远期汇票。付款期限
可为30天、60天甚至可长达180天。
A usance credit obviously calls for a time draft,
and the usance varies from 30, 60,to as long as
180 days.
A sight credit calls for a sight draft. The usance
varies from 30, 60, 90 days to as long as 180 days.
5. 如果信用证可以由原受益人转让给另一个或几个人，
那么这种信用证即为可转让信用证。原受益人称作第
一受益人，接受转让的人称作第二受益人。
A letter of credit,is called transferable if it can be
transferred by its original beneficial to one or more
parties.The original beneficiary is called the first
beneficiary, and the party the credits is transferred to is
called the second beneficiary.
If a credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary
to one or more parties, it is a transferable credit. The
original beneficiary is called the first beneficiary and
the party the credit is transferred to is called the second
beneficiary.
6. 对于一笔具体交易来说，信用证不一定是最理想的付
款方式。缔约双方应根据具体情况作出最好的选择。
The letter of credit may not be the most ideal method of
payment for a particular transaction, and the contracting
parties should make their best choice according to the
specific conditions.
Lesson 13 *
货时会遇到困难。
It's very important to use correct documents in international
trade, otherwise the importer will have difficulties in taking
delivery of the goods.
The use of correct documents is very important in
international trade, or the importer will have difficulties
in taking delivery of the goods.
2．商业发票，一般称“发票”，这种单据对货物的质量
和数量以及单价和总价进行概括性描述。
The commercial invoice, generally called the invoice
makes general description of the quality, quantity, unit price,
and total value of the goods.
The commercial invoice is generally called “the invoice”,
this document is the general description of the quality and
quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.
3．货物在运输过程中可能发生风险损失，需要办理货
物保险。
It is necessary to insure the goods against the possible risks they are exposed to in the course of transportation. 4．已装船提单表明货明已实际装上开往目的港的承运船只。
An on board bill of lading indicates that the shipment has been actually loaded on the carrying vessel bound for the port of destination.
5．清洁提单指货物在表面状况良好的情况下装船，这意味着提单上未加任何有关包装或货物外表不良的批注。
A clean bill of lading is one which states that the goods have been shipped in apparent good order and condition, which means it is devoid of any qualifying remarks about the packing and the outer appearance of the goods.
Lesson 14
个原始落后的社会。
There is no doubt that a society without an advanced transportation system remains primitive.
2．这些方式在运作特点和性能方面不同，从而使它们各有比较优势和劣势。五种运输方式分别是：水路、铁路、公路、管道及航空。
The modes differ in terms of operation characteristics and capabilities, giving them comparative advantages and disadvantages. The five major modes are water, rail, truck, pipeline and air.
3．过去10年，公司自己提供运输能力的倾向越来越大。
The past decade has seen an increasing tendency among business firms to provide their own transportation capability.
4．作为一个社会，我们现在的生活比完全自给自足时要富裕，更消闲。
As a society, we enjoy a richer and more leisurely life than we would be in a totally self-sufficient community. 5．最近几年运输能引人注目的另一个因素就是越来越多的使用零库存系统。这种系统是以公司保持很少数量的生产投入的生产方式为基础的。
Another factor that has thrust transportation into the limelight in recent years is the growing utilization of just-in-time inventory systems, on the basis of a production approach in which the firm maintains very small quantities of production inputs. Lesson 15
企业可以将生活中一些不确定因素转移给其他
人。
Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism, by which
the individual or the business enterprise can shift
some of the uncertainty of life to the shoulders of
others.
(2) 即使是在这种情况下，大多数公司宁可付已
知的费用即保险费来转移风险，而不愿面对不确
定的风险损失。
Even under these circumstances, most of the firms
prefer to pay a known cost or premium for the
transfer of risk, rather than face the uncertainty of
carrying the risk of loss.
(3) 对企业来说损失的价值要比个人高很多。因
此保险费用也比一栋房子或一辆车高出许多。In
the case of business enterprises, the values exposed
to loss are usually much higher and the premium
charged is substantially higher than that for a house
or a car.
