轨道车辆ppt-100%与70%低地板有轨电车对比

产品数据表Trigonox 117tert-Butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonateTrigonox 117 是一种脂肪族碳酸酯过氧化物。

在升温条件下用于不饱和聚酯树脂的固化，专门用于不饱和聚酯树脂的热压成型工艺（SMC、BMC、DMC），在BMC中可以降低VOC。

CAS 编号34443-12-4EINECS/ELINCS编号252-029-5TSCA 状态清单上列出的分子量246.3活性氧含量过氧化物6.49%规格活性氧 6.17-6.49 %外观透明液体含量≥ 95.0 %色度≤ 50 Pt-Co / APHA氢过氧化物，以TBHP计≤ 0.10 %无机+有机可水解氯≤ 100 mg/kg粘度, 20 °C 5.8 mPa.s特性密度, 20 °C0.930 g/cm³粘度, 20 °C 5.8 mPa.s应用Trigonox 117 可在中等温度下用于弹性体的交联，典型的交联温度是150°C. Trigonox 117还可以用于较高要求的应用，例如作为光伏设施中乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)胶膜的交联剂。

苯乙烯的聚合：在100~130℃范围内，Trigonox 117可作为苯乙烯聚合或共聚的引发剂。

在本体聚合工艺中，使用Trigonox 117可以非常有效的提高聚合反应速率。

在悬浮聚合工艺中，使用Trigonox 117可以有效的降低聚合后期产品中残留苯乙烯的含量。

在热固性树脂应用领域：Trigonox 117，过氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯，脂肪族过氧化物，用于不饱和聚酯树脂的高温固化剂。

Trigonox117尤其适用于在120-170℃下热压成型的不饱和聚酯树脂（SMC，BMC，ZMC等）。

Trigonox117尤其推荐用于汽车内部组件用SMC/BMC 制品。

Trigonox117 在固化反应中产生与Trigonox C过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯，相近的挥发分解物，但不产生苯。

文章编号:1000-1336(2008)02-0182-04热激蛋白27的性质及生理功能曹步清倪鑫（第二军医大学生理学教研室，上海200433）摘要：热激蛋白(h ea t s ho c k pr o t e i n ,HSP)是广泛存在于生物体内、在生物进化过程中序列高度保守的蛋白质家族。

H S P 27是H S P 家族中的重要一员，在机体应激的情况下表达增加，通过分子伴侣作用、抗细胞凋亡和抗氧化应激等作用保护细胞，同时H S P 27与多种临床疾病密切相关。

关键词：热激蛋白27；凋亡；应激中图分类号：R341收稿日期：2008-01-02作者简介：曹步清(1980-)，男，在读硕士生，E -m a i l ：m a n g cb q @ho t m a i l .c om ；倪鑫(1963-)，女，博士，教授，联系作者，：x j q 3@y 热激蛋白(heat shock prot ei n,H S P)是指细胞在应激原特别是环境高温诱导下所产生的，由热激基因所编码合成的，序列高度保守的一组蛋白质。

根据分子量的大小可将H SP 分为H SP110、H SP90、H SP70、H SP60和小分子量H SP(15～30kD a)。

H S P27是小分子量H SP(sm al l heat shock pr otei n,sH SP)家族中的重要一员，其重要的生物学功能是保护细胞免受环境中自由基、热、缺血和毒性物质等各种应激因素导致的损伤，促进蛋白质的正确折叠、组装和纠正蛋白质的错误结构。

此外，H SP27也参与细胞的增殖、分化及细胞凋亡的信号转导调节等。

近年来，H SP27的生理功能日益受到重视。

1.H S P27的一般性质H SP27基因结构高度保守，不同物种的H SP27具有高度同源性，其启动子区有热激调节元件(he at shoc k el e m ent ,H SE)及应激相关调节元件(STR E)。

