現在分詞Ving / 過去分詞p.p
1.時態, 語態需要：描繪存在的情況或狀態,不用by片語, 過去分詞做形容詞
I locked the door five minutes ago. / The door was locked by me five minutes ago.
→ The door is locked now. (adj.鎖著的)
Ann broke the window. / The window was broken by Ann.
→Now the window is broken. (adj.破的)
I don’t know where I am. I am lost. (adj.迷路了)
I ca n’t find my bike. It is gone. (adj.不見了)
I am finished with my work. (adj.完成了)
2.作名詞的修飾語
A.現在分詞表主動或進行的意思/ 過去分詞表被動或完成的意思
A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滾石不生苔。
(= A stone which is rolling gathers no moss.)
The man standing over there is our teacher. 站在哪裡的那位男士是我老師。(=The man who is standing over there is…)
Lost time is lost forever. 逝去的時光永遠不會再回來。
(= Time which is lost is lost forever.)
I received a letter written in English. 我接到一封用英文寫的信。
(=I received a letter which was written in E.)
B.V-ing(現在分詞)+名詞v.s V-ing(動名詞)+名詞
1.重音不同(協體字為重音)
2.現在分詞表狀態/ 動名詞表功用
＊a sleeping baby(=a baby who is sleeping)
a sleeping car(=a car for sleeping)
＊a drinking horse(=a horse that is drinking)
a drinking water(=water for drinking)
＊a dancing girl(=a girl who is dancing)
a dancing girl(=a girl of/ for dancing)
置於所要修飾的名詞之前
What are you planning to do in the coming vacation? 即將來臨的假期
It is dangerous to swim in running water. 流動的水
Stolen fruit tastes sweet. 偷來的水果
They are looking for their lost dog. 遺失的狗
置於所要修飾的名詞之後
(1)簡化形容詞子句成為形容詞片語
Men (who are) living in town do not know the pleasure of country life.
The girl (who is) talking to Mr. Li is Mary.
He is a writer (who is) known all over the world.
The dictionary (which was) bought by Father is useful.
(2)something, someone… / those + adj.
Let me tell you something interesting.
Among those invited were some ladies.
D.分詞構句/ 獨立分詞構句
分詞構句←主詞相同簡化從屬子句
Hearing the news, they all danced for joy.
= When they heard the news, ….
Being sick, I didn’t go to school yesterday.
=Because I was sick, ….
Not wanting to hurt her feelings, he didn’t tell her the bad news.
=Because he didn’t want to…
Exercising every morning, you will make yourself healthier.
=If you exercise every morning,…
獨立分詞構句←主詞不同簡化從屬子句
Being sick in bed, I cannot go to school. (分詞構句)
因為我生病，我無法去上學。
Mother being sick in bed, I cannot go to school. (獨立分詞構句)
因為媽媽生病，我無法去上學。
E.情緒動詞的現在分詞和過去分詞作形容詞
(1) 基本句型：物+ 動詞+ 人The book interests me.
= 物+ be V-ing to + 人The book is interesting to me.
= 人+ be V-ed 介+ 物I am interested in the book.
(2) 句型三，因形容詞不同而有不同的介係詞
be interested in / be satisfied with / be surprised at
be excited about / be troubled about / be bored with
be confused at(with) / be impressed with(by)
be embarrassed about / be scared of(at) / be worried about
be tired with(from) 因…而感疲倦; be tired of 厭倦於
(3) 現在分詞也可以修飾人
Tom is a boring boy. Nobody likes to be with him. (令人厭煩的男孩) Mr. Lin is an interesting teacher. We like to talk with him. (風趣的老師)
