翻
译
理
论
与
实
践
散文的翻译技巧
——浅析张培基先生的《英译中国现代散文选》
姓名：陈茜
院别：湖南理工学院外国语言文学学院
班级：0805班
学号：14080701355
编号：20
散文的翻译技巧
——浅析张培基先生的《英译中国现代散文选》
陈茜
（湖南理工学院外国语言文学学院0805班学号14080701355 编号20）
摘要: 散文有其独到的特点，而英译散文更有很多需要注意的难点。于此，张培基先生的《英译中国现代散文选》中各种独到的翻译技巧无疑为后来者指明了道路，故本文试通过拜读张先生的著作来分析得出个中技巧以供参详。
关键词：散文、张培基、英译
The Translation Skills of Prose
——Brief study of the Selected Modern Chinese Prose
Writingstranslated in English by Professor Zhang Peiji Abstract：Prose has its special characteristics，so that more difficult points are existed when translating Chinese proses into English.For this condition，the Selected Modern Chinese Prose Writingstranslated in English by Professor Zhang Peiji provided guidance for laters without doubt.This thesis is trying to analyse its skill by reading the famous work for readers.
Key Words: prose、Zhangpeiji、translation
引言
张培基先生在译坛孜孜不倦地耕耘了50年，他的译著和专著在学术界有着广泛的影响，被国内外图书馆收藏。早在1992年，时任香港中文大学翻译系主任的金圣华女士就撰文"张培基教授"，称对张先生所著的《英语声色词与翻译》和《习语汉译英研究》两本书"印象十分深刻"。被许多高校选定为英语专业翻译课教材的《英汉翻译教程》也是由张先生主编的。《英译中国现代散文选》是一本不是教材的好教材,它为中国学者深入研究翻译理论与技巧提供了丰富多彩的典型实例。李明的《张培基先生的英译文《落花生》赏析》认为，张培基先生的英译文《落花生》在再现原文信息、体现原文功能方面为我们英译汉语散文树立了典范；朱曼华的《中国散文翻译的新收获》中说：“拜读之后笔者觉得张先生在处理‘增益’与‘删略’关系，‘表层语义’与‘潜层语义’关系，以及声色词语对应与非对应性关系等诸多方面出手不凡，均有独到之处。”故本文着重从张先生作品的内容和翻译中的“增益”与“删略”、跨句翻译以及“表层语义”与“潜层语义”方面来阐述对张先生作品的理解。
一：作品内容
《英译中国现代散文选》篇幅有限,但它几乎囊括了1919年“五四”运动以来中国一大批杰出作家寓意深邃的有一定代表性的散文作品。这些作家或名人包括李大钊、方志敏、鲁迅、郭沫若、胡适、叶圣陶、朱自清、郁达夫、柔石、萧红、
老舍、郑振铎、萧乾、冰心等等;也有至今仍在笔耕的文学巨匠如巴金、季羡林等等。如只拜读该作品英文部分，绝对会认为出自原篇英文散文而非英译过来的，可见张培基先生翻译功底之深厚。英译中国现代散文选》的推出对国人的翻译指导思想或翻译观念的更新也会起到先导作用。让世人了解中国,了解中国人民真实的思想感情,有条件的有识之士应多做些这方面的译介工作。张培基教授《英译中国现代散文选》问世的意义不可低估。
二：作品中体现的散文翻译技巧
（一）：增益与删略
在英汉翻译中，有时为了使表达更加准确、行文更加流畅或风格更加贴近的目的，我们必须增加原句表层没有出现的词汇或短语等，这就是增益法。反之则为删略。恰当地运用增益和删略会使译文详略得当，能展示译者的翻译底蕴。1、“昨晚上甜蜜的私语,今朝的冷清的露珠”
“Last night’s whisper s of love;thi s morning’s drops of cold dew”
译者用了“增益”“删略”互补的手法,译出了文中所“无”,如“love”;又割舍了文中所“有”,如“甜蜜的”,在潜层语义上实现了更完美的“统一”，使得很美的一句中文变成了更美的英语。
2、“他再三嘱咐茶房，甚是仔细。但他终于不放心，怕茶房不妥贴；颇踌躇了一会。”
“He urged the waiter again and again to take good care of me, but still did not quite trust him. He hesitated for quite a while about what to do.”