Product name: Alkenox P-100 Date of issue : 2008. 08. 07 1. Product and company identificationa. Product name:Alkenox P-100◦Chemical Name:Di-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonateb. Recommended use of the chemical andrestrictions on use◦Recommended use:Reaction initiator for industrial use◦restrictions on use:When I use it by others use out of advice use, I am absolutely nouse.c. Information onmanufacturer/supplier/distributor◦Company name:Empions Co., Ltd.◦address: 753-19 WONSANRY, ONSAN-EUP, ULJU-GUN,ULSAN, KOREA◦information service no: 052-239-0970~2◦ Fax: 052-239-0973◦emergency contact no: 052-240-9512◦responsible department: Empions Co., Ltd / R&D center2. Hazards identificationa. Hazard classification :Organic peroxides Type CAcute toxic substance (Oral:not applicable,Dermal:no data available, Inhalation:no data available)Skin Irritant Category 2Substance causing serious eye irritant Category 2Ab. Label elements including precautionarystatements◦Pictograms:◦Signal words:Danger◦Hazard statements:Heating may cause a fire.Causes skin irritationCause serious eye irritation.Product name: Alkenox P-100 Date of issue : 2008. 08. 07◦Precautionary statementsprecautionary:Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces.– No smoking.Keep/Store away from clothing combustible materials.Keep only in original container.Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection faceprotection.Wash hands thoroughly after handling.Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.Countermeasure:IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.Storage:Protect from sunlight..Store away from other materials.Store at temperatures not exceeding 15°C. Keep cool.Disposal:The product may be disposed under controlled incineration and inagreement with local and national legislationno data availablec. Other hazards which do not result inclassification:3. Composition/Information on ingredientsChemical Name CAS No Content (%)Di-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate15520-11-3>95.04. First aid measuresa. Eye contact:Rinse immediately with plenty of water. Ensure adequate flushingof the eyes by separating the eyelids with fingers. Then seekmedical advice.b. Skin contact:Wash skin with soap and plenty of water. Seek medical advice.Product name: Alkenox P-100 Date of issue : 2008. 08. 07 c. Inhalation:Bring victim to the fresh air. In doing so, observe self-protection.Seek medical advice immediately.d. Ingestion:Rinse mouth thoroughly with water and then drink copiousamounts of water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical adviceimmediately.e. Most important acute and delayedsymptoms/effects:no data availablef. First aid and notes for physicians:There is no specific antidote, and cure for support by a symptom.5. Fire-Fighting measuresa.Suitable (and unsuitable) extinguishingmedia◦Suitable extinguishing media:Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbondioxide.◦unsuitable extinguishing media:Halon fire extinguishersb. Specific hazards arising from the chemical6. Accidental release measuresa. Measures required for personalprotection and protective equipment:Wear respiratory protectionWear personal protective equipmentb. Measures required for environmentprotection:If the product contaminates rivers and lakes or drains inform respective authorities.Do not allow material to contaminate ground water system. Do not contaminate water.Avoid subsoil penetration.Do not let product enter drains.c. Clean-up and removal method:Remove mechanically and with care (e.g. with clean polyethyleneplastic shovel).Product name: Alkenox P-100 Date of issue : 2008. 08. 07Contain and collect spillage with non-combustible absorbentmaterial(e.g. sand, earth, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite) andplace in container for disposal according to local / nationalregulations.7. Handling and storagea. Precautions for safe handling:Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wear personalprotective equipment.At the end of work and before breaks, hands should be washed.Use with adequate ventilation.b. Conditions for safe storage (includingincompatibilities):The product should be stored in the closed supply container at temperatures below15°C.Keep away from ignition and heat sources (e.g. direct sun light). Avoid impurities (e.g. rust, dust, ash), risk of decomposition. Peroxide residues must not be returned into the original container, danger of decomposition!8. Exposure controls & personal protectiona. Exposure limits of the chemical substance,biological exposure limits and etc.:no data availableb. Appropriate engineering controls:no data availablec.Personal protective equipment◦Protection of respiratory system:Wear suitable respiratory protection.◦Eye protection:Wear suitable protective eye.◦Hand protection:Wear suitable protective gloves.◦Body protection:Do not eat, drink or smoke while handling the product.At the end of work and before breaks, hands should be washed.Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wear personalprotective equipment.9. Physical and chemical propertiesa. Appearance White powderProduct name: Alkenox P-100 Date of issue : 2008. 08. 07b. Odor faintc. Odor threshold no data availabled. pH no data availablee. Melting point/freezing point82 °C Decomposes before meltingf. Initial boiling point and boiling range not applicableg. Flash point 63 °C Method: ISO 3679, Seta-Flashh. Evaporation rate no data availablei. Flammability (solid, gas)no data availablej. Upper/lower flammable or explosive limits no data availablek. Vapor pressure23,38 hPa at 20 °C waterl. Solubility<25 mg/kg (Water25℃)m. Vapor density0.895 g/㎤ at 20℃n. Specific gravity0.50 g/cm3 at 20 °Co. Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water no data availablep. Auto-ignition temperature no data availableq. Decomposition temperature45 °C Method: SADT (UN test H.4)r. Viscosity not applicables. Molecular weight398.5 g/mol10. Stability and reactivitya. Chemical stability:Stable under recommended storage conditions.b. Possibility of hazardous reactions:Vapours may form explosive mixture with air.c. Conditions to avoid:Keep away from heat and sources of ignitiond. Incompatible materials:Rapid decomposition by dirt, rust, chemicals in Particularconcentrated acids, alkalis and accelerators(e.g. heavy-metal compounds and amines)..e. Hazardous decomposition products: Carbon dioxide(CO2) 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol11. Toxicological informationa. Information on the likely routes of exposureProduct name: Alkenox P-100 Date of issue : 2008. 08. 07◦Eye: no data availableb. Delayed and immediate effects and chroniceffects from short or long term exposure◦Acute oral toxicity: LD50(oral,rat) 2000mg/kg 이상◦Acute dermal toxicity:no data available◦Acute inhalation toxicity:no data available◦Skin corrosion/irritation: Causes skin irritation◦Serious eye damage/eye irritation:Cause serious eye irritation.◦Respiratory sensitization:no data available◦Skin sensitization: no data available◦Carcinogenicity: no data available◦Germ cell mutagenicity: no data available◦Reproductive toxicity: no data availableno data available◦Specific target organ toxicity(single exposure):no data available◦Specific target organ toxicity (repeatedexposure):◦Aspiration hazard no data availableC. Numerical measures of toxicity (acuteno data availabletoxicity estimation):12. Ecological informationa. Aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicity:no data availableb. Persistence and degradability no data availablec. Bioaccumulation :no data availabled. Mobility in soil : EC5064 mg/le. Other adverse effects:no data available13. Disposal considerationsa. Disposal methods:Dispose of in conjunction with appropriate waste disposalauthorities and in accordance with disposal regulations.b. Precautions for disposal:I make the time once throughput to burn up under 1kg at themaximum.Product name: Alkenox P-100 Date of issue : 2008. 08. 0714. Transport informationa. UN number :3114b. UN proper shipping name :ORGANIC PEROXIDE TYPE C, SOLID, TEMPERATURECONTROLLED (Di (4-tert.-butylcyclohexyl)-peroxydicarbonate)c. Transport hazard classes:Class 5.2d. Packing group, if applicable:Packing group Ⅱe. Marine pollutant (yes/no): nof. Information on any special precautions,which a user needs to be aware of, orneeds to comply with in connection withtransport:◦EmS F-F S-R15. Regulatory informationa. Industrial Safety and Health Law : A toxic substanceb. Toxic Chemical Control Law: A harmful chemical substancec. Dangerous Goods Safety Control Law : A the fifth abandonment peroxided. Wastes Management Law : not applicablee. Other regulations in domestic and foreigncountries :Association of UN classification -Organic Peroxide16. Other informationa. Sources of reference materials :b. The first date of preparation :07.08.2008c. Number of revision times and the latestrevision date : Number of revision times : 0the latest revision date : 07.08.2008d. Others: The information provided in this Safety Data Sheet is correct to thebest of our knowledge, information and Belief at the date of itspublication.Product name: Alkenox P-100 Date of issue : 2008. 08. 07The information given is designed only as a guidance for safehandling, use,processing, storage, transportation, disposal andrelease and is not to be considered a warranty or qualityspecification.The information relates only to the specific material designatedand may not be valid for such material used in combination withany other materials or in any process, unless specified in the text.。

PH电极PH玻璃电极IPS-100IPS-100技术参数:测量范围：0~14PH测量精度：≤0.02PH适用温度：0~70℃敏感膜阻抗：≤200×106Ω外型接口：标准3/4英制螺纹3~5米电缆（可延长至60米无需添加放大器）导线长度按用户要求加长Y端或BNC连接，多种可选结构产品描述：主要适用于医药，氯碱化工，颜料燃料，纸浆造纸，中间体，化肥，淀粉，水处理，电镀，，生物制药，电厂等行业污水处理系统PH值的测量压力范围：≤0.6Mpa零电位：PH=7.00温补电阻：pt1000或热敏电阻主要特点：采用德国进口的低阻抗敏感玻璃膜和盐环，有效消除各种干扰，增加离子储备，响应快，稳定，寿命长引进德国最新参比工艺技术，独特的溶解配方，无需补充电解液电极适用于电导率≥0.1us/cm的污水测量电极主要适用于电力行业，污水处理系统的PH值的测量PH纯水电极IPS-100技术参数:测量范围：0~14PH测量精度：≤0.02PH适用温度：0~70℃敏感膜阻抗：≤200×106Ω外型接口：标准3/4英制螺纹3~5米电缆（可延长至60米无需添加放大器）导线长度按用户要求加长Y端或BNC连接，多种可选结构产品描述：主要适用于医药，氯碱化工，颜料燃料，纸浆造纸，中间体，化肥，淀粉，水处理，电镀，，生物制药，电厂等行业污水处理系统PH值的测量.技术参考PH范围：0~13PH温度范围：0-70℃压力范围：≤0.6Mpa零电位：PH=7.00温补电阻：pt1000或热敏电阻主要特点：采用德国进口的低阻抗敏感玻璃膜和盐环，有效消除各种干扰，增加离子储备，响应快，稳定，寿命长引进德国最新参比工艺技术，独特的溶解配方，无需补充电解液电极适用于电导率≥0.1us/cm的污水测量电极主要适用于电力行业，污水处理系统的PH值的测量技术参数:测量范围：0~14PH测量精度：≤0.02PH适用温度：0~70℃敏感膜阻抗：≤200×106Ω外型接口：标准3/4英制螺纹3~5米电缆（可延长至60米无需添加放大器）导线长度按用户要求加长Y端或BNC连接，多种可选结构产品描述：3主要适用于医药，氯碱化工，颜料燃料，纸浆造纸，中间体，化肥，淀粉，水处理，电镀，，生物制药，电厂等行业污水处理系统PH值的测量压力范围：≤0.6Mpa零电位：PH=7.00温补电阻：pt1000或热敏电阻主要特点：采用德国进口的低阻抗敏感玻璃膜和盐环，有效消除各种干扰，增加离子储备，响应快，稳定，寿命长引进德国最新参比工艺技术，独特的溶解配方，无需补充电解液电极适用于电导率≥0.1us/cm的污水测量电极主要适用于电力行业，污水处理系统的PH值的测量PH温补电极IPS-200技术参数:测量范围：0~14PH测量精度：≤0.02PH适用温度：0~70℃敏感膜阻抗：≤200×106Ω外型接口：标准3/4英制螺纹3~5米电缆（可延长至60米无需添加放大器）导线长度按用户要求加长Y端或BNC连接，多种可选结构产品描述：主要适用于医药，氯碱化工，颜料燃料，纸浆造纸，中间体，化肥，淀粉，水处理，电镀，，生物制药，电厂等行业污水处理系统PH值的测量压力范围：≤0.6Mpa零电位：PH=7.00温补电阻：pt1000或热敏电阻主要特点：采用德国进口的低阻抗敏感玻璃膜和盐环，有效消除各种干扰，增加离子储备，响应快，稳定，寿命长引进德国最新参比工艺技术，独特的溶解配方，无需补充电解液电极适用于电导率≥0.1us/cm的污水测量电极主要适用于电力行业，污水处理系统的PH值的测量5。

