新视野大学英语第四册第六单元翻译

新视野大学英语读写教程第四册汉译英答案手打不易，多多支持，Thanks♪(･ω･)ﾉ第一单元The Doctrine of the Mean is the core ofConfucianism. The so- called “ mean”by Confuciusdoesn ’tmean “compromise b”ut a “moderate ”a“nd jus-t r ight ”wa y when understanding andhandlingobjective things. Confucius advocatedthat this thought should not only be treated as away tounderstand and deal with things but alsobe integrated into one ’s daily conduct to makeit a virtue through self-cultivation and training.The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core ofConfucianism but also an importantcomponentof traditional Chinese culture. From the time itcame into being to the present, it hasplayed aninvaluable role in the construction of nationalspirit, the transmission of nationalwisdom, and the development of national culture.中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。

孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。

1A An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction."Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on.The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted.Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc.They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur.Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there.Artists cannot remain idle, though.When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public.After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month.Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audience's favor.The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous.Famous authors' styles—a Tennessee Williams play or a plot by Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or T.S. Eliot—are easily recognizable.The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou. Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form from others and gained them fame and fortune.However, they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms.Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle—a fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure.It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be.The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe.One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of a man's soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing.You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeeded in the fame game.An example, the famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde, known for his uncompromising behavior, both social and sexual, to which the public objected, paid heavily for remaining true to himself.The mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexually influencing her son. Extremely angered by her remarks, he sued the young man's mother, asserting that she had damaged his "good" name.He should have hired a better attorney, though.The judge did not second Wilde's call to have the woman pay for damaging his name, and instead fined Wilde.He ended up in jail after refusing to pay, and even worse, was permanently expelled from the wider circle of public favor.When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense.His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans the most.Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom!They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans.Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing thatthey did not sell out.They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences.Single-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed.Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published. Beethoven overcame his father, who did not believe that he had any potential as a musician, to become the greatest musician in the world. And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education.Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in the fourth grade, because he seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.Unfortunately for most people, however, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning.I say to those who desperately seek fame and fortune: good luck.But alas, you may find that it was not what you wanted.The dog who catches his tail discovers that it is only a tail.The person who achieves success often discovers that it does more harm than good.So instead of trying so hard to achieve success, try to be happy with who you are and what you do.Try to do work that you can be proud of.Maybe you won't be famous in your own lifetime, but you may create better art.1B One summer day my father sent me to buy some wire and fencing to put around our barn to pen up the bull.At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our truck and driving into town on the old mill road.Water from the mill's wheel sprayed in the sunshine making a rainbow over the canal and I often stopped there on my way to bathe and cool off for a spell—natural air conditioning.The sun was so hot, I did not need a towel as I was dry by the time I climbed the clay banks and crossed the road ditch to the truck.Just before town, the road shot along the sea where I would collect seashells or gather seaweed beneath the giant crane unloading the ships. This trip was different, though.My father had told me I'd have to ask for credit at the store.It was 1976, and the ugly shadow of racism was still a fact of life.I'd seen my friends ask for credit and then stand, head down, while a storeowner enquired into whether they were "good for it".Many store clerks watched black youths with the assumption that they were thieves every time they even went into a grocery.My family was honest.We paid our debts.But just before harvest, all the money flowed out.There were no new deposits at the bank.Cash was short.At Davis Brothers' General Store, Buck Davis stood behind the register, talking to a middle-aged farmer.Buck was a tall, weathered man in a red hunting shirt and I nodded as I passed him on my way to the hardware section to get a container of nails, a coil of binding wire and fencing.I pulled my purchases up to the counter and placed the nails in the tray of the scale, saying carefully, "I need to put this on credit."My brow was moist with nervous sweat and I wiped it away with