指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词
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名代和形代的用法在汉语中,名词代词和形容词代词被称为名代和形代。
名代和形代在语言表达中起着重要的作用,能够简洁明了地表达出人、事、物的名称、性质、状态等信息。
在语言学中,名代和形代也被称为代词,是语言学中的重要概念。
一、名代的用法名代是指代替名词的代词,通常用来指示人或事物的名称、身份、数量等。
名代的使用可以简化语言表达,使得表达更加简洁明了。
在汉语中,名代的使用非常广泛,可以分为人称代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词和反身代词等几种。
1. 人称代词人称代词是指用来代替人的代词,包括第一人称、第二人称和第三人称三种。
第一人称代词用来代替说话人自己,如我、我们;第二人称代词用来代替听话人,如你、你们;第三人称代词用来代替除说话人和听话人以外的人或事物,如他、她、它、他们、她们、它们。
2. 指示代词指示代词是指用来指示人或事物的代词,包括近指代词和远指代词两种。
近指代词用来指示离说话人较近的人或事物,如这、这个、这些;远指代词用来指示离说话人较远的人或事物,如那、那个、那些。
3. 疑问代词疑问代词是指用来提问的代词,包括何、谁、什么、哪、哪里、哪儿等。
疑问代词常常用来引导疑问句,询问人或事物的名称、身份、性质等。
4. 不定代词不定代词是指代替不确定的人或事物的代词,包括一些、几个、有的、任何、谁都、什么都等。
不定代词可以用来表达数量、范围等信息,用法比较灵活。
5. 反身代词反身代词是指用来表示动作的主体和宾语是同一个人或事物的代词,包括自己、自身、亲身等。
反身代词常常用来表示自己的动作或自己的身份。
二、形代的用法形代是指代替形容词的代词,通常用来描述人或事物的性质、状态、特征等。
形代的使用可以简化语言表达,使得表达更加简洁明了。
在汉语中,形代的使用比较少,主要包括几种。
1. 形容词代词形容词代词是指用来代替形容词的代词,包括好、坏、高、矮、重、轻等。
形容词代词通常用来描述人或事物的性质、状态、特征等。
初中英语代词分类三、代词:1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。
21、I often go shopping on Sundays.我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil (他们是巴西人吗) / Where have they gone (他们上哪儿去了) / That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他!)2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
如:Who teaches you English this year (今年谁教你们的英语) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than 或as 之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。
如:--Who is it (是谁) –It’s I/me.(是我。
) 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you →he →I ”的顺序表达。
如:Both he and I are working at that computer company .(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there (谁要去那儿) –You and me .(你和我)人称代词it 除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
如:--What’s the weather like today (今天天气怎样)—It ’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time (几点啦) –It ’s 12:00.(12点) / It ’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well .(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)31Is that your umbrella (那是你的伞吗) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books .(是他们的书)2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。
代词一:指示代词1.指示代词有this , that , these , those , such , same.2.指示代词的用法:(1).that 常用来代替前面出现的人.事. 物,以免重复.that代替可数名词和不可数名词;those可代替复数名词.2.指示代词的用法:(1).that 常用来代替前面出现的人.事.物,以免重复.that代替可数名词和不可数名词;those可代替复数名词.(2). 在打电话时,英语中常用this代替自己,that代替对方.例如:A: May I speak to Mr. Zhang, please?B: This is Zhang Ming speaking. Who’s that.(3). Such表示“如此,这样的人或事”.I have never seen such an interesting film before.(4). Same 表示“ 同样的人和物”,前面必须加the.例如:They arrived there at the same time.Lucy and Lily are in the same class.They do the same thing everyday.经典例析1.The weather in Australia is quite different from ___ of Shijiazhuang.A. itB. thatC. thoseD. ones2. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than __ made in America.A. onesB. thoseC. thatD. it3.Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be ____ manypoor people ?A. such ; suchB. such ; soC. so ; soD. so ; such4. ---Hello! May I speak to Jim, please?--- Speaking. ___________?A. how are youB. Is that MikeC. are you JimD. who are you5. There are more people in Shanghai than in Tianjin. (同义句)The ____________ of shanghai is _______ than ______ of Tianjin.6. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.(同义句)I have _______ read _______ an interesting book before.二:不定代词1.不定代词主要有: each , every , both,all , either , neither , none , one , few ,a few , little , a little, many , much, other , another , some , any , no 以及some , any, no 和thing构成的合成词.不定代词的用法(1). Some , any , something , anything① Some和something多用于肯定句中.当说话人期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时,some , something可用于疑问句中,而不用any 和anything.例如:②any和anything一般用于否定句.疑问句和条件句中.例如:1. Please ask the teacher if you have any questions to ask.2.There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.3. He is taller than any other boy in his class.注意事项1.形容词或不定式修饰不定代词时,作后置定语.★Be quiet ! I have something important to tell you.2. 不定代词作主语时谓语用单数.