甲状腺激素在心脏缺血-再灌注中的作用机制岑凯栋;魏盟【摘要】甲状腺激素对心血管系统有许多作用,其对心肌收缩力、心脏节律和血管功能的作用早已得到认识.然而,越来越多的证据表明,甲状腺激素T3能减轻心脏缺血-再灌注损伤,同时在抑制心脏重构中起重要作用.此文对甲状腺激素在心肌缺血-再灌注以及心脏重构的作用和机制作一介绍.【期刊名称】《国际心血管病杂志》【年(卷),期】2012(039)004【总页数】3页(P198-200)【关键词】缺血-再灌注;心脏重构;心肌梗死;甲状腺激素【作者】岑凯栋;魏盟【作者单位】200233 上海交通大学附属上海市第六人民医院心内科;200233 上海交通大学附属上海市第六人民医院心内科【正文语种】中文甲状腺激素在心脏血流动力学、心肌收缩力、心脏节律、血管功能等方面起重要作用已被广泛认可。

最近的研究表明，甲状腺激素T3在心脏缺血－再灌注、心脏重构中具有保护作用，但其作用机制还不完全清楚。

同时，有研究表明无论是缺血还是非缺血因素导致的心力衰竭，都会影响甲状腺激素的信号转导，并且这是心力衰竭死亡独立的危险因素。

在动物模型研究中，发现甲状腺激素信号转导的改变也会影响心脏重构。

1 甲状腺激素与缺血－再灌注甲状腺激素T3在心肌缺血中没被广泛研究，主要是由于甲状腺激素增加可导致心动过速，加重心肌缺血，以及在心脏疾病中“低T3状态”对心脏的保护，所以很少有人认为甲状腺激素在心脏疾病中有益。

然而，许多细胞及动物模型的研究结果表明，在缺血－再灌注前，甲状腺激素急性或慢性的预处理可减少缺血－再灌注损伤，Kumar等［1］对大鼠使用T3预处理2周后，进行缺血30min，再灌注120 min处理，与对照组相比，实验组明显减少了心肌梗死（心梗）面积，减少了乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肌酸激酶同工酶（CK－MB）的释放；另外一个实验组预使用T4后，对大鼠心脏的缺血－再灌注没有显示保护作用。

2 甲状腺激素心脏保护作用的可能机制心肌缺血后细胞内信号的改变能够决定心肌细胞的存活或凋亡，p38有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）和c－Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）被认为是亲凋亡信号，而细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK）和丝氨酸／苏氨酸激酶（Akt，又称PKB）被认为是亲存活信号，而甲状腺激素的血清水平高低与这几个信号分子的激活与抑制有关，从而通过一系列反应，产生心脏保护作用。

