2014考研基础讲义之语法解绝真题(对照翻译)

2014年北京航空航天大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文（本题共15分，每一题1分）。

1. appeal-focused text【答案】感染型文本2. class shift【答案】词类转换3. commission【答案】委托4. transeme【答案】译素5. restricted translation【答案】受限翻译6. low countries group【答案】低地国家学派7. minimax principle 【答案】最大最小原理8. translation universals 【答案】翻译普遍特征9. verbal consistence 【答案】词语一致10. concordance【答案】一致性11. calque【答案】仿造12. controlled language 【答案】受控语言13. prototype【答案】原型14. modification【答案】调整15. covert translation【答案】隐型翻译第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文（本题共15分，每一题1分）。

1. 自动翻译【答案】automatic translation2. 中枢语言【答案】pivot language3. 连贯【答案】coherence4. 子语言【答案】sub-language5. 可修正性【答案】correctability6. 形式对应【答案】formal correspondence7. 地道翻译【答案】idiomatic translation8. 规范【答案】norms9. 语料库【答案】corpora10. 异国情调【答案】exoticism11. 重写【答案】rewriting12. 法庭传译【答案】court interpreting13. 巴别塔【答案】Babel14. 内罗毕宣言【答案】Nairobi Declaration15. 释译【答案】paraphrase第三部分：英译汉（本题共60分，第一段25分，第2段15分，第三段20分）。

2014年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part A Terminology and phrase translationSection One:Translate the following translation-related terms into Chinese(15 points,1point each)1.WHO【答案】世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)2.IOC【答案】国际奥委会(International Olympic Committee)3.IPR【答案】知识产权(intellectual property rights)4.CPA【答案】注册会计师(Certified Public Accountant)5.CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index)6.OTC【答案】非处方药(over the counter)7.Skopos theory【答案】翻译目的论8.Poly system theory 【答案】多元系统论9.cultural pluralism 【答案】文化多元论10.Hermeneutic school 【答案】阐释学派11.catering industry 【答案】餐饮业12.balance sheet【答案】资产负债表13.deluxe suit【答案】豪华蜜月套系14.force majeure【答案】不可抗力15.opinion poll【答案】民意测验Section Two:Translate the following terms or phrases into English(15points,1 point each)1.第三产业【答案】tertiary industry2.母校【答案】Alma Mater3.京都协议书【答案】Kyoto Protocol4.国债【答案】national debt;government loan5.论语【答案】The Analects of Confucius十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书6.不良贷款【答案】non-performing loan7.软着陆【答案】soft landing8.不再生资源【答案】Non-renewable Resources9.秒杀【答案】flash sale10.学分【答案】academic credit11.国民待遇【答案】national treatment12.新华社【答案】the Xinhua News Agency13.保税区【答案】bonded area14.社会保障【答案】social security15.针灸【答案】AcupuncturePart B Translation between English and Chinese.(60points)Section A English to Chinese Translation(20points for each passage)Passage OneIt is usual to arrange for a delay of a few seconds between the release and the cutting-off of the current and the brake application;this gives the driver the opportunity of crossing quickly to the opposite side of his cab(驾驶室),as he may need to do momentarily for look-out purposes,without stopping his train by so doing.【参考译文】（驾驶火车的时候）通常在列车开口和切断当前运行系统、制动刹车系统之间会留出几秒的缓冲时间，这是让列车司机有机会迅速穿到驾驶室的另一边，因为他需要马上看一下目标物，这样就不用把火车停下来了。

2014考研基础讲义之语法解绝真题相关讲义句子对照翻译：1. （1997年翻译）On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.能被确定的是，从权利观的一个观点看来，这个争论必须要遵从这一点，即动物们毫无权利2.（2006年阅读4）happiness more often than not ends in sadness. 幸福往往以悲伤为结局。

3.（2012年翻译）Ch omsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Chomsky的语法应该反映出语言变化的模式，这个模式独立于语言谱系，或者独立于通过该谱系所产生的路径，而格林伯格的普遍性理论则认为，在特定种类的词序关系之间，有着强烈的相互依赖性。

4.（2002 年阅读）Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher in the short term. 强劲的经济增长势头，随着北半球冬季的到来，有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。

5.（1996年翻译）This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家政府得出这样的结论：具体的要求通常是无法具体地预见到的。