“甚是仔细”一句并没有明确译出，进行了删略，不过既然有again and again，信息已经到位了，就不拘泥于字对字。
3、“不要紧，他们去不好！”
“Never mind! It won’t do to trust guys like those hotel boys.”
很明显的，“他们去不好!”翻译成英文中多了很多成分，比如重复的guys和hotel boys，但这个增益又使得这句很口语化的句子更加传神，也让读者更加理解其中的意思。
4、“他给我拣定了靠车门的一张椅子；我将他给我做的紫毛大衣铺好座位。”“I spread on the seat the brownish fur-lined overcoat he got tailor made for me.”
讲明是“tailor made”，否则会使英语为母语的读者产生误解，造成信息传达不准确。可见汉译英中，适当的增益（即over translation）是很必要的。“紫毛大衣”的译法十分地道，可见翻译的真功夫。原作者强调“紫毛大衣”，背后有它的含义。有毛的，厚，暖和，这就是“紫毛大衣”的潜台词，并且是父亲给我做的，于是可见细致深沉的父爱蕴含其中。张先生的译法基本是直译的，并且小小发挥了一下，这样原文细节上的言外之意一点也没有损失。
5、“他嘱我路上小心，夜里要警醒些，不要受凉。”
“He told me to be watchful on the way and be careful not to catch cold at night.”
小心，警醒，其实是一个意思，于是该略则略，很灵活，使得整个文章看起来富有生机。
（二）：跨句翻译法
跨句翻译是指把若干汉语句子看作一个整体,将其译成一个或若干个英语句子的翻译技巧与方法。这些汉语句子本身或其小句在翻译时需要新调整,或拆、或拼,调整过程中还要注意小句的前后顺序。调整的对象包括子句、分句和句子形式等。跨句翻译法具有一定的表义功能和文体功能。跨句翻译法的运用包含独
立分句处理和依存分句处理两条原则。散文翻译样本的初步统计表明,译成并列句、时间状语从句和非限制性定语从句者居多。
6、到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼藉的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。
When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling down my cheeks.
原句是个典型的流水句，没有主语，谓语却多达五项，各个分句按时间逻辑铺排，之间除了“又、不禁”没有任何其他连接词。汉语流水句的翻译，应该把意念流纳入到英语的形式框架之中。观察译文可以发现，译者根据原句的逻辑成分，整理出原句清晰的逻辑思路，通过跨句翻译，改变了整个句子的语序，使其符合英语的习惯同时又没法改变其原意。
7、但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭呢？
Why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing?
单从结构看，张先生的译文用被动语态“why should I be made …”将句法进行调整，符合西方人的思维方式，能够更好地引起译文读者的共鸣。从语法角度看，而未明确主语的前提下用被动语态更佳。
8、事虽经纬万端,但综观全局,合则对国家有利,分则必伤民族元气Complicated as the matterwas, an overall view of the situation will show that unit-ed, the country and the nation benefit; divided they suf-fer。
此句的原译为“Though the matter was as complicated ascould be, an all_round view of the situation would showthat cooperation is beneficial to the country and nationwhile division is detrimental to them”，使原本精辟有力的原文显得苍白无力，张先生则用简练的手法表达了后半部的排比结构和韵味，跨句翻译的恰当运用使整个句子的气势出来了。
9、“他触目伤怀，自然情不能自已。情郁于中，自然要发之于外；家庭琐屑便往往触他之怒。”
“The discouraging sate of affairs filled him with an uncontrollable feeling of deep sorrow, and his pent-up emotion had to find a vent. That is why even mere domestic trivialities would often make him angry.”