第60卷 第1期2024年02月青岛大学学报(医学版)J O U R N A LO FQ I N G D A O U N I V E R S I T Y (M E D I C A LS C I E N C E S)V o l .60,N o .1F e b r u a r y2024[收稿日期]2023-05-13; [修订日期]2023-09-05[基金项目]青岛市医药科研指导计划(2020-W J Z D 077)[第一作者]鲁翠红(1987-),女,主治医师㊂[通信作者]郇述玲(1970-),女,博士,主任医师㊂E -m a i l :h s l f -gh @163.c o m ㊂发热伴血小板减少综合征病人实验室检查指标与临床结局的相关性鲁翠红1,耿贝贤2,赖建明3,范天利3,郇述玲3,王玲4(1 临沂市中心医院感染科,山东临沂 276400; 2 淄博市职业病防治院康复医学科;3 青岛市第六人民医院感染科;4 青岛大学附属青岛市中心医院血液科)[摘要] 目的 研究发热伴血小板减少综合征(S F T S )病人实验室检查指标与临床结局的相关性,为该病临床诊治提供依据㊂方法 采用回顾性研究的方法,收集青岛市第六人民医院住院确诊治疗的100例S F T S 病人的临床资料,根据病人的临床结局分为存活组和死亡组,分析实验室检查指标与早期诊断以及临床结局的相关性㊂结果 存活组与死亡组病人的病毒载量㊁C 反应蛋白㊁降钙素原(P C T )㊁白细胞介素-6㊁白细胞介素-10(I L -10)㊁干扰素-γ㊁谷丙转氨酶㊁谷草转氨酶㊁γ-谷氨酰转肽酶㊁乳酸脱氢酶㊁α-羟丁酸脱氢酶㊁肌酸激酶㊁肌酸激酶同工酶㊁尿素氮㊁肌酐㊁凝血酶原时间㊁凝血酶原活动度㊁活化部分凝血活酶时间㊁D -二聚体㊁C D 3+淋巴细胞数㊁C D 4+淋巴细胞数㊁C D 8+淋巴细胞数和血C a 2+的差异有统计学意义(Z =2.301~6.043,t =4.393㊁3.605,P <0.05)㊂I L -10㊁P C T ㊁病毒载量是病人发生死亡的独立危险因素(O R =1.010~4.801,P <0.05)㊂结论 多项实验室检查指标可预示S F T S 病人的临床结局,高I L -10㊁P C T ㊁病毒载量使病人死亡的风险增加,应该早期检测,动态观察,以指导诊断和治疗㊂[关键词] 重度发热伴血小板减少综合征;临床实验室技术;预后;临床研究[中图分类号] R 558.2;R 446.9 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 2096-5532(2024)01-0133-04d o i :10.11712/jm s .2096-5532.2024.60.001[开放科学(资源服务)标识码(O S I D )][网络出版] h t t ps ://l i n k .c n k i .n e t /u r l i d /37.1517.R.20240227.0938.002;2024-02-28 13:46:53A s s o c i a t i o nb e t w e e n l a b o r a t o r y m a r k e r sa n dc l i n i c a lo u t c o m e s i n p a t i e n t sw i t hs e v e r ef e v e rw i t ht h r o m b o c y t o p e n i as yn d r o m e L U C u i h o n g ,G E N GB e i x i a n ,L A IJ i a n m i n g ,F A N T i a n l i ,HU A N S h u l i n g ,WA N GL i n g (I n f e c t i o nD e p a r t m e n t o f L i n y i C e n -t r a lH o s p i t a l ,L i n yi 276400,C h i n a )[A b s t r a c t ] O b je c t i v e T o i n v e s t i g a t e t h ea s s o c i a t i o nb e t w e e n l a b o r a t o r y m a r k e r s a n dc l i n i c a l o u t c o m e s i n p a t i e n t sw i t hs e -v e r ef e v e rw i t h t h r o m b o c y t o p e n i a s y n d r o m e (S F T S ),a n d t o p r o v i d e ab a s i s f o r t h e c l i n i c a l d i ag n o s i s a n d t r e a t m e n t o f thi sd i s e a s e .M e t h o d s Ar e t r o s p e c t i v e a n a l y s i sw a s p e r f o r m e d f o r t h e c l i n i c a l d a t a o f 100p a t i e n t sw h ow e r eh o s pi t a l i z e da n dh a da c o n f i r m e d -d i a g n o s i s o f S F T S i nQ i n g d a o S i x t hP e o p l e sH o s p i t a l ,a n d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e c l i n i c a l o u t c o m e ,t h e y w e r e d i v i d e d i n t o s u r v i v a l g r o u pa n dd e a t h g r o u p .T h e a s s o c i a t i o no f l ab o r a t o r y m a r k e r sw i t he a r l y d i a g n o s i s a n dc l i n i c a l o u t c o m ew a s a n a l y z ed f o r t he t w o g r o u p s .R e s u l t s T h e r ew e r e s i g n if i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e t w og r o u p s i nv i r a l l o a d ,C -r e a c t i v e p r o t e i n ,pr o c a l c i t o n i n (P C T ),i n t e r -l e u k i n -6,i n t e r l e u k i n -10(I L -10),i n t e r f e r o n -γ,a l a n i n e a m i n o t r a n s f e r a s e ,a s p a r t a t e a m i n o t r a n s f e r a s e ,g a mm a -g l u t a m y l t r a n s p e p t i -d a s e ,l a c t a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e ,α-h y d r o x y b u t y r a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e ,c r e a t i n e k i n a s e ,c r e a t i n e k i n a s e i s o e n z y m e ,u r e a n i t r o g e n ,c r e a t i -n i n e ,p r o t h r o m b i n t i m e ,p r o t h r o m b i na c t i v i t y ,a c t i v a t e d p a r t i a l t h r o m b o p l a s t i nt i m e ,D -d i m e r ,C D 3+l y m p h o c y t ec o u n t ,C D 4+l y m p h o c y t e c o u n t ,C D 8+l y m p h o c yt e c o u n t ,a n db l o o dC a 2+(Z =2.301-6.043,t =4.393,3.605,P <0.05).I L -10,P C T ,a n dv i r a l l o a dw e r e i n d e p e n d e n t r i s k f a c t o r s f o r d e a t h (O R =1.010-4.801,P <0.05). C o n c l u s i o n M u l t i p l e l a b o r a t o r y m a r k e r s c a n p r e -d i c t t h e c l i n i c a l o u t c o m e o f p a t i e n t sw i t hS F T S ,a n d t h e e l e v a t e d l e v e l s o f I L -10,P C T ,a n dv i r a l l o a d c a n i n c r e a s e r i s ko f d e a t h i n p a t i e n t s .T h e r e f o r e ,e a r l y m e a s u r e m e n t a n dd y n a m i c o b s e r v a t i o no fm u l t i p l e l a b o r a t o r y m a r k e r s c a nh e l p t o g u i d e c l i n i c a l d i a gn o s i s a n d t r e a t m e n t .