四川大学2014年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享四川大学2014年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。

四川大学2014年翻译硕士考研真题及答案I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target languages respectively. (30′)1. Overseas remittance: 海外汇款;国外汇款2. European Union Emission Trading Scheme: 欧盟排放交易体系3. carbon sink: 碳汇4. TPP Agreement: 跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Partnership)5. COP 19: 联合国气候变化大会第19次缔约方大会[ the 19th Conference of the Parties (COP19) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]6. Malthusian Theory of Population: 马尔萨斯人口论7. sub-Saharan Africa: 撒哈拉以南非洲8. Maastricht Treaty: 马斯特里赫特条约9. Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC)：《中国南海缔约方行为公告》10. HSBC：汇丰银行11. the House of Lords：英国上议院12. purchasing power parity：购买力平价13. China-Britain Business Council (CBBC)：英中贸易协会14. Wikileaks：维基解密15. rep by pop：人口数决定代表数(representation by population);人民代表16. 创业板市场：Growth Enterprise Market17. 中国共产党第十八届三中全会：the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC (communist party of China)18. 棱镜亊件:PRISM;the US surveillance program PRISM19. 《本草纲目》：compendium of materia medica20. 假冒及盗版产品：counterfeit and pirated products21. 页岩气：shale gas22. 土豪: rich rednecks;Beverly Hillbillies;upstart;rural rich;local tyrant; local lord23. 比特币：bitcoin24. “脱光”(11月11日): ending the situation of being single; say goodbye to the single lives25. 现房与期房: complete apartment and forward delivery housing26. 老年痴呆: senile dementia; Alzheimer’s disease27. 杜莎夫人蜡像馆: Madame Tussauds28. 热岛效应: Urban Heat Island Effect29. 《环球时报》:Global Times30. 《史记》: Historical RecordsII. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)Source Text 1:The biographer should sternly confine himself to the functions as introducer and should give no more discussion than is clearly necessary for making the book an independent whole. A little analysis of motive may be necessary here and there, when for example, your hero has put his hand in somebody’s pocket and y ou have to demonstrate that his conduct was due to sheer absence of mind. But you must always remember that a single concrete fact were a saying into which man has put his soul is worth pages of psychological analysis. We may argue till Doom’s Day about Sw ift’s character, his singled phrase of dying like a poisoned rat in a hole, tells us more than all the commentators. The book should be the man himself speaking or acting, or nothing but the man. It should be such a portrait as reveals the essence of character. And the writer who gives anything that does not tell upon the general effect is like the portrait painter who allows the chairs and tables, or even the coat and cravat to distract attention from the vase. The really significant anecdote is often all that survives of a life. And such anecdotes must be made to tell properly instead of being hidden away in the wilderness of the common place. They should be a focus of interest instead of a fallible abstract for a book of miscellaneous. How much would be lost of Johnson if we suppressed the incident of the penance and to(*). It is such incidents that in books as often in life suddenly reveal to us all regions of sentiment, but never rise to the surface in the ordinary routine of our day.Source Text 2:The term genetically modified organism (GMO) refers to plants, microbes and animals with genes transferred from other species in order to produce certain novel characteristics (for example resistance to pests, or herbicides) and are produced by recombinant DNA technology. Four main sources of hazards of GMO are discussed by scientists worldwide:those due to the new genes, and gene products introduced; 2) unintended effects inherent to the teclinology; 3) interactions between foreign genes and host genes; and 4) those arising from the spread of the introduced genes by ordinary cross-pollination as well as by horizontal gene transfer.GM crops contain material, which is not present in them under natural conditions, and they form a part of our daily diet. To understand what effect they can have on us and on our animaJs, it is very important to study the influence of these GM plants in different organisms for several generations. At present, these studies are lackii.j from the scientific literature. Also, several detrimental effects of GM crops had been showed on the metabolism of animals. The hazard of GMO was shown for animals and the environment in many investigations. Earlier it was shown that consumption of GM food by animals led to the negative changes in their organisms. Experiments, conducted by A. Pusztai showed that potatoes modified by the insertion of the gene of snowdrop lectin (雪花莲凝集素),stunled the growth of rats, significantly affected some of their vital organs, including the kidneys, thymus (陶腺)，gastrocnemius muscles (聪肠肌)and othersand damaged their intestines and their immune system.Source Text 3:科学是讲求实际的。

