大学英语4中第六第七单元的课文大意概括

大学英语精读第四册第六单元内容讲解大学英语精读第四册第六单元内容讲解导语：大家应该都是喜欢看书的人吧，那么大家知道怎么标记一本书吗，下面是一篇讲述如何标记一本书的英语课文，欢迎大家参考。

Text"Don't ever mark in a book!" Thousands of teachers, librarians and parents have so advised. But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn't preserve its physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in the true sense of the word and make it a part of yourself.HOW TO MARK A BOOKMortimer J. AdlerYou know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher'sicebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -- unread, untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of "Paradise Lost" than I'd give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt!I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or thethoughts the author expressed. Let me develop these three points.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. you can't let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, "Gone with the Wind," doesn't require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you're asleep.If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know. He invariably read with pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls " caviar factories" on the margins. When that happens, he puts the book down. He knows he's too tired to read, and he's just wasting time.But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen thosequestions. You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement, disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It's like resuming an interrupted conversation with the advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author. Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you'll have the proper humility as you approach him. But don't let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end. Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn't consist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author.There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here's the way I do it:1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements.2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined.3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emphasize the ten or twenty most important statements in the book.4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes in developing a single argument.5. Number of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be separated by many pages, belong together.6. Circling of key words or phrases.7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions (and perhaps answers) which a passage raise in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book. I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author's points in the order of their appearance.The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy bookplate, I reserve them for fancy thinking. After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I've already done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts. This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the work.New Wordspersuadevt. cause (sb.) to do sth. by reasoning, arguing, etc. 说服，劝服librariann. 图书馆管理员propertyn. (collectively) things owned; possessions 财产preluden. action, event, etc. that serves as an introduction 序幕;前奏曲possessionn. possessing; ownership; (pl.) property 拥有;所有权;财产ownershipn. the possessing (of sth.); right of possessing 所有(权)illustrationn. an example which explains the meaning of sth.; adn explanatory picture, diagram, etc. 例;图例;插图beefsteakn. 牛排transfervt. had over the possession of (property, etc.); change officially from one position, etc. to another 转移;调动butchern. a person who kills, cuts up and sells animals for food 屠夫iceboxn. a box where food is kept cool with blocks of ice; (AmE) refrigeratorbloodstreamn. the blood as it flows through the blood vessels of the body 血流absorbvt. take or such in (liquids); take in (knowledge, ideas, etc.)吸收best-sellern. book that is sold in very large numbers 畅销书individualn. any one human being ( contrasted with society ) 个人woodpulpn. 