[K e y wo r d s ] s e v e r e f e v e rw i t h t h r o m b o c y t o p e n i a s y n d r o m e ;c l i n i c a l l a b o r a t o r y t e c h n i q u e s ;p r o g n o s i s ;c l i n i c a l s t u d y 发热伴血小板减少综合征(S F T S )是一种由发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒(S F T S V )引起的新发传染病,病死率可以达到10%左右,并可以人间传播[1]㊂其主要临床表现为急性发热㊁乏力㊁全身酸痛㊁恶心㊁呕吐㊁腹痛㊁腹泻等症状,外周血白细胞计数㊁血小板计数减少,严重者可出现多脏器功能损害㊁弥散性血管内凝血(D I C ),甚至死亡㊂对于该病的治疗,目前尚无特效药,也没有有效的疫苗㊂采取134青岛大学学报(医学版)60卷何种措施提升病人抢救成功率,并快速控制病人疾病进展,降低病人的病死率及并发症发生率已经成为该疾病的研究热点[2]㊂本研究比较S F T S存活组与死亡组病人实验室检查指标的差异,分析影响S F T S死亡的危险因素,为该病的临床诊断和治疗提供参考依据㊂1对象与方法1.1研究对象选取2018年1月-2022年6月在青岛市第六人民医院住院诊疗的S F T S病人100例,其中男性50例,女性50例,年龄23~85岁㊂S F T S诊断符合相关文献的标准[3]㊂排除住院时间ɤ72h死亡㊁自动出院以及外院治疗ȡ3d的病人㊂根据预后将病人分为存活组和死亡组㊂1.2研究方法收集病人的性别㊁年龄㊁疾病史等基本情况及病程第1周内的临床症状及实验室检查指标,包括血常规㊁肝功能㊁肾功能㊁心肌酶谱㊁电解质㊁凝血功能㊁细胞因子㊁炎症指标㊁病毒载量等㊂比较存活组和死亡组病人的实验室检查指标的差异㊂1.3统计学方法所有统计分析采用S P S S25.0软件完成㊂正态计量资料采用 xʃs描述,两组均数间的比较采用两独立样本的t检验;偏态计量资料采用M(P25, P75)描述,两组间的比较采用M a n n-W h i t n e y U检验㊂计数资料以例(χ/%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验㊂将单因素分析中有统计学意义(P<0.05)的指标作为自变量,将S F T S病人是否死亡作为因变量(存活=0,死亡=1),应用后退法进行S F T S死亡危险因素的多因素l o g i s t i c s回归分析㊂P<0.05为差异有统计学意义㊂2结果2.1两组病人一般资料比较本文有18例病人(死亡组)因呼吸循环衰竭㊁神经系统损害㊁昏迷㊁多脏器功能损害㊁D I C等死亡(其中有3例病人自动出院放弃抢救治疗),病死率为18%㊂82例病人(存活组)治愈或好转出院,出院后病人体力逐渐恢复,未遗留明显的后遗症㊂两组病人一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)㊂见表1㊂2.2两组病人临床特征比较两组S F T S病人临床特征比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)㊂见表2㊂2.3两组病人血常规㊁凝血功能㊁生化指标的比较存活组与死亡组S F T S病人的凝血酶原时间(P T)㊁凝血酶原活动度(P T A)㊁活化部分凝血活酶时间(A P T T)㊁D-二聚体㊁谷丙转氨酶(A L T)㊁谷草转氨酶(A S T)㊁γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-G T)㊁尿素氮(B U N)㊁肌酐(C r)㊁乳酸脱氢酶(L D H)㊁α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(H B D H)㊁肌酸激酶(C K)㊁肌酸激酶同工酶(C K-M B)㊁血C a2+差异有统计学意义(Z=2.920~5.110,t=4.393㊁3.605,P<0.05)㊂见表3㊂2.4两组病人炎症指标㊁细胞因子㊁淋巴细胞亚群㊁病毒载量比较存活组和死亡组S F T S病人的C反应蛋白(C R P)㊁降钙素原(P C T)㊁白细胞介素-6(I L-6)㊁白细胞介素-10(I L-10)㊁干扰素-γ(I F N-γ)㊁C D3+淋巴细胞数㊁C D4+淋巴细胞数㊁C D8+淋巴细胞数差异有统计学意义(Z=2.598~6.043,P<0.05);死亡组病人的病毒载量高于存活组(Z=2.301,P<0.05)㊂见表4㊂2.5S F T S病人死亡危险因素的多因素分析多因素l o g i s t i c回归分析显示,I L-10㊁P C T和病毒载量增高是S F T S病人死亡的危险因素㊂I L-10每增加1n g/L,死亡风险则增加1%;P C T每增加1n g/L,死亡风险则增加380.1%;病毒载量每增加1l g103c o p y/L,死亡风险则增加111.8%㊂见表5㊂3讨论作为一种新发传染病,S F T S发病区域不断扩大㊂重症S F T S病人的病情一般进展迅速,并且常常合并多脏器的衰竭,病死率较高㊂对于S F T S病人的救治,目前缺乏有效的治疗手段㊂对于重症(重型和危重型的统称)病人早期识别并及时治疗,能够有效降低病死率㊂但仍有部分医生对其认识不足㊂本研究结果显示,死亡组病人的病毒载量高于存活组,高病毒载量是病人死亡的独立危险因素,这表1两组病人一般临床资料比较(例(χ/%))组别n年龄(岁,M(P25,P75))性别(男/女,例)高血压糖尿病冠心病呼吸系统疾病存活组8264.5(54.0,72.0)39/4317(20.7)10(12.2)10(12.2)14(17.1)死亡组1867.5(57.5,73.3)11/77(38.9)5(27.8)2(11.1)2(11.1)1期鲁翠红,等.发热伴血小板减少综合征病人实验室检查指标与临床结局的相关性135表2 两组病人临床特征的比较(例(χ/%))组别n发热乏力腹痛/腹泻恶心/呕吐咳嗽/咳痰肺部炎症肌肉酸痛淋巴结大存活组8280(97.6)80(97.6)29(35.4)38(46.3)24(29.3)28(34.1)13(15.9)8(9.8)死亡组1818(100.0)16(88.9)9(50.0)7(38.9)7(38.9)8(44.4)3(16.7)6(33.3)表3 两组病人血常规㊁凝血功能㊁生化指标的比较(M (P 25,P 75))组别nW B C (c c e l l /109㊃L -1)P L T (c c e l l/109㊃L -1)A L T (z /U ㊃L -1)A S T (z /U ㊃L -1)γ-G T (z /U ㊃L -1)存活组822.93(1.94,4.72)52.00(36.00,92.25)92.50(50.50,155.25)134.50(78.50,269.75)45.00(24.50,97.00)死亡组183.78(2.27,6.38)37.00(28.75,73.50) 279.00(167.75,581.25)# 664.50(350.25,1245.25)# 96.50(50.50,240.75)#组别nL D H (z /U ㊃L -1)H B D H (z /U ㊃L -1)C K (z /U ㊃L -1)C K -M B (z /U ㊃L -1)G L U (c /mm o l㊃L -1)存活组82540(374,996)420(288,711)228(109,920)25(17,36)6.0(5.2,7.5)死亡组182495(1393,3856)# 1604(873,2887)# 1685(1008,3476)# 68(39,110)#9.8(6.2,14.2)组别nA LB (ρ/g ㊃L -1)a B U N (c /mm o l ㊃L -1)C r (c /μm o l ㊃L -1)P T (t /s)P T A (χ/%)a 存活组8231.42ʃ3.834.1(3.2,5.8)58(43,74)11.5(10.6,12.2)92.00ʃ13.11死亡组1830.85ʃ3.338.5(4.4,13.9)# 78(68,111)# 12.9(11.7,13.9)# 77.39ʃ10.82*组别nA P T T (t /s )D -二聚体(ρ/m g ㊃L -1)N a +(c /mm o l ㊃L -1)K +(c /mm o l ㊃L -1)C a 2+(c /mm o l㊃L -1)a 存活组8238.0(33.85,45.05)0.70(0.38,2.08)135.78ʃ4.833.70(3.30,3.90)2.03ʃ0.21死亡组1849.1(42.05,54.75)# 2.90(2.29,5.48)#133.95ʃ6.793.40(2.85,4.13) 1.84ʃ0.19*注:W B C 为白细胞计数,P L T 为血小板计数,G L U 为空腹血糖,A L B 为清蛋白㊂a 数据为 x ʃs 形式㊂与存活组比较,#Z =2.920~5.110,*t =4.393㊁3.605,P <0.05㊂表4 两组病人炎症指标㊁细胞因子㊁淋巴细胞亚群㊁病毒载量比较(M (P 25,P 75))组别nC R P (ρ/m g ㊃L -1)P C T (ρ/n g ㊃L -1)I L -6(ρ/n g ㊃L -1)I L -10(ρ/n g ㊃L -1)存活组823.65(1.24,10.83)0.10(0.04,0.22)18.08(9.16,48.62)3.14(1.79, 8.27)死亡组1811.80(6.16,26.68)# 0.48(0.10,0.99)# 162.51(88.95,322.55)# 96.70(40.21,258.07)#组别nI L -12(ρ/n g ㊃L -1)I L -17(ρ/n g ㊃L -1)I F N -γ(ρ/n g ㊃L -1)T N F -α(ρ/n g ㊃L -1)存活组821.39(0.76,1.74)2.30(1.14,3.37)10.31( 3.65,121.47)2.05(1.72,3.10)死亡组181.37(1.04,1.64)2.33(1.07,3.28) 326.60(144.90,874.47)#2.85(1.96,3.32)组别nC D 3+细胞(c c e l l /103㊃L -1)C D 4+细胞(c c e l l/103㊃L -1)C D 8+细胞(c c e l l/103㊃L -1)C D 4+/C D 8+病毒载量(l g 103c o p y/L )存活组82964(555,1582)462(296,685)493(267,893)0.94(0.55,1.26)5.94(2.75,7.39)死亡组18263(192,398)# 110(92,237)# 98(72,156)#1.27(0.83,1.51) 7.39(6.87,9.16)# 注:T N F -α为肿瘤坏死因子-α㊂与存活组比较,#Z =2.301~6.043,P <0.05㊂表5 S F T S 病人死亡危险因素的多因素l o gi s t i c s 回归分析影响因素βS e (β)OR 及其95%C I PI L -10(ρ/n g ㊃L -1)0.0100.0051.010(1.000~1.021)0.054P C T (ρ/n g ㊃L -1)1.5690.8214.801(1.000~1.021)0.056病毒载量(l g 103c o p y/L )0.7510.3662.118(1.000~1.021)0.040 注:O R 为比值比,C I 为可信区间,β为回归系数,S e (β)为回归系数的标准误,α=0.10㊂与刘硕等[4]㊁L I 等[5]和G A I 等[6]的研究结果一致㊂S F T S 是由S F T S V 引起的急性自然疫源性人畜共患传染病,以成人感染为主,近年来儿童感染病例也有报道㊂其主要临床特征为发热伴血小板减少,少数病人病情危重迅速发展为重症,可最终死于多脏器衰竭[7]㊂S F T S 发病率近年来呈整体上升趋势,2011 2021年,全国共报道S F T S 确诊病例12953例[8]㊂国内S F T S 病死率从2011年的10.58%降至2021年的5.07%[8],但重症病人病死率仍较高,合并多脏器衰竭及中枢神经系统受累的S F T S 病人病死率高达44.7%[9]㊂日本和韩国等国家也有当地重症S F T S 病死率超过20%的报道[10]㊂重症病人的救治是S F T S 防治工作的重要环节㊂S F T S 发病机制目前尚未完全明确㊂有研究显示,S F T S V 主要通过携带病毒的蜱叮咬传播,侵入人体后,S F T S V 先侵入距离叮咬伤口最近的淋巴结,主要靶细胞是淋巴细胞(尤其是B 细胞)[11]㊂淋巴结大及坏死性淋巴结炎(尤其是最接近蜱叮咬处的区域淋巴结)是S F T S 的特征性表现㊂S F T S V 复136青岛大学学报(医学版)60卷制后进入体循环,形成病毒血症,进一步激活其他免疫细胞,引起细胞因子风暴和严重的炎症反应综合征[12-13]㊂其中血小板减少是S F T S V感染的重要标志[14]㊂血小板减少的机制可能为:①病毒诱导的凝血途径激活增加了外周血小板的消耗[15];②全身炎症反应综合征引起严重的内皮损伤㊁继发凝血紊乱及D I C[16];③S F T S V的主要靶器官和复制场所是脾脏,被病毒黏附的血小板在脾内被巨噬细胞清除导致血小板减少㊂本研究结果显示,W B C㊁P L T在S F T S病人中均出现不同程度的下降,但差异无统计学意义,与刘硕等[4]㊁L I等[17]的研究结果一致㊂本研究结果显示,死亡组病人细胞因子㊁炎症反应㊁凝血指标水平显著高于存活组,同时肝脏㊁心肌㊁凝血系统㊁免疫系统损伤程度也高于存活组,说明死亡组病人存在更为严重的多脏器功能损害㊂重症病人的早期识别尤为重要[18]㊂C a2+在凝血机制中被称为凝血因子Ⅳ,参与人体血液凝固作用的多个环节,如凝血因子的激活以及纤维蛋白单体的聚合作用等㊂血浆C a2+浓度的降低常伴有凝血功能障碍㊂有研究表明,当心肌细胞被病毒感染后,C a2+的失衡可能会导致心肌炎的发生[19]㊂本研究结果也显示,死亡组病人血浆C a2+浓度显著低于存活组㊂综上所述,掌握重症S F T S病人的临床实验室检查指标特点,通过分析病毒载量㊁C R P㊁P C T㊁I L-6㊁I L-10㊁I F N-γ㊁A L T㊁A S T㊁γ-G T㊁L D H㊁H B D H㊁C K㊁C K-M B㊁B U N㊁C r㊁P T㊁P T A㊁A P T T㊁D-二聚体㊁C D3+淋巴细胞数㊁C D4+淋巴细胞数㊁C D8+淋巴细胞数㊁血C a2+等指标的变化,结合病人临床症状㊁体征及影像学检查结果,早期识别重症病人,及时调整治疗方案,对改善病人预后具有重要的意义㊂[参考文献][1]李兰娟,王宇明.