2014考研英语真题译文2014年考研英语真题 Reading Comprehension Section AWater scarcity is a daily challenge for young girls in Sudan, forcing them to walk for miles to fetch water, missing out on education and suffering from the physical strain of carrying heavy loads. In some areas of Sudan, girls walk an average of 3.7 miles every day to collect water for their families, often missing school as a result. This water collection falls largely on the shoulders of girls and women, negatively impacting their education and overall well-being.The lack of access to clean water not only affects education but also leads to health problems. Waterborne diseases, such as diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid, are common in Sudan due to the use of contaminated water sources. The constant struggle to obtain water exacerbates the issue, as it leaves little time for girls to focus on their studies or take care of their health.According to a UNICEF report, around 170 million young girls worldwide are affected by water scarcity. This issue is particularly prevalent in developing countries where water sources are limited and infrastructure is lacking. In Sudan, the problem is exacerbated by political instability and ongoing conflicts, making it even more challenging to implement sustainable solutions.Efforts have been made to address this issue in Sudan. Non-governmental organizations and government initiatives have worked together to provide access to clean water in rural areas. Projects such as building wells and rainwater harvesting systems have helped alleviate theburden on girls and women. However, more support is needed to ensure that all communities have access to safe and clean water sources.Education plays a crucial role in breaking the cycle of poverty and improving the overall well-being of individuals. By addressing the water scarcity issue, more girls in Sudan will be able to attend school regularly, improve their educational opportunities, and have a better chance of breaking out of the cycle of poverty.In conclusion, water scarcity poses a significant challenge for young girls in Sudan, impacting their education, health, and overall well-being. Efforts to improve access to clean water sources are crucial in alleviating the burden on girls and providing them with equal educational opportunities. By addressing this issue, we can help empower young girls in Sudan and create a brighter future for generations to come.。

2014年考研英语一真题及参考答案Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。

2014年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1. vulnerability【答案】脆弱性2. biotic community【答案】生物群落3. productive power【答案】生产力4. exchange rate【答案】汇率5. deport【答案】驱逐出境6. letter of credit【答案】信用证7. herd capacity【答案】放牧能力8. arthritis【答案】关节炎9. arbitration clause【答案】仲裁条款10. chronic disease【答案】慢性病11. equality and mutual benefit 【答案】平等互利12. feast day【答案】节日13. drug trafficking【答案】贩毒14. Honduras【答案】洪都拉斯15. ASEAN【答案】东盟二、将下列短语译成英语1. 版图【答案】territory2. 汇款(额)【答案】remittance3. 优化【答案】optimize4 领事裁判权【答案】consular jurisdiction5. 阁下【答案】Excellency6. 无息贷款【答案】interest-free loan7. 裁军【答案】disarmament8. 政治大国【答案】political power9. 可行性【答案】feasibility10. 耐受力【答案】TOLERANCE11. 维修和置换【答案】Repair and replacement12. 生殖性克隆【答案】reproductive cloning13. 国情【答案】national conditions14. 腐败【答案】corruption15. 弱势群体【答案】vulnerable groups三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE 1Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) is one of the best known and most influential American novelist and short-story writers. In all his life, Hemingway was fascinated by war-in World War I，he worked for the Red Cross on the Italian Front, in the Spanish Civil War and World War II，he served as a war reporter. His experiences and observations provided him with materials and backgrounds for many of his best works, in which he concerned himself with man’s courage in facing strong physical forces.“Grace under pressure” was Hemingway s definition of courage. In his view, life is painful and complex. The only way to survive is to face what comes with honor, dignity, strength, knowledge and endurance. Hemingway s overall message, as established in The Old Man and the Sea(1952), his nearly flawless short novel which gained him the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in 1954，is that although life is a lonely, losing battle, it is a struggle that a man can dominate insuch a way that his loss has dignity and is itself a victory.【参考译文】欧内斯特·海明威（1899–1961）是最著名并且最有影响力的美国长、短篇小说家之一。

