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1、Each country has to import the articles and commodities it does not itself produce, and it has to earn foreign exchange to pay for them .It does this by exporting its own manufactured articles and surplus raw materials. (p1)每个国家都必须进口本国不生产的货物和商品，并要创收外汇以支付这些进口货物，这就要靠出口本国的制成品以及富余的原料。
2、Manufacturers have to quote firm prices for many months ahead, but they run the risk of having to buy their raw materials in six months’ time at a price higher tha n that on which they based today’s selling price. (p2)厂商必须报出今后好几个月的实盘价，他们不得不冒这样的风险，即在半年后买进的原料价格，会高于他们今天作为销售价格基础的原料价格。
3、What is especially notable is the current importance of trade inmanufactures and the declining importance of primary products. (p17)尤其值得注意的是，工业产品的重要形象日趋明显，而初级产品在世界贸易中的地位日渐减弱。
4、The relative size of trade is often measured by comparing the size of a country’s exports with its gross domestic product (GDP). Increases in the export/GDP ratio indicate that a higher percentage of the output of final goods and services produced within a country’s bor ders is being sold abroad. (p18)相对贸易额常常是由一国的出口总额与其他国内生产总值的比值所决定的。
国际商务英语课文翻译国际商务英语教程第三版课后答案导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“国际商务英语教程第三版课后答案”资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对 的支持!Lesson 2II1. In recent years, as the country’s vigorous economic development has facilitated its foreign trade, its total export and import value between 193 and 2003 increased by 20%, as compared with only 7.5% between 1982 and 1992.2. The greatly improved communications and transportation resulting from technological progress have speeded up the movements of merchandise, personnel and information between different countries and lowered operating costs, thus bringing about the rapid growth of internationalbusiness.3. Today fewer restrictions on the cross-border movements of merchandise and services imposed by governments of all countries enable these countries’residents to have access to goods and services at lower prices and make it possible for domestic enterprises to raise efficiency because of foreign competition.4. In order to support and facilitate international business, companies and governments have developed relevant services such as the establishment of bank credit agreements, the conclusion of clearing arrangements and the enactment of the international postal agreement, thus ensuring the successful handling and growth of international business.5. Under the pressure of increased foreign competition, in order to maintain competitiveness and seek survival and development, companies have to extend their operations to international markets, respond to foreign sales opportunities and vigorously increase their international business.Lesson 3I.1. Large increase in industrial and agricultural production in manycountries and regions2. Lead to industrial countries’rapidly rising demand for food and rawmaterials3. The import volume of industrial products that has increased 15 times4. A drastically/sharply increased demand for agricultural exports fromdeveloping countries5. A decrease in the demand for natural raw materials such as cotton andnatural rubber.6. The development of the production of synthetic substitutes and anincrease in their output.7. Contribute to the industrial development and economic growth ofdeveloping countries8. The important beneficial effects that international trade has on theeconomic development of all countries9. be conducive to the development of less developedcountries’manufacturing and production of manufactured goods.10 stimulate and facilitate the international flow of capital betweendeveloped and developing nations11. The vehicle for the transmission of new technology and newmanagerial skill12. The less developed countries that have reaped major benefits frominternational trade.13. The relationship between international trade and long-run economicdevelopment14. Absorb advanced technology from developed nations at a faster rate. II.1. The emergence and development of international trade has promotedthe normal operation and constant expansion of all countries’process of reproduction, raise their levels of productive forces, contributed to the internationalization of production and capital and brought about the economicdevelopment in other fields.2. Focusing on the effects of exports on employment and income,Keynes and his followers hold that a trade surplus can expand means of payment, lower interest rates and spur a price increase and investment, thus contributing to the alleviation of a country’s domestic crisis and an increase in employment.3. Some other economists believe that the emergence and developmentof international trade can expand commodity markets, promote technological progress and an improvement in the process of production, spur an increase in output and contribute to a change in the structure of investment, thus leading to the development of the entire national economy. 