感染病学学习指导及习题集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2017.[2]HU A N G XX,WA N GSW,WA N GXJ,e t a l.E s t i m a t i o n o ft h e i n c i d e n c e o f s e v e r e f e v e rw i t h t h r o m b o c y t o p e n i a s y n d r o m ei nh i g he n d e m i ca r e a s i nC h i n a:a n i n p a t i e n t-b a s e dr e t r o s p e c-t i v e s t u d y[J].B M CI n f e c t i o u sD i s e a s e s,2018,18(1):66. 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[4]刘硕,徐东强,于成勇,等.实验室检查指标对发热伴血小板减少综合征的早期诊断及预后的影响[J].中华传染病杂志, 2020,38(4):245-248.[5]L IH,L U Q B,X I N G B,e ta l.E p i d e m i o l o g i c a l a n dc l i n i c a lf e a t u r e s o f l a b o r a t o r y-d i ag n o s e ds e v e r e f e v e rw i th t h r o m b o c y-t o p e n i a s y n d r o m e i n C h i n a,2011-17:a p r o s p e c t i v eo b s e r v a-t i o n a l s t u d y[J].T h e L a n c e tI n f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e s,2018,18(10):1127-1137.[6]G A I ZT,Z H A N G Y,L I A N G M F,e t a l.C l i n i c a l p r o g r e s sa n d r i s k f a c t o r s f o r d e a t h i n s e v e r e f e v e rw i t h t h r o mb oc y t o p e-n i a s y n d r o m e p a t i e n t s[J].T h e J o u r n a l o f I n f e c t i o u sD i s e a s e s, 2012,206(7):1095-1102.[7]Y UXJ,L I A N G M F,Z HA N GSY,e t a l.F e v e rw i t h t h r o m-b oc y t o p e n i aa s s o c i a t ed w i t han o ve lb u n y a v i r u s i nC h i n a[J].T h eN e wE n g l a n d J o u r n a l o fM e d i c i n e,2011,364(16):1523-1532.[8]陈秋兰,朱曼桐,陈宁,等.2011 2021年全国发热伴血小板减少综合征流行特征分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2022,43(6): 852-859.[9]C U IN,L I U R,L U QB,e t a l.S e v e r e f e v e rw i t h t h r o m b o c y-t o p e n i a s y n d r o m eb u n y a v i r u s-r e l a t e dh u m a ne n c e p h a l i t i s[J].T h e J o u r n a l o f I n f e c t i o n,2015,70(1):52-59.[10]S E OJW,K I M D,Y U NN,e t a l.C l i n i c a l u p d a t e o f s e v e r e f e v e rw i t h t h r o m b o c y t o p e n i a s y n d r o m e[J].V i r u s e s,2021,13(7):1213.[11]P A R K A,P A R KS J,J U N G KL,e t a l.M o l e c u l a r s i g n a t u r e so f i n f l a mm a t o r yp r o f i l e a n dB-c e l l f u n c t i o n i n p a t i e n t sw i t h s e-v e r e f e v e rw i t h t h r o m b o c y t o p e n i a s y n d r o m e[J].m B i o,2021, 12(1):e02583-e02520.[12]D E N G B C,Z HA N G SJ,G E N G Y Z,e ta l.C y t o k i n ea n dc h e m o k i n e l e v e l s i n p a t i e n t sw i t h s e v e r e f e v e rw i t h t h r o m b o c y-t o p e n i a s y n d r o m e v i r u s[J].P L o SO n e,2012,7(7):e41365.[13]KWO NJS,K I M M C,K I MJY,e t a l.K i n e t i c s o f v i r a l l o a da n dc y t o k i n e s i n s e v e r e f e v e rw i t h t h r o mb oc y t o p e n i a s y nd r o m e[J].J o u r n a l o fC l i n i c a lV i r o l o g y,2018,101:57-62. [14]L I X K,D A I K,Y A N G Z D,e ta l.C o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e nt h r o m b o c y t o p e n i a a n d h o s t r e s p o n s ei n s e v e r e f e v e r w i t h t h r o m b o c y t o p e n i a s y n d r o m e[J].P L o S N e g l e c t e dT r o p i c a lD i-s e a s e s,2020,14(10):e0008801.[15]C A S E L M A,P A R K SJ,C H O I Y K.S e v e r ef e v e r w i t ht h r o m b o c y t o p e n i a s y n d r o m e v i r u s:e m e r g i n g n o v e l p h l e b o v i r u sa n d t h e i r c o n t r o l s t r a t e g y[J].E x p e r i m e n t a l&M o l e c u l a rM e-d i c i n e,2021,53(5):713-722.[16]D I N G YP,L I A N G M F,Y EJB,e t a l.P r o g n o s t i cv a l u eo fc l i n i c a l a nd i mm u n o l o g i c a lm a r ke r s i na c u t e p h a s e of S F T Sv i-r u s i n f e c t i o n[J].C l i n i c a lM i c r o b i o l o g y a n d I n f e c t i o n,2014,20(11):O870-O878.[17]L I J,HA N YP,X I N G YP,e t a l.C o n c u r r e n tm e a s u r e m e n to f d y n a m i c c h a n g e s i nv i r a l l o a d,s e r u me n z y m e s,Tc e l l s u b-s e t s,a n d c y t o k i n e s i n p a t i e n t sw i t h s e v e r e f e v e rw i t h t h r o m b o-c y t o p e n i a s y nd r o m e[J].P L o SO n e,2014,9(3):e91679.[18]陈广,陈韬,舒赛男,等.重症发热伴血小板减少综合征诊治专家共识[J].传染病信息,2022,35(5):385-393. [19]S H I V A N T H A N M C,R A J A P A K S ES.D e n g u ea n dc a l c i u m[J].I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l o f C r i t i c a l I l l n e s s a n d I n j u r y S c i e n c e, 2014,4(4):314-316.(本文编辑周晓彬)。