(4) 企业投保的主要刺激是他们可能腾出资金，
进行其他项目的投资。
The main stimulus to the enterprise is the release of
funds for investment in the production of other
items.
(5) 因此，货物保险是一种目的在于把风险从进
口商和出口商的肩上转移到专门承担风险的保
险人一方的活动。
Therefore, cargo insurance is an activity aiming at
moving the burden of risk from the exporters and
importers to the underwriters.
Lesson 16
根据这类合同提出的索赔都不会被受理。
An insurance contract without an insurable interest
to support it is invalid and any claim made upon it
will not be entertained.
(2) 尽管错误的陈述是无意的，但保险人还是受
到欺骗。从而保险合同无效。
Even though the mis-statement is unintentional, the
underwriter will still be deceived and the policy vo
idable.
(3) 将受损失人的利益恢复到损害发生前的状况的合同
就是保险合同。
A contract of insurance is one which restores a person who
has suffered a loss into the same position as he was in befor
e the loss occurred.
(4) 赔偿金额一般包括发票金额加上运输费用及保险费
再加上一个商定的百分比，如10%。
The compensation payable generally includes the invoiced c
ost plus freight, the insurance premium, and an agreed perce
ntage, say 10%.
(5) 如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因，保险公司
不予赔偿。
The insurance company will not entertain the claim if the ris
k covered is not the proximate cause of the loss.
Lesson 17
每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定其货币
的平价。
Before the First World War, the gold standard created a
fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the
value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.
2. 1944年44国在美国布雷顿森林举行会议签署了协
议，计划在世界贸易和货币方面实现更好的合作。
In 1944, 44 nations held a conference at Bretton Woods,
U.S.A and sign an agreement to create better
cooperation on world trade and currency.
3. 弹性汇率制从没有真正地“干净”或自由地浮动过。因
为中央银行为了稳定汇率采取了各种措施对货币价
格进行干涉。
The flexible exchange rate system has never been clean
float or free float. The central banks take various
measures to intervene in the price of its currency in
order to stabilize the exchange rate
4. 在特定条件下，提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金，提
高一国的外汇汇率。
Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract
short-term international fund, increasing the exchange
rate of one’s own currency.
5. 外汇汇率有三种形式，即：买进汇率、售出汇率和两
者的平均值——中间汇率。
There are three types of exchange rate, i.e. the buying rate,
the selling rate and the average of the two-the medial rate.
Lesson 18
1、这些机构的共同目标是通过把发达国家的资金输送到发展中国家帮助这些国家提高生活水平。
The common objective of these institutions is to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries.
2、国际复兴开发银行的资金有相当大一部分来自它的留存盈余以及偿还贷款的不断流入。
A substantial contribution to the IBRD’s resources comes from its retained earnings and the flow of repayments on its loans.
3、该银行的贷款是向处于经济和社会发展较高阶段的发展中国家提供的。
The loans of this bank are directed toward developing countries at more advanced stages of economic and social growth.
4、国际货币基金组织旨在向那些在付款方面有困难的基金会员国提供中期贷款。
The purpose of IMF is to provide medium term loans to those members with payment difficulties.
5、为了承担这项使命，多边投资担保机构向投资者提供担保以防范非商业性风险，向发展中成员国政府提供咨询，并为国际商业界与东道国政府就投资问题安排对话。To carry out this mandate, MIGA offers investors guarantees against noncommercial risks; supply advice to developing member governments, and sponsors a dialogue between the international business community and host governments on investment issues.
Lesson 19
行督控和经营能过对外投资获取另一国的资产。Foreign direct investment is the major form of international investment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.
2、控制成本是一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一。而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要方面。
Controlling cost is the first major motivation for engaging in FDI. And lowering production costs is an important consideration.