木(纸)浆dipv. plunge or be plunged quickly or briefly into a liquid, esp. to wet or coat 浸;蘸shinya. giving off light as if polished; bright 发亮的restrainvt. prevent; control; hold back 抑制;控制，约束dogeareda. (of a book) having he corners of the pages bent down with use, like a dog's ears (书页)卷角的dilapidateda. (of things) broken and old; falling to pieces 破旧的;倾坍的'loosenv. make or become loose or looser (使)松开continuala. repeated; frequent 不断的;频繁的scribblev. write hastily or carelessly; write meaningless marks on paper, etc. 潦草书写;乱涂preservevi. keep safe from harm of danger 保护;保存intacta. untouched; undamaged 完整无损的elegantlyad. beautifully; gracefully 优美地;雅致地elegant a.bind (bound)vt. tie or fasten with a rope, etc.; fasten together sheets of (a book) and enclose within a cover 捆，绑;装订(书)editionn. form in which a book is published; total number of copies (of a book, newspaper, etc.) issued from the same types (书等的)版本;版paradisen. the Garden of Eden; Heaven 伊甸园;天堂crayonn. 蜡笔; 颜色笔originala. of or relating to an origin or beginning; being the first instance or source from which a cop can be made 最初的;原著的;原创作者的paintingn. a painted picture; picturestatuen. an image of a person or animal in wood, stone, bronze, etc. 雕像inseparablea. impossible to separate from one anothermanufacturevt. make, produce on a large scale by machinery 制造;(大量)生产magnificenta. splendid; remarkable 华丽的;宏伟的indispensablea. absolutely essential or necessary 必不可少的consciousa. aware; able to feel and think 有意识的;神志清醒understandingn. knowledge of the nature of sth., based esp. on learning or experience 理解fictionn. (branch of literature concerned with) stories, novels and romances 小说croonvi. sing gently in a low soft voice, usu. with much feeling 低声吟唱readern. person who readsinvariablyad. unchangeable; constantly 不变地;始终如一地intelligenta. having or showing a high degree of powers of reasoning or understanding 聪明的caviar(e)n. 鱼子酱sharpenv. become or make sharp(er)disagreementn. the fact or a case of disagreeing; lack of similarity 分歧;不一致disagree viinquiryn. question; asking 询问resumevt. go on after stopping for a time (中断后)重新开始naturallyad. of course; as one could have expectedhumilityn. humble condition or state of mind 谦卑solelyad. not including anything else or any others; onlysole a.receptaclen. a container for keeping things in 容器literallyad. actually; virtually 确实地;简直fruitfullyad. productively; with good results 富有成果地fruitful a.underlinevt. draw a line under (a word, etc.) esp. to show importance 在……下划线(表示强调)forcefula. strong; powerfulverticala. 垂直的emphasizevt. call attention to; stress 强调asteriskn. a starlike mark used to call attention to sth. 星号(即*)doo-dadn. (informal) a fancy, trifling ornament 小装饰物sparinglyad. economically; frugally 节约地sequencen. succession; connected line of events, ideas, etc. 顺序;连续;一连串relevanta. connected with what is being discussed; appropriate 有关的;适宜的phrasen. 短语end-papern. (often pl.) a piece of blank paper stuck inside the cover atthe beginning or end of a book 衬页indexn. 索引fancya. not ordinary; brightly coloured 别致的;花哨的bookplaten. a piece of paper with the owner's name, usu. pasted to the inside front cover of a book 藏书票integratevt. put or bring together (parts) into a whole 使成一整体structuren. way in which sth. is put together, organized, etc.; framework or essential parts of a building 结构basica. essential; fundamental 主要的;基本的unitym. an arrangement of parts to form a complete whole; the state of being united 总体布局;统一Phrases & Expressionsread between the lines(fig.) find more meaning than the words appear to express 体会字里行间的言外之意do(sb.) goodhelp or benefit (sb.) 帮助(某人);对(某人)有益dip intoread or study for a short time or without much attention 浏览;稍加探究no more……than……in no greater degree……than……a set ofa number of (thing that belong together) 一套so to speak/ say(used as an apology for an unusual use of a word or phrase) as one might say; if I may use this expression, etc. 可以说;容许我打个譬喻get in the waybecome a nuisance or hindrance 挡道;碍事in the second placeas the second thing in order or importance 第二，其次think throughthink about until one reaches an understanding or conclusion 彻底全面考虑reach forstretch out one's hand to grasp; make an effort to grasp 伸手去抓;努力争取set downwrite down on paperpick upstart again after interruption 中断后重新开始leave offstopconsist inlie in; be equivalent to 在于;存在于tie upconnect closely; fasten with rope, etc. 系紧;捆牢reduce……tostate in a more concise form; summarize as 把……归纳为Proper NamesRembrandt伦勃朗(姓氏)Dewey杜威(姓氏) Vallee瓦利(姓氏) Hutchins哈钦斯Chicago芝加哥(美国城市)。