Exceptionally reliable general purposerelayLong life (minimum 100,000 electricaloperations) assured by silver contacts Built-in operation indicator (mechanical,LED), diode surge suppression, Varistorsurge suppressionThe contact operation can be easily checked by mechanical indicator and/orpush-to-test button optionsConforms to CENELEC standardsVDE approved versions availableGeneral Purpose RelayMKOrdering InformationTo Order: Select the part number and add the desired coil voltage rating (e.g., MK3P5-S-).Note: 1.Reverse polarity versions available on DC coil types. Consult your OMRON representative for further information.2.VDE approved versions are available. Consult your OMRON representative for further information.Part numberMechanical Mechanical indicator TypeTerminal Coil Contact form indicator & push-to-test button Standard Plug-inAC/DCDPDT MK2P-I MK2P-S 3PDT MK3P-5-I MK3P-5-S LED indicatorDPDT MK2PN-I MK2PN-S 3PDT MK3PN-5-I MK3PN-5-S LED indicator and diode DC DPDT MK2PND-IMK2PND-S 3PDT MK3PND-5-I MK3PND-5-SLED indicator and varistor AC DPDT MK2PNV-I MK2PNV-S 3PDT MK3PNV-5-I MK3PNV-5-S Diode DC DPDT MK2PD-I MK2PD-S 3PDT MK3PD-5-I MK3PD-5-S VaristorACDPDT MK2PV-I MK2PV-S 3PDTMK3PV-5-IMK3PV-5-SACCESSORIES (Order separately)To Order: Select the appropriate part numbers for sockets, clips, and mounting tracks (if required) from the available types chart.Track mounted socketsPart number Relay type Socket Relay hold-down clip Mounting track/end plate SPDT PF083A-E PFC-A1PFP-100N or PFP-50N and DPDT PFP-M (end plate)3PDTPF113A-EPFC-A1PFP-100N or PFP-50N and PFP-M (end plate)2MKMKCOIL DATANote: 1.The rated current and coil resistance are measured at a coil temperature of 23C (73F) with a tolerance of 15% for DCrated current and +15%, -20% for AC rated current.2.The rated current is reference value.3.Performance characteristic data are measured at a coil temperature of 23C (73F).4.For models with the LED indicator built-in, add an LED current of approximately 0 thru 5 mA to the rated current.SpecificationsCONTACT DATAResistive load (p.f. = 1)Load 2 Pole 3 Pole Inductive load (p.f. = 0.4)Rated load10 A at 250 VAC 10 A at 120 VAC 7 A at 250 VAC10 A at 28 VDC 10 A at 28 VDC 10 A at 250 VACContact material Ag Carry current10 AMax. operating voltage 250 VAC, 250 VDC Max. operating current 10 AMax. switching capacity 2,500 VA 2,500 VA/1,250 VA (NO/NC contacts)1,750 VA280 W280 WMin. permissible load10 mA at 1 VDCRated RatedCoilCoil inductance Pick-up Dropout Maximum Powervoltage current (mA)resistance (Ref. value) (H)voltage voltage voltageconsumption (VAC)(at 60 Hz)()Armature OFFArmature ON % of rated voltage(mW)6360 3.90.04230.020180% max.30% min.110% max.Approx.1218016.30.32700.1666Approx.(at 60 Hz) 2.3 VA 2488.068.00.69400.3760 2.7 VA25% min.(at 60 Hz)5039.0338 3.195 1.530(at 50 Hz)Approx.11021.0124013.457.32 2.7 VA 12018.0157815.047.19(at 50 Hz)22011.0509049.7327.022409.2673758.6232.07Rated RatedCoilCoil inductance Pick-up Dropout MaximumPowervoltage current (mA)resistance (Ref. value) (H)voltage voltage voltageconsumption (VDC)(at 60 Hz)()Armature OFF Armature ON % of rated voltage(mW)625523.50.2060.10680% max.15% min.110% max.Approx.12126950.9630.449Approx. 1.5 W2456430 4.915 2.478 2.7 VA4829.5163016.68510.48711015.1730080.242.6AC DC Back connecting socketsPart numberRelay type Socket Relay hold-down clip SPDT PL08PLC-E DPDT PLE08-0PLC-10PL08-Q PLC-E 3PDTPL11PLC-E PLE11-0PLC-10PL11-QPLC-EACCESSORIES (continued)3MKMKCHARACTERISTICSContact resistance50 m max.Operate time AC: 20 ms max. DC: 30 ms max.Release time 20 ms max.Operating frequency Mechanical 18,000 operations/hourElectrical1,800 operations/hour (under rated load)Insulation resistance 100 M min. (at 500 VDC)Dielectric strength2,500 VAC, 50/60 Hz for 1 minute between coil and contacts1,000 VAC, 50/60 Hz for 1 minute between contacts of same poles, between terminals of the same polarity2,500 VAC, 50/60 Hz for 1 minute between current-carrying parts, noncurrent-carrying parts, and terminals of opposite polarityVibrationMechanical durability 10 to 55 Hz, 1.50 mm (0.06 in) double amplitude Malfunction durability10 to 55 Hz, 1.00 mm (0.04 in) double amplitude ShockMechanical durability 1,000 m/s 2 (approx. 100 G)Malfunction durability100 m/s 2 (approx. 10 G)Ambient temperature Operation: -10 to 40C (14 to 104F)Humidity 35 to 85% RHService LifeMechanical 10 million operations min. (at operating frequency of 18,000 operations/hour)Electrical100,000 operations at rated load (at operating frequency of 1,800 operations/hour)WeightApprox. 0.85 g (3.0 oz)Note:Data shown are of initial value.CHARACTERISTIC DATAMaximum switching capacity Electrical service life MK2P-S, MK3P5-SMK2P-S, MK3P5-SRated operating voltage (V)R a t e d o p e r a t i n g c u r r e n t (A )Rated operating current (A)S e r v i c e l i f e (x 106 o p e r a t i o n s )4MKMKTERMINAL ARRANGEMENT (Bottom view)Standard type (AC/DC coil)LED indicator type (AC coil)MK2P-I, S MK3P5-I, -S MK2PN-I, -SMK3PN-5-I, -SLED indicator type (DC coil)Diode type (DC coil)MK2PN-I, -S MK3PN-5-I, -S MK2PD-I, -SMK3PD-5-I, -SVaristor type (AC coil)LED indicator and diode type (DC coil)MK2PV-I, -S MK3PV-5-I, -S MK2PND-I, -SMK3PND-5-I, -SLED indicator and Varistor type (AC coil)MK2PNV-I, -SMK3PNV-5-I, -SUnit: mm (inch)DimensionsRELAYS5MKMKTrack mounted socketPF083A-E (conforming to DIN EN 50022)TerminalMounting Mounting dimensions arrangementholesof relay with socketNote:Model PF083A-E can be used as a front connecting socket.Track mounted socketPF113A-E (conforming to DIN EN 50022)TerminalMounting Mounting dimensions arrangement holes of relay with socketNote:Model PF113A-E can be used as a front connecting socket.Back connecting socket Printed circuit MK2 sockets (8 pin)board socket PL08 (UL File No. E87929)PL08-QPLE08-0Solder terminalsWire wrap terminalsMounting holes PL08 type sockets and MK2 relay Recommended PCB layout PL08Total height dimensionPLE08-0ACCESSORIES6MKMK ACCESSORIES (continued)Mounting tracksPFP-100N/PFP-50N PFP-100N2(conforming to DIN EN 500022)(conforming to DIN EN 500022)Note: 1.*This dimension applies to mounting track PFP-50N.2. A total of twelve 25 x 4.50 mm (0.98 x 0.18 in) elliptic holes is provided with six holes cut from each rail end at a pitch of10 mm (0.39 in) holes.PFP-M end plateNote:Use of Type PFP-M end plate is recommended to secure the socket on the mounting track. Be sure that the engraved arrowmark on the surface of the end plate faces upward and then tighten the screw firmly with a screwdriver.Unit: mm (inch)Back connecting socket Printed circuitMK3 sockets (11 pin)board socketPL11 (UL File No. E87929)PL11-Q PLE11-0Solder terminals Wire wrap terminalsMounting holes PL11 type sockets and MK3 relay Recommended PCB layoutPL11Total height dimensionPLE11-07 MK MK Type Contact formCoil ratings Contact ratingsMK2P-I, -S DPDT 6 to 250 VAC10 A, 250 VAC, Resistive6 to 110 VDC10 A, 28 VDC, Resistive7 A, 250 VAC, InductiveMK3P5-I, -S3PDT 6 to 250 VAC10 A, 120 VAC, Resistive6 to 110 VDC10 A, 28 VDC, Resistive10 A, 250 VAC, Resistive7 A, 250 VAC, InductiveAPPROVALSUL (File No. E41515)/CSA (File Nos. LR41408 and LR335535)Note: 1.The rated values approved by each of the safety standards (e.g., UL and CSA) may be different from the performance characteristics individually defined in this catalog.2.VDE, Nemko and Semko versions are available. Please consult your OMRON representative for further information.3.In the interest of product improvement, specifications are subject to change.Type Contact form Coil ratings Contact ratingsMK2P-I, -S DPDT 6 to 110 VDC10 A, 250 VAC (NO) (cosø = 1)5 A, 250 VAC (NC) (cosø = 1)10 A, 280 VDC (NO)MK3P5-I, -S3PDT 6 to 240 VAC 5 A, 280 VDC (NC)7 A, 250 VAC (cosø = 0.4)SEV, DEMKOType Contact form Coil ratings Contact ratingsMK2P-I, -S DPDT6, 12, 24, 48,10 A, 250 VAC (NO) (cosø = 1)100, 110 VDC 5 A, 250 VAC (NC) (cosø = 1)10 A, 280 VDC (NO)MK3P5-I, -S3PDT6, 12, 24, 50, 5 A, 280 VDC (NC)110, 115, 120,7 A, 250 VAC (cosø = 0.4)200, 220, 230,240 VACTUV (File No. R9051410)OMRON ELECTRONICS, INC.OMRON CANADA, INC.One East Commerce Drive885 Milner AvenueSchaumburg, IL 60173Scarborough, Ontario M1B 5V81-800-55-OMRON416-286-6465Cat. No. GC RL Y701/00Specifications subject to change without notice.Printed in the U.S.A.。

