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考研英语语法总结（完美版）从2002年起，研究生英语考试取消了语法、词汇等基础知识的考查，将此部分改考为听力。
但取消了此部分知识点的考查并不意味着英语语法等基础知识的不重要。
根据以往英语取得高分同学的经验和海文英语辅导名师的建议，他们都一致认为英语语法和词汇是学好、考好英语的重要基础，其实完形填空是对语法、词汇的综合考查，但更关键的是学好此部分有助于对英语句子结构的分析和理解，有助于学生掌握灵活多变的句式，这样不仅有助于学生做好阅读理解，而且有助于学生做好英译汉，写好作文。
（一）情态动词一．情态动词的现在完成式的用法情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。
在这两个方面must/mustn’t,; can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t; ougtht等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的1．表示已经发生的情况。
1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……”。
如：My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetic ally:” Are you feeling all right?” [A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be （答案为C）2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。
如：Mary my letter; otherwise she woul d have replied before now. [A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received （答案为A）3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。
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背诵三四十篇文章，建立在语法很清楚的基础上。
核心1）句子的基本成分分析2）非谓语动词3）从句词法概述词性按词义、词形及在句子中的功能可分为十大类1）名词：表示人或事物的名称，英文缩写n。
2）代词：代替名词或是数词（没见过）英文缩写pron。
要搞清指代对象；个别情况下可以指代一个句子（it that this),在非限定性定语从句里（as witch)也可以指代句子；(one ones)也可作代词，只带前面的名词，分别指带前面名词的（单数和复数）3）形容词：标示人或是事物的性质和特征，adj 或a。
（比较级或是最高级）4）副词：修饰动词、形容词、或是其他副词，adv或ad。
5）数词：标示数量或顺序，num。
6）动词：标示动作和状态（及物动词、不及物动词）7）冠词：标示名词的泛指或特指，art。
A、an表示不特定the标示特定的8）介词：标示名词或代词与其他词的关系，prep。
(主要用在名词或是代词的前面）9）连词：连接词与词、短语与短语、或句子与句子，conj。
10）感叹词：interj。
主要从含义，词形，句法功能上区分句法的概述句子的成分：主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语等句子的成分分为两种1）组成句子的基本元素：除了下面两者都是基本成分2）附加成分：定语、状语（却两者是句子是完整的【剩余的为主干】，只是意思不完整）主语:标示描述的是“谁”“或什么”（名词、代词、或与之相应的短语或句子担任）谓语：说明主语的动作和所处的状态，由（动词和动词短语承担）。
表语：说明主语的性质、特征、状态、名称、身份等，与系动词一起使用，（由名词、代词和形容词或与之相当的短语或句子承担）宾语：标示动作的对象或内容，用于介词后构成介词宾语，（名词，代词，或与之相应的短语和句子）（1）介词宾语（2）动词宾语部分动词：后跟间接宾语和直接宾语，直接宾语指动作的内容，间接宾语指动作的对象。
补语：补充说明主语或宾语，（形容词、名词或与之相当的短语担任）定语：修饰或限定名词，由（形容词或与之相当的从句或短语担任）代词后也可以跟定语。
考研英语基本语法知识点总结Studying basic grammar concepts is essential for success in the English section of the postgraduate entrance exam (考研英语基本语法概念的研究对考研英语部分的成功至关重要). Understanding grammar rules allows test-takers to communicate effectively, demonstrate their language proficiency, and avoid mistakes that could affect their scores (理解语法规则使考生能够有效沟通，展示他们的语言能力，并避免可能影响分数的错误).One key aspect to focus on is sentence structure, including subject-verb agreement, verb tense consistency, and word order (一个重要的焦点是句子结构，包括主谓一致性、动词时态一致性和词序). These elements help to ensure that sentences are clear, logical, and grammatically correct (这些元素有助于确保句子清晰、逻辑并且语法正确). Test-takers should practice identifying and correcting errors in sentence construction to improve their overall writing skills (考生应练习辨别和纠正句子构造中的错误以提高他们的写作技能).Another important grammar concept is the proper use of articles, including "a/an" and "the" (另一个重要的语法概念是正确使用冠词，包括"a/an"和"the"). Understanding when and how to use articles can significantly impact the clarity and precision of writing (理解何时以及如何使用冠词可以显著影响写作的清晰度和准确性). Test-takers should pay attention to articles in practice exercises and strive to use them correctly in their own writing (考生应注意练习中的冠词，并努力在自己的写作中正确使用它们).Additionally, mastering verb forms and tenses is crucial for conveying precise meaning in English sentences (此外，掌握动词形式和时态对于准确传达英语句子的意义至关重要). Test-takers should be familiar with the different verb forms (such as base form, present participle, and past participle) and understand how they are used in various contexts (考生应熟悉不同的动词形式（如基本形式、现在分词和过去分词）并了解它们在不同背景下的用法). Practice exercises that focus on verb conjugation and tense usage can help improve these skills (侧重于动词变位和时态使用的练习可以帮助提高这些技能).Furthermore, the proper use of pronouns is another important aspect of English grammar that test-takers should focus on (此外，正确使用代词也是考生应关注的英语语法的重要方面). Pronouns must agree in number, gender, and person with their antecedents to avoidconfusion or ambiguity in sentences (代词必须在数、性和人称上与其先行词保持一致，以避免句子中的混淆或模糊). Test-takers should practice using pronouns correctly in sentences and pay attention to any errors related to pronoun-antecedent agreement (考生应在句子中正确使用代词，并注意与代词先行词一致性相关的任何错误).In conclusion, mastering basic grammar knowledge is essential for success in the English section of the postgraduate entrance exam (总之，掌握基本语法知识对考研英语部分的成功至关重要). By focusing on sentence structure, articles, verb forms and tenses, and pronoun usage, test-takers can improve their language proficiency, communicate effectively, and avoid common mistakes that could impact their scores (通过注重句子结构、冠词、动词形式和时态以及代词的使用，考生可以提高他们的语言能力，有效沟通，并避免可能影响分数的常见错误). Practice and consistency are key to mastering these grammar concepts and achieving success in the exam (练习和持之以恒是掌握这些语法概念并在考试中取得成功的关键).。
历年考研英语语法完全版归纳精编W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】英语语法总结全集名词和主谓一致一、名词的分类英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1．可数名词可数名词一般都有单复数。
单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。
可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。
规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。
不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。
有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。
此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。
英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。
2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。
3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。
2．不可数名词不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。
但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。
在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。
You ought to go to the clinic at once. You don't look well.你脸色不好，应该马上到医务室去。
注：ought表示“应该”，语气比should强。
ought后加动词不定式的完成式时
指过去的动作。
如用肯定形式（ought to have done），表示某一件事该做而未做，相当于should have done.如用否定形式（ought not to have done），则表示一件不该做的事情发生了，相当于should not have done.如：
He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.这个练习他应当作得更细心一些。
I ought to have returned these books to the library last week.我上星期就应当把这些书还给图书馆。
You ought not to have been so rude.你不该这样粗鲁。
You ought not to have taken his skates without asking him.你不该没有得到他的许可就把他的冰鞋拿走。
考研英语语法总结经典版一、句子成分1.主语：句子中起名词或代词作用，通常位于句子的开头。
例：Tom likes to play basketball.（主语是Tom）2.谓语：句子中表示动作、状态或存在的部分，通常位于主语之后。
例：She is reading a book.（谓语是is reading）3.宾语：句子中接在动词后面的成分，回答“谁”或“什么”。