原文分号之前被并成一句。这一句跨句翻译译得实在漂亮，完全跳出了原文的语序和结构，而是将几个短句重新组织，用符合英语习惯的句型和结构进行再创作。仔细推敲，又发现信息一点也没有损失。如此高质量的，如行云流水般流畅的译文，令人叹为观止，值得所有后来者好好推敲学习。
（三）：表层语义与潜层语义
每个词都有特定的语义成分，因此语义成分分析也被应用于翻译的控制研究，表层语义是字词在字典里的习惯性解释，而潜层语义则是长年累月的生活经验等总结出的内在含义，在特定环境下一个词有多种不同意义，所以在汉译英当中的潜层语义和表层语义的转化是个很大的难点，需要仔细推敲方能得出。张先生在对语言的两层语义的转化中做的相当到位，值得好好揣摩学习。
10、欢快的声波在金色的暮霭中飘荡
The joyous sound wave drifted through the golden evening mist
该句中有“游泳”等字样,一般译者无疑会同swim产生联想,而张先生却总是能跳出表层语义的局限进入潜层语义中来,力求译出原文的精神实质，跟原文一对比，只见更好的表达了那声波的动态和欢快的情景，从wave一词的运用实在
可见张先生功底之深厚。
11、许久储蓄在心里的诗料,今晨在理发店里又浮上了心来了。
My long pent_up poetic emotion emerg ed again this morning at a hairdresser’s
句子翻译很简练，把“储蓄在心里的”较长的定语浓淡缩成意为“心扉封闭”或“被压抑”的pent_up也很经济实惠又形象逼真，对其潜层语义的运用实在恰到好处。类似的还有“慧心”一词，在英语里并没有完全对应的词，而张先生在翻译中将其“模糊”处理译为feeling heart,颇有见地。
12、里边没人
“Go back to your seat. Don’t leave your things alone.”
这是个典型的整个句子都根据语境进行了语义的调整，起到了解释作用，细心的父亲怕行李没人照看。若直接译为“There’s no one inside.”肯定会令西方读者不知所云。这份细心和踏实实在不是一般译者可以做到的。
13、我不禁汗涔涔泪潸潸了。
At the thought of this, sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks.
这个句子是增益和语义改变的例子，不仅联系上下加上了个开头来解释为什么汗涔涔泪潸潸，在翻译时又巧妙地运用oozes和trickle二字，发音轻缓，传神地表达了作者因紧张、焦虑、羞愧而出汗和流泪的情景。一般的译文都会习惯于直译为“Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.”难以有这样的表现力。
结语
通过以上例子，浅析了张先生散文翻译中的几种基本技巧，在翻译中，如果忽视或抛弃任何一个部分，都意味着把一部分意义抛弃了。因此，是否能在翻译中再现形式和内容的统一是译文成功的关键。而恰当熟练地运用这些翻译技巧是通向成功的唯一道路，张培基先生的《英译中国现代散文选》值得一代又一代的译者继续孜孜不倦地研究和学习以求得译坛的持续发展。
参考文献
1、张培基：《英译中国现代散文选》上海外语教育出版社1999年
2、陈宏薇：《汉英翻译教程》[M]，上海外语教育出版社，1998年，48-50，176
3、冯庆华：《实用翻译教程》[M]，上海外语教育出版社，1997年，251
4、米曼华：“中国散文翻译的新收获——喜读张培基教授‘英译中国现代散文选》”[J]．<中国翻译)2ooo年第3期
5、刘士聪著，《汉英?英汉美文翻译与鉴赏》，译林出版社，2002.122-124
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7、刘重德，《托尔曼教授谈翻译的艺术》，《浑金璞玉集》，中国对外翻译出版公司，1994. 144-147
8、张燕，《对“信”的再认识》，《译学辞典与译学理论文集》，孙迎春主编，山东大学出版社，2003.43-48
10、Biber，Douglaseta1．Long man grammar of written and spoken English[曲]．外语教学与研究出版社，2OOO年，89
张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words …amid(st) thun derous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A con fused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A stone's throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … aptly 恰如其分地Art troupe 文工团At a stretch/sitting At one'scommand at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be en grossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to ??= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/ … Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thi n coati ng of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观Be interwoven with 止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作aim high amiable by nature Amuse on eself by =-do …for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机Ancestral home Approach senility 1