钢管的品名分类品名详细品名材质弹簧钢高强弹簧钢50CrV4，50CrVA弹簧钢51CrMoV4，51CrV4，60CrMnA，60CrMnA，60Si2CrA60Si2CrVA ，60Si2MnA，70S，60Si2Mn，77-82B50-51CrV4，50CrMnVA，55Cr3，52CrMnV4，55CrMnA55SiMnVB，60CrMnB，弹簧扁钢SAE5160(H)，SA387Cr12，9SUP工模具钢工具钢40-60CrNi 高强度标准件用钢B7管坯管坯钢L20Mn2，P91，42Cr，P22，P12，45MnMoB，28Mn2 石油管坯42MnMo7锅炉管坯25MnG，SA-213-T11，SSW合金管坯25MV，30-36Mn2V不锈钢4130X合金结构钢42CrMo，20Mn2碳素结构钢16-50Mn钢连铸圆管坯CL60(H)合结钢锅炉钢20G保淬透性钢22CrMoH齿轮钢SCM822H3，SGl 2传动轴用钢48MnV，C56E2，CF53淬透性合金结构钢AISI8740H，AISI4145H淬透性结构钢40CrH，40CrHH低合金钢. 16-28MnCr5非调质钢12Mn2VB非调质机械结构钢F45V高强矿用圆钢23MnNiMoCr5高压锅炉钢板15MoG高压锅炉管坯钢SA-210Al，SA-210C，SA-213T11，SA-213T12，SA-213T2SA-213T22，SA-213T23，SA-213T91工程机械用钢IE0669，IE0963，IE1106，IE1158M，IE1287，IE2892 工具钢42CrMo4合结钢27SiMnV，09MnD，9MnD，12Cr1MoV，18CD4，28Mn630-42CrMo，30CrMnTi，38CrMoAl，SAE1045W112Cr1MoVG，15CrMoG，12Cr1MoV(盘卷）15CrMo合结钢详细品名材质合金结构钢40Cr，20-50Cr，20-45Mn2，20CrMnTi，20CrMo，20CrMoM20CrNiMo，20Mn2B，20MnTiB，20MnVB，40CrNiMoASCM435H，SCM440，35-42CrMo，28MnCrMo，30CrMnSiA30Mn2，37CrMnMoA，4145H，42CrMoHA，40Mn2(退火）合金结构管坯33-36Mn2V，34CrMn4（方钢），37Mn5冷拉钢-削切钢SAE1117链条钢23MnNiMoCr54，25MnV耐硫酸露点腐蚀用钢08Cr2AlMo，09CrCuSb(ND)，9CrCuSb(ND)汽车高级齿轮钢16-18CrMnBHZ汽车用钢SCM420H汽车用易切削钢SAE1141铁路钩尾框用钢25MnCrNiMoA系泊链钢22MnCrNiMo易切削非调质钢30-50MnVS冷镦钢冷镦钢ML15MnVB，ML35#，R55Cr5，ML35 锚链钢锚链钢连铸坯M30Mn2碳素钢碳素钢20-45#，45Mn优质圆钢碳素结构钢10#管坯，20-45#钢，16Mn，20#管坯，20-65Mn，40MnB45#管坯，50-65#钢，C35，C56F2，C70MoD优质碳素钢S10-45C，S20A优质碳钢XC45桥梁缆索用钢SWRS82B，SWRS82B-M碳素结构钢16-65Mn，20-25MnG，50-80#高速钢材YXR4轴承钢轴承钢G20CrNiMo，G140CrV，SAE4137H，SAE4145H全淬透轴承钢GCr15，GCr15(二火），GCr15(不退火），GCr15(退火）SAE1537HC，SAE-213 T22(盘卷)感应淬火轴承钢S55C，S55CZ渗透透轴承钢SAE8620(H)调心球轴承1215M常用钢材的牌号、性能与用途牌号等级Qb/MPa 与旧标准用途Q195 ——315～390 A1 用于制造承载较小的零件、铁丝、铁圈、垫铁、开口销、拉杆、冲压件以及焊接件等。