例：He bought a new car.（宾语是a new car）4.表语：句子中用来描述主语的成分，通常是形容词、名词或介词短语。
例：The weather is sunny.（表语是sunny）5.定语：句子中用来修饰名词或代词的成分，通常是形容词、数字、名词短语等。
例：The old man lives in the small house.（定语是the small house）6.状语：句子中用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，通常是副词或介词短语。
例：She works hard.（状语是hard）7.同位语：句子中用来解释、说明或补充前面名词或代词的成分。
例：My best friend, Alice, is a doctor.（同位语是Alice）二、时态和语态1.时态：表示动作发生的时间或状态的时间。
-现在时：表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。
例：I am reading a book.-过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例：He bought a new car.-将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
例：I will go to the beach tomorrow.-过去完成时：表示过去一些时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
例：She had finished her homework before dinner.2.语态：表示动作的主体和受体。
-主动语态：表示主语执行动作或状态。
例：He cleans the room every day.-被动语态：表示主语承受动作或状态。
考研英语需要掌握些语法口诀考研英语需要掌握哪些语法口诀阅读在考研中的作用和地位很重要，我们在复习的时候，需要抓住重点。
为大家精心准备了考研英语背诵语法的技巧，欢送大家前来阅读。
1、现在进展时Look, Listen是标志，现在进展正发生;有时now在句中现，“be+v-ing”时态成。
假设问be用何形式，须看主语数、人称。
三单is我am,你和复数are紧随 (即：He / She is, I am. We, you,they后are紧跟)。
v-ing形式更好记，三种构成要分清。
一般问句be提前，be后not否认成!2、一般现在时一般现在时态中，动词一般用原形。
表述事实讲真理，习惯动作常发生。
动词词尾加-s(es)，只表单数三人称。
假设变一般疑问句，得看句型是哪种。
系表构造和there be, be放句首即完成;假设遇实义动词句，do或does莫忘记!3、一般过去时肯定句的过去式。
规那么动词加ed，不规那么的必须记。
否认形式疑问句，没有be加did。
如把did加在前，动词还要归原形。
4、基数词变序数词基变序，很容易，一二三，特殊记，th从四起。
八去t来九去e，遇到ve，f替，ty变为tie，后加th莫迟疑，假设想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。
5、时间介词巧记歌年、月、季节前用in， (如：in xx, in September, in spring)日期前面行不通。
遇到几号或星期改用on来做代替， (如：on January 1，onWedesday)上午、下午、晚上仍用in。
(如：in themorning/afternoon/evening)假设是某日上下午，也是用on才能行。
(如：on theevening of the Mid-autumn Day)正午、夜里用at， (如：at noon, at night)时、分用法也同理。
(如：, at two, at two)如假设“差”点须加to， (如：two to two)如假设“过”点改past。
考研英语语法知识点归纳本内容将考研英语的语法点做了详细归纳，以便考生能系统性、针对性地学习和掌握，提高备考效率。
这里将考研英语语法点分成了7点，分别是1.简单句的核心2.简单句的拓展3.并列句4.复合句5.特殊句式6.普通结构的长难句7.特殊结构的长难句以下针对每一点做详细分析和解读。
一、简单句的核心目录1. 简单句的核心构成2. 简单句的核心变化2.1 谓语动词的核心变化2.1.1 谓语动词的时态变化2.1.2 谓语动词的情态变化2.1.3 谓语动词的语态变化2.1.4 谓语动词的否定变化2.1.5 谓语动词的强调变化2.2 主语、宾语、表语的变化2.2.1 名词、代词作主宾表2.2.2 非谓语动词doing作主宾2.2.3 非谓语动词to do作主宾表2.2.4 并列多个主宾表语1. 简单句的核心构成简单句：仅描述一件事情1.主谓结构：主语+谓语Smaller species survived.More apparent reasonableness followed.2.主谓宾结构：主语+谓语+宾语Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Many students experience both varieties.3.主谓双宾结构：{主+谓+人+物主+谓+物+介+人\begin{cases}& \text{主+谓+人+物} \\& \text{主+谓+物+介+人}\end{cases}{主+谓+人+物主+谓+物+介+人They gave justices permanent positions.…railroads charged all customers the same average rate.4.主谓宾补结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补You always keep your eyes open.The spooks call it “open source intelligence”.5.主系表结构：主语+系动词+表语常用系动词如下表：系动词注解be动词单独使用get/become/trun/go/grown“变得…”look/sound/smell/saste/feel感官动词(看/听/闻/尝/感觉) keep remain/seem appear/prove保持/看起来/证明This is a dangerous game.Their behavior became markedly different.And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability…2. 简单句的核心变化2.1 谓语动词的核心变化谓语动词只能有一个，由一个或几个单词构成一个整体2.1.1 谓语动词的时态变化时态表格如下，加粗为重点掌握：态\时过去现在将来过去将来一般did do/does will do/be going to do would do/(was/were) going to do进行was/were doing be doing w ill/shall be doing完成had done have/has done will have done完成进行had been doing have/has been doing will have been doing1.