英美文学教案-Of studies

Of Studies （英汉对照）Francis Bacon王佐良先生译文➢Studies serve for delight1, for ornament2, and for ability3.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

Their chief4 use for delight, is in privateness5 and retiring6;其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；for ornament, is in discourse;其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；and for ability, is in the judgment7, and disposition8 of business.其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

For expert9 men can execute10, and perhaps11 judge ofparticulars12, one by one;练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，but the general13 counsels14, and the plots15 and marshalling16 of affairs17, come best, from those that are learned.然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

To spend too much time in studies is sloth;读书费时过多易惰，to use them too much for ornament, is affectation18;文采藻饰太盛则矫，to make judgment wholly19 by their rules, is the humor of ascholar20.全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience:读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning21, by study;盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；and studies themselves, do give forth directions22 too much atlarge, except they be bounded23 in by experience.而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

O f s t u d i e s原文译文及赏析培根Of Studies原文及三个版本的汉译【原文】Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are symini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind ma y have a special receipt.Abeunt studia in mores: Studies pass into the characterSymini sectores: dividers of cumin seeds, or hair-splitters【译文】一、王佐良译：谈读书读书足以怡情, 足以傅彩, 足以长才。

弃我去者，昨日之日不可留乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧【文趣欣赏】Of Studies，是培根400年前撰写的一篇探讨读书问题的散文杂记，亦是英语文学中妇孺皆知的劝学名篇。

该文笔力遒劲苍幽，思想精深悠远，行文简洁明快，论述深入浅出，分析桴鼓相应，读来时若春雨润物，时若激流漂石，时若清风拂面，时若万籁俱号，令人似置身庄子《齐物论》所谓之“野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也”之境界中。

Of Studies从读书之功用立论，分析了读书学习对人生不同凡响的意义。

同时人们对读书学习态度之取向、方法之别异，也直接影响到了学习效果的泾渭两色。

培根以为读书的功用有三，即Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability。

其在人生中的具体体现亦有三，即Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.在作者看来，人们的经验与学识，亦直接影响其读书之取向与效用。

具体说来，就是expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. 由于方法之不同，学习之效果也将各异。

所以培根说，To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. 这个说法颇似孟子“仅信书则不如无书”之教诲。

of studies中英赏析《论研究》是英国文学家培根（Francis Bacon）的一篇经典散文，它以对学习和研究的思考为主题，阐述了研究的重要性和方法。

本文旨在通过对《论研究》的中英赏析，探讨其思想内涵和艺术特点。

《论研究》一文由五个部分组成，分别是“阅读使人完善”、“交谈使人机智”、“写作使人严谨”、“思考使人深刻”和“各种学习方法的效果比较”。

整篇文章以简明扼要的语言，阐述了学习和研究的不同方式对于提高个人能力的重要作用。

文章提到阅读的重要性。

培根认为，阅读使人完善，开拓了人的眼界，丰富了知识储备。

他强调了对于书籍的选择要有所取舍，要选择经典著作和有深度的内容进行阅读。

通过阅读，人们可以获取到前人的智慧和经验，提高自己的见识和理解能力。

文章讲述了交谈的价值。

培根认为，交谈可以使人变得机智。

在与他人的交流中，人们不仅可以学到新的知识，还可以通过与他人的观点碰撞，提高自己的思维能力和逻辑思维能力。

同时，交谈也是一种锻炼表达能力和沟通能力的方式。

接着，文章提到了写作的重要性。

培根认为，写作使人变得严谨。

通过写作，人们可以把自己的想法和观点清晰地表达出来，从而更好地理清思路，提高自己的逻辑思维能力和表达能力。

同时，写作也是一种对于自己思考的检验，可以帮助人们发现自己的不足和问题，进一步提高自己的学术能力。

然后，文章讲述了思考的重要性。

培根认为，思考使人变得深刻。

通过对问题的思考，人们可以深入理解问题的本质和内涵，从而提高自己的分析和解决问题的能力。

培根强调了思考的方法和技巧，比如要善于提出问题、善于质疑和思考多个角度等。

文章对比了各种学习方法的效果。

培根认为，阅读是最基本的学习方法，通过阅读可以获取到大量的知识。

但是，阅读单一的知识来源可能会导致思维的狭窄，因此，培根提倡多种学习方法的结合使用，如阅读、交谈、写作和思考的有机结合。

总结来说，《论研究》是一篇关于学习和研究的经典散文，强调了阅读、交谈、写作和思考对于提高个人能力的重要作用。

Of Studies论读书Francis Bacon 王佐良译文版Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。

其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning (pruning) by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

ofstudies赏析
首先，"-of studies" 是一个英语短语，表示“关于研究”或“关于学习的”。

"赏析"通常是指对某物或某事的深入理解和欣赏，包括对其特点、价值、意义等方面的分析和评价。

因此，如果您要“赏析-of studies”，您可能需要考虑以下几点：
1.理解研究的目的和意义：首先，您需要了解所讨论的研究或学习是为了解决什么问
题，它对当前领域或实际应用有何重要性。

2.分析研究方法与设计：研究是如何设计和实施的？使用了哪些方法和工具？这些方
法和工具是否合适、有效？
3.评估研究的成果与结论：研究得出了什么结论？这些结论是否具有创新性、实用性
或科学价值？
4.考虑研究的局限性和未来方向：研究是否存在局限性？未来可以在哪些方面进行改
进或扩展？
5.总结与个人观点：在深入了解和分析之后，总结您对这项研究的看法，包括它的优
点、缺点以及您个人的观点和评价。

通过以上步骤，您可以对“-of studies”进行全面的赏析，从而更好地理解其价值和应用前景。

of studies解读"of Studies" 是英国作家弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）的一篇著名散文，也是他哲学思想的重要代表作之一。

这篇文章主要探讨了知识的获取、运用和价值，以及学习与研究的方法和目的。

下面是对这篇文章的解读：一、背景介绍弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期的哲学家、政治家、法学家和作家。

他出生于一个贵族家庭，曾在剑桥大学和巴黎大学接受教育，并在科学、法律、政治等领域取得了卓越的成就。

他的散文作品具有深刻的哲学思考和独特的语言风格，对英国文学产生了深远的影响。

二、深入分析"of Studies" 一文的主题非常广泛，涉及到了知识的各个方面。

以下是对几个主要论点的深入分析：1.知识的获取与运用培根在文章中强调了知识的重要性，认为知识是人类智慧的结晶，也是人类进步的动力。

他指出，知识的获取需要勤奋、耐心和努力，而知识的运用则需要智慧和判断力。

只有将知识运用到实际生活中，才能发挥其真正的价值。

2.学习与研究的方法培根认为，学习与研究应该采用科学的方法。

他提出了许多关于学习方法的具体建议，例如：读书要有选择性地读，要注重理解而不是死记硬背；要善于观察和实验，从实践中获取知识；要善于思考和总结，将所学知识归纳为系统化的知识体系。

3.知识的价值与目的培根认为，知识的价值在于其实用性和对人类智慧的启迪。

他主张将知识运用到实际生活中，为社会发展和人类进步服务。

同时，知识的目的应该是探索真理和改善人类生活，而不是仅仅为了追求荣誉和地位。

三、对比与参照与其他哲学家相比，培根在 "of Studies" 一文中提出了许多新颖的观点和见解。

例如，他强调了知识的实用性和对人类智慧的启迪，主张采用科学的方法进行学习和研究。

这些观点在当时的社会背景下具有很强的前瞻性和创新性。

此外，与其他教育类文章相比，"of Studies" 一文更加注重对学习方法、学习态度和学习目的的探讨，具有很强的指导意义。