英汉现代名篇翻译讲解(1)
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名篇名译0011.原文:It is an ill wind that blows nobodygood.译文:世事皆利弊并存。
赏析:原句结构比较特殊("Itis…that…"),理解起来有点困难。
“对谁都没有好处的风才是坏风”,也就是说大多数情况下风对人都是有好处、有坏处,在引申一步就是成了上面的译句。
林佩耵在《中英对译技巧》一书中(第68页)还给了几个相同结构的英文句子。
翻译的前提是理解。
有人指出。
市面上见到的翻译作品,有好多都带有因理解不正确而产生的低级错误,“信”都谈不上还妄谈什么“达”和“雅”!初学翻译的朋友,在理解原文上当不遗余力。
2.原文:Their languag e was almostunrestr ainedby any motiveof prudenc e.译文:他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么,全然不考虑什么谨慎不谨慎。
赏析:如果硬译,译文势必成了“他们的言论几乎不受任何深思熟虑的动机的约束”。
译者本其译,化其滞,将原句一拆为二,充分运用相关翻译技巧,译文忠实、通顺。
3.原文:Get a livelih ood,and then practis e virtue.译文:先谋生而后修身。
(钱钟书译)赏析:原句是祈使句,译句也传达出了训导的意味。
用“谋生”来译“Getalivelih ood",用“修身”来译“practis e virtue",可谓精当。
巧的是,原句七个词,译句也是七个汉字。
4.原文:I enjoy the clean voluptu ousnes s of the warm breezeon my skin and the cool support of water.译文:我喜爱那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉,也喜爱那清亮的流水把我的身体托浮在水面。
第一章翻译的定义和翻译的原则一、翻译的定义1.Translation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.( Columbia Encyclopedia )2. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida )3.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来,以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知识、促进社会文明,特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。
(孙致礼2003:6 )二、翻译的原则1. Yan Fu (1854-1921)In translation, there are three aspects difficult to bring about: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is no easy work to realize ―faithfulness‖! If there is only faithfulness without expressiveness , the translation doesn’t amount to translation. From here we can see expressiveness is of great importance.(译事三难,信,达,雅。
求其信已大难矣!顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚焉)①Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war.----那场战争中日本军队屠杀了成百上千无辜的平民②Action is equal to reaction, but it acts in a contrary direction.――作用力与反作用力大小相等,方向相反.③We shall all miss him, but we wish him a long and happy retirement.――我们都会想念他的,我们祝愿他退休后快乐、长寿.④For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.古往今来多少离合悲欢, 谁曾见这样的哀怨辛酸!⑤Crafty men contempt studies, simple men admire them, and wise use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them , won by observation.――有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者慕读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之.2. Fu Lei (1908-1966)①From there I could see the whole valley below, the field, the river , and the village. It was all beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.――从这里望下去,整个山谷一览无遗,只见那田野、河流、村庄,全都美不胜收,真叫我心驰神往.②He carried on a business , but brought his pigs to the wrong market.――他经营生意,可是几乎血本无归.3.Qian Zhongshu①Capri is a gaunt rock of austere outline, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give ita soft and easy grace. It is friendly, remote, and debonair.卡普里岛是一块外形突兀的荒凉的岩石,沐浴在深蓝色的海洋里,但是它的葱绿的葡萄园仿佛在向人微笑,使这个海岛增添了几分令人舒爽的温柔宁静的姿色,卡普里岛远离尘嚣,但景色宣人,生机盎然。
练习1 美国印象☐我恐怕不能把美国描绘成十足的天堂——从一般角度来说,也许我对这个国家所知甚少。
我说不出它的经度或纬度;我算不出它出产谷物的价值;我对它的政治也不十分熟悉。
这些东西可能不会使你感兴趣,它们当然也不会让我感兴趣。
☐在美国上岸后得到的第一个深刻印象,就是美国人可能算不上世界上穿得最漂亮的,但却是穿得最舒服的。
那里看得到男人头戴着不堪入目的烟囱式高顶礼帽,但很少有不戴帽子的男人;还看到穿着难看至极的燕尾服的男人,但很少有不穿外套的男人。
美国人的穿戴显得舒适,这和在我国常可以看到的人们衣衫褴褛的情形形成了鲜明的对比。
☐我特别注意到的第二个特点是,似乎每个人都在急着赶火车。