一般过去时指过去的事谓语动词⟹did (was/were)Last year Japan experenced 2125 incident of school violence.…this city was one of the largest human settlements in the word.2.一般过去时指现在的状态，现在经常性/习惯性的事谓语动词⟹do/does (is/are)So far the results are inconlusive.Today it makes almost no difference.3.一般将来时指现在的将来谓语动词⟹will do/be going to doWe will have a less civil society.I don’t know if other clients are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hot-contested market.4.过去将来时指过去的将来，常与一般过去时一起使用谓语动词⟹would do/(was/were) going to doThey gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors … was going to be the next casualty.5.过去完成时指过去的之前谓语动词⟹had doneHe had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five.6.现在完成时指现在的之前，跨越过去→现在两个时间段谓语动词⟹have/has doneTime has given them legitimacy.For the most part, the response has been favorable.补充：现在完成时常加"already,just,ever,never,lonely,also"等副词作为补充成分。
考研英语基础语法汇总一、非谓语动词( V+ing, V+ed)1, 动名词(1)作主语和宾语Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。
(2)作介词宾语We get pleasure from loving and being loved.我们从爱别人和被别人爱中得到快乐。
2,分词作定语(1)前置The beginning student should be given more encouragement.初学者应多给予鼓励。
A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.均衡的食物使你的身体获得营养。
(2)后置Those living on a mountain live off the mountain.靠山吃山Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizen.小时候受过良好教育的儿童长大会成为好公民。
3，分词作状语Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.听到这个消息，他们立即出发到上海去了。
Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.从这个塔上远眺，紫金山南麓是树的海洋。
Printed white, the house looks bigger.漆成白色后，这房子像是更大了。
Having written an important letter, I litsened to the music for a while.写完一封重要的信之后，我听了一会儿音乐。
Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.持极端观点的人认为，人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，所以对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
定语从句一、定语从句的概念什么是定语从句？例 : A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs the least.用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫着定语从句。
有两个必备的基本元素。
一个是先行词；一个是关系词。
1.名词或代词做先行词。
例：He laughs best who laughs last.2.短语做先行词。
Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.3.用句子做先行词。
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.I am a student which you all know.当先行词与关系词被割裂时是如何表现的。
如：Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off.找先行词的方法。
反证法。
把它带进去。
哪一个是通顺的，哪一个就是先行词。
1.翻译定语从句。
2.结合先行词的结构特点和位置特征在关系词之前寻找与定语从句的意思的有逻辑关系相符合的词。
二、定语从句里面的关系代词的用法。
1.常用的关系代词：which, that, who, whom。
Whom现在用的很少。
前面有介词只能用which，不能用 that。
2.关系代词在考试中的特殊情况。
What:1)它是子母同体。
相当于一个关系代词以及一个先行词。
What前面不应该在出现先行词。
如果前面已经偶一个关系词，就不能用 what来引导。
例如：You can have everything what you like. what=all that,所以这儿不能用 what.All---is a continuous supplying of the basic necessities of lifeA. what is the needB. the things needC. for our needsD. that is need2)what单独使用，后面不加名词。
例如：She is not what she used to be.3)what后面加名词例如：What money I have has been given to you.1997年考题：______he knows about it is out of date and in accurateA. What littleB. So muchC. How muchD. So littleas1. like2.作为3. when4.引导定语从句。