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（11） 朋友 巴金 这一次的旅行使我更了解一个名词的意义，这个名词就是：朋友。 七八天以前我曾对一个初次见面的朋友说：“在朋友们面前我只感到惭愧(1)。你们待我太好了，我简直没法报答你们。”这并不是谦虚的客气话，这是真的事实。说过这些话，我第二天就离开了那个朋友，并不知道以后还有没有机会再看见他。但是他给我的那一点点温暖至今还使我的心颤动(2)。 我的生命大概不会很长久罢。然而在短促的过去的回顾中却有一盏明灯，照彻了我的灵魂的黑暗，使我的生存有一点光彩。这盏灯就是就友情。我应该感谢它，因为靠了它我才能够活到现在;而且把旧家庭给我留下的阴影扫除了的也正是它。 世间有不少的人为了家庭抛弃朋友，至少也会在家庭和朋友之间划一个界限，把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍。这似乎是很自然的事情。我也曾亲眼看见一些人结婚以后就离开朋友，离开事业。…… 朋友是暂时的，家庭是永久的。在好些人的行为里我发见了这个信条。这个信条在我实在是不可理解的。对于我，要是没有朋友，我现在会变成怎样可怜的东西，我自己也不知道(3)。 然而朋友们把我救了。他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。他们的友爱，他们的帮助，他们的鼓励，几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。他们对我表示了无限的慷慨(4)。 我的生活曾经是悲苦的，黑暗的。然而朋友们把多量的同情，多量的爱，多量的欢乐，多量的眼泪分了给我，这些东西都是生存所必需的。这些不要报答的慷慨的施舍，使我的生活里也有了温暖，有了幸福(5)。我默默地接受了它们。我并不曾说一句感激的话，我也没有做过一件报答的行为。但是朋友们却不把自私的形容词加到我的身上。对于我，他们太慷慨了(6)。 这一次我走了许多新地方，看见了许多新朋友。我的生活是忙碌的：忙着看，忙着听，忙着说，忙着走。但是我不曾遇到一点困难，朋友们给我准备好了一切，使我不会缺少什么。我每走到一个新地方，我就像回到我那个在上海被日本兵毁掉的旧居一样。 每一个朋友，不管他自己的生活是怎样苦，怎样简单，也要慷慨地分一些东西给我，虽然明知道我不能够报答他。有些朋友，连他们的名字我以前也不知道，他们却关心我的健康，处处打听我的“病况”，直到他们看见了我那被日光晒黑了的脸和膀子，他们才放心地微笑了，这种情形的确值得人掉泪。 有人相信我不写文章就不能够生活。两个月以前，一个同情我的上海朋友寄稿到《广州民国日报》的副刊，说了许多关于我的生活的话。他也说我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃(7)。这是不确实的。这次旅行就给我证明;即使我不再写一个字，朋友们也不肯让我冻馁。世间还有许多慷慨的人，他们并不把自己个人和家庭看得异常重要，超过一切。靠了他们我才能够活到现在，而且靠了他们我还要活下去。 朋友们给我的东西是太多、太多了(8)。我将怎样报答他们呢?但是我知道他
第一部分汉译英 1. 丑石(An Ugly Stone) 2. 匆匆(Rush) 3. 冬夜(Winter Night) 4. 互助(Helping Each Other) 5. 黄昏(Dusk) 6. 盼头(Something to Look Forward to) 7. 媲美(Beauty) 8. 枪口(The Muzzles) 9. 鸲鹆(The Story of a Myna) 10. 铜镜(The Bronze Mirror) 11. 学校(The College) 12. 野草(Wild Grass) 13. 种梨(Planting a Pear Tree) 14. 哀互生(Mourning for Husheng) 15. 落花生(The Peanut) 16. 盲演员(A Blind Actor) 17. “孺子马” (An”Obedient Horse”) 18. 小麻雀(A Little Sparrow) 19. 雄辩症(A Case of Eloquence) 20. 大钱饺子(A Good-luck Dumpling) 21. 荷塘月色(Moonlight over the Lotus Pond) 22. 黄龙奇观(A View of Huangllong) 23. 枯叶蝴蝶(Lappet Butterfies) 24. 泡菜坛子(A pickle Pot) 25. 田水哗啦(The Irrigation Water Came Gurgling) 26. 我若为王(If I Be King) 27. 西式幽默(Western Humour) 28. 项脊轩志(Xiangjixuan) 29. 夜间来客(A Night Visitor——A True Story about a ”Celebrity”Being Interviewed) 30. 