这种情形对诗歌和浪漫爱情是不利的。
要是罗密欧和朱丽叶老是为乘火车而担心,或是在为返城车票而烦恼,莎士比亚就不可能写出那几幕如此富有诗意与伤感情调的阳台戏了。
☐美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。
在早晨,不是夜莺的歌声,而是汽笛的呜叫把人们唤醒。
美国人讲求实际的头脑这么健全,却没有想到要降低这种令人难以忍受的噪音,真叫人吃惊。
所有艺术都依赖于精细微妙的敏锐感觉,这样持续不断的喧嚣,最终一定会损害人的音乐天赋。
☐美国城市没有牛津、剑桥、索尔兹伯里和温彻斯特那么美丽,那些地方有优雅时代的美好遗迹;虽然不时还是可以看到许多美的东西,但只能在美国人没有存心创造美的地方。
在美国人有意创造美的地方,他们显然没有成功。
美国人的突出特点,便是他们把科学应用于现代生活的那种态度。
☐在纽约走马观花地一走,这一点就一目了然了。
在英国人们常把发明家视作狂人,发明带来的是失望与穷困的例子简直不胜枚举。
在美国发明家受到尊重,他随时可以得到人们的帮助。
在那里心灵手巧、把科技应用于人类的劳动,是致富的捷径。
没有一个国家比美国更爱机器的了。
☐或许,值得指出的是,被许多人指为美国式英语的其实是老的英国式表达,它们在我国已经消失,却在我们的殖民地里留存下来。
许多人以为美国人常说的“I guess”(“我猜”)纯粹是一种美国式表达,但约翰∙洛克在他的The understanding (《理解论》)中就用过这种说法,就像我们现在使用“I think”(“我想”)一样。
英汉翻译讲解(1)I.英汉之间的差别:“对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。
”------吕叔湘国内学者的共识是:汉语是综合性的,描写性的,而英语是分析性的,逻辑性的。
在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比(contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis),英语重形合(形式上的融合),汉语重意合(意思或意境的融合)。
在句法方面,有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种:1.雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来,开门见山,一语破的,然后再把各种标志一条条补述,一步步交代,慢条斯理,从容不迫,形成一条头短尾长地线性链,象头小尾大地雄孔雀。
而汉语则相反,其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛,先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到,最后点出话语的信息中心,水到渠成,给人以豁然开朗之感,形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。
例如:I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.译文:由于贵国政府的提议,才得以这样快地重新实现访问。
这使我感到特别高兴。
又如:The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely (不足地,不充分地;一定不,绝不)contested (斗争;比赛).译文:如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受其基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。
英汉现代名篇翻译讲解(1)Eulogy to Princess Diana by Earl Charles Spencer永不磨灭的美神——戴妃弟弟斯宾塞伯爵在戴安娜王妃葬礼上的悼词戴安娜王妃简介:1961.7.1-1997.8.31,1981年与英国威尔士查尔斯王子举行婚礼,成为其第一任妻子,并育有两子,威廉和哈里。
结婚当日英国国民放假一天,全球上亿人通过电视观看了这场童话般的婚礼。
而后由于查尔斯王子与婚前旧情人卡米拉调情的录音带被公开,英国民众开始同情和关注戴安娜。
戴安娜王妃着装华丽,热心公益事业,唤起了全世界人民对弱势群体(比如艾滋病患者、麻风病患者等)的关注,受到媒体的狂热追踪。
在婚姻危机发生之后,其私生活尤其为媒体所热衷。
1996年,戴安娜与查尔斯正式离婚,但作为孩子的母亲,她依然保有“威尔士王妃”的头衔。
1997年8月31日在巴黎死于车祸。
Words:Eulogy 颂词、悼词Standard bearer 旗手Downtrodden 被践踏的、被蹂躏的Canonize把…封为圣徒Sanctify 使神圣化Mischievous 调皮的、恶作剧的Bend you double 文中指笑弯了腰或捧腹大笑,以强调戴安娜的真实与爽朗Underpin 支持、强调、作为…的基础Leper 麻风病人Constituency 选区、全体选民,文中指戴安娜赢得社会被抛弃群体的拥戴Whilst 相当于while,体现了演讲者用词的古典与文采(因此译文也应当体现出一定的文采)Contrive 设法做到、策划Paparazzi (pl.)追逐名人的偷拍者,现代社会常形容为“狗仔队”,单数形式paparazzoLevel-headedness 明智、头脑清醒Bizarre 怪诞的、异常的Spectrum 光谱、幅度、范围正文(网上通行的译文只找到这一版,个人觉得口译角度看还可以,按笔译要求看实在译得不太好,因而进行了修改,文章前半部分的改译参考了上海外语教育出版社《新编英汉口译教程》里的译文,其译文比网上版本好,可惜只有前一半,因此全篇还是选用了网上版本):I stand before you today the representative of a family in grief, in a country in mourning before a world in shock. We are all united not only in our desire to pay our respects to Diana but rather in our need to do so. For such was her extraordinary appeal that the tens of millions of people taking part in this service all over the world via television and radio who never actually met her, feel that they too lost someone close to them in the early hours of Sunday morning. It is a more remarkable tribute to Diana than I can ever hope to offer her today.我今天站在你们面前,作为一个悲恸家庭的代表——在一个举国哀悼的国家,面对一个受着震惊的世界(拘泥原文形式,欠通顺)。