★Listen ! Someone is singing in the next room.3.Nothing表示否定,表示“什么事都没有”.等于not…anything. 反意疑问句使用肯定.He knew nothing about the accident, did he ?The police found nothing in the room.=The police didn’t find anything in the room.3.Nothing表示否定,表示“什么事都没有”.等于not…anything. 反意疑问句使用肯定.He knew nothing about the accident, did he ?The police found nothing in the room.=The police didn’t find anything in the room.1.I have some questions to ask you.2.There is something wrong with my watch. It doesn’t work.3.---Would you like something to drink ?--- No, thanks.4.---May I ask you some questions ?---Certainly. What’s it ?5.---Can I have some meat ?---Sure, here you are.三:经典例析1.Be quiet, boys and girls . I have ____to tell you.A. important somethingB. something importantC. anything importantD. important anything2. ---I feel a bit hungry.---Why don’t you have ____ bread?A. anyB. someC. littleD. a3. The teacher said nothing at the meeting yesterday .(同义句)The teacher ______ say __________ at the meeting yesterday.(2). each 和everyeach指两者或两者当中的人或事物中的每一个.every指三者或三者当中的每一个.each “每个,各,各自的”,强调个体;every强调整体,表示“每个都”.★There are many trees and flowers on each side of the street.★Every student has read this story.经典例析1.---How often are the Olympic Gams held?---______ four years.A. EveryB. EachC. InD. For2.There are many trees on ____ side of the street.A. allB. everyC. neitherD. each(3).both 和all ; neither 和either,both 表示“两者都”,常和and连用,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.all指“三者或三者以上的全体”.例如:Both mother and father are teachers.They all like this story.either指“两个之间,其中的一个”,常和or搭配使用:either …or…意为“不是……就是; 或者……或者”.而neither是指“两个人或事物中一个也不”,是both 的全盘否定,常和nor搭配.either…or…和neither…nor…连接的并列结构作主语时,谓语坚持就近原则★Neither people nor plants can live without water or air.★There is only one seat here, either you or I can take it.经典例析1.They were all asleep. _____ of themheard the sound.A. AllB. BothC. NoneD. Neither2.Both of them are right.(同义句)_________ of them _____ wrong.3.All of us have been to Shanghai. (否定句)______ of us ____ been to Shanghai.4. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars.____ of them have set a good example to us.A. AllB. NeitherC. BothD. None5.---Can you come and give us a talk on Thursday or Friday?---I’m afra id ____ day is possible.A. eitherB. neitherC. everyD. any6.---May I use your pen?---Yes, here are two and you can use _____ of them.A. bothB. everyC. anyD. either7. Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk ?___, thanks. I’d just like a cup of tea.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None8. They were all tired, but _____ of them stopped to have a rest.9. I have two watches, but __ of them works well.A. bothB. allC. neitherD. none10. ---When shall we meet again, this Sunday or next Sunday ?--- _____ time is OK.A. EitherB. AnyC. AnotherD. One(4) few , a few ; little , a little,few , a few 修饰可数名词,little, a little修饰不可数名词. Few , little 表示否定,意为“几乎没有”,a few , a little 表示肯定,意为“有一些”.例如:I can’t buy the dress because I havejust a little money.Few people can live to be 150 years.经典例析1. Kate is a nice girl. She says _____ but do much.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little2. I have a little good friends in our class.(改错)3. There is little water in the bottle, ___ _______? (补全反意疑问句)4. Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,________?A. don’t theyB. do theyC. didn’t theyD. did they5. My uncle is so busy that he has ___time to have a good rest.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little6. ____ of them can arrive in time, can they ?A. FewB. A fewC. LittleD. A little(5).other , others ,another , the other①other 泛指“另外的或其它的人和物”, 常做定语.例如:★ I don’t like this color, have you got any other colors?②Others泛指“另一些人和物”,相当于名词性物主代词.例如:★ Study harder, or you’ll fall behind the others.③another泛指三者.三者以上不定数目中的“另一个”,只可修饰或代替单数名词.例如:★ Would you like another cake?★ Could you please show me another pair?④the other特指“两者中的另一个人或物”.常和one对照使用, one …the other …一个……另一个…….★I have two pencils , one is long , the other is short.