新视野大学英语第二版第四册读写教程课文翻译Unit62011-02-23 20:16Unit6_a商科学生有时对课程里包含商业道德课略感吃惊。

他们通常没意识到在很多国家，形形色色的贿赂行为正日益增多。

在某些国家，这已成为人们几百年来的一种生活方式。

假定在一场与政府官员的谈判中，贸易部长向你明确表示如能给他一大笔贿赂，那么你的商品拿到进口许可证就会容易得多，还可能避免他所说的“程序上的延误”。

现在的问题是：你是被迫掏钱呢，还是坚持原则？高尚的道德标准说起来容易，但实际上人们在这种情况下究竟会怎么做呢？早些时候，一家英国汽车制造商被指控利用一笔基金行贿，并进行其他一些可疑运作，如给代理商和客户高额回扣、提供额外折扣、向一些在瑞士银行开的匿名账户汇款等。

这家汽车公司否认了这些指控，后来指控也被撤销了。

然而，当时英国汽车业里就有人准备私下里说：“瞧，我们这一行竞争激烈，每年我们汽车的海外销售额超过10亿英镑。

如果花几百万英镑能让一些客户高兴，谁会有损失呢？我们不这样干，别人也会这样干的。

”很容易产生这样的印象：贿赂以及其他可疑开支正日渐增多。

的确，这似乎已成为商界的一个事实。

仅举一例：美国第三大汽车制造企业克莱斯勒汽车公司透露，它在1971至1976年间共发生了250万美元的可疑开支。

这一事实的披露，使克莱斯勒与其他300多家美国公司一样，向美国证券交易委员会承认自己近年曾有过某种形式的支出，像贿赂、额外打折等。

为方便讨论起见，我们可将这些支出分为三大类。

第一大类是那些为政治目的或为获得大宗合同所付出的大笔款项。

比如，有一家美国企业曾因可能违反美国商业法规而受调查，当时它捐出一大笔款项支持一位总统候选人。

后来发现，这家公司也打算资助美国推翻智利政府的秘密行动。

这一大类也包括为得到武器销售或重大的石油、建筑等项目的合同而向权势家族及其身边的顾问所付出的大笔款项。

在一桩涉及对伊朗武器销售的案子中，一位证人声称一家英国公司曾付给某“洽谈人”100万英镑。

Unit 1Active reading (1)大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。

在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？七月，你看着21岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。

这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、能偶尔参加聚会的印象开始消退。

但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。

等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。

他只是偶尔走开去发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。

这位前“千禧一代”的后裔一夜之间变成了“哼哼一代”的成员。

他能找到工作吗？这就是成千上万家庭所面临的景象：今年夏天，超过65万大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。

父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者，他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。

来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。

他走进大学就业服务中心，又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。

跟他一起住的另外5个男孩也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。

找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。

他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒了。

他们给的年薪是1万8千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐煮豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。

然后我又申请了公务员速升计划，并通过了笔试。

但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家治国论者’。

我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。

”打那以后他整个夏天都在“躲”。

他能够轻松复述《交通警察》中的若干片段，他白天看电视的时间太多，已经到了影响健康的地步。

跟朋友谈自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己的并没有两样。

Unit7In the days following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Daily News staff writer Corky Siemaszko wrote several snapshots of the city's mood at the time. Siemaszko offered similar snapshots on the first few anniversaries of the attacks.Here we present a selection from the series. 9/11恐怖袭击后的数日内，《每日新闻》的专职撰稿人科基•西马兹科撰写了数篇反映纽约市当时氛围的快讯。

在9/11的头几个周年纪念日，西马兹科又写了一些类似的快讯。

下面是从其中选出的几篇Snapshots of New York's Mood after 9/11Corky Siemaszko9/11后纽约氛围写照科基•西马兹科1.DAY OF TERROROriginally published: 9/12/2001The morning coffee was still cooling when our grandest illusion was shattered.Within minutes, one of New York's mightiest symbols was a smoldering mess and the nation's image of invincibility was made a lie.恐怖的一日最初发表于2001年9月12日早晨的咖啡还没有凉，我们最宏伟的幻想却已被粉碎。

在数分钟时间内，纽约最显赫的象征之一成了一堆余烟未尽的废墟，而这个国家不可战胜的形象也成了一个谎言。

2. As the World Trade Center crumpled and the streets filled with screams and scenes of unimaginable horror, choking smoke blotted out the sun and plunged lower Manhattan into darkness.当世界贸易中心倒塌、街道上到处都有人哭叫、充满难以想象的恐怖场景时，令人窒息的烟雾遮住了太阳，使曼哈顿下城区陷入了一片黑暗。

Unit 6[4] All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe.There are risks, often potentially serious ones, associated with every hobby we have, every job we take, every food we eat—in other words, with every action.But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. Some actions are riskier than others.The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly[N].4 上面说的这一切，只是从另一角度说明我们所做的事没有一件是百分之百安全的。

有些风险——常常是潜在的重大风险——与我们的每个业余爱好、所做的每项工作、所吃的每种食物有关，换句话说，与所进行的任何活动有关。

但我们又不能，也不该因危险存在于我们将要做的每件事，而变成战战兢兢的神经症患者。

有些活动是比其它活动更危险。

关键在于要让自己了解相应的风险，然后相机行事。

8] Once we understand that risk can never be totally eliminated from any situation and that, therefore, nothing is completely safe, we will then see that the issue is not one of avoiding risks altogether but rather one of managing risks in a sensible way[N].Risk management requires two things: common sense and information about the character and degree of the risks we may be running.8 我们一旦明白了风险是永远无法从任何情况中完全去除的，因而就没有绝对安全的事，我们也就会明白问题的关键不是要彻底避免风险，而是要理智地管理风险。