文学翻译赏析一、雄健阳刚类艰难的国运与雄健的国民李大钊历史的道路,不会是坦平的,有时走到艰难险阻的境界。
这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。
一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河,有时流到很宽阔的境界,平原无际,一泻万里。
有是流到很逼狭的境界,两岸丛山迭岭,绝壁断崖,江河流于其间,回环曲折,极其险峻。
民族生命的进展,其经历亦复如是。
人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。
旅途上的征人所经过的地方,有时是坦荡平原,有时是崎岖险路。
老于旅途的人,走到平坦的地方,固是高高兴兴地向前走,走到崎岖的境界,愈是奇趣横生,觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界,愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。
中华民族现在所逢的史路,是一段崎岖险阻的道路。
在这一段道路上,实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的景致,使我们经过此段道路的人,感得一种壮美的趣味。
但这种壮美的趣味,是非有雄健的精神的人不能够感觉到的。
我们的扬子江,黄河,可以代表我们的民族精神。
扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠,遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去,以成其浊流滚滚,一泻万里的魄势。
目前的艰难境界,那能阻抑我们民族生命的曲调,在这悲壮歌声中,走过这崎岖险阻的道路。
要知在艰难的国运中建造国家,亦是人生最有趣味的事。
The Bad Luck of China and the Strong Will of the ChineseLi DazhaoThe progress of history sometimes comes into a territory full of hardships and hindrances, and only by means of strong will can it run through the territory.Sometimes in an extensive and open terrain with boundless plains, a huge and mighty river flows vigorously down thousands of miles. Sometimes it runs in an imposing and narrow terrain with ranges of high mountains, crags and cliffs. It zigzags its way down through them, which is drastically hazardous and precipitous. The progress of a nation undergoes the same experience.The life of human race in history is just like a journey. The places the travelers have traversed are open and flat here, but craggy and risky there. Walking on a flat and level road, an experienced traveler certainly feels delighted. However, walking in a rugged and rough terrain, one can enjoy more wits and humor. Walking in such an area of wonderful and magnificent scenes, one can savor more tastes of adventure.The road of history taken today by the Chinese nation is one full of twists and turns. But in this section of the road, there is an extremely fabulous and magnificent view which makes those of us who are going and have gone through it feel glorious and hallowed. It is a feel only those strongly-determined people are capable of enjoying.The Yangtze River and Yellow River stand well for our national spirit. They run into deserts and mountains, and mightily they run. They develop into huge muddy streams and vigorously theydash and roar down thousands of miles. The current crisis can never stop our nation from advancing forward. Strongly determined, we should sing a march and, accompanied by this touching and tragic song.白杨礼赞矛盾……那就是白杨树,西北极普通的一种树,然而实在不是平凡的一种树。
英译汉(Unit1、2、3、5课文翻译)Unit 1 A Kind of Sermon 一番说教1、第一段:①It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.也许老师比学生更容易理解,为什么学生在掌握了英语基本结构和句型后英语学习反而变得越来越困难了。
②Students are naturally surprised and disappointed to discover that a process which ought to become simpler does not appear to do so.学生们自然感到惊奇并失望地发现本来应该变得越来越容易的学习过程却完全不是那么回事。
2、第二段:①It may not seem much consolation to point out that the teacher, too, becomes frustrated when his efforts appear to produce less obvious results.在知道老师在其努力所产生的效果似乎不及一开始明显也会灰心丧气时,学生们并不感到多少安慰。