不可不记another +基数词+复数名词=基数词+more+复数名词,another和more表示“还,再……”,但当基数词是one时,名词要用单数.例如:★I want to have another two apples.★I want to have two more apples.经典例析1. I have finished this book, can you lend me ______?A. two more booksB. two another booksC. more two booksD. two books another2.I have two brothers. One is a doctor. _______ is a teacher.A. otherB. the otherC. othersD. another3. Have you finished your homework?Not yet. I think it will take ____ ten minutes.A. otherB. othersC. anotherD. more4.Shanghai is the largest city in China(同义句)Shanghai is ______ than ____ ____ city in China.四:疑问代词疑问代词who, whom, whose , what 和which都是用来构成特殊疑问的.who 通常作主语和表语,whom作宾语.What可用来提问职业.人口.价格.年龄.颜色.日期.星期.高度和尺寸的大小.经典例析1.---_______ is your favourite athlete?--- Liu Xiang.A. WhoseB. WhomC. WhoD. Which2. ---_____ does your father look like?--- He is tall and thin.A. WhatB. WhereC. WhoD. Which3. ---______ man is your father ?---The one in a white shirt.A. WhoB. WhatC. WhoseD. Which4.The man who is watering the flowers is my uncle.(划线提问)_____ _____ is your uncle ?5. The watch is 180 Yuan.(划线提问)______ is the _______ of the watch?五:关系代词1.Who 是主格,只可指认。
代词指示代词(一)指示代词是具有指示概念的代词this这;that那;these这些;those那些;such如此的;same同样的(二)指示代词的用法(1)this、that、these、those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(2)such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。
such “这样”,such a 这样一个,such as 像这样的…。
(3)same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。
例如:1)That is our English teacher. (主语)2)This storybook is thicker than that one. (定语)3)I prefer this (these) to that (those). (宾语)4)What he like best is this/that? (表语)5)I have never read such an excited book. (定语)6)I like such sports as basketball and swimming. (定语)7)Such is our trip plan. (主语) (指上文提到过或刚说过的内容)。
8)She wants the book and I want the same. (宾语)9)We were born on the same day. (定语)注意:1)this、these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物,可以与here 连用;that、those 指空间上离说话人较远的人或物,可以与there 连用。
2)打电话或其他场合,看得到的一方用this 或these. 反之用that 或those。
3)such 作定语时,如名词前有不定冠词,则用such a/an + 名词。
在same 之前必须加冠词the.。
疑问代词1.Who 用于询问别人姓名,身份或关系。
What 用于询问别人职业。
初中英语9类代词用法汇总(附例句)代词的分类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等。
1、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
(1)主格用来作句子的主语、表语。
I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物)Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?)Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?)It’s he!(是他!)(2)宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?)Help me!(救救我!)We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)(3)人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。
–It’s I/m e.(是我。
)(4)三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。
Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班)–Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?)–You and me.(你和我)(5)人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
--What’s the time?(几点啦?)–It’s 12:00.(12点)It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路)It took him three days to clean his house..(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间)It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空)2、物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
代词的作用及常见使用场景代词是指代其他名词或名词性短语的词语,其作用在于简化表达、避免重复以及提高文章的连贯性和流畅性。
在日常使用中,我们经常会遇到各种代词,并在不同的语境中灵活运用。
本文将从代词的基本分类和作用入手,探讨代词在不同场景中的使用。
一、代词的基本分类和作用代词根据其指代对象的不同,可以分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词等。
它们在句子中扮演着不同的角色和起到不同的作用。
1. 人称代词:人称代词用来代替人或事物的名称,在交流中起到简化表达的作用。
常用的人称代词有I, you, he, she, it, we, they等。
例如:- I love reading novels. → 我喜欢读小说。
- She is my best friend. → 她是我最好的朋友。
2. 物主代词:物主代词用来表示所属关系,代替名词性短语中的所有格形式。
常用的物主代词有my, your, his, her, its, our, their等。
例如:- This is my book. → 这是我的书。
- Their house is big. → 他们的房子很大。
3. 指示代词:指示代词用来指示特定的人或事物,帮助读者准确理解句子所指的对象。
常用的指示代词有this, that, these, those等。
例如:- This is a beautiful flower. → 这是一朵美丽的花。
- Those are my keys. → 那些是我的钥匙。
4. 疑问代词:疑问代词用来提问特定的人或事物,帮助读者获取信息或启动对话。
常用的疑问代词有who, what, which, where, when, why 等。
例如:- Who is that girl? → 那个女孩是谁?- What is your favorite color? → 你最喜欢的颜色是什么?5. 关系代词:关系代词用来连接主句与从句,起到提高句子连贯性和减少重复的作用。