the back of my arm.The farmer gave me an amused, cynical look, but Buck's face didn't change."Sure," he said easily, reaching for his booklet where he kept records for credit.I gave a sigh of relief."Your daddy is always good for it."He turned to the farmer."This here is one of James Williams' sons.They broke the mold when they made that man."The farmer nodded in a neighborly way.I was filled with pride."James Williams' son."Those three words had opened a door to an adult's respect and trust.As I heaved the heavy freight into the bed of the truck, I did so with ease, feeling like a stronger man than the one that left the farm that morning.I had discovered that a good name could furnish a capital of good will of great value.Everyone knew what to expect from a Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself too much to do wrong.My great grandfather may have been sold as a slave at auction, but this was not an excuse to do wrong to others.Instead my father believed the only way to honor him was through hard work and respect for all men.We children—eight brothers and two sisters—could enjoy our good name, unearned, unless and until we did something to lose it.We had an interest in how one another behaved and our own actions as well, lest we destroy the name my father had created.Our good name was and still is the glue that holds our family tight together.The desire to honor my father's good name spurred me to become the first in our family to go to university.I worked my way through college as a porter at a four-star hotel. Eventually, that good name provided the initiative to start my own successful public relations firm in Washington, D.C.America needs to restore a sense of shame in its neighborhoods.Doing drugs, spending all your money at the liquor store, stealing, or getting a young woman pregnant with no intent to marry her should induce a deep sense of embarrassment.But it doesn't.Nearly one out of three births in America is to a single mother. Many of these children will grow up without the security and guidance they need to become honorable members of society.Once the social ties and mutual obligations of the family melt away, communities fall apart.While the population has increased only 40 percent since 1960, violent crime in America has increased a staggering 550 percent—and we've become exceedingly used to it. Teen drug use has also risen.In one North Carolina County, police arrested 73 students from 12 secondary schools for dealing drugs, some of them right in the classroom.Meanwhile, the small signs of civility and respect that hold up civilization are vanishing from schools, stores and streets.Phrases like "yes, ma'am", "no, sir", "thank you" and "please" get a yawn from kids today who are encouraged instead by cursing on television and in music.They simply shrug off the rewards of a good name.The good name passed on by my father and maintained to this day by my brothers and sisters and me is worth as much now as ever.Even today, when I stop into Buck Davis' shop or my hometown <49>barbershop</49> for a haircut, I am still greeted as James Williams' son.My family's good name did <50>pave</50> the way for me.2A He was born in a poor area of South London.He wore his mother's old red stockings cut down for ankle socks.His mother was temporarily declared mad.Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin's childhood.But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of "the Tramp", the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.Other countries—France, Italy, Spain, even Japan—have provided more applause (and profit) where Chaplin is concerned than the land of his birth.Chaplin quit Britain for good in 1913 when he journeyed to America with a group of performers to do his comedy act on the stage, where talent scouts recruited him to work for Mack Sennett, the king of Hollywood comedy films.Sad to say, many English people in the 1920s and 1930s thought Chaplin's Tramp a bit, well, "crude".Certainly middle-class audiences did; the working-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear.All the same, Chaplin's comic beggar didn't seem all that English or even working-class.English tramps didn't sport tiny moustaches, huge pants or tail coats: European leaders and Italian waiters wore things like that.Then again, the Tramp's quick eye for a pretty girl had a coarse way about it that was considered, well, not quite nice by English audiences—that's how foreigners behaved, wasn't it?But for over half of his screen career, Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his British nationality.Indeed, it was a headache for Chaplin when he could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find "the right voice" for his Tramp.He postponed that day as long as possible: In Modern Times in 1936, the first film in which he was heard as a singing waiter, he made up a nonsense language which sounded like no known nationality.He later said he imagined the Tramp to be a college-educated gentleman who'd come down in the world.But if he'd been able to speak with an educated accent in those early short comedies, it's doubtful if he would have achieved world fame. And the English would have been sure to find it "odd". No one was certain whether Chaplin did it on purpose but this helped to bring about his huge success.He was an immensely talented man, determined to a degree unusual even in the ranks of Hollywood stars.His huge fame gave him the freedom—and, more importantly, the money—to be his own master.He already had the urge to explore and extend a talent he discovered in himself as he went along."It can't be me. Is that possible? How extraordinary," is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp on the screen.But that shock roused his imagination.Chaplin didn't have his jokes written into a script in advance; he was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along.Lifeless objects especially helped Chaplin make "contact" with himself as an artist.He turned them into other kinds of objects.Thus, a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker became a "sick" patient undergoing surgery; boots were boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish (the nails being removed like fish bones).This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, is surely the secret of Chaplin's great comedy.He also had a deep need to be loved—and a corresponding fear of being betrayed.The two were hard to combine and sometimes—as in his early marriages—the collision between them resulted in disaster.Yet even this painfully-bought self-knowledge found its way into his comic creations.The Tramp never loses his faith in the flower girl who'll be waiting to walk into the sunset with him; while the other side of Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women.It's a relief to know that life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the stability and happiness it had earlier denied him.In Oona O'Neill Chaplin, he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them, which hadseemed so threatening, that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 who'd given notice of their wedding date, he said, "And where is the young man? "—Chaplin, then 54, had cautiously waited outside.As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well prepared for the battle that Chaplin's life became as many unfounded rumors surrounded them both—and, later on, she was the center of calm in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in his own large family of talented children.Chaplin died on Christmas Day 1977.A few months later, a couple of almost comic body thieves stole his body from the family burial chamber and held it for money.The police recovered it with more efficiency than Mack Sennett's clumsy Keystone Cops would have done, but one can't help feeling Chaplin would have regarded this strange incident as a fitting memorial—his way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many. 2B Modest and soft-spoken, Agatha Muthoni Mbogo, 24, is hardly the image of a revolutionary.Yet, six months ago, she did a most revolutionary thing: She ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won.Ms. Mbogo's victory was even more surprising because she was voted in by her colleagues on the District Council, all men.For the thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi, Ms. Mbogo suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force women have become in Kenya and across Africa.Ms. Mbogo launched her dream of a career in politics in 1992 by running for the Embu Council, facing the obstacles that often trouble African women running for political office.She had little money.She had no political experience.She faced ridiculous questions about her personal life."My opponent kept insisting that I was going to get married to somebody in another town and move away," Ms. Mbogo said.Ms. Mbogo also faced misunderstanding among the town's women, many of whom initially were unwilling to vote for her.She became an ambassador for women's political rights, giving speeches before women's groups and going from door to door, handbag in hand, spending hours at a time giving a combination of speech and government lesson."I was delighted when she won the election, because men elected her," said Lydiah Kimani, an Embu farmer and political activist."It was the answer to my prayers because it seemed to be a victory over this idea that 'women can't lead'."Education of African women has become a top priority for political activists.One organization has held dozens of workshops in rural Kenya to help women understand the nation's constitution and the procedures and theory behind a democratic political system.One veteran female political activist said that many women had not been taught the basics of political participation.They are taught to vote for the one who "gives you a half kilo sack of flour, 200 grams of salt, or a loaf of bread" during the campaign, said the activist.Women politicians and activists say they are fighting deeply-held cultural traditions.Those traditions teach that African women cook, clean, take care of children, sow and harvest crops and support their husbands.They typically do not inherit land, divorce their husband, control their finances or hold political office.Yet, political activity among Kenyan women is not a new phenomenon.During the struggle for independence in the 1950s, Kenyan women often secretly provided troops with weapons and spied on the positions of colonial forces.But after independence, leaders jealous to protect their power shut them out of politics, a situation repeated across the continent.Today, men still have the upper hand.Women in Kenya make up 60 percent of the people who vote, but only 3 percent of the National Assembly.No Kenyan woman has ever held a cabinet post.Against that background, Agatha Mbogo began her political career.After winning her council seat, she declined a spot on the education and social services committee after a colleague called it "a woman's committee".She instead joined the town planning committee, a much more visible assignment.Then last year, she decided to challenge Embu's mayor, a veteran politician.Ms. Mbogo said she had become frustrated because the donor groups that provide substantial aid to Kenya's rural areas "did not want to come here"."We weren't seeing things done for the community," she said."It was a scandal—the donors' money seemed to be going to individuals."After a fierce campaign, the council elected her, 7 to 6.She said women in Embu celebrated.Men were puzzled; some were hostile.They asked, "How could all of those men vote for a woman? " she recalled.Ms. Mbogo has not met with the kinds of abuse that other female politicians have been subjected to, however.Some have said their supporters are sometimes attacked with clubs after rallies.Last June, Kenyan police attempted to break up a women's political meeting northwest of Nairobi, insisting it was illegal and might start a riot.When the 100 women, including a member of the National Assembly, refused to go, officers tore down their banners and beat them with clubs and fists, witnesses reported.In contrast, Ms. Mbogo generally receives warm greetings from the men of Embu, and many say they are now glad the council chose her.Donor groups are now funding projects in Embu in earnest.A new market is going up downtown.A 200-bed section for new mothers is being added to the hospital.A dormitory-style home has been built for the dozens of homeless street children who once wandered the city.Ms. Mbogo is especially proud of the market and the hospital because "they have an impact on women".At the current market, where hundreds of people, shaded by umbrellas, lay out fruits and vegetables, one person who sells lemons said she liked the new mayor."I feel like if I have a problem, I can go to her office," she said."The other mayor shouted. He acted like an emperor. He did not want to hear my problems."Nearby, a man said he found Ms. Mbogo a refreshing change."I'm tired of men," he said, watching over his pile of onions."They give us so many promises, but they don't deliver the goods. As long as she keeps giving us what we want, she is all right."3A A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it.Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars.They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. Or, they tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars.I have opted to live a life of complete honesty.So instead, I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons.I even tell welfare how much I make!Oh, I'm tempted to get paid under the table.But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation.They keep my records, and that information goes right into the government's computer.Very high-profile.As a welfare client I'm expected to bow before the caseworker.Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. I'm not being bitter.Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals with high ideals.But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call "Suzanne", a detective in shorts.Not long after Christmas last year, Suzanne came to inspect my apartment and saw some new posters pasted on the wall."Where'd you get the money for those? " she wanted to know."Friends and family.""Well, you'd better have a receipt for it, by God. You have to report any donations or gifts."This was my cue to beg.Instead, I talked back."I got a cigarette from somebody on the street the other day. Do I have to report that? ""Well, I'm sorry, but I don't make the rules, Mr. Callahan."Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs to my wheelchair, which is always breaking down because welfare won't spend money maintaining it properly."You know, Mr. Callahan, I've heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average."Of course I do.I'm an active worker, not a vegetable.I live near downtown, so I can get around in a wheelchair.I wonder what she'd think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to crawl to work.Government cuts in welfare have resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of people, not just me.But people with spinal cord injuries felt the cuts in a unique way: The government stopped taking care of our chairs.Each time mine broke down, lost a screw, needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldn't work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure a little lecture.Finally, she'd say, "Well, if I can find time today, I'll call the medical worker."She was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem.Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid.Then the medical worker alerted the main welfare office at the state capital.They considered the matter for days while I lay in bed, unable to move.Finally, if I was lucky, they called back and approved the repair.When welfare learned I was making money on my cartoons, Suzanne started "visiting" every fortnight instead of every two months.She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. She never found anything, but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny.There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare.I am an independent businessman, slowly building up my market.It's impossible to jump off welfare and suddenly be making two thousand dollars a month. But I would love to be able to pay for some of my living and not have to go through an embarrassing situation every time I need a spare part for my wheelchair.There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients.Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies.I was, indeed: The hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking.While she was taking notes, my phone rang and Suzanne answered it.The caller was a state senator, which scared Suzanne a little.Would I sit on the governor's committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients who, like me, could earn part or all of their own livings if they were allowed to do so, one step at a time?Hell, yes, I would!Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating.They will be free to develop their talents without guilt or fear—or just hold a good, steady job.3B It was late afternoon when the chairman of our Bangkok-based company gave me an assignment: I would leave the next day to accompany an important Chinese businessman to tourist sites in northern Thailand.Silently angry, I stared at my desk.The stacks of paper bore witness to a huge amount of work waiting to be done, even though I had been working seven days a week.How will I ever catch up? I wondered.After a one-hour flight the next morning, we spent the day visiting attractions along with hundreds of other tourists, most of them loaded with cameras and small gifts.I remember feeling annoyed at this dense collection of humanity.That evening my Chinese companion and I climbed into a chartered van to go to dinner and a show, one which I had attended many times before.While he chatted with other tourists, I exchanged polite conversation in the dark with a man seated in front of me, a Belgian who spoke fluent English.I wondered why he held his head motionless at an odd angle, as though he were in prayer.Then the truth struck me.He was blind.Behind me someone switched on a light, and I could see his thick silvery hair and strong, square jaw.His eyes seemed to contain a white mist."Could I please sit beside you at the dinner?" he asked."And I'd love it if you'd describe a little of what you see.""I'd be happy to," I replied.。