3、直接在国外经营提高一个公司产品的能见度，使当地客户对他们所购买的商品更加放心。
Operating directly abroad enhances the visibility of a firm’s products, making local customers feel more assured about the things they buy.
4、即时库存管理系统的引进能最大限度地降低
库存从而提高经营效率。
The introduction of JIT inventory management
system can minimize the inventory to increase
efficiency.
5、国外直接投资主要有三种形式：建立新企业、
购买现有设放和建立合资公司。
FDI is mainly practised in three forms: building
new enterprises, purchasing existing facilities and
forming joint ventures.
Lesson 20
买或出售一种证券的权利。
Options are contracts giving the right to buy and
sell a security at an agreed price within a particular
period of time.
2、未挂牌证券市场是为了满足已经确立了地位
的，但是较小的，而且不太成熟的公司的需求而
建立的。
The Unlisted Securities Market is created to meet
the needs of established, but smaller, less mature
companies
3、政府满足公共部门借贷需求的方法之一就是
出售金边证券。
One of the ways the government meets the Public
Sector Borrowing Requirement is by selling
gilt-edged stocks.
4、通过为证券的发行和交易提供中心市场，股
票交易所长期为政府、工业以及投资商的需求服
务。
The Stock Exchange has long served the needs of
government, industry and investors in providing the
central market place for the issue and trading of
securities
5、国际股票交易所提供了一种途径，使人们的
存款能够为那些需要资金的人所利用。
The International Stock Exchange exists to provide
a channel through which these savings can reach
those who need finance.
Lesson 21
过一系列的贸易谈判或回合发展起来的，它最初
有三个基本目标。
The GATT system (now WTO) was developed through a
series of trade negotiations or rounds it originally had three
basic goals.
2、加入世界贸易组织对中国有益，因为它将促进中国的
改革和发展，提高商品和服务质量，降低商品成本和服
务费用，刺激投资和创造就业机会，改善法则。
China’s WTO accession will benefit China because it will
help advance its reform and development, improve the
quality and reduce the cost of goods and services, spur
investment and the creation of news jobs, and promote the
rule of law.
3、世界贸易组织的主要目的是为了促进自由贸易、进一
步减少贸易壁垒并建立更有效的贸易纠纷解决机制。
The WTO dispute settlement system is the most active one
today at the international level and has tremendous
importance for the progressive development of international
law.
4、WTO争端解决机制是当今国际水准上的最为活跃的体
系而且对国际法的持续发展具有重大意义。
The WTO dispute settlement system is the most active one
today at the international level and has tremendous
importance for the progressive development of international
law
5、尽管中国取得了很大的成就，但仍然面临世大的挑战。
一部分挑战和竞争来自于农业、银行业和保险业，还有
一部分来自于一些国家所采取的贸易保护主义措施。
Despite all the achievements, China still faces big
challenges. Some of the challenges and competition are
from the agricultural sector and banking and insurance
industries. And some are caused by the protectionist
measures in some countries.
Lesson 22
和发展会议的总任务是制定、协商和实施改善发展进程
的措施。
Although no specific objectives were laid down at the
first conference, the general function of UNCTAD is to
formulate, negotiate and implement measures to improve the
development process.
（2）在没有有效协议的情况下，一旦出口收入下降，
应立即采用强制的自动的补救措施。
In the absence of effective agreements, compulsory and
automatic compensatory measures should be introduced as soon as there is a decline in export earnings.
（3）实际上西文国家在使低收入国家繁荣起来的同时，其对这些国家的出口将增加，因此也能获得经济效益。 Indeed, the western nations would also have an economic interest in bringing greater prosperity to the low-income countries, since their exports to these territories would thus be stepped up.
（4）国际经济新秩序主要是要求发达国家提供更多的现金和贸易方面的优惠。
The new international economic order consists mainly in a demand for more cash and trade concessions from the developed countries.
（5）贸易和发展理事会是联合国贸易和发展会议的常设机构。
A Trade and Development Board is the permanent organ of the Conference.