代词种类:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,相互代词,指示代词,疑问代词,关系代词,不定代词1.人称代词personal pronouns主格:I you he she it they we宾格:me you him her it them us2.物主代词possessive pronouns形容词性~:my your his her its t heir our名词性~:mine yours his hers its theirs ours3.反身代词reflexive pronounsMyself yourself himself ......4.相互代词reciprocal pronounsEach other , one another5.指示代词demonstrative pronounsThis that these those such same6.疑问代词interrogative pronounsWho whom whose which what ..7.关系代词relative pronounsWho that which ....8.不定代词infinitive pronounsSome something any anything anyone much little few all one both......1.2.3.略四、反身代词的用法1)定义:如人称代词一致,反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。
2)反身代词的句法功能反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。
用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。
如:He himself was a doctor. (同位语) =He was a doctor himself.She is too young to look after herself. (宾语) I don't blame you, I blame myself(宾语). He cut himself when he was cooking.(宾语) That poor boy was myself.(表语)那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
代词:(人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,相互代词,指示代词,疑问代词,不定代词)-复合不定代词somebody someone somewhere somethinganybody anyone anywhere anythingno body no one nothingeverybody everyone everywhere everything-相互代词表示相互关系的代词只有两个each other彼此one another相互each other’s help (one another’s) help 相互间的帮助-指示代词this these that those such so same itsuch这样的人/物(具有名词和形容词的性质,主语宾语表语定语等)用于预指上下文时,such that结构中The damage was such that it would cost too much money to repair.损坏的很严重,要用很多钱才能修好。
such... that如此...以至于...This is such a heavy box that I can’t move it.such... asHe’s not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。
与all no few some any several many one 这样的词连用时,放到这些词的后面all such book 所有着这样的书no such books 没有这样的书several such books几本这样的书all of such books (x)a few of such books(x)some of such books(x)several of such books (v)one(two) of such books(v)So 也可以用作指示代词,I think so.I believe so.I was told so. 别人就是这样告诉我的。
一.英语代词1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。
2、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。
如:I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil(他们是巴西人吗) / Where have they gone(他们上哪儿去了)/ That’s it.(就那么回事)/ It’s he!(是他!)2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
如:Who teaches you English this year(今年谁教你们的英语) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。
如:--Who is it(是谁)–It’s I/me.(是我。
)三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。
如:Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there(谁要去那儿) –You and me.(你和我)人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
如:--What’s the weather like today(今天天气怎样)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time(几点啦)–It’s 12:00.(12点) / It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空)/ We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)3、物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
英语代词的分类和用法摘要英语代词是用来代替名词或其他词类的词,它们可以根据其意义和用法分为以下八种:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词和不定代词。
本文将介绍这八种代词的定义、形式、功能和用法,并给出一些例句和表格来帮助理解和记忆。
一、人称代词人称代词是用来指代人或事物的代词,它们有单复数和主宾格之分。
主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语或同位语。
下表列出了人称代词的形式:单数主格宾格第一人称I me第二人称you you第三人称he/she/it him/her/it复数主格宾格第一人称we us第二人称you you第三人称they them例如:He likes playing football, but she prefers basketball. 他喜欢踢足球,但她更喜欢篮球。
They invited us to their party, but we didn't go with them. 他们邀请我们去他们的聚会,但我们没有和他们一起去。
二、物主代词物主代词是用来表示所属关系的代词,它们分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词用作定语,修饰名词;名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语、表语或定语,后面不跟名词。
下表列出了物主代词的形式:单数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称my mine第二人称your yours第三人称his/her/its his/hers/its复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称our ours第二人称your yours第三人称their theirs例如:This is my book, and that is your book. 这是我的书,那是你的书。
The book is mine, not yours. 这本书是我的,不是你的。
He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。
三、反身代词反身代词是用来表示动作的执行者和承受者是同一人或事物的代词,也可以用来加强语气。