珍禽血雉(China…s Native Pheasant)31. 常胜的歌手(A Singer Who Always Wins) 32. 健忘的画眉(The Forgetful Song Thrush) 33. 可爱的南京(Nanjing the Beloved City) 34. 鲁迅先生记(In Memory of Mr.Lu Xun) 35. 苗族龙船节(The Miao Drangon-Boat Festival) 36. 秋天的怀念(Fond Memories of You) 37. 献你一束花(A Bouquet of Flowers for you) 38. 鸭巢围的夜(A Night at Mallard-Nest Village) 39. 玫瑰色的月亮(The Rosy Moon) 40. 内画壶《百子图》(Snuff Bottles with Pictures Inside) 41. 维护团结的人(A Man Upholding Unity) 42. 我有一个志愿(I Have a Dream) 43. 运动员的情操(Sportsmen…s Values) 44. 神话世界九寨沟(Jiuzhaigou,China…s Fairyland)45. 生命的三分之一(One Third of Our Lifetime) 46. 我可能是天津人(I Might Have Come from Tianjin) 47. 五台名刹画沧桑(The famous Monastery Witnesses Vicissitudes) 48. 爱梦想的羞怯女孩(A Shy Dreamer) 49. 永久的憧憬和追求(My Lnging and yearning) 50. 老人和他的三个儿子(The Old Man and his three sons) 51. 乐山龙舟会多姿多彩(dragon-Boat Festival at Leshan) 52. 撷自那片芳洲的清供(An Offering from his Sweet homeland) 53. 三峡多奇景妙笔夺开工(The Scenic Three Gorges Captured ) 54. 初中国旅游可到哪些地方(Tips on Traveling to China the First Time) 第二部分英译汉 1. A Ball to Roll Around(滚球) 2. A Boupquet for Miss Benson(送给卞老师的一束花) 3. A Boy and His Father Become Partners(父子伙伴情) 4. A Gift of Dreams(梦寐以求的礼物) 5. A Hard Day in the Kitchen(厨房里的一场闹刷) 6. A Nation of Hypochondriacs(一个疑病症患者的国度) 7. Are Books an Endangered Species? (书籍是即将灭绝的物种吗?) 8. A Sailor…s Christmas Gift(一个海员的圣诞礼物) 9. A Tale of Two Smut Merchants(两上淫秽照片商的故事) 10. A Visit with the Folks(探访故亲) 11. Canadian Eskimo Lithographs(加拿大爱斯基摩人的石版画) 12. Divorce and Kids(离婚与孩子) 13. Doug Heir(杜格·埃厄) 14. Fame(声誉) 15. Felicia…s Journey(费利西娅的旅行) 16. Genius Sacrificed for failure(为育庸才损英才) 17. Glories of the Storm(辉煌壮丽的暴风雨) 18. Han Suyin…s China(韩素音笔下的中国) 19. Hate(仇恨) 20. How Should One Read a Book? (怎样读书?) 21. In Praie of the Humble Comma(小小逗号赞) 22. Integrity——From A Mother in Mannville(正直) 23. In the Pursuit of a Haunting and Timeless Truth(追寻一段永世难忘的史实) 24. Killer on Wings is Under Threat(飞翔的杀手正受到威胁) 25. Life in a Violin Case(琴匣子中的生趣) 26. Love Is Not like Merchandise(爱情不是商品) 27. Luck(好运气) 28. Mayhew(生活的道路) 29. My Averae Uncle(艾默大叔——一个普通人) 30. My Father…s Music(我父亲的音乐) 31. My Mother…s Gift (母亲的礼物) 32. New Light Buld Offers Energy Efficiency(新型灯泡提高能效) 33. Of Studies(谈读书) 34. On Leadership(论领导) 35. On Cottages in General(农舍概述) 36. Over the Hill(开小差) 37. Promise of Bluebirds(蓝知更鸟的希望) 38. Stories on a Headboard(床头板上故事多) 39. Sunday(星期天) 40. The Blanket(一条毛毯) 41. The Colour of the Sky(天空的色彩) 42. The date Father Didn…t Keep(父亲失约) 43. The Kiss(吻) 44. The Letter(家书) 45. The Little Boat That Sailed through Time(悠悠岁月小船情) 46. The Living Seas(富有生命的海洋) 47. The Roots of My Ambition(我的自强之源) 48. The song of the River(河之歌) 49. They Wanted Him Everywhere——Herbert von Karajan(1908-1989) (哪儿都要他) 50. Three Great Puffy Rolls(三个又大双暄的面包圈) 51. Trust(信任) 52. Why measure Life in Hearbeats? (何必以心跳定生死？) 