Secti‎o n I Use of Engli‎s hDirec‎t ions‎:Read the follo‎w ing text. Choos‎e the best word(s) for each numbe‎r ed blank‎and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWE‎R SHEET‎. (10 point‎s)Thinn‎e r‎isn‟t‎alway‎s bette‎r. A numbe‎r of studi‎e s have __1__‎_that norma‎l-weigh‎t peopl‎e are in fact at highe‎r risk of some disea‎s es compa‎r ed to those‎who are overw‎e ight‎.And there‎are healt‎h condi‎t ions‎for which‎being‎overw‎e ight‎is actua‎l ly ___2_‎__. For examp‎l e, heavi‎e r women‎are less likel‎y to devel‎o p calci‎u m defic‎i ency‎than thin women‎. ___3_‎__ among‎the elder‎l y, being‎somew‎h at overw‎e ight‎is often‎an ___4_‎__ of good healt‎h.Of even great‎e r ___5_‎__ is the fact that obesi‎t y turns‎out to be very diffi‎c ult to defin‎e. It is often‎defin‎e d ___6_‎__ body mass index‎, or BMI. BMI ___7_‎_ body mass divid‎e d by the squar‎e of heigh‎t. An adult‎with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often‎consi‎d ered‎to be norma‎l weigh‎t. Betwe‎e n 25 and 30 is overw‎e ight‎.And over 30 is consi‎d ered‎obese‎.Obesi‎t y, ___8_‎__,can be divid‎e d into moder‎a tely‎obese‎,sever‎e ly obese‎,and very sever‎e ly obese‎.While‎such numer‎i cal stand‎a rds seem 9 , they are not. Obesi‎t y is proba‎b ly less a matte‎r of weigh‎t than body fat. Some peopl‎e with a high BMI are in fact extre‎m ely fit, 10 other‎s with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For examp‎l e, many colle‎g iate‎and profe‎s sion‎a l footb‎a ll playe‎r s 12 as obese‎,thoug‎h their‎perce‎n tage‎body fat is low. Conve‎r sely‎, someo‎n e with a small‎frame‎may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today‎we have a(an) _14 _ to label‎obesi‎t y as a disgr‎a ce.The overw‎e ight‎are somet‎i mes_‎15_in‎the media‎with their‎faces‎cover‎e d. Stere‎o type‎s_16_ with obesi‎t y inclu‎d e lazin‎e ss, lack of will power‎,and lower‎prosp‎e cts for succe‎s s.Teach‎e rs,emplo‎y ers,and healt‎h profe‎s sion‎a ls have been shown‎to harbo‎r biase‎s again‎s t the obese‎._17_v‎e ry young‎child‎r en tend to look down on theoverw‎e ight‎, and teasi‎n g about‎body build‎has long been a probl‎e m in schoo‎l s.Negat‎i ve attit‎u des towar‎d obesi‎t y, _18_i‎n healt‎h conce‎r ns, have stimu‎l ated‎a numbe‎r of anti-obesi‎t y _19_.My own hospi‎t al syste‎m has banne‎d sugar‎y drink‎s from its facil‎i ties‎.Many emplo‎y ers have insti‎t uted‎weigh‎t loss and fitne‎s s initi‎a tive‎s. Miche‎l le Obama‎launc‎h ed a high-visib‎i lity‎campa‎i gn _20_ child‎h ood obesi‎t y, even claim‎i ng that it repre‎s ents‎our great‎e st natio‎n al secur‎i ty threa‎t.1. [A] denie‎d[B] condu‎c ed [C] doubl‎e d [D] ensur‎e d、【答案】B concl‎u ded【解析】题干中，一系列的研‎究已经__‎___，事实上，正常体重的‎人的患病风‎险要高于超‎重的人。

2014年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、短语互译（20分）1. 中国梦【答案】Chinese Dream2. 立党为公，执政为民【答案】work for the public and assumes power for the people3. 世情、国情、党情【答案】global, national and party conditions4. PRISM【答案】棱镜二、汉译英（60分）新中国成立后，虽然蝗灾作为巨灾已被送进了历史，但水灾、旱灾却在持续恶化，台风、冰雪等也时常酿成巨灾，2008年5月12日发生在四川汶川的大地震，再次揭示了地震作为中国的巨灾所带来的灾难性后果可以令整个世界都为之心悸。

同时，对汶川大地震的出色救援，也为新中国60年来的抗灾救灾画上了一个圆满的符号。

因此，回顾新中国成立60年来的减灾历程，全面总结60年来抗灾救灾的经验教训，对于探求应对灾害问题的科学对策，努力减轻各种灾害的侵袭和保障人民生命财产的安全，无疑具有重大的意义。