小学英语语法知识代词(不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词)不定代词用法和例词1.one代单数人或物,ones代替复数人或物,it代替同一事物,one代替同类事物,one可以有this,that,the,another,either,neither,which等词语修饰2.other,another,the other,the others,others①another用在单数名词前,可以单独使用②the other只能用于两者中的另一个③other不能单独使用④the others=the other+名词复数,表示特指某些⑤others=other+名词复数,非特指⑥列举三者用:one…another…the other/the third…⑦each other两者的互相,one another两者以上的互相3.some,any“一些”,some用在肯定句,any用在否定句疑问句,请求、邀请、委婉的问句中用some,肯定句中的any表示“任何”4.both,all“都”,both“两者都”,all“两者以上都”5.each,every“每个”,each整体中的每一个,两个中的每一个,every 整体,两个以上的每一个,只能用作形容词,不能用作代词,因此every 后面不用of6.few,a few,little,a little“一些,一点”,few,a few用在可数名词前, little,a little用在不可数名词前;few,little表示否定,a few,a little表示肯定,few的比较级和最高级是fewer/fewest,little的比较级和最高级是less/least7.much,many“许多”,much用在不可数名词前,many用在可数名词前,肯定句口语中多为a lot of/lots of8.either,neither,any,none中的either,any是肯定,neither,none 是否定,either表示“两者中的任何一个”,neither表示“两者中的任何一个不”,any表示“两者以上的”,none表示“两者以上的不,没有任何人或物”9.all,both,each在be动词后面,其他动词前面10.no one只用于表示人,可数名词;nothing只用于表示物,不可数名词;none表示人或物,可数、不可数皆可,none后可接of,no one和。
可以单独使用This is Jenny. I don’t want this. I like that a lot.也可以后面加名词(在语法意义上可以用the代替)I don’t like that pencil box.These books are too old to sell.不定代词数量不明,或详细情况不明的时候我们用不定代词some, any, no, every, each, all, many, much, few, little, a few, a little, something, anyone1.any some noany: 一些/任何+名词some: 一些+不可数名词/复数名词no: 没有+名词2.both all 动词用复数both: 两个都all: 所有(三个以上)3.every each 动词用单数every:每一个each:每一个4.much manymuch:很多+不可数名词many:很多+复数名词5.few,a few,little,a littlefew:几乎没有+复数名词a few:有一点+复数名词little:几乎没有+不可数名词a little:有一点+不可数名词总结:do a survey________________ do exercises _______________ do my homework________________ drink some water________________ drive a car________________ drive me home________________ drive him away________________ help each other_______________ have/ eat lunch_____________ enjoy myself________________ every day________________ excuse me________________ fall asleep__________ fall off the wall________________ far away from school___________________打电话给我的朋友____________________ 打扫教室___________________ 鼓掌__________________ 爬树____________ 回到学校____________________ 借给我十元________________来自美国________________买给他一支铅笔________________________ ________________________1.The cap is ______.(he)2.This is _____ cap.(I)3.They lost _____ way.(they)4.This is her bag. That is ______.(you)5.______books are over there.(you)6.Look at ____(I), ______ am the host. (I)7.Yesterday, I did my homework by______.(I)8.______cleaned our classroom by _________ the day before yesterday. (us)9.The cat catches mice by _____.( it )10.She washed the clothes by________.(she)进门考:打电话给我的朋友____________________ 打扫教室___________________ 鼓掌__________________ 爬树____________ 回到学校____________________ 借给我十元________________来自美国________________买给他一支铅笔________________________ ________________________1.The cap is ______.(he)2.This is _____ cap.(I)3.They lost _____ way.(they)4.This is her bag. That is ______.(you)5.______books are over there.(you)6.Look at ____(I), ______ am the host. (I)7.Yesterday, I did my homework by______.(I)8.______cleaned our classroom by _________ the day before yesterday. (us)9.The cat catches mice by _____.( it )10.She washed the clothes by________.(she)进门考:打电话给我的朋友____________________ 打扫教室___________________ 鼓掌__________________ 爬树____________ 回到学校____________________ 借给我十元________________来自美国________________买给他一支铅笔________________________ ________________________1.The cap is ______.(he)2.This is _____ cap.(I)3.They lost _____ way.(they)4.This is her bag. That is ______.(you)5.______books are over there.(you)6.Look at ____(I), ______ am the host. (I)7.Yesterday, I did my homework by______.(I)8.______cleaned our classroom by _________ the day before yesterday. (us)9.The cat catches mice by _____.( it )10.She washed the clothes by________.(she)1.What are ________ over there?