4. The development of foreign trade achieved by developing countriesbrings about an increase in foreign exchange earnings and the introduction/ importation of advanced/ up-to-date foreign technology, which plays an important role in making good these countries’shortage of capital and promoting their technological progress.5. In the past years, along with absorbing foreign capital, China hasspared no effort to develop its foreign trade, imported large quantities of precision machinery and equipment and sophisticated technology, exported various kinds of industrial and agricultural products, thus greatly contributing to economic development and the achievement of socialist modernization.Lesson 4 II1．Nontariff trade barriers，which refer to the protectionist measurescharacterized by quantitative import restrictions，are used by developed countries and some developing countries to interfere with and impede the free flow of merchandise and services be．tween nations．2．Since the mid．1970s，as a result of the outbreak of the global economiccrises，accompanied by the intensification of contention for international markets, the developed countries have been forced to resort to nontariff trade barriers designed to restrict imports, in an attempt to overcome their difficulties．3．Like tariff trade barriers，nontariff trade barriers have the effects ofrestricting imports and bringing about price increases in the domestic market of an importing country，thus imposing a heavy burden on the people of Western developed countries. 4．In recent years, some trade policies and regulations carried out by theUnited States have discriminated against China and imposed severe restrictions on some of its exports to the United States．5．It is likely that in the future the United States and other Westerncountries will still impose restrictions 011 the exports of China’s textiles and other labor—intensive products，to which China will strongly(decidedly)0biect．Lesson 5II1. In order to move efficiently the goods to importing country, the export firm must perform three essential functions involving a series of activities in the export transaction.2. Before an export transaction is carried out, the exportermust either conduct a check on the new customer’s financial and credit standing through an international credit report or revise the old customer’s credit standing and payment record.3. As an important component of the export process, the exporter and importer negotiate the sales terms and conditions, the obligations of both parties, and other terms of the sales contract.4. An agreement that the exporter and importer have entered into on sales terms and conditions becomes a binding contract, which is a firm commitment that is acceptable to both buyer and seller after it is confirmed by both parties in writing.5. In the whole export process, the importer is often required to obtain an import license and sometimes also a foreign exchange permit in order that the goods conform to the importing country’s import regulations and smoothly reach the importer.Lesson 6II1．A sales channel in international trade refers to the process ofcirculation in which goods flow from a country’s producer to the foreign ultimate customer or user and to the intermediary commercial establishments through which title to goods is transferred．2. In the process of international commodity circulation，whether a saleschannel is unimpeded and highly efficient or not directly affects the turnover rate，profit and market share of goods．3．Acting as the export sales department for many manufacturers，anexport management company either purchases goods directly from manufacturers and then resells them overseas for its Own account Or operates on a commission basis．4．Acting as an independent sales agent on a case-by-case basis, an exporttrading agent on a case-by-company performs a sourcing or wholesale function between buyer and seller without assuming any responsibility to either party in a transaction．5．Local distributors in the host country are used by many manufacturersas a sales channel to facilitate foreign sales，since they are familiar with the host country’s market situation and its social and economic environments and are able to carry out the best market strategy and manage after-sale customer service．Lesson 7 II1. Trade terms are used to specify the structure of export prices and thedivision of responsibility and liability between the seller and the buyer with regard to procedures, cost and risks that are involved in delivering goods to the buyer by the seller.2. Under the CIF term, the seller must also provide a complete set ofshipping documents including transportation and insurance documents at his own expense.3. If we conclude business with you on CFR basis, how much can youreduce from your CIF price so that we can make a comparison (…so that we can compa re them)4. Will you please make us an offer for Forever Brand Bicycles 26”?Please quote your lowest CIF New York price based on a minimum order of 10,000 units.5. We can make the following offer:Article: HL 302 Drawer LockPrice: at U.S. $5 per piece EXW Shanghai Annual minimum order: 100,000 pieces Packing: in cartons Payment: by irrevocable L/C available by sight draft Delivery: 60 days after receipt of L/CRevision 1IV.1. In 1980, the average annual growth rate of low income developing countries’GDP was 5.9 percent, as compared with 3.5 percent of middle-income countries and 1.4 percent for industrialized countries.11。