高中英语汉译英 1稍等一会儿，我会帮助你的。 请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机.(or) 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么？(过去进行时) 5我正在吃晚饭，电话铃响了。 6不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) 9我在街上走时，看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) 10我走近花园时，几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) 11请脱下你的旧上衣，穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) 12这件事是什么时候发生的？（happen） 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) 14当我们到达车站时，火车已开出了。(过去完成时) 15他服药后，开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) 16 我观看体育节目你有意见吗? (mind) :介意做某事 17我还没有读完那本有关伦敦的书.(finish) finish doing:完成做某事 18 他没有跟我说一声就离开了山村。(without) 19我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(过去完成时) wash up 20汤姆上楼去他的卧室时，他的姐姐已把他的上衣改短了一英寸。(过去完成时) 21我和汤姆都盼望早日见到您。(look forward to). 22全世界的人都在电视上观看奥运会.(all over the world) 23我听说这场比赛将延期。(put off). 24这里要讲英语.(被动) 25这座体育馆将于明年建成.(被动语态) 26过马路时要小心.(be careful) 27这次车祸是什么引起的?(cause) 28她总是乐于助人.(be ready to). 29这个女孩由于不遵守交通规则，在车祸中受了伤。(被动). 30到时候会通知你的.（被动语态） 31我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) not…at all:一点都不 32他把玫瑰栽在花园中间.(in the middle) 33他不知道她为什么在练习中有这么多的错误.(wonder) 34他告诉我一切都会好的。(过去将来时). 35谁也不知道我们什么时候举行下次会议. 36在新学校里有这么多的东西要学。 37当老师进来的时候，我们正在愉快地交谈。 38我们一读完初中就进入高中。 39我的老师比我想象的要年轻得多。 40晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟. 41我们将在明天下午举行班会.(用被动语态) 42 老师看见他的学生们在教室里做功课。(…doing…) 43她说鲁宾逊先生将不得不为那张画付高价. 44我的母亲说我们将在北京逗留两个星期。(过去将来时)
第 2讲 要求对中文词组或句子进行翻译。要求应试者有相关词汇的积累，表达能力的体现及习惯用语的熟练程度。单词拼写要求准确，句子要求通顺无误。 共10题，15分。 1．具体询盘 2．百分之二的佣金 3．商品目录 4．出口单证 5．目的港 6．原产地证书 7．包装要求 8．供我方参考 9．即期信用证 10．品质超群 11.工艺精湛 12.在中国议付有效 13.警告性标志 14.装箱单 15.业务（贸易）伙伴 16.国有公司 17.商品检验 18.预约保险单 19.剪样 20.中国产地证 1.现金折扣 2.短装 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 汉译英 小测 备考单词句子
3.单价 4.续订单 5.即期装运 6.中国保险条款 7.商会 8.零售网点 9.实盘 10.一式三份 11.保险代理人 12.销售包装 13．发货人 14．保险凭证 15．贴身包装 16．出口订货 17．承兑 18．欧洲主要港口 19. 行名录 20. 带插图的商品目录21．收货人 22．平安险 23．账户 24．预约保险 25．指示提单 26.（资信）证明人27.做工；工艺 28.可供数量 29.轻工业产品 30.单证 31.小保单 32.首次询盘 33.数量折扣 34.交货条件 35.保险费 36.拼箱货 37.海运 38.行业杂志 39.保兑的、不可撤销的信用证 40.现金折扣 41.佣金 42.发票金额 43.运输标志 44.分批装运 45.装运单据 46.已装船通知 47.租船 48.商业信用 49.资信证明人 50.战争险 1.我方相信这些预防措施可防止货物再次出现损坏。 We believe that these precautions will be able to prevent a recurrence of damage. 2.我方已通知银行将该笔款项记入你公司账户的贷方。 We have instructed the bank to credit the amount into your account. 3.整套清洁已装船提单。 a full set of clean shipped /shipped on board bills of lading 4.该商品的报价为每打上海港船上交货价18美元。 This article is quoted at US$18.00 per dozen, FOB Shanghai. 5.兹授权你方按发票金额向该银行开立45天远期汇票。 You are authorized to draw on the bank at 45 days for the amount of the invoice value.