英语翻译Unit11这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。

（other than）The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2．研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。

（may have done）Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3有些人往往责怪别人末尾有尽到最大权利，以此为自己的失败辩护。

（justify sth by）Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我们终于我们的成诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。

（remain true to）We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。

爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。

（discount；be true of）Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。

1. Translate the following sentences into English.1. 假设你发现了你自己的同事受贿，你会不会无动于衷呢？(Use "suppose" asa conjunction.)Key for reference: Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?2. 他如此固执，我们已对他失望了。

跟他争论一点意义都没有。

(give up on; it is + adjective + to do/that-clause)Key for reference: We've given up on him because he is so stubborn. It is pointless to argue with him.3. 他突然想到了一个加速实验进程的好办法，但组里的成员却对此意见不一。

(hit upon; speed up)Key for reference: He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on it.4. 今天我能够使自己的职业与兴趣相符，之前我是做不到的。

(square... with)Key for reference: Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do before.5. 要成为一名驾驶员，视觉上分辨红色与绿色的能力是必不可少的。

(distinguish between)Key for reference: The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.6. 这个组由七个人组成，他们经常见面，分享彼此的信息。

UNIT1名望之尾1艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐，不知道还能做些什么。

乐成之暴虐正在于它往往让那些追逐乐成者自寻废弃。

2对待一名正努力追求并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋往往会建议“严格的饭碗不能丢！”他们的忧愁不无道理。

追求高人一等，最达观的说也疾苦重重，许多人到末了不是穷困坎坷，也是几近元气破产。

尽管如此，希望博得追星族追捧和同行赞许之类的不太简单的简单的念头却在激发着他们前进。

享用乐成的无上名誉，这种迷惑不是能随便抵拒的。

3成名者之所以成名，大多是由于发挥了自己在唱歌、舞蹈、绘画或写作方面的擅长，并能造成自己的气魄。

为了能迅速走红，经纪人会戮力吹捧他们的这种气魄。

他们扶摇直上的经过让人看不清楚。

他们究竟是怎样乐成的，大多半人也都说不下去。

尽管如此，艺术家依然不能闲上去。

若献技者，画家或作家感到厌恶，他们的作品就难以继续维系以前的吸收力，也就难以维系民众的注意力。

民众的感情消磨以来，就回去追捧下一个走红的人。

有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的气魄稍加蜕变，但这将冒极大的得宠的危险。

民众对待他们借以成名的艺术气魄以外的任何形式都将嗤之以鼻。

4知名作家的文风一眼就能看进去，如田纳西.威廉斯的笑剧、欧内斯特.海明威的情节安排、罗伯特弗罗斯特或T.S艾略特的诗歌等。

异样，像莫奈。

雷诺阿、达利这样的画家、希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。

他们明显特殊的艺术气魄标志着与他人不同的艺术形式上的重大改良，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是?失了用其他气魄或形式呈现自我的自在。

5名望这盏聚光灯可比寒带丛林还要炙热。

骗局很快会被透露，过多的关怀带来的压力会让大多半人难以蒙受。

它让你?失自我。

你必需是民众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你，或是可能的你。

艺人，就像政客一样，必需往往说些愿意或连自己都不完全自负的话来取悦听众。

6一滴名望之水有可能玷污人得心灵这一整口井于是乎，一个艺术家若能维系真我，会格外让人赞叹你可能答不下去哪些人没有调和，却仍在这场名利的游戏中获胜。

Unit1Section A课文翻译爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事1 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。