53. Why the bones Break(骨折缘何而起) 54. Why Women Live Longer than Men(为什么女人经男人活得长)
张培基英译现代散文选3 The Commercial Press and I Unable to see the manuscripts well, I have to rely on someone to read out for me.只能听别人念 With a comment scribbled in red ink about my mistake Enter…on the recommendation of sb. 经…介绍 Co-compile with sb.与…合编 I acted on his behalf as editor of the magazine Fiction Monthly. 代他编…（小说月报）With sb. as my collaborator跟…合作 Do proofreading看校样 It was the post-Great Revolution days when the stirring times found expression in literature.时代的激荡会在文学领域反应出来。 He had up to then written no fiction.他过去不写小说。 Start its publication of the magazine…创办…杂志 Sports requisites体育器械 …boast a galaxy of talent…是知识分子聚集的地方。A galaxy of talent人才济济 Became concurrently director of the People’s Education Publishing House兼任社长 …are still living and enjoy good health健在 It is said that people in the publishing trade live longer.有人说做出版工作的人就是长寿。《什么事不可能》Nothing Is Impossible to a Willing Mind 中国古代神话classical Chinese mythology 《封神传》Canonization of the Gods Make aviation experiments 不过这还是极少数“痴子”的信心，一般人还是嗤之以鼻。 Yet the handful of“dreamers”of those days were subjected to jeers and laughters. 学徒出身的发明家an apprentice-turned-inventor Without the above-mentioned early trailblazers, there would be no human flight to speak of today. 对于飞机大饶兴趣(sb. be) enamored of the flying machine. …不是一蹴而成的。Orville’s 1903 plane was something he accomplished after going through numerous setbacks. Made their first glider(滑翔机)patterned after a paper kite(纸鸢) 所以能向前努力者，无论成败，都有贡献。Therefore, succeed or fail, one is considered to have made a contribution so long as he has tried his utmost. In the face of obstacles面对困难 You need to take much time, do a lot of planning, go through countless procedures and carry out many improvements. And you’ll never make it unless you show the utmost patience. 《说开卷有益》On “Reading Is Always Beneficial” 现在多了一点智识，反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了。Now I know better than to do that. （明事理而不至于…） 可是坏书读了，而知道它的坏的原因与地方，岂不也是一得？After reading a bad book, we know all the whys and wherefores of its being bad.Isn’t that something of benefit to us too? 《当教师的快乐》Joys of the Teaching Career