②He finds that students who were easy to teach, because they succeeded inputting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.他发现那些学生很容易去教,因为他们能把所学的知识很快地用于实践。
A Little GirlFrom Alyson by Theodore Watts-DuncanSitting on a grassy, beneath one of the windows of the church, was a little girl. With her head bent back, she was gazing up at the sky and singing, while one of her little hands was pointing to a tiny cloud that hovered like a golden feather above her head. The sun, which had suddenly become very bright, shining on her glossy hair, gave it a metallic luster, and it was difficult to say what was the color, dark bronze or black. So completely absorbed was she in watching the cloud to which her strange song or incantation seemed addressed, that she did not observe me when I rose and went towards her. Over her head, high up in the blue, a lark that was soaring towards the same gauzy cloud was singing, as if in rivalry. As I slowly approached the child, I could see by her forehead, which in the sunshine seemed like a globe of pearl, and especially by her complexion, that she was uncommonly lovely. Her eyes, which at one moment seemed blue-gray, at another violet, were shaded by long black lashes, curving backward in a most peculiar way, and these matched in hue her eyebrows, and the tresses that were tossed about her tender throat and were quivering in the sunlight. All this I did not take in at once; for at first I could see nothing but those quivering, glittering, changeful eyes turned up into my face. Gradually the other features, especially the sensitive full-lipped mouth, grew upon me as I stood silently gazing. Here seemed to me a more perfect beauty than had ever come to me in my overset dreams of beauty. Yet it was not her beauty so much as the look she gave me that fascinated me, melted me.【注释】with her head bent back: with +名词或代词宾格+分词(或形容词、介词短语等)作状语,表示伴随情况。
英汉现代名篇翻译讲解(1)Eulogy to Princess Diana by Earl Charles Spencer永不磨灭的美神——戴妃弟弟斯宾塞伯爵在戴安娜王妃葬礼上的悼词戴安娜王妃简介:1961.7.1-1997.8.31,1981年与英国威尔士查尔斯王子举行婚礼,成为其第一任妻子,并育有两子,威廉和哈里。
结婚当日英国国民放假一天,全球上亿人通过电视观看了这场童话般的婚礼。
而后由于查尔斯王子与婚前旧情人卡米拉调情的录音带被公开,英国民众开始同情和关注戴安娜。
戴安娜王妃着装华丽,热心公益事业,唤起了全世界人民对弱势群体(比如艾滋病患者、麻风病患者等)的关注,受到媒体的狂热追踪。
在婚姻危机发生之后,其私生活尤其为媒体所热衷。
1996年,戴安娜与查尔斯正式离婚,但作为孩子的母亲,她依然保有“威尔士王妃”的头衔。
1997年8月31日在巴黎死于车祸。
Words:Eulogy 颂词、悼词Standard bearer 旗手Downtrodden 被践踏的、被蹂躏的Canonize把…封为圣徒Sanctify 使神圣化Mischievous 调皮的、恶作剧的Bend you double 文中指笑弯了腰或捧腹大笑,以强调戴安娜的真实与爽朗Underpin 支持、强调、作为…的基础Leper 麻风病人Constituency 选区、全体选民,文中指戴安娜赢得社会被抛弃群体的拥戴Whilst 相当于while,体现了演讲者用词的古典与文采(因此译文也应当体现出一定的文采)Contrive 设法做到、策划Paparazzi (pl.)追逐名人的偷拍者,现代社会常形容为“狗仔队”,单数形式paparazzoLevel-headedness 明智、头脑清醒Bizarre 怪诞的、异常的Spectrum 光谱、幅度、范围正文(网上通行的译文只找到这一版,个人觉得口译角度看还可以,按笔译要求看实在译得不太好,因而进行了修改,文章前半部分的改译参考了上海外语教育出版社《新编英汉口译教程》里的译文,其译文比网上版本好,可惜只有前一半,因此全篇还是选用了网上版本):I stand before you today the representative of a family in grief, in a country in mourning before a world in shock. We are all united not only in our desire to pay our respects to Diana but rather in our need to do so. For such was her extraordinary appeal that the tens of millions of people taking part in this service all over the world via television and radio who never actually met her, feel that they too lost someone close to them in the early hours of Sunday morning. It is a more remarkable tribute to Diana than I can ever hope to offer her today.我今天站在你们面前,作为一个悲恸家庭的代表——在一个举国哀悼的国家,面对一个受着震惊的世界(拘泥原文形式,欠通顺)。