---They are dogs.A. thisB. thoseC. that2._________is a cat. Its tail is long.A. thisB. thoseC. these3.There is not _______ water in the bottle.A. anyB. someC. noD. a4.There are_______apples in the basket.A. anyB. muchC. manyD. every5.I don’t have ______ questions to ask.A. anyB. someC. manyD. a6.There are______ eggs in the paper bag.A. muchB. littleC. a littleD. a few7.There is not _______ time left(剩下).A. muchB. fewC. manyD. a8.I have ______ orange dress.A.aB. anC. manyD. /9.Tom, ________ is my friend, Amy.A. itB. thisC. thoseD. I10.________ are our books.A. TheB. ThisC. ThoseD. That11.These shirts are _______.A. hisB. herC. myD. your12.What’s this?----_______ a bad appleA. It’sB. This isC. /D. These are13.Whose bike is it? ---It’s______ bike.A. hisB. hersC. mineD. yours14.Every student ______ a pencil in their pencil box at least.A. haveB. hasC.areD. is15.______ of you can eat here.A. EveryB. EachC.NoD. /16.This _____ our desks.A. areB. haveC. hasD. isn’t17.I have _____ new pencils.A. someB. anyC. allD. muchdo a survey________________ do exercises _______________ do my homework________________ drink some water________________ drive a car________________ drive me home________________ drive him away________________ help each other_______________ have/ eat lunch_____________ enjoy myself________________ every day________________ excuse me________________ fall asleep__________ fall off the wall________________ far away from school__________________________________五天作业要求:写作业前要复习讲义;作业每天按量来做;每天及时上传群里;第二天老师批改完后,要及时改正,英语贵在坚持。
代词的种类和指代关系代词是指代名词或名词短语的词语,它可以在文中起到替代名词的作用。
在语言表达中,代词的种类和指代关系起着非常重要的作用。
以下将介绍代词的种类和指代关系,并讨论它们在语言交流中的应用。
一、人称代词人称代词是指代人或事物的代词,根据与说话者、听话者以及与说话者与听话者之间的关系,可分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称代词。
1. 第一人称代词:我、我们第一人称代词指代说话人自己,用于表示说话人的身份和立场。
例如:“我喜欢唱歌。
”、“我们在一起度过了美好的时光。
”2. 第二人称代词:你、您第二人称代词代表与说话人进行交流的对象,用于表示对方的身份和立场。
例如:“你可以帮我吗?”、“您需要什么帮助?”3. 第三人称代词:他、她、它、他们、她们、它们第三人称代词用于指代与说话人和听话人以外的人或事物。
例如:“他正在读书。
”、“她们是我的好朋友。
”二、指示代词指示代词是用来指示、表示距离的代词,根据距离的近远,可分为近指代词和远指代词。
1. 近指代词:这、这个、这些近指代词用于指示离说话人较近的人或事物。
例如:“这本书很有趣。
”、“这些苹果是新鲜的。
”2. 远指代词:那、那个、那些远指代词用于指示离说话人较远的人或事物。
例如:“那辆车很漂亮。
”、“那些问题需要解决。
”三、疑问代词疑问代词是用来提问的代词,用于询问事物的性质、成分、数量等。
1. 谁:用于询问人的身份或身份特征。
例如:“谁来了?”、“你是谁?”2. 什么:用于询问事物的特征、性质或其他信息。
例如:“你在读什么书?”、“这是什么东西?”四、不定代词不定代词是指代泛指的代词,表示不确定或不具体的人、事、物以及数量。
1. 例示不定代词:一些、几个、许多例示不定代词用于泛指一些人或物的数量。
例如:“有一些学生在教室里。
”、“他买了几个苹果。
”2. 独立不定代词:所有、大多数、任何独立不定代词用于泛指整体或全部的人或物。
例如:“所有人都喜欢这个节目。
代词部分用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。
代词可分为:人称代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词等。
第一节知识点概述一、人称代词1.人称代词不仅仅指人,也可以指事或物。
2.人称代词主格单数he, she和it的复数,都是they,宾格形式也相同,为them。
3.第三人称的人称代词分阳性he(him),阴性she(her)和中性it(it),复数只有一个形式they (them),不分性别。
4.选用什么人称代词,取决于所要代替的名词。
在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。
二、物主代词物主代词是用来表示所有关系的,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。
形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语,相当于形容词;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,相当于名词,可以作主语、表语或宾语。
物主代词的用法:(1)形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。
例如:His pencil box is on the desk.This is our school.(2)名词性物主代词作名词用本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,因此,后面不可再加名词。
作主语:Richard’s school bag is blue and mine is black. 里查德的书包是蓝色的,我的书包是黑色的。
(mine=my school bag)作表语:It’s his. 这是他的(东西)。
作宾语:He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine. 他借你的字典,你可以借我的。
(作及物动词的宾语)“of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语,表示强调:He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。
·注意:试比较下面两句句子:This is a photo of mine. 这是我的一张照片。
(照片是我拥有的,但不一定照的是我本人)This is a photo of me. 这是一张我本人的照片。
初中英语语法——代词之指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词1 指示代词(1)this, that, these与those的用法① this/these表近指, that/those表远指。
this(单数)—these(复数), that(单数)—those(复数)eg:This is my watch. That is his watch.These are my books. Those are his books.②打电话时,常用“that”询问对方是“谁”,用“this”介绍自己。
如:—Hello, is that Lucy?—Hello, this is Lucy.(2 ) it, one与that 的用法辨析三个词都可代替上文出现的事物,避免重复,但用法也有不同,区别如下:① it 特指上下文提到的是同一个事物。
➢I can’t find my ticket. Where is it?我找不到我的票了,它在那里。
(it就指我丢的那一张票。
)② one 泛指上下文提到的是同类事物中的一个,同类不同物,其复数为ones。
➢I like your watch. I also want to buy one.我喜欢你的手表。
我也想买一个。
(one代替和你的手表同款的另一个)③ that常用于比较结构,代替不可数名词或单数名词,复数是those。