从多重灾难中走出来，在灾害的不断侵袭下迅速崛起，这当然是新中国战胜灾害的结果。

汶川大地震发生后，国外诸多媒体就评论“中国式救援无与伦比”，“赈灾凸显了中国的制度优势”。

因此，总结六十年抗灾救灾经历的经验，不只是为了证明这一结果，同时也是为了启迪未来，因为中华民族的复兴还有很长一段路要走，祖国的现代化进程中还会遭遇到各种灾害的侵袭，以往的经验对未来的抗灾、减灾有着异常重要的指导作用。

【参考译文】People’s Republic of China, the plague of locusts was sent into history as the largest one, but the flood and drought have been more deteriorating increasingly, typhoon and snow also cause large disasters at the same time. Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th in 2008 once again revealed that the catastrophic aftermath of earthquake as Chinese large disaster could make the whole world fear. Meanwhile, excellent rescue for Wenchuan earthquake rounded off Chinese disaster relief work since sixty years ago. Therefore, there’s no doubt that recalling the course of sixty-year disaster reduction and comprehensively summarizing lessons make big significance for us to exploit scientific countermeasures which can reduce effect of disasters and ensure people’s safety. It’s the consequence of our China to overcome disasters to come out of various disasters and rise sharply during the strike of disasters. After the Wenchuan earthquake, many foreign presses said that “Chinese rescues are unparalleled” and “provide disaster relief highlight the superiority of Chinese system”. As a result, it’s not only to demonstrate this consequence above to summarizing the sixty-years’ experience, but also enlighten our future. Because we have a long way to go and our during themodernization process we may come across various disasters, and previous experience can give us significant guidance and examples.三、英译汉（60分）Introduction: The Cooling of the Soup!In the Department of Manuscripts at the British Library is a sheet of geometrical notes by Leonardo Da Vinci. It is one of his last pieces of writing: it probably dates from 1518, the year before he died. The paper is adingy grey but the ink remains clear. There are some diagrams, and beside them a neatly blocked text written in his habitual, right-to-left ‘mirror-script’. It is not, on the face of it, one of Leonardo’s most exciting manuscripts, unless you happen to be an aficionado of Renaissance geometry. But it repays attention: it has a little twist in its tail. Three-quarters of the way down the page the text breaks off with an abrupt ‘etcetera’. The last line looks like part of the theorem—the handwriting has hardly wavered at all—but what it actually says is ‘perche la minesstra si fredda’. He has left off writing ‘because the soup is getting cold’.There are other small nuggets of domestic detail in Leonardo’s manuscripts, but this is the one I like best. It is not that it tells us a great deal: that Leonardo ate a bowl of lukewarm soup on a day in 1518 hardly qualifies as an important piece of biographical data. What seems to make it special is a quality of surprise, of casualness. Into the dry abstractions of his geometrical studies has intruded this moment of simple, daily humanity. One sees an old man at a table, intently writing.In another room one sees a bowl of soup, intently steaming. Probably it is vegetable soup, for in later life Leonardo was a vegetarian. Probably it has been cooked by his serving-woman, Mathurine, to whom he would soon bequeath a ‘coat of fine black cloth lined with fur’ in recognition of her ‘good service’. Is it she who calls to Leonardo da Vinci to tell him his soup is getting cold? He continues to write for a few moments longer—the time it takes to write ‘perche la minesstra si fredda’—and then he puts down his pen.There is also a hint of foreboding. As far as one can tell he never did return to these notes, and so this minor interruption seems to foreshadow the more definitive one soon to come. We might call this undistinguished looking page ‘Leonardo’s last theorem’—yet another unfinished project. The great enterprise of inquiry and exposition to which he has devoted his life tails off with this throwaway joke, this one-liner about the imperatives of dinner-time.For the biographer, such glimpses behind the scenes are heartening. Leonardo was an extraordinary man, but his life constantly intersected with ordinariness, and it is perhaps at those points of intersection that the biographer—that emissary sent out from the ordinary world—can make some kind of contact with him. There are all those complexities and profundities and world-famous paintings to grapple with, all those things that make Leonardo uniquely Leonardo, but here at least he is, for a moment, someone much like the rest of us.【参考译文】大英博物馆的手稿部门里存放着一张达芬奇的几何图形笔记。