第一单元名片1.2 Lead-in1.2.11）Harbin2）公司3）Century Village4）财务主任5）助理工程师6）名誉主席7）首席运营官8）传真9）邮政信箱10) 外销部经理1.2.3（略）1.7. Practice1.7.1 全部正确1.7.2 245 （1中改成“先高后低”；3中改成“之后”）1.7.31) senior advisor2) chief executive officer3) executive vice manager4) senior engineer5) technologist6) technician7) section chief8) division chief9) emeritus professor10) visiting professor11) special grade teacher12) research fellow13) chairman14) secretary general15) administrative chief of … Town16) physician-in-charge17) editor-in-chief18) accountant19) assistant to president20) commissioning editor1.7.41）North Shaoshan Road 或者Shaoshan Road (N).理由：如果简单地采用直译的办法将其翻译成Shaoshan Bei Road，则会让人产生一种错觉，认为其跟Shaoshan Road 没有关系，是不相干的路。
而通过灵活意译，则会更形象些。
2）Second Zhongshan Road理由：同上。
遇到数字加编号的路名、地名等，一般可以翻译为：序数词+路名。
3）Jiusan Society理由：单位、部门名称翻译成英语时，如果英语中缺乏对应的词，大多数情况下可以采用直译的办法。
商务英语课文翻译资料Lesson 1Modes of International Business国际商业模式When pursuing international business, private enterprises and governments have to decide how to carry out their business, such as what mode of operation to use. The following shows that a company has a number of modes from which to choose.在进行国际商务时，民营企业和政府必须决定如何展开他们的业务，比如使用什么操作方式。
下面展示了一个公司的一种选择模式。
MERCHANDISE EXPORTS and IMPORTS商品出口和进口Companies may export or import either goods or services. More companies are involved in exporting and importing than in any other international mode.公司可以出口和进口任何商品或服务。
与其他任何国际模式相比，越来越多的公司参与出口和进口业务。
This is especially true of smaller companies, even though they are less likely than large companies to engage in exporting. ( large companies are also more apt to engage in other forms of foreign operations in addition to exporting and importing. ) merchandise exports are tangible products – goods – sent out of a country ; merchandise imports are goods brought in.这种情况特别适合于较小的公司，尽管他们不太可能像大公司那样从事出口。
（大企业也更容易以其他形式从事出口和进口的海外业务。
）商品出口是有形资产–商品–输出到外国的过程;商品进口是商品的引进。
Because these goods can be seen leaving and entering a country , they are sometimes called visible exports and imports. The terms exports and imports frequently apply to merchandise, not service.因为这些商品可以看做输出和输入到一个国家，它们有时被称为有形出口和进口。
这个关于出口和进口的术语通常使用与商品，而不是服务。
When a Chinese contractor sends Phantom Menace action figures from China to the United States, the contractor exports and Hasbro imports. The action figures are exports for China and imports for the United States. For most countries, exporting and importing of goods are the major sources of international revenue and expenditures.当一个中国承包从中国向美国输出Phantom Menace的人物玩具时,承包商出口和Hasbro进口。
这个人物玩具从中国出口和从美国进口。
对大部分国家来说,进口和出口商品是国际收入和支出主要来源。
SERVICE EXPORTS and IMPORTS服务出口和进口Service exports and imports are nonproduct international earnings, the company or individualreceiving payment is making a service export. The company or individual paying is making a service import. Service exports and imports take many forms. In this section, we discuss the following sources of such earnings:服务出口与进口是无形产品的国际收益,公司或个人收取形成服务出口。
公司或者个人支付形成服务进口。
服务出口和进口有多种形式。
在这一节中,我们讨论如下收益来源: Tourism and transportation Performance of services Use of assets旅游与交通；服务性支付；可用资产When Lucasfilm exports films from the United States, the films travel internationally, as do Lucasfilm employees when they go abroad to promote the films. Let`s say that Lucasfilm sends its employees and films to Germany on Lufthansa, a German airline, and the employees stay in Germany for a few days.当卢卡斯影业从美国出口电影，卢卡斯的员工就要通过国际旅行到国外推销电影电影国际旅行一样。
让我们这么说,卢卡斯影业把他们的员工和电影送往德国汉莎航空公司,而员工在德国逗留几天。
Their payments to Lufthansa and thear expenses in Germany are service exports for Germany and service imports for the United States. International tourism and transportation are important sources of revenue for airlines, shipping companies, travel agencies, and hotels. Some countries` economies, too, depend heavily on revenue from these economic sectors.他们的付款给德国汉莎航空公司的费用在德国是服务出口和在美国是服务的进口。
国际旅游、运输收入的重要来源是航空公司、船舶、旅行社、及酒店。
某些国家的经济在很大程度上依赖于这些经济部门。
For example, in Greece and Norway, a significant amount of employment, profits, and foreign-exchange earnings comes from foreign cargo that is carried on ships owned by citizens of those countries.例如,在希腊和挪威,大量的就业、利润以及外汇收入是来自这些国家的公民拥有的船舶进行外国货物的运输。
Earnings from foreign tourism are more important for the Bahamian economy than are earnings from the export of merchandise. Similarly, in recent years the United States gas earned more from foreign tourism than from its exports of agricultural goods.巴哈马的更重要的经济来源是外国旅游业收入，超过了商品出口。
同样，最近几年美国天然气赚取更多的外国旅游而不是农产品的出口。
Performance of Services Some services – anking, insurance, rentals ( sch as of Star Wars films ), engineering management services, and so on – net companies earnings in the form of fees, that is, payments for the performance of those services.经营银行、保险、租赁（像影片《星球大战》的租赁）、工程、经营管理服务等服务性事业的那些公司净得服务费形式的收入，即对它们完成那些服务性活动所支付的款项。
On an international level, for example, companies pay fees for engineering services that are often handled through turnkey operations – construction, erformed under contract, of facilities that are transferred to the owner when they are ready to egin operating.例如，从国际角度来看，公司对常常通过统包式业务进行的工程方面的服务支付服务费，而统包式业务就是根据合同进行设施的建造，这些设施在准备开始运转时转移给物主。
Companies also pay fees for management contracts –arrangements in which one company provides personnel to perform general or specialized management functions for another company. Disney receives management fees from managing theme parks in France and Japan.公司还管理合同支付费用- 安排在其中一个公司提供的人员为另一家公司执行一般或专门的管理职能。