那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。

他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。

2 但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。

她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。

如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。

3 “光彩照人”，她已经是了。

而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。

4 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。

我的想法有些怪异。

而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。

我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。

“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。

5 “逻辑学。

”6 “好酷啊，”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。

7 “逻辑学的原理，”我说道，“即清晰思考的主要原则。

逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实，其中有些还很普遍。

我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。

”8 “好啊，”她表示同意。

9 “‘绝对判断’是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断。

比方说：运动是有益的，所以每个人都应该运动。

”10 她点头表示赞同。

11 我看得出她没弄明白。

“波莉，” 我解释说，“这个推断太过简单化了。

如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的，运动就变得有害而不是有益。

所以你应该说，运动对大多数人来说是有益的。

”12 “接下来是‘草率结论’。

这似乎不言自明，对吧？仔细听好了：你不会说法语，罗伯也不会说法语，那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。

”13 “是吗？”波莉吃惊地说。

“没有人吗？”14 “这也是一种逻辑谬误，”我说，“这一结论太草率了，因为能够支持这一结论的例证太少了。

UNIT 4 一个将会大大提高成长神州度糊涎水准的改变正方形兴日盛 一些不久前还是信息闭塞的处所正在快速获患上最新的通信技术，这将促进他们吸纳国表里投资 亚洲、拉丁新大陆和东欧的很多国度也许需要10年时间来改善其交通、电力供应和其他公用举措措施 但是只一根直径小于半毫米的光纤电缆就可以比由铜丝制成的粗电缆承载更多的信息 由于安装了光纤电缆、数码转换器和最新的无线传道输送系统，从北京到布达佩斯的一系列城区和工业区正在直接步入信息时代 一个蜘蛛网般的数码和无线通信收集已成长到亚洲的大多地区和东欧的部分地区 所有这些成长中地区都把进步前辈的通信技术看作一种跨越经济成长诸阶段的路子 例如，信息技术的广泛应用有盼缩短劳动密布型的组装工业转向关于工程、营销和预设的那一些财产所需的时间 现代通信技术“将使神州、越南如许的国度比那一些困于旧技术的国度拥有伟大的上风” 这些国度应以多快的速率向前成长是许多人争论的一个需要别人解答的题目 很多专家认为，越南在今朝紧急需要德律风的情况下，却要求所有的移动德律风都必须是昂贵的数码型德律风，这类作法太超前了 一位专家说：“这些国度缺少成本估算和选择技术的经验” 