即可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
引导限制性定语从句一般式固定用法。
如 as⋯as, such⋯asas引导非限制性定语从句例如：I was a boy which you know. which可以用 as替换。
As is so often pointed out knowledge is a two edge weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.as引导限制性定语从句考试中往往考固定搭配。
例如：Such a student as works hard were be sure to succeed.than作为关系代词可以引导定语从句More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home ____ was common in the traditional family structure .A.thanB.thatC.whichD.as特点：1) than作为关系代词引导词在从句中一般必须做主语或者作宾语。
2) than前面的主句必须要有比较级3)比较级所修饰的名词就是 than指代的对象三、关系副词When引导的定语从句。
1)先行词必须是表示时间的名词。
Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.2)如何区分 when引导的定语从句和状语从句。
用句子表示状语就是状语从句。
例如：When I go to school, I will work hard.从两方面区分：When引导的定语从句前一定有表示时间的名词；When引导的状语语从句前没有有表示时间的名词。
从翻译的角度看如果是引导的定语从句可以不翻译。
如果是状语从句就必须翻译成当⋯⋯时候。
When=on whichWherewhere=in whichwhere引导的从句先行词必须是表示地点的名词。
例如：I was born in Beijing where the Olympic games will be held.先行词表示地点,不一定用 where来引导。
例如：I have never been to Beijing ,but it's the place __.A.where I'dlike to visitB.in which I'd like to visitC.I most want to visitD.thar I want to visit it most名词从句讲五个问题：一、名词从句的本质。
1.概念：就是把一个完整的句子当一个名词来使用。
那么从句就具备了名词所具备的所有性质。
主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
2.引导名词从句常用的连词。
有三类：1）that; 2)whether,if; 3)when,where ,how等连接副词或 what,who,whose等连接代词。
That引导的名词性从句不能做任何句子成分。
what一定在从句中充当主语或者宾语。
Which和 whose后面必须接名词。
例如：Concerns were raised __witness might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.A.whatB.whenC.whichD.that3)多重的名词从句现象。
例如：I realized that what I said was not exactly what meant to say.考题：Prof. Lee's book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.[A] that you have observed[B] that how you have observed[C] how that you have observed[D] how what you have observed二、名词从句中的主语从句主语从句有如下几种表示方式：1.用 which, that放在句首引导主语从句。
例如：That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.3.用 it is +ved+that 例如：It is believed that you are good boy.3.用 whether引导主语从句。
例如：Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable.三、宾语从句需要掌握的几点：及物动词后面的宾语从句。
20XX年例句：Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us?四、表语从句就是一句话做另一个句子的表语。
就是把从句放在系动词的后面。
1997年例句：A report consistently brought back by visits to the US is how friendly, cautious and hopeful most Americans were to them.五、同位语从句就是用来补充说明同位语的名词成分的句子。
结构是：名词+that+从句。
同位语从句与宾语从句和定语从句的区别：引导宾语从句和定语从句的的 that, which可以省略，而引导同位语从句的 that不能省略。
定语从句中的 that必须在从句中扮演主语或者宾语。
同位语从句的 that不扮演任何成分。
例如：There is a popular saying that family instability causes social instability. that不做句子成分。
状语从句1.状语从句的本质。
就是用一个句子来作另外一个句子的状语。
状语从句的分类：时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、比较状语、方式状语。
20XX年例句Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, ____ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.A. whenB. sinceC. forD. whereas难点：1.When常考的句型：Hardly⋯when; when it comes that; when it comes to ;1991年例句：____to speak when the audience interrupted him.A. Hardly had he begunB. No sooner hardly had he begunC. Not until he beginD. Scarcely had he begin1998年例句：Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests.A. beforeB. as C since D. when2.地点状语从句Where引导地点状语一般总是放在主句的后面。