大学英语4中第六第七单元的课文大意概括The article mainly talks about Once upon a time, technology,we thought,would make our lives easier.Machines were expected to do our work for us,leaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and pleasure.But instead of liberating us,technology has enslaved us.As the speed of life in today`s world grows ever faster,we seem forever on the go.“Old father time becomes a terror" tells us that the fast pace of life nowadays ma kes people feel timepressed. Instead of liberating us, the development of technolog y enslaves us. people feel time famine as a result of technological development, in formation explosion and rising prosperity. The fundamental solution tothe problem l ies in the fewer desires people have。

We don't let these high-tech things control of our time, we're going to do what we think we should do something, to reduce our desire。

英语翻译Unit one Nine to fivepassage1 大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。

在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？1 七月，你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着大学荣誉学位证书，拍毕业照。

这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退。

但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。

2 等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。

除此之外，他只是偶尔发发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，或者去酒吧喝酒。

这位属于“千禧一代”的年轻人一夜之间变成了“抱怨一代”的成员。

他能找到工作吗？3 这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况：今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下，他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。

父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者。

他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。

4 来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。

他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。

跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。

找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。

5 他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒绝了。

他们给的年薪是 1.8万镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐豆子，可他们还要有工作经历或硕士学位的人。

然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划，并通过了笔试。

但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家政治论者’。

我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。

”6 打那以后，他整个夏天都在“隐身”。

他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中的若干片段。

他白天看电视的时间太长，已经到了影响健康的地步。

21世纪⼤学英语第四册Unit7课⽂详解读写教程21世纪⼤学英语第四册Unit7课⽂详解（读写教程） 导语：运⾏成功的公司⼀般都会有⾃⼰的⼯作规则，下⾯是⼀篇关于这⽅⾯的英语课⽂，欢迎⼤家来学习。