然而毋庸顶抗，通信技术将是区分胜负的要害因素 看一看俄罗斯的情况吧 由于其坚实的数学和科教根蒂根基，它应该在信息时代有蓬勃的成长 需要别人解答的题目是，它的海内德律风系统是一堆生锈的20世纪30年代的老古董 为相识决这一需要别人解答的题目，俄罗斯已起头铺设光纤电缆，并制定了投入400亿美元配备布置设备摆设多项通信工程的战略计划 但是由于其经济陷于不景气，险些没有资金来入手处理完成最基本的需要别人解答的题目 与俄罗斯比拟，在将来10年中，神州大陆计划对通信设备投入1,000亿美元 从某种意义上说，神州的掉队成了一种有帮助因素，因为这一成长恰恰发生在新技术比铜线电缆系统更自制的时辰 到1995年末，神州除开拉萨之外的省治都将有数码转换器和高容积的光纤网， 这象征着其主要城市正在具备必需的根蒂根基举措措施，成为信息高速马路的主要部分，使许多人可以或许步入系统，获患上最进步前辈的服务 电信工程也是上海使成为事实其成为一流的金融中心这一胡想的要害 为了能给国际投资者供给其所指望的电子数值和无纸化交易方面的超卓服务，上海计划配备布置设备摆设与曼哈顿同样强大的电信收集 与此同时，匈牙利也但愿跃入现代世界 今朝，有70万匈牙利人等着装德律风 为了部分地处理完成资金需要别人解答的题目，加快引进西方技术，匈牙利将国有德律风公司30%的股分发售给了两家西方公司 为进一步减少德律风待装户，匈牙利已将权力对外租赁给一家荷兰－斯堪的纳维亚企业集团，来建造并谋划一个据说位居世界进步前辈行列的数码移动德律风系统 事实上，无线体式格局是在成长神州度快速配备布置设备摆设德律风系统的最吃香的体式格局之一 建造无线电发射塔要比翻山越岭架设路线更自制而且，急切盼愿靠患上住服务的企业乐于破费可不雅的重价来换取无线德律风服务──其资费一般为固定路线德律风资费的二至四倍 全般拉丁新大陆对无线通信的需求和施用已急剧增长 对于无线德律风服务商来说，没有不论什么处所的营业比拉丁新大陆更好了──在那里有一个营运点就仿佛有一堆无限无尽供你施用的钞票 在4个无线德律风市场有营运点的贝尔南边德律风公司估计，来自于其每个客户的平均年收益均为2,000美元，而在西方强国仅为860美元 孕育发生这类情况的部分缘故原由是拉丁新大陆客户的通话时间是北新大陆客户的二至四倍 泰国也在求助于无线通信体式格局，以便让泰国人在发生交通拥塞时更好地哄骗时间 而且在泰国，从办公室往外打德律风或发传真并不那末容易：待装德律风的名册上有一二一百万个名字 因此移动德律风在商业上的事务人士中成为当时的风尚，他们在交通拥塞时也能与外界连结接洽 越南正在做一个最斗胆的跳跃 只管越南人均年收益只有220美元，它计划每年增加的30万条路线将全数为有数码转换功效的光纤电缆，而不是那一些以铜线传道输送电子旌旗灯号的价格低廉系统 由于此刻就选用了下一代的技术，越南卖力通信的官员说他们可以或许在数十年中与亚洲的不论什么一个国度连结同步 对于那一些持久掉队的国度来说，一跃而压倒一切的诱惑难以抵御 而且，只管他们会犯错误，他们仍会对峙不松懈──总某日，他们将能在信息高速马路上与西方强国和欧西并驾齐驱UNIT 5事实如此，咱们寂寞无依地糊口着据最近的计数，共有2,200万人单独糊口在本身的居处里此中有些人喜欢这类糊口，有些却不喜欢 有些离了婚，有些鳏寡无伴，也有些从未结过婚 寂寞或许是这搭的一种平易近族蠹弊，咱们羞于承认它，甚于其他不论什么罪过 而另一方面，存心选择独处，拒绝旁人的陪伴而非为火伴所弃，倒是西方强国式英雄的一个特点 寂寞的猎人或考察队者去鹿群和狼群中冒险，征服广袤的荒原时，并不需要有人陪伴 梭罗独居在湖畔的小屋，成心疏离了城市糊口此刻，这成了你的个性 独处的灵感是骚上下团结哲学家最有效的工具 他们都赞成独处， 都因可以或许独处而自恃甚高，至少在他们匆忙赶回家喝茶以前的一两个钟头以内是如许 就拿多萝西·华兹华斯来说吧，她帮哥哥威廉穿上外衣，为他找到条记本和石墨笔，向他招手辞行，目送他走进早春的太阳光去单独对花沉思 他写道：“独处何等优雅，惬意” 一没有疑难问，如果自愿独处，感觉要好患上多 看看弥尔顿的女孩子们：他们为他筹办好垫子和毯子，然后轻手用力小脚地起开，以便他能创编诗歌 