➢In winter, the weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.在冬天,北京的天气比上海的要更冷。
(that用于比较结构,代替前面weather)(3)it的用法汇总①指时间、天气或距离等➢It's eight o'clock now. It's time for class.➢It's getting hotter and hotter.➢It's five miles from my home to the school.②指谈话双方都知道的或都不知道的人或事➢—Who is knocking at the door?—It must be Li Lei. He said he would come tonight.④作形式主语或形式宾语➢It's important to study English well.➢We found it hard to finish the work on time.2 不定代词1. 常见的普通不定代词有:some,any,one,each, every, no, none,all,both,either, neither,many, much,a few,a little,other,another,the other 等。
代词指示代词(一)指示代词是具有指示概念的代词this这;that那;these这些;those那些;such如此的;same同样的(二)指示代词的用法(1)this、that、these、those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(2)such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。
such “这样”,such a 这样一个,such as 像这样的…。
(3)same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。
例如:1)That is our English teacher. (主语)2)This storybook is thicker than that one. (定语)3)I prefer this (these) to that (those). (宾语)4)What he like best is this/that? (表语)5)I have never read such an excited book. (定语)6)I like such sports as basketball and swimming. (定语)7)Such is our trip plan. (主语) (指上文提到过或刚说过的内容)。
8)She wants the book and I want the same. (宾语)9)We were born on the same day. (定语)注意:1)this、these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物,可以与here 连用;that、those 指空间上离说话人较远的人或物,可以与there 连用。
2)打电话或其他场合,看得到的一方用this 或these. 反之用that 或those。
3)such 作定语时,如名词前有不定冠词,则用such a/an + 名词。
在same 之前必须加冠词the.。
疑问代词1.Who 用于询问别人姓名,身份或关系。
What 用于询问别人职业。
2.Which 指的物有范围限制,侧重于哪一个;What 指的物无范围限制,侧重于种类。
3.Whose 用于明确所有者,Whom 在口语中,whom 多为who 代替。
1.What's this? .A. It's a breadB. It is a breadC. It's breadD. This's bread2.-____ is your sister? -She is a nurse.A. WhatB. WhichC. HowD. Who3 -___ color are your new shoes? -They are brown.A. AnyB. WhoseC. WhichD. What4.____ has happened and ____ did it?A. Who; whoB. What; whoC. What; whatD. Who; what5.-_____ is that man over there? -He's Mr Green.A. WhatB. WhichC. HowD. Who6.____ one do you like, the blue one or the red one?A. WhatB. WhichC. ThatD. This7.____ do you think you should help?A. WhoseB. WhichC. WhatD. Whom8.-I'll show you how to throw a frisby(飞盘). Throw ____ like ____A. it; thisB. this; itC. it; itD. this; this9.Someone is knocking at the door._______must be Tom. A.That B.lt C.He D.This10、This is Lucy speaking.Who's_______? A.you B.that C.this D.it11、-_______does jane look_____? -She's short and thin.A.Who;likeB.How;/C.What;likeD.What;/12、_______is the population of China? A.What B.That C.How many D.How不定代词用于代换上文中可数名词的all, both, each, either, none, neither ( every)等表示不定概念的词语考点要求1. 考虑表示“两者”还是“两者以上”:选用不定代词时,首先应根据上下文的关联以及句中某个关键词语对不定代词的限制,考虑其说明“两者”还是“两者以上”的人或物。
如说明“两者”,选用both、either、each或neither。
如说明“两者以上”,选用all、(every)、each或none。
e.g. The twin sisters are both good at math.None of the students in our class wants to go there.2. 考虑表示肯定还是否定:选用不定代词时,还应根据句子意义考虑应该使用表肯定的词语还是表否定的词语。
如说明肯定,使用all、both、either、each或(every)。
如说明否定,使用neither或none。
e.g. None of us wants more because we are all full.3. 考虑作限定词使用时同名词的关系:除none以外的不定代词都可用作限定词,其后所带的名词应考虑使用适当的形式。
all可带复数可数名词或不可数名词;both只能带复数可数名词;either、neither、each、every只能带单数可数名词。
不定代词作限定词使用时,用来表示总量关系,为前位限定词,应放在整个名词词组的最前面,其中all、both可同中位限定词和数词连用,但either、neither、each、every作限定词时,同其余限定词相排斥。
e.g All the students in our class are going to take part in the sports meeting.Every boy in our class is going swimming this afternoon.4. 考虑作主语时主谓一致性关系:不定代词作主语时,应考虑其说明单数还是复数,以便确定谓语动词是否应使用第三人称单数形式(-s形式)以及be动词使用单数还是复数。
both和all作主语时,看作复数,谓语动词不用-s形式,be动词用复数形式;either、each、neither单独作主语时,看作单数,谓语动词用-s形式,be动词用单数形式;either、each、neither、none同of一起构成词组作主语时,如of后带人称代词,一般将其看为单数,如of后带复数名词,既可看为单数,也可看作复数(初中英语中常看作单数)。
e.g All of the students are going hiking next weekend.Both of the twin brothers have been there several times.None of them is going to the movie tonight.Neither of the boys is / are going to watch the football match this afternoon.5、不定代词作同位语时的位置关系:不定代词作主语同位语时,应放在谓语动词前,特殊动词(情态动词、助动词)后;作宾语同位语时,应紧跟在宾语后。