张培基散文翻译张培基散文翻译108篇 转] 张培基散文翻译语言点精要 xx-6-1614:19阅读转载自甲壳虫 · · · · · · 赞赞赞赞评论转载分享复制地址编辑上一篇| 下一篇：此文胜过你上三年、、、 1、It is sometimes beset with …有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2、 Nothing short of a … can help …唯有…才能/全靠…才能够 3、 Rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles、一泻千里 4、 Fare likewise、正如这样 5、 Now … , now …有时…，有时… 6、 Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of …更能让人产生一种…之 感
7、… is now confronted with a … section of its course、…现在正遭遇进程上的 一段… 8、… , however, can only be shared by …而…，只有…样的人才可体会到 9、 The present … crisis can never obstacle the advance of …目前的…危机绝 不会阻碍…的进步 10、 Let us pace up our spirits and march through ...让我们鼓起雄健的精神 (1) 1、The greatest joy of …, is to … during its most difficult days、在最艰难的日 子里…，亦是最大的乐趣 12、 Grow restless 变得焦躁不安 Beg to differ 恕不同意/持反对意见 13、 Dash here and there in search of …跑来跑去的寻找 14、 He is going to … so that he could …他决定…以便… 15、… is not groundless because ……并非空害怕/没依据，因为… 16、 Keep moving around in a hurry 慌慌张张地走/跑
《英译现代散文选》读书报告 正如张培基先生所说，“散文最真实，最笃诚，不雕饰，不做作，因而是一种最易令人感到亲切的文体”，散文“形散神不散”，句式灵活多变、逻辑性不强。因其“率真”的特点，在翻译成英文过程中不仅要考虑恰当词的选择，而且要照顾的中文字里行间所表达的意义，乃至篇章的布局和风格。在翻译成英文前，正确的理解中文所要表达的意思至关重要。这样才能做到“忠实于原作的内容，保持原作的风格”，在次基础上，还要考虑表达是否通顺，能否被读者接受。翻译不仅仅是语言的对等，文化内涵上也要对等，让读者读起来就像读原作一样的感觉。通读张培基先生的《英译现代散文选》(一)能深刻体会到“忠实、通顺”这四字翻译标准。 一、在短语和词的处理上 李大钊的《艰难的国运与雄健的国民》一文，意在说明历史发展的必然规律，表达了中国革命者的乐观精神。其题目翻译为“National Crisis Vs Heroic Nation”，national 和nation 押头韵，有一种音韵美，读起来朗朗上口，铿锵有力，让读者感受到革命势不可挡的气魄。翻译没按字面直译，而是对汉语的精神的提炼，做到了忠实于原文，可谓是升华与再创造。文章中“要知在艰难的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事”，译文“The greatest joy of life, mind you, is to build up our country during its most difficult days. 此句中“在艰难的国运中”强调时间——这段艰难的日子。故不能按照译题目的思路来翻译此处。 在“艰难险阻的境界”、“曲折回环，极其险峻”、“有时是崎岖险路”、“一段崎岖险阻的道路”中，都表达了危险的意思，但是翻译成英文究竟该用哪个“形容危险”的词，是和汉语表意的侧重点分不开的。第一段中的“艰难险阻的境界”侧重说明这段道路有困难和阻碍，故将“险”省去不译。“曲折回环，极其险峻”是在说水流曲折与猛劲的险，而perilous强调即刻临头的危险，用perilous形容更能体现水流之猛，画面感很强。“有时是崎岖险路”是指征人所走过的路中的一种情况，hazardous可以形容造成损失或严重伤害的时机或场合，故这里比dangerous 更恰当。最后一个为了避免重复译为dangerous 也是必要的。在充分理解文章的基础上，做到了忠实于原文，选择恰当的英语词汇，也符合英语表达习惯。做到这些都是基于对中文和英文的深刻理解。 对于一些汉语中特有的词汇，如《差不多先生传》中“差不多先生”译为“Mr. About-the-Same”可谓是一种再创造。“钱铺”译为money shop而不是private bank，确切的表达了原文的意思。《背影》中的“茶房”，汉语中指旅馆轮船等内的服务员，根据语境的不同，翻译的也不一样。文中出现两处“茶房”分别译为了a hotel waiter和train attendants. 汉语表意灵活多变，因此同样的词或短语在不同的位置，侧重表意不同，功能不同，其翻译所选的词也不同。