然而他并不本身费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女孩子们，向他们口头叙述，由他们记下来 也许你已注重到，这些艺术家类型的人，大多是到户外独处， 而家里则自有亲人备好了热茶，等着他们回家 西方强国的独处代表人士是梭罗 咱们钦佩他，并非因为他能自力更生，而是因为他孤身一人在瓦尔登湖畔糊口，他喜欢如许──独居在湖畔的树木草丛中 现实上，他最近的邻人离他只有一英里，走路也就20分钟；铁路离他半英里；交通忙碌的亨衢距他300码 成天都有人出进他的小屋，就教他何以可以或许如此高尚纯洁 显然，他的高尚纯洁的地方主要在于：他既没有老婆也没有家丁，本身下手用斧子砍柴，本身洗杯洗碟 我不知道谁为他洗时装，他没说，但他也必定没提是他本身洗 听听他是怎么说的：“我从未发现比独处更好的伙伴” 梭罗以自尊自重为伴 也许这搭的启示是：自我意识越强，就越不需要其他的人在四周 咱们越是感觉谦卑，就越受寂寞的熬煎，感应仅与本身相处远远不够 若与旁人同住，他们的小别会使你感应线人一新 寂寞将会于礼拜四竣事 如果今天我提到本身时施用的是单数人称代词，那末下礼拜我就会施用复数情势 其他人不在的时辰，你可以放飞本身的魂灵，让它布满全般房间你可以充实安享自由，随意来去而无需报歉你可以熬夜读书、大泡大澡盆、一口气吃掉足足一品脱的冰淇淋你可以按本身的节拍步履 暂别的人会归来 他们的冬天防水大衣还放在衣橱里，狗也在窗边紧密感情好寄望他们归来的身影 但若你单独栖身，那末伴侣或熟识的人的权时拜别会使你感应虚空，也许他们永恒也不会归来了 寂寞的感觉时起时落，但咱们却永恒需要与人扳谈 这比需要谛听更重要 噢，咱们都有伴侣，可以把大事要事向他们倾诉咱们可以打德律风对伴侣说咱们丢了工作，或者说咱们在湿滑的地板上摔倒了，跌断了臂膀 逐日不停的噜苏诉苦，对各类工作的观念和意见，积在那儿，塞满了咱们的心 咱们不会真打德律风给一位伴侣，说咱们收到了姐姐的一个包裹，或者说此刻入夜患上比力早，或者说咱们不信托无上法院新来的法官 科学调查表白，独居的人会对着本身、对着宠物、对着电视絮聒不休 咱们问猫儿今天该穿蓝色套装还是黄色裙装， 问鹦鹉今天晚饭该做牛肉片还是面粉做的细条状食品 咱们跟本身争论阿谁花腔溜冰选手和这个滑雪运带动到底谁更了不患上 这没啥子不当， 也对咱们有益，而且不像有些人那末令人尴尬：在超级市场付款处，排在前面的女人告诉收银员，她的侄女儿梅利莎礼拜六可能会来看她梅莉莎非常喜欢热巧克力，以是她买了速溶热巧克力粉，虽则她本身起根不喝这工具 重要的是连结理性 重要的是不再等待，而是安放下来，使本身过患上舒畅，至少权时要如许要在咱们自身的前提下发现一些优雅和乐趣，不要做一个以自我为中心的英国骚人，而要像一个被关在塔楼里的公主，耐烦地等待着咱们的童话故事迎来快乐的结局 终究，事已到此， 这或许不是咱们所指望的场合排场，但眼下咱们没关系称之为家吧 无论怎么说，没有啥子处所比家更好UNIT 6 商科学生有时候对课程里包含商业品德课略感触感染惊他们通常没意识到在很多国度，形形色色的贿赂举动正一天比一天增多在某些国度，这已成为许多人几百年来的一种糊口体式格局假设在一场与当局官员的构和中，贸易部长向你明确暗示如能给他一大笔贿赂，那末你的商品拿到进口容许证就会容易得上多，还可能避免他所说的“步伐上的迟延耽误” 此刻的需要别人解答的题目是：你是被迫掏钱呢，还是对峙原则？ 高尚的品德标准提及来容易，但现实上许多人在这类情况下究竟会怎么做呢？ 早些时辰，一家英国汽车打造商被指控哄骗一笔基金贿赂，并举行其他一些可疑运作，如给代办别人代理商和客户高额回扣、供给分外扣头、向一些在瑞士银行开的佚名账户汇款等 这家汽车公司否定了这些指控，厥后指控也被撤销了 然而，当时英国汽车业里就有人筹办私下里说：“瞧，咱们这一行竞争猛烈， 每年咱们汽车的海外发卖额跨越10亿英镑 如果花几一百万英镑能让一些客户开心，谁会有损掉呢？ 咱们不比许干，旁人也会如许干的” 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