International Business English Lesson 1 International Business/国际商务 Business Knowledge: The major differences between international business and domestic business A.Differences in legal systems 法律体系 B.Differences in currencies 货币 C? Differences in cultural background D? Different in natural and economic conditions The major types of international business A.Trade https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b14643511.html,modity trade 商品贸易 b? Service trade B.In vestment a.Foreign direct investment b.Portfolio investment 证券投资 C.Other types a. Licensing and franchising许可经营和特许经营 b? Management contract and contract manufacturing 管理合同和承包生产 c.Turnkey project and BOT Trade Terms: 1.Customs iirea 关税区： 2.Conversion货币兑换 3.Visible trade 有形贸易：The form of commodity trade, i.c. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for con sumption or resale in another, (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) 4.Invisible trade 无形贸易：The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.
1.当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice） At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist/traveller (for help). 2.我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（occur） If never occurred / didn’t occur to me that Tom would/should be elected/made chairman of the Student’s Union. 3.如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。（convenient） If (it is) convenient, please fetch me the parcel from the post office/please go to the post office and fetch me the parcel. 4.应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。（apply） Students should be encouraged/We should encourage students to apply what they have learned in class to practice . 5.如果队员之间不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。（unless） Our school basketball team will not beat the opponents in the final match/final(s) unless the team members strengthen their cooperation / cooperate well with each other. 1．请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。（or） Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible /you can , or you’ll miss the good/golden chance/opportunity . 2．那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。（It…） It’s very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty . 3．勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。（infect） Washing hands often/frequently /regularly is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease (s). 4．这条铁路横贯平原，把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。（remote） The railway crosses/goes across/runs across the plain and connects /, connection the remote mountain (ous ) city with the sea port . 5．这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。（so…that） The historical novel about/describing World War I / the First World War is so attractive that I can’t bear (to do …)/stand parting with it / putting it down (back , aside )/ leaving it aside . 1．我们盼望能参加下星期举行的艺术节开幕式(look forward to) We are looking forward to taking part in the opening ceremony of the art to be held next week. 2．多参加些体育锻炼，你就不那么容易感冒了。(If…) If you take more PE exercises, you will not catch a cold so easily. 3．因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。(The reason why) The reason why he didn't pass the driving test was lack of practice/ that he lacked practice. 4．直到被送入手术间时，他才明白遵守交通规则的重要性。(not…until…) He didn't know the importance of obeying the traffic rules until he was sent into the room of operation. 5．虽然她孤身一人，无亲无故，但邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手。(offer) Though she is single and has no friends or relatives, all the neighbors offer her help/ a helping hand /to help her. 1. 小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。 (help)
考试简介 全国商务英语翻译（ETTBL）是我国一项系统的“外语+专业”的商务翻译培训、考试，以全国《商务英语翻译教程》（口译/笔译）的培训大纲为基础，内容涵盖广告、产品描述、产品与保险、人力资源与职业、经济、国际贸易、金融证券、市场营销、法律、合同与协议、旅游业等。由商务英语专业教授及富有商务背景的外籍教师进行授课，侧重于常用商务材料英汉互译对照、常用商务专业词汇及典型句型解析、翻译技巧等。打造商务英语翻译培训的优秀品牌，弥补高素质商务英语翻译人才的市场缺口，培养出专业化、知识化的口译/笔译人才，缩短新学员进入企业的磨合期，尽快适应工作；提高在职人员商务英语翻译专业水平及职业能力，更好地胜任工作。 学员完成培训计划规定的全部内容和课时后，参加全国商务英语翻译的考核及综合评定，根据考评结果，颁发相应等级相应层次的《全国商务英语翻译证书》。是商务英语人员上岗就业的依据，是工商、合资企业、外事单位用人的资格凭证.该证书全国通用，并网上注册()。并为学员建立个人资料库，借助中国商务人才网（）的网络平台协助考生就业和提供继续教育服务等。