张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age Confirmed = habitual Confirmed = habitual Congenial disposition 天性 convulsive sob cool one ’s heel Cordially
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（2） 螃蟹 老螃蟹觉得不安了，觉得全身太硬了(1)，自己知道要蜕壳(2)了。 他跑来跑去的寻。他想寻一个窟穴，躲了身子，将石子堵了穴口，隐隐的蜕壳。他知道外面蜕壳(3)是危险的。身子还软(4)，要被别的螃蟹吃去的。这并非空害怕，他实在亲眼见过。 他慌慌张张的走。 旁边的螃蟹(5)问他说：“老兄，你何以这般慌?” 他说：“我要蜕壳了。” “就在这里蜕不是很好么?我还要帮你呢。” “那可太怕人了。” “你不怕窟穴里的别的东西，却怕我们同种么?” “我不是怕同种。” “那是怕什么呢?” “就怕你要吃掉我(6)。” The Crab An old crab grew restless. Finding himself stiff all over, he knew it was time for him to moult his shell. He dashed here and there in search of a cave to hide. He was going to block up the mouth of cave so that he could moult in secret. He knew it would be very dangerous to shed his shell in the open because, with his new shell still being soft, he might be eaten up by other crabs. This fear was not groundless for he himself had really seen it happen to other moulting crabs. The old crab kept moving about in a hurry. A nearby crab asked, “Hey, brother, what’s the rush?” “I am going to moult,” answered the old crab. “Wouldn’t it be all right to moult right here? I could help you out with it.” “How horrible that would be!” “You mean while you’ll not scared of other things in the cave you’re scared of your own kind?” “No, I’m not scared of my own kind.” “Then what are you scared of?” “Nothing but being eaten up by you.” 注释: 《螃蟹》是近年发现的鲁迅佚文。文章发表于1919年8月间，时值五四运动方兴未艾，作者通过寓言故事，提醒人们新生事物往往有被旧事物消灭于萌芽状态的危险。 (1)“觉得全身太硬了”译为Finding himself stiff al over，其中all over 意即“全身”或“浑身”，作状语短语用。如逐字译为finding his whole body stiff并无不可，但语言稍欠地道。
张培基散文翻译语言点精要 1. It is sometimes beset with…有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2. Nothing short of a…can help…唯有...才能/全靠…才能够 3. rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles一泻千里 4. Fare likewise.正如这样 5. Now…, now….有时…，有时… 6. Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of…更能让人产生一种…之感 7.…is now confronted with a…section of its course……现在正遭遇进程上的一段… 8.…, however, can only be shared by…而…,只有…样的人才可体会到 9.Thepresent…criscanneverobstacletheadvanceof…目前的…危机绝不会阻碍…的进步。 1 0." Let us brace up our spirit and march through…让我们鼓起雄健的精神… 1 1." The greatest joy of…, is to…during its most difficult days.在最艰难的日子里…，亦是最大的乐趣。 1 2." Grow restless变得焦躁不安Beg to differ恕不同意/持反对意见 1 3." Dash here and there in search o f…跑来跑去的寻找 1
1 张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age