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非谓语动词1.非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。
[思维导图]2.非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次这种动词形式不能做谓语。
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。
3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般式句子的主语。
4．（1）若提示词为动词，句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，就该填谓语动词，此时要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致，有时还需考虑虚拟语气。
（2）若提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，就该填非谓语动词，就要确定是v.－ing形式，v.－ed形式，还是不定式。
一般来说，v.－ing 形式表示主动、进行；v.－ed形式表示被动、完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
命题点一动词不定式不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to＋动词原形”。
不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
(一)不定式的用法1．作主语(1)不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2．作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：我们一致同意在校门口见面。
非谓语动词一．非谓语动词：动词的某种特殊形式，在句子中做除谓语外的其他成分。
分类：动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词。
二．动词不定式：构成：to do。
否定形式：not to do .发生。
eg: I plan to live a busy life in high school.She seems to be unhappy.The computer needs to be repaired.完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
eg: I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.The house seems to have been broken into.进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
eg: She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.He happened to be searching my bag when I came in.2.句法功能：(1)做主语：To see is to believe. 眼见为实/百闻不如一见。
It is adj for/of sb to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是It is impossible for me to live alone in Beijing.It is not easy to find your way around the town.(2)做宾语：afford, agree, aim, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, remember, want, wish, promise, happeneg: She has determined to be a leader.注: 如果不定式做宾语，且后面有宾补时，把不定式后置，用it来做形式宾语。
非谓语动词非谓语动词是指那些在剧中不能单独充当句子位于成分的动词形式。
基本形式有四种：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）、分词（participle）、和独立主格结构（absolute structure）。
一、不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词中使用最广泛的一种，在句子中，它除了做谓语外，可以担当其他任何成分，可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。
它在句中其名词、形容词举例：It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.He seems to be eating something.According to your market report, demand seems to be returning.The local health organization is reported to have been set up twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audio became its first president.不定式的语法功能：1) 作主语The traditional rule was that it’s safer (to stay where you are), but that’s been f undamentally inverted. The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.2) 作宾语Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events.He feels it his duty to help others.3) 作表语But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.4) 作定语Tom made the decision to go around the world in three years all alone.She has the ambition to learn other languages.The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under aconstant emotional strain.5) 作状语A sad thing about life is when you meet someone and fall in love, only to find out in the end that you have wasted years on someone who wasn’t worth it.6) 作补语The man was seen to fall heavily to the ground and never get up again.注：使役动词如make、let、have等以及感官动词hear、see、feel、watch、notice等之后所加的不定式要省略to，但是在被动语态中不可省略。
例如我们说see sb play on the ground，但被动态中我们说sb is seen to play on the ground。
不带to的动词不定式1. 在do…but/except结构中，当but或except前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后接不带to的动词不定式。
The train is late, and I can do nothing but wait.比较：There was so serious a matter that I had no choice but to call in the police.2. 在had better, would rather/sooner…than…, rather…than, would just as soon, might just aswell, cannot (help) but…等之后都必须接动词原形。
Tom cannot but ask his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has encountered in doing the project.3. 在do far more than后面不定式省略to。
In the course of a day students do far more than just attend classes.4. 在感官动词或使役动词，如hear, listen to, feel, see, look at, watch, notice, observe, perceive,let, make, bid, have, note, leave等之后，不定式作宾语补足语时不带to。
She felt someone pat her on the head.for + 名（代）词+ 不定式It’s just inconceivable for a child to do that job.That is for you to decide.It’s time for us to go.He stood aside for her to pass.不定式的完成式：1. 不定式的一般式to do不能表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作，若要表达此意，需用to havedoneAlbert Einstein, the great American scientist, is estimated to have had the incredible IQ of 200.2. 表示非真实的过去，本打算做但实际上没有实现的动作，如mean, intend, think, plan, hope,wish, purpose, would/should like, was/were等。
I meant to have telephoned, but I forgot.I planned to have visited you last night, but I was too busy.I was to have visited you last night.I was to have telephoned, but I forgot.二、动名词举例：Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.There is no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite having resigned from leadership of it, would intervene personally.以主动态表被动义：deserve, need, require, want, bear, take(需要), stand(忍受), worth等。
The method deserves recommending.Your hair needs cutting.That novel is not worth reading.动名词的语法功能：1) 作主语Home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder – kitchen rage.2) 做宾语The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing.3) 作表语The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.Wasting time is robbing oneself.4) 作定语Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.动名词的复合结构：名词属格或物主代词+ 动名词Sophia’s having seen them did not surprise us.It’s no use your trying to deceive me.I can’t bear his staying up so late.Excuse my interrupting you.三、分词现在分词：动词原形+ing过去分词：动词原形+edBuilding on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence (by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations), manipulating a number of variables relating to (p eople’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced).现在分词与过去分词区别现在分词与动名词的区别：1）现在分词是动词的一种非限定形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句子中做定语、表语、状语，有时也用在复合结构中。