e.g The students all went to the movie except Mike.We will all go to Beijing for vacation this summer.It’s necessary for us all to learn English well.Then mix it all up.6、every, each: 都有“每一个”的意思,但each 可指两个或两个以上的人或物,而every 只能指三个或三个以上的人或物。
every 是形容词,只能作定语,而each可以作代词和形容词, 因此既可作定语,也可作主语或同位语。
each 作主语的同位语时,主语和谓语动词均为复数。
例如:1)Each of us has got a new book. = We each have got a new book.2)Every student is doing his best at school.7、some, any: some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句或疑问句中。
但在表示请求、建议、反问的疑问句里,则用some。
而any用作“任何”解释时,可用于肯定句或条件从句中。
例如:1)Would you like some coffee or some tea?2)If you have questions, you can come any time.8、some thing表示一些事情,一些东西。
something表示某些事情,强调某些这个不确定性。
There must be something wrong with you.any thing用于疑问句氏,表示一些事情,一些东西。
Is there any thing there? anything表示任何事情,也是强调不确定性,多用于否定句式。
1.I wouldn't like anything that you give me.2.I don't want anything to eat.1、You may come to my house ____ this week ____ next week.A .neither; orB .from; toC .either;or D. either; nor2、I have two sisters.____of them are doctors.A. BothB. All C .Either D. Neither3、They are ____ the same size , so you may take ____ half of the cake.A. at; eachB. in; both C .at; neither D .in; either4、She stayed there longer than ____.A. anyone B .anything else C. anybody D .anybody else5、Mother often sees____on Sunday .A. her all friendsB. all her friendC. her friendsD. her all friend.6、He wants you to talk____about China.A .anythingB .nothing C. thing D .something7、Granny seems ill . Are you sure it's____?A .nothing serious B. anything serious C. serious nothing D. serious anything8、"When shall we meet next tame?" "__________ day is OK. "A.EitherB.neitherC.NoneD.Any9、There are quite a few old books on the shelf,,but______of them is useful to him.A.bothB.allC.NoneD.any10、The old men has_______friends.So he often feels lonely.A. fewB.a fewC.littleD.a little11、-Which do you prefer,a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?-_____,thanks.l'd like just a cup of tea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None12、______of then has a new dictionaryA.EveryB.EachC.AllD.Both13、His parents_______English teachers.A.both areB.are bothC.all areD.are all14、Here is a seat for________.A.both us bothC.both of usD.B and C15、-Do you like these computers? -No,I don't like_______.A.all themB.them allC.everyoneD.any16、-Which of yous parents is a doctor?-_______.They're_______teachers.A.Neither;allB.Neither;bothC.None;allD.None;both17、-Mum,do we have________meat at home? -No,we have_____left.A.enough; littleB.lots of; anyC.much; manyD.a few; few18、_______of you three men is kind enough to help you.A.AllB.AnyC.EitherD.Every19、I have little money,so I can't lend you_______.A.someB.anyC.fewD.many20、Will you give me_________matches? A.any B.some C.no D.many21、Why don't you read______easier?A.anythingB.some thingC.somethingD.any thing22、How many tigers did you see there?_______.A.NoneB.No one C .No many D.Not many ones23、I think______of these three stories are interesting.A.allB.bothC.eitherD.neither24、_______hands are very dirty?A.Both yourB.Both your twoC.Both of yoursD.Yours both25、There is a No.3 bus and a No.45 bus,_______will take you there.A.eachB.eitherC.allD.some26、_______of her parents is in good health.A.EitherB.BothC.AllD.None作业:1、I remember_______word he said to me. A.any B.both C.every D.each2、I'm hungry.I would like to have_________nice to eat.A.anyB.anythingC.somethingD.some3、Is___________here? -No.Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody4、-____________idea did you take? -John's.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhoseD.Where5、_______ of the girls plays tennis well.A. NeitherB. BothC. AllD. Some6、Have you _______ to tell us?A. important somethingB. something importantC. important anythingD. anything important7、______ of the students in our class has a ticket. A. Every B. Both C. Each D. All8、There are several books on the desk.. _____ of them is English.A. AllB. BothC. NoneD. Neither9、--- _______ is that boy? --- He’s my son.A. WhoB. WhomC. WhatD. Which10、There are many trees on ____side of the street.A. allB. bothC. everyD. each。