Running a Successful Company: Ten Rules that Worked for Me Sam Walton A whole lot has changed about the retailing business in the forty-seven years we've been in it—including some of my theories. We've changed our minds about some significant things along the way and adopted some new principles —particularly about the concept of partnership in a corporation. But most of the values and the rules and the techniques we've relied on have stayed the same the whole way. Some of them are such simple commonsense old favorites that they hardly seem worth mentioning. This isn't the first time that I've been asked to come up with a list of rules for success, but it is the first time I've actually sat down and done it. I'm glad 1 did because it's been a revealing exercise for me. I do seem to have a couple of dozen things that I've singled out at one time or another as the "key" to the whole thing. One I don't even have on my list is "work hard." If you don't know that already, or you're not willing to do it, you probably won't be going far enough to need my list anyway. And another I didn't include on the list is the idea of building a team. If you want to build an enterprise of any size at all, it almost goes without saying that you absolutely must create a team of people who work together and give real meaning to that overused word "teamwork." To me, that's more the goal of the whole thing, rather than some way to get there. I believe in always having goals, and always setting them high. I can certainly tell you that the folks at Wal-Mart have always had goals in front of them. In fact, we have sometimes built real scoreboards on the stage at Saturday morning meetings. One more thing. If you're really looking for my advice here, trying to get something serious out of this exercise I put myself through, remember: these rules are not in any way intended to be the Ten Commandments of Business. They are some rules that worked for me. But I always prided myself on breaking everybody else's rules, and I always favored the mavericks who challenged my rules. I may have fought them all the way, but I respected them, and, in the end, I listened to them a lot more closely than I did the pack who always agreed with everything I said. So pay special attention to Rule 10, and if you interpret it in the right spirit — as it applies to you — it could mean simply: Break All the Rules. For what they're worth, here they are. Sam's Rules for Building a Business: RULE 1: COMMIT to your business. Believe in it more than anybody else. I think I overcame every single one of my personal shortcomings by the sheer passion I brought to my work. I don't know if you're born with this kind of passion, or if you can learn it. But I do know you need it. If you love your work, you'll be out there every day trying to do it the best you possibly can, and pretty soon everybody around will catch the passion from you — like a fever. RULE 2: SHARE your profits with all your associates, and treat them as partners. In turn, they will treat you as a partner, and together you will all perform beyond your wildest expectations. Remain a corporation and retain control if you like, but behave as a servant leader in a partnership. Encourage your associates to hold a stake in the company. Offer discounted stock, and grant them stock for their retirement. It's the single best thing we ever did. RULE 3: MOTIVATE your partners. Money and ownership alone aren't enough. Constantly, day by day, think of new and more interesting ways to motivate and challenge your partners. Set high goals, encourage competition, and then keep score. Make bets with outrageous payoffs. If things get stale, cross-pollinate; have managers switch jobs with one another to stay challenged. Keep everybody guessing as to what your next trick is going to be. Don't become too predictable. RULE 4: COMMUNICATE everything you possibly can to your partners. The more they know, the more they'll understand. The more they understand, the more they'll care. Once they care, there's no stopping them. If you don't trust your associates to know what's going on, they'll know you don't really consider them partners. Information is power, and the gain you get from empowering your associates more than offsets the risk of informing your competitors. RULE 5: APPRECIATE everything your associates do for the business. A paycheck and a stock option will buy one kind of loyalty. But all of us like to be told how much somebody appreciates what we do for them. We like to hear it often, and especially when we have done something we're really proud of. Nothing else can quite substitute for a few well-chosen, well-timed, sincere words of praise. They're absolutely free — and worth a fortune. RULE 6: CELEBRATE your successes. Find some humor in your failures. Don't take yourself so seriously. Loosen up,and everybody around you will loosen up. Have fun. Show enthusiasm — always. When all else fails, put on a costume and sing a silly song. Then make everybody else sing with you. Don't do a hula on Wall Street like I did. Think up your own stunt. All of this is more important, and more fun, than you think, and it really fools the competition. "Why should we take those cornballs at Wal-Mart seriously?" RULE 7: LISTEN to everyone in your company. And figure out ways to get them talking. The folks on the front lines —the ones who actually talk to the customer — are the only ones who really know what's going on out there. You'd better find out what they know. This really is what total quality is all about. To push responsibility down in your organization, and to force good ideas to bubble up within it, you must listen to what your associates are trying to tell you. RULE 8: EXCEED your customers' expectations. If you do, they'll come back over and over. Give them what they want — and a little more. Let them know you appreciate them. Fix all your mistakes, and don't make excuses — apologize. Stand behind everything you do. The two most important words I ever wrote were on that first Wal-Mart sign: "Satisfaction Guaranteed." They're still up there, and they have made all the difference. RULE 9: CONTROL your expenses better than your competition. This is where you can always find the competitive advantage. For twenty-five years running long before Wal-Mart was known as the nation's largest retailer — we ranked number one in our industry for the lowest ratio of expenses to sales. You can make a lot of different mistakes and still recover if you run an efficient operation. Or you can be brilliant and still go out of business if you're too inefficient. RULE 10: SWIM upstream. Go the other way. Ignore the conventional wisdom. If everybody else is doing it one way, there's a good chance you can find your niche by going in exactly the opposite direction. But be prepared for a lot of folks to wave you down and tell you you're headed the wrong way. I guess in all my years, what I heard more often than anything was: a town of less than 50,000 population cannot support a discount store for very long. Those are some pretty ordinary rules, some would say even simplistic. The hard part, the real challenge, is to constantly figure out ways to execute them. You can't just keep doing what works one time, because everything around you is always changing. To succeed, you have to stay out in front of that change. New Words partnership n. the state of being a partner or partners, esp. in a business; a group of two or more people working, playing, etc. together as partners; a business with two or more owners 合伙(关系);伙伴(关系);合伙企业 common sense n. practical good sense gained from experience of life, not by special study 常识;(由实际⽣活经验得来的)判断⼒ commonsense a. having or showing practical good sense; sensible; practical; clear 有常识的;明⽩事理的;注重实际的;清楚明⽩的 revealing a. 有启迪作⽤的，发⼈深省的 reveal vt. make (facts, etc.) known 揭⽰，揭露;透露 enterprise n. a business company or firm 企业单位，公司 overuse vt. use (sth.) too much or too often 使⽤…过多;使⽤…过度 teamwork n. organized effort as a team 协同⼯作，配合 scoreboard n. a board on which a score is shown 记分牌，⽰分牌;(商业活动等的)记录牌 commandment n. 1. command; order 戒律;命令 2. (in the Bible) any of the Ten Commandments, ten laws given by God to the Jews (基督教⼗诫中的)⼀诫 maverick n. a person with independent or unusual views 持不同意见者;持异议者 pack n. a gang or band of people ⼀帮⼈，⼀伙⼈ partne r / p >。