职业定义 初级：能在商务往来中进行一般性商务英语交谈。涉外企业的员工及同层次的企业外销人员、宾馆接待人员、商场收银员等。 中级：能在一般性商务会谈和商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业的职员及同层次的秘书，办公室主管等。 高级：能在一般性商务会议和外事商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业主管及同层次的企业经理助理、企业经理等。 翻译师：能在大型商务会议中进行复杂的口译和笔译，并胜任专职商务翻译工作。 高级翻译师：能在各种国际会议中进行口译和笔译。在口译中能交替传译和同声传译；在笔译中对商务活动会议的文件及商务专业性的资料作笔译。能承担国际商务会议中各种复杂的笔译、口译，解决商务英语中的一切疑难问题。 考试对象 凡遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律、恪守职业道德、具备一定外语水平、有志于从事商务领域翻译工作的在职和求职人员及在校生，不论学历高低，均可参加。
绝密 考试结束前 全国2015年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题 课程代码:05844 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上三 注意事项: 1.答题前, 考生务必将自己的考试课程名称二姓名二准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上三 2.用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上, 不能答在试题卷上三Ⅰ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s f r o mE n g l i s h i n t oC h i n e s e :(10%)1.p r i m a r y c o mm o d i t i e s 2.e x c h a n g e r a t e f l u c t u a t i o n 3.i n s u r a n c e p o l i c y 4.e c o n o m i c c o n f l i c t 5.v o l u n t a r y e x p o r t r e s t r i c t i o n 6.m a r k e t f l o o r 7.c o u n t e r -v e i l i n g m e a s u r e s 8.c o n s u m p t i o n p r e f e r e n c e 9.b u l k g o o d s 10.E u r o p e a nP a r l i a m e n t Ⅱ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s f r o mC h i n e s e i n t oE n g l i s h :(10%)11.预付现金 12.报价 13.唛头 14.储备货币 15.并购16.长期资本 17.关税区 18.双边贸易
新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文 第一单元国际贸易理论 重商主义 世界上第一个国际贸易理论——重商主义，产生于16世纪中期。重商主义宣 称金银是一国财富的支柱，是繁荣商业所不可或缺的。当时，金银是国家间的贸易 货币，出口国赚取金银，同样从他国进口货物，导致金银的外流。重商主义认为出 口大于进口从而保持贸易顺差是一国的根本利益。这样，一国积累金银，最终使国 家财富增加，国家地位得以提升。正如1930年，英国重商主义学者托马斯?孟所说: 增加一国财富的最普遍的做法是对外贸易，而且我们必须遵守这样的规则:每 年出口产品的价值要大于进口产品的价值。 遵循这一说法，重商主义提倡政府干涉，以确保贸易顺差。重商主义认为大量 的贸易额并没有什么益处。他们建议颁布政策以扩大出口，限制进口。具体做法可 以是对进口施加关税和对配额进行限制，对出口则给予补贴。 1752年古典经济学 家大卫?休谟指出了重商主义学说的缺陷。据休谟所说，如果英国对法国贸易顺差(即出口大于进口)，相应的金银的流入会导致英国国内货币供应充足，从而产生通 货膨胀。而法国会因为金银的外流产生相反的效应——通货紧缩，价格降低。英法 之间相对价格的变化将促使法国的进口商购买的英国货物数量减少(因为英国货物 变得昂贵)，英国的进口商将购买更多法国的货物(因为法国货物价格降低)。结 果，英国贸易收支状况不断恶化，法国贸易收支逐步得到改善，这种情况一直持续 到英国的顺差被抵消。因此，休谟认为，长期来看，没有国家能够如重商主义者所 想象的那样保持贸易顺差。 除了休谟指出的缺陷之外，重商主义的另一缺限在于其视国际贸易为零和博弈(零和博弈是指一国得益必导致另一国受损)。亚当?斯密和大卫?李嘉图指出了重商
1.国际贸易一般指不同国家当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素。因而比国内贸易要复杂的多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves mort factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. 2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展，又有益于个人的进步With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement 3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同，承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。 Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project 4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. 5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国际市场的一种方式 Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are some times taken as a means of entering a foreign market. （二） 1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念，区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。 GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country's income. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place 2.要估评某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents. 3.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域，高收入国家、中等收入国家和低收入国家 Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle income and low income 4.中国现在的年人均收入为1100 美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。 China with an annual per capita income of over $1100 is a middle income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago. 5.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎，东盟国家，俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. Those are countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China. （三） 1.过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越严重。 The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration. 2 经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应适用同一的货币。 The members of an economic union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc, but also use the same currency. 3 欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the EU. It is the body which puts proposals to the Council of Ministers for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty 4APEC 建立与在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。当时有12 位成员国出席，分别是澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、朝鲜、新西兰和东盟六国。APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australia capital Canberra attened by 12members of Australia，the united states，canada，japan，republic of korea，new zealand and six ASEAN countries. 5 著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991 年建立的。 The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Area, the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and