我们都连结(这里应该是指聚在一起参加葬礼)在一起,不仅仅因为我们渴望表示对戴安娜的敬意,而是我们需要这样做,因为她的特殊吸引力是那样强烈,以至于(有明显的翻译痕迹)全世界几千万人,没有看见过她的人们,今天通过电视和收音机参加这个葬礼,他们都感到本星期天凌晨失去了一个可亲的人。
这个事实本身就是给戴安娜的殊荣,比我今天希望表达的悼词要强烈和深刻得多。
改译:在这举世震惊、举国哀悼之时,我作为一个悲痛家庭的代表站到这里。
我们聚在一起,不仅仅因为我们渴望对戴安娜表示敬意,更是因为我们有必要这样做。
她以非凡的魅力吸引了全世界上千万人通过电视和广播参加这一葬礼,虽然这些人从未亲眼见过她,却也同样感觉到在星期天凌晨,他们失去了一个最为亲近的人。
这是给予戴安娜的一项殊荣,比我今天献给她的悼词更为崇高与深切。
Diana was the very essence of compassion, of duty, of style, of beauty. All over the world she was a symbol of selfless humanity. All over the world, a standard bearer for the rights of the truly downtrodden, a very British girl who transcended nationality. Someone with a natural nobility who was classless and who proved in the last year that she needed no royal title to continue to generate her particular brand of magic.戴安娜的实质(缺少文采,有点冷冰冰的感觉)是同情心、责任心、风度和美丽(四个词都是相同字数节奏感应该更好)。
在全世界她是无私的人道的象征,是维护真正被践踏被摈弃的人们权益的旗手,是一个超越国界的英国女孩子,是一个带着一种自然的高贵气质的不分阶段的人。
在最后一年她显示出来她不需什么皇家头衔也可以继续发挥她独特的神奇力量(几个并列结构定语都太长,因此不通顺也缺少文采)。
改译:戴安娜是同情、责任、风度和美丽的象征。
在世界各地,她都是无私的人道主义的象征,是遭受蹂躏者争取权利的旗手,是超越了国界的英国姑娘。
她不属于任何阶层,高贵的气质与生俱来。
在过去一年里,她向我们证明,无需皇室的头衔,她依然可以焕发其独特的魅力。
Today is our chance to say thank you for the way you brightened our lives, even though God granted you but half a life. We will all feel cheated always that you were taken from us so young and yet we must learn to be grateful that you came along at all. Only now that you are gone do we truly appreciate what we are now without and we want you to know that life without you is very, very difficult.今天是一个机会(机会一词通常带点褒义,这里紧扣原文译不合适),我们要说谢谢你,你的榜样照亮了我们的生活,虽然天主只给了你一半的生命。
我们常感到像受骗受欺似的,你那样年轻,就给带走了,然而我们必须懂得感恩,你还是来过了。
今天,只是你走了我们才真正明白我们失去的是什么。
我们要你知道,没有你生命是多么多么艰难。
(口吻不够庄重,也没有体现出说话者的感情)改译:今天,我们要向你说声谢谢,感谢你照亮了我们的生活,尽管上帝只让你走完了生命历程的一半。
我们总有种被愚弄的感觉,因为你如此年轻就离开了我们。
但是我们必须学会感激,因为毕竟你曾经来过。
只有在你离开后的现在,我们才真正体会到我们失去了什么。
我们想让你知道,没有你的日子是那么那么难过。
We have all despaired at our loss over the past week and only the strength of the message you gave us through your years of giving has afforded us the strength to move forward.一个星期来我们全家都经历痛失亲人的绝望(即悲痛欲绝),惟有你多年慷慨厚赐留下的信息的力量给我们力量再走下去(重复两个力量明显不合适)。
改译:一个星期以来,我们都悲痛欲绝。
唯有你多年来慷慨赐予的思想的力量才给予了我们继续前行的勇气。
There is a temptation to rush to canonise your memory, there is no need to do so. You stand tall enough as a human being of unique qualities not to need to be seen as a saint. Indeed to sanctify your memory would be to miss out on the very core of your being: your wonderfully mischievous sense of humour with a laugh that bent you double; your joy for life transmitted wherever you took your smile; and the sparkle in those unforgettable eyes; your boundless energy which you could barely contain.现在有股风潮,大家争抢对你的回忆,或是把这回忆神化起来(canonise your memory即指将戴安娜封为圣徒)。
实在不需这样做,作为一个有杰出品质的人,你已经站得很高了,你不需要被人看做圣人。
确实,如果圣化对你的回忆就要忽视你的存在的核心——就是你那奇妙的、带点调皮的、忍俊不禁的诙谐,无论什么时候,你的一颦一笑,你令人难忘的眼神的一闪一烁,总把生活的欢愉传给别人。
你旺盛不竭的精力好像不是你身体所能容纳的(措辞上比较随意,不合适致辞场合的严肃气氛)。
改译:有人迫不及待地要把你的名字加入圣徒之列——可这毫无必要。
因为作为一个独具特色的人,你已经十分高大,无需被奉为神圣。
无疑,对你的神化只会褪去你为人的本色:你的调皮幽默,你的捧腹大笑,你一微笑便到处传递的生命的欢乐,你那令人难忘的眼睛所闪烁的光芒,还有你那掩藏不住的无限活力。