6A1|人生的两条真理| 亚历山大·M·辛德勒人生的艺术就是要懂得收与放。

而人生就是这样一个矛盾：尽管到头来注定一切都不能长久，它还是令我们依恋于它所赋予的各种恩赐。

正如古人所言：“一个人出生时拳头紧握，过世时却松手而去。

”2当然，我们应该紧紧把握人生，因为它既神奇，又美丽。

我们都懂得这个道理。

可是我们却常常在回首往事时才突然觉醒，意识到其中之美，可为时已晚，一切都时过境迁。

3我们记起的是褪色的美、消逝的爱。

但是这种记忆中却饱含了苦涩，我们痛惜没有在美丽绽放的时候注意到它，没有在爱情到来的时候做出回应。

4我自己最近的一个经历又令我悟出了这其中的道理。

剧烈的心脏病发作以后我被送进了医院的重症监护病房。

那地方可不是好呆的。

5一天上午，我要接受几项辅助检查。

因为检查的器械在医院另一侧的一座楼内，所以我只能坐在轮椅上让人推着穿过庭院才能到达那里。

就在从病房里出来的那一刻，阳光正照在我身上。

我所感觉到的就只有这阳光，它如此美丽，如此温暖，如此璀璨和辉煌！6我看看周围是否有人也沉醉在这金色的阳光中，然而，人人却来去匆匆，大都目不斜视，双眼只盯着地面。

这时我想到自己平常又何尝不是往往对身边的美景视而不见而沉湎于日常细小的、有时甚至是低俗的琐事之中呢！7从这次经历中所获得的顿悟就像这个经历本身一样，并无什么奇特之处：生活的恩赐是宝贵的，只是我们对此太掉以轻心罢了。

8那么人生给我们的第一个矛盾的真理就是：不要因为太过忙碌而错过了人生的美好和壮丽。

虔诚地迎接每一个黎明的到来。

把握每一个小时，抓住宝贵的每一分每一秒。

9紧紧把握住人生，但不要紧得放不开。

这是生活的另一面，是矛盾体的另一极：我们必须接受损失，学会放手。

10做到这一点并不容易，尤其是当我们还年轻，自以为世界在我们的掌握之中，只要满腔热情、全力以赴地去渴求，我们就能得到我们想要的东西，而且一定能得到！但是，生活在继续，它要我们去面对现实，慢慢地也是实实在在地，生活让我们懂得了第二个真理。

Unit 7Active reading (1)美好的回忆虽然这个房子已经换了许多户人家了，但直到现在我还记得那些筑墙、盖屋顶的工人。

当时马路对过那座庄园大宅的主人需要建一个小屋给他的园丁住。

他在这片连绵不断的巨大的丘陵果园中找到了一片空地，他派工人到本地的采石场运来金黄色的石头，工人花了三个月时间在园子里建起了这两座农家小屋。

我只从侧面看到过我的旁边的那座房子，我从来没有见过它的正面。

但是我知道，尽管我们在结构和外观上是一摸一样的，我们的朝向正好相反，这真是不可思议。

我的前门朝东，隔壁房子的前门是朝西的。

我的卧室在房子的后部，在隔壁那所房子里，这个位置正好是厨房的上面。

我的厨房在房子的前部，在隔壁的那个房子里，这个位置是在卧室的下方。

我觉得我比它幸运，因为每天早上，我这边的石头会在阳光的照耀下熠熠发光。

园丁精心地照料庄园周围的果园和花园，所以到了秋天，树上总是果实累累，结满了苹果和梨。

当白天越来越短的时候，这四周的土地上是一片忙碌的景象，帮工们采摘水果，把摘下的水果送到庄园去或是沿着那条路运到镇上的市场去卖。

除了秋天，其他时候这里非常安静。

园丁的生活好像很孤独，后来有一天，他带了一个年轻女子回家。

我这个房子里顿时充满了欢声笑语和饭菜的香味。

园丁外出干活的时候，他的妻子会照看我周围的花园，种玫瑰、水仙和郁金香，还有夏季植物和菊花。

从早春的鲜花到深秋的深深的金黄色叶子，花园里真是五彩缤纷。

能照看这样一对夫妇，我感觉很幸福。

没过多久，又有孩子要照看了。

头一个孩子是女孩，她常常高兴得咯咯笑，睡得也很沉。

后来又添了一个男孩，他哭起来嗓门很大，让我们大家都不得安宁。

但是他们都很快乐，也很听话。

他们会静静地在屋里或花园里一起玩耍。

渐渐地，他们长大了，也长高了。

最让我感到愉快的一个记忆是：在一个温暖的夏日，我看到男孩高高地坐在苹果树的枝干上，读着他最喜爱的那本书。

我的窗户是我的眼睛，它们对着绿树和田野。

窗外的风景被低矮的丘陵围绕着，仿佛一切都栖息在它温暖的怀抱里。