Unit 1 1、take place __________ 2、beauty n. __________ 3、harvest n. & vt. & vi. __________ 4、celebration n. __________ 5、hunter n. __________ 6、starve vi. & vt. __________ 7、origin n. __________ 8、religious adj__________ 9、△seasonal adj. __________ 10、ancestor n. __________ 11、Obon n. __________ 12、grave n. __________ 13、incense n. __________ 14、in memory of __________ 15、Mexico n. __________ 16、feast n. __________ 17、△skull n. __________ 18、bone n. __________ 19、△Halloween n. __________ 20、belief n. __________ 21、dress up __________ 22、trick n. vt. __________ 23、play a trick on __________ 24、poet n. __________ 25、△Columbus Day __________ 26、arrival n. ；__________ 27、Christopher Columbus__________ 28、gain vt__________ 29、independence n. __________ 30、independent adj. __________ 31、gather vt. & vi.&n__________. 32、agriculture n. __________ 33、agricultural adj. __________ 34、award n.vt. __________ 35、△produce n. __________ 36、rooster n.__________ 37、admire vt. __________ 38、energetic adj. __________ 39、look forward to __________ 40、△carnival n. __________ 41、△lunar adj. __________ 42、Easter n.__________ 43、△parade n. __________ 44、day and night __________ 45、clothing n. __________
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff 配额和关税 Government intervention 政府干预 Zero-sum game 零和博弈 Positive-sum game 常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论 The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论 Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论） Economies of scale 规模经济 Diminishing returns 收益递减规律 Green revolution 绿色革命 Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制 Deposit 佣金 First mover advantage 先占优势 Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit 信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft 即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票） Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易 Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口） Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差） It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损） Absolute Advantage 绝对优势 Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it 亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势 According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品 The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free Trade The Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势 The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易 1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。 2. To Consumer: Welfare from Free Trade自由贸易福利: low price of imports and more consumption 低价格的进口更多的消费 Comparative Advantage比较优势 Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in the production of those goods they produce most efficiently and buy goods that they produce less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that they could produce more efficiently at home李嘉图的比较优势理论认为一个国家分工生产最有效率的产品，而从别国购买自己生产效率相对较低的产品，
商务英语综合2汉译英整理
Unit 1 1.我不愿意告诉你，但是如果三个月内我们不能招揽到更多的顾客的话，归根结蒂的问题是公司将面临倒闭。(go out of business) I hate to tell you this,but if we don’t get more customers the next three months,the bottom line is that we’ll go out of business. 2.当局可能会对户外广告的副作用加以干预，但是，这并不意味着该禁令在法律上的合理性。它阻碍了我们的企划方案。(be concerned with) The authorities might be concerned with the side effects of the outdoor ads,but this does not mean the ban is legally justifiable.It has hindered us from scheduling our projects. 3.复杂的革新金融体系固然容易遭受破坏，但是单一、严格管制的金融体系势必导致经济发展迟缓。(susceptible) A sophisticated and innovative financial system is susceptible to destructive booms;but a simple,tightly regulated one will condemn an economy to grow slowly. 4.布什总统说他了解很多美国人都担心未来经济的发展，持续不稳定的房地产市场存在风险，使更多人面临失业危险。(in jeopardy) President Bush says he knows many Americans are concerned about the future of the economy,with the risk that continued instability in the housing market could put more jobs in jeopardy.
《国际商务英语》串讲 A abroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传absence n. 缺席，离开 absent adj. 不在，不参与absenteeism n. （经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v. 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响abstract n. 摘要 access n. 接近（或进入）的机会，享用权v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n. 设施，住宿account n. 会计帐目 accountancy n. 会计工作accountant n. 会计 accounts n. 往来帐目account for 解释，说明 account executive n. （广告公司）客户经理*accruals n. 增值，应计 achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到*acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj. 代理的activity n. 业务类型 actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应 adjust v. 整理，使适应administration n. 实施，经营，行政 administer v. 管理，实施adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告ad n. 做广告，登广告 advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业 after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人，经纪人allocate v. 分配，配给 amalgamation n. 合并，重组ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心 *amortise v. 摊还analyse v 分析，研究 analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员 annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting （AGM）股东年会anticipate v. 期望anticipated adj. 期待的 appeal n. 吸引力apply v. 申请，请求；应用，运用 applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请，施用，实施 appointee n. 被任命人appraisal n. 估量，估价 appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值*appropriate v. 拨出（款项） approve v. 赞成，同意，批准aptitude n. 天资，才能 *arbitrage n. 套利arbitration n. 仲裁 *arrears n. 欠帐assemble v. 收集，集合 assembly-line n. 装配线，流水作业线assess v. 评定，估价 asset n. 资产current asset n. 流动资产 fixed asset n. 固定资产frozen asset n. 冻结资产 intangible assets n. 无形资产liquid assets n. 速动资产 tangible assets n. 有形资产assist v. 援助，协助，出席 audit n. 查账，审计automate v. 使某事物自动操作 意识；警觉awareness n. average n. 平均，平均水准 B n. 贿赂backhander n. backing 财务支持，赞助
基本句型汉译英练习主谓宾结构（一） 说明： 此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 翻译练习： 昨晚我写了一封信。 今天下午我想同你谈谈。 这本书他读过多次了。 他们成功地完成了计划。 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 他不知道说什麽好。 他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 我开窗户你在意吗？ 参考答案： 1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3.He has read this book many times. 4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently. 7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 8.Jim cannot dress himself. 9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 10.He did not know what to say. 11.He takes a cold bath every morning. 12.Do you mind my opening the window? 主谓宾结构（二） 说明： 此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。 1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。如， They carried out the plan successfully.我们还可以说， They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只能说 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully. 动副词组都可以这样用，如，point out（指出）, carry out（执行）, put forward（提出）, work out（做出，算出）, find out（找出）, give up（放弃）, give away（赠送，分发）,pick up（拣起）, put up（挂上）, 等。 2. 而含有介词at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如，look after（照顾）, look at（瞧）, look for（寻找）, belong to（属于）, refer to（参考，提及）, think of（考虑，评价）, send for（派人去请）, care for（喜欢）,suffer from（受…之苦）, deal with(对付，应付), object to（反对）, pay for（付…的钱）,等。即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of. in 在动词词组中用作副词，表示“在里面”，“往里进”，“在家”等意思。如，get in(收割),hand in（提交，交进）。 用作介词，表示“在…地点”，“在…范围”，“在…方